CN115765009A - System architecture for realizing multi-path MPPT control of micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter - Google Patents

System architecture for realizing multi-path MPPT control of micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115765009A
CN115765009A CN202211504845.5A CN202211504845A CN115765009A CN 115765009 A CN115765009 A CN 115765009A CN 202211504845 A CN202211504845 A CN 202211504845A CN 115765009 A CN115765009 A CN 115765009A
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primary
main control
secondary side
group
sides
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董海亮
廖茂宇
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Zhejiang Benyi Electrical Co ltd
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Zhejiang Benyi Electrical Co ltd
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Priority to CN202211504845.5A priority Critical patent/CN115765009A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2023/076652 priority patent/WO2024113499A1/en
Publication of CN115765009A publication Critical patent/CN115765009A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system architecture for realizing multi-path MPPT control, which consists of 1-m groups of primary sides, an isolation communication module and a secondary side; each group of primary sides comprises a primary side main control chip and 1-n groups of DC/DC converters; the secondary side comprises a secondary side main control chip, a PLL phase locking module, a DC/AC converter and an output filter; the primary side main control chip realizes independent MPPT on the multiple paths of photovoltaic modules, and controls the DC/DC converter to generate boosted direct current to feed to the secondary side through PWM; the secondary side main control chip acquires voltage, frequency and phase information of an external power grid, controls the DC/AC converter to invert into common-frequency alternating current after receiving boosted direct current fed by each group of primary sides, and feeds the same-frequency alternating current to the external power grid through the output filter; the isolation communication module realizes complete electrical isolation of the original secondary side. The invention solves the technical defects in the prior art, avoids the problem of layout bottleneck, and does not influence the maximum power tracking of other paths when a single MPPT control fault exists.

Description

System architecture for realizing multi-path MPPT control of micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic, in particular to a micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system architecture for realizing multi-path MPPT control.
Background
The micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is widely applied due to the characteristics of high safety, high power generation efficiency, convenience in installation and the like. However, compared to a string-type or centralized inverter, the micro-grid-connected pv inverter has a high cost per watt. Therefore, the power density of the micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is improved by improving the single-path MPPT output power of the micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and supporting the input of multiple photovoltaic Panels (PV), the cost per watt of the micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is reduced, and the method becomes one of important technical points for promoting the development of the micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and competing with a string type or centralized type inverter.
At present, the scheme for realizing multi-path PV input by a micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter in the market comprises a scheme for performing one-path Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control by connecting two paths of PV in parallel inside the micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so as to expand multi-path PV input and a scheme for directly performing multi-path PV input and multi-path MPPT control.
However, when two or more PV are directly connected in parallel to perform one MPPT control, the direct parallel connection is prone to generate voltage backflow due to differences in characteristics and application environments of different photovoltaic panels, thereby reducing the service life of the photovoltaic panels and even damaging the photovoltaic panels; in addition, since the MPPT tracks the maximum power after the parallel connection, the maximum power point is not the maximum power point for a single photovoltaic panel, so that the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is reduced.
When the scheme of multi-path PV input and multi-path MPPT control is adopted, a scheme of controlling MPPT and inversion by a single chip is adopted, a scheme of independently controlling two chips for MPPT and inversion is also adopted, and bottlenecks can exist in chip pin resources and PCB layout. In addition, when multiple PV inputs are supported and each MPPT is independently controlled, multiple MPPTs are required to be arranged side by side, so that two paths of driving and sampling far away from a chip are required to be wired longer, and EMC problems are easily encountered.
Therefore, a new scheme for realizing multi-path PV input by a micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system architecture is urgently needed, the technical defects of the two schemes can be overcome, the problem of layout bottleneck can be avoided, and when a single-point MPPT control fault exists, the maximum power tracking of other paths is not influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system architecture for realizing multi-path MPPT control, which can solve the technical defects in the prior art, not only can avoid the problem of layout bottleneck, but also does not influence the maximum power tracking of other paths when a single-point MPPT control fault exists.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention provides a system architecture of a micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter for realizing multi-path MPPT control, which is composed of 1-m groups of primary sides, an isolation communication module and a secondary side, wherein m is a positive integer greater than 1; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
each group of primary sides comprises a primary side main control chip and 1-n groups of DC/DC converters with independent MPPT control; the secondary side comprises a secondary side main control chip, a PLL phase locking module, a DC/AC converter and an output filter;
in each group of primary sides, the wire inlet ends of 1-n groups of DC/DC converters are respectively correspondingly connected with 1-n photovoltaic panels PV, the wire outlet ends are respectively connected with the wire inlet ends of the DC/AC converters in the secondary sides, and the signal control ends are respectively correspondingly connected with the first ends of the primary side main control chips in the same group; the second end of the primary side main control chip in each group of primary sides is correspondingly connected with 1-n photovoltaic panels PV in the same group, and the third end is connected with one end of the isolation communication module;
in the secondary side, the secondary side main control chip is respectively connected with a signal control end arranged on the DC/AC converter, the other end of the isolation communication module and one end of the PLL phase locking module; the outlet end arranged on the DC/AC converter is connected with one end of the output filter; the other end of the PLL phase locking module is connected with the power grid; the other end of the output filter is connected with the power grid;
the primary side master control chips in each group of primary sides are used for realizing independent MPPT of the multi-path photovoltaic modules, and control the DC/DC converters connected with the primary side master control chips respectively to generate boosted direct current through the PWM signal control ends, and the boosted direct current is further fed to the secondary side;
the secondary side main control chip in the secondary side is used for detecting the phase information of the power grid through the PLL phase locking module, directly acquiring the voltage and frequency information of the power grid, and inverting the voltage and frequency information into common-frequency alternating current when receiving boosted direct current fed by each group of primary sides through the DC/DC converter, and feeding the alternating current to the power grid after passing through the output filter;
the isolation communication module is used for achieving communication between each group of the primary sides and the secondary sides and achieving complete electrical isolation between each group of the primary sides and the secondary sides.
The primary side main control chips in the primary sides are also used for immediately stopping working if the primary side main control chips in a certain group of the primary sides are monitored to have faults meeting the uncontrollable risk conditions, and sending fault signals to the primary side main control chips in all the primary sides so as to inform all the primary side main control chips of stopping working; and if the fault meeting the risk controllable condition is detected to occur on a certain group of primary sides, the normal operation is kept, and only a fault signal is sent to the primary side main control chip in the primary side of the fault group to inform the primary side main control chip in the primary side of the fault group to stop working.
Wherein the failures meeting the uncontrollable-risk condition include a short-circuit to ground fault and over-temperature protection of the PV.
The total number m of the original edge groups is determined by the pin resources of the secondary side main control chip in the secondary side; the total number n of the DC/DC converters in each group of primary sides is determined by the pin resources of the primary side main control chip in the same group of primary sides.
Wherein m is greater than or equal to 8; n is 4 or more.
And a flyback boost circuit, a forward boost circuit, a boost circuit or an LLC boost circuit is arranged in any one group of DC/DC converters in the original sides of each group.
Wherein the frequency of the alternating current combined to the power grid is 60Hz/50Hz.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention forms a multi-path PV input and multi-path MPPT control scheme by 1-m groups of primary sides and one secondary side, realizes the electrical isolation of a power part through a booster transformer in a DC/DC converter, and realizes the complete electrical isolation of the primary side and the secondary side through an isolation communication module, thereby solving the technical defects existing in the prior art and avoiding the problem of layout bottleneck;
2. according to the invention, the primary side fault information is transmitted to the secondary side in real time, and the secondary side collects primary side faults of all paths and updates the faults of the secondary side to the primary sides of all paths, so that double backup of the faults of the primary side main control chip and the secondary side main control chip is realized. And control is carried out according to the risk of the fault, when the fault is from a secondary side, the work of all primary side main control chips is stopped, when the fault is from a primary side of a certain path (when the risk is uncontrollable, the secondary side main control chips and all primary side main control chips stop working, and when the risk is controllable, only the fault primary side main control chip stops working), thereby improving the reliability of fault protection, and ensuring the maximum power point tracking of other paths of MPPT when the single-point MPPT controls the fault.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is within the scope of the present invention for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system architecture of a micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter for implementing multi-path MPPT control according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single primary side in a micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system architecture for implementing multi-path MPPT control according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, a system architecture of a micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter for implementing multi-path MPPT control is provided, and includes 1 to m groups of a primary side 1, an isolation communication module 2, and a secondary side 3, where m is a positive integer greater than 1; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
each group of primary sides 1 comprises a primary side main control chip 11 and 1-n groups of DC/DC converters 12 with independent MPPT control; the secondary side 3 comprises a secondary side main control chip 33, a PLL phase locking module 32, a DC/AC converter 31 and an output filter 34;
in each group of primary sides 1, the wire inlet ends A1 arranged on 1-n groups of DC/DC converters 12 are correspondingly connected with 1-n photovoltaic panels PV respectively, the wire outlet ends A2 arranged on the 1-n groups of DC/DC converters are connected with the wire inlet end B1 of the DC/AC converter 31 in the secondary side 3 respectively, and the signal control ends A3 arranged on the 1-n groups of DC/DC converters are correspondingly connected with the first end of the primary side main control chip 11 in the same group; the second end of the primary side main control chip 11 in each group of the primary sides 1 is correspondingly connected with 1-n photovoltaic panels PV in the same group, and the third end is connected with one end of the isolation communication module 2;
in the secondary side 3, a secondary side main control chip 33 is respectively connected with a signal control end B3 arranged on the DC/AC converter 31, the other end of the isolation communication module 2 and one end of the PLL phase locking module 32; an outlet terminal B2 arranged on the DC/AC converter 31 is connected with one end of the output filter 34; the other end of the PLL phase-locking module 32 is connected with the power grid; the other end of the output filter 34 is connected to the grid;
in each group of primary sides 1, the primary side main control chip 33 is used for realizing independent MPPT of multiple paths of photovoltaic modules, controls the DC/DC converter 12 to generate boosted direct current through the PWM signal control end, and further feeds the boosted direct current to the secondary side 3;
the secondary main control chip 33 in the secondary 3 is configured to detect phase information of the power grid through the PLL phase-locking module 32, directly acquire voltage and frequency information of the power grid, and invert the voltage and frequency information into common-frequency alternating current when receiving the boosted direct current fed by each group of primary sides 1 through the DC/DC converter 12, and feed the same-frequency alternating current to the power grid through the output filter 34;
and the isolation communication module 2 (the isolation scheme can be magnetic isolation, capacitance isolation, optical isolation and the like) is used for realizing the communication between each group of the primary side 1 and the secondary side 3 and realizing the complete electrical isolation between each group of the primary side 1 and the secondary side 3.
It should be noted that the primary side main control chip 11 and the secondary side main control chip 33 respectively complete the control of the DC/DC and DC/AC parts, and compared with the control scheme of a single chip, the secondary side main control chip 33 only aims at the functions of DC/AC, PLL phase locking, secondary side overcurrent, and the like, and has simple control logic and high reliability.
It should be noted that the DC/DC converter 12 of each primary side 1 has PV side voltage and current sampling for the PV input of the path, and has independent MPPT control, where one path is abnormal and does not directly affect the maximum power tracking of other paths.
It should be noted that the total number m of the primary sides 1 is determined by the pin resources of the secondary side main control chip 33 in the secondary side 3, and generally m may be greater than or equal to 8, that is, at least the first to eighth groups of primary sides may be expanded according to the conventional serial number of the secondary side main control chip 33; the total number n of the DC/DC converters in each group of primary sides is determined by the pin resources of the primary side master control chips in the same group of primary sides, and n may be greater than or equal to 4, i.e. it may be generally designed as at least 1-4 independent MPPT controls.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to further improve the product safety, the primary side main control chip 11 and the secondary side main control chip 33 realize fault double backup. At this time, when the secondary main control chip in the secondary 3 monitors the fault from the secondary, the secondary main control chip stops working immediately, and synchronously sends a fault signal to the primary main control chips 11 in all the primary sides 1 and stops working; the secondary main control chip 33 in the secondary 3 is further configured to immediately stop working if it is monitored that the primary main control chips 11 in a certain group of the primary sides 1 have a fault (such as PV ground short circuit fault, over-temperature protection, and the like) meeting the uncontrollable risk condition, and send a fault signal to the primary main control chips 11 in all the primary sides 1 to notify all the primary main control chips 11 of stopping working; and if the fault meeting the risk controllable condition is detected to occur on a certain group of primary sides 1, the normal operation is kept, and only the fault signal is sent to the primary side main control chip (such as the primary side main control chip 2) in the primary side (such as the second group of primary sides) of the fault group so as to inform the primary side main control chip (such as the second group of primary side main control chip 2) in the primary side of the fault group to stop working.
As shown in fig. 2, a voltage boost circuit such as flyback, forward, boost or LLC is provided in any one of the DC/DC converters 12 in each of the primary sides 1. At this time, each path of the DC/DC converter 12 directly connects the boosted direct current to the DC/AC converter 31 in parallel, and then the secondary main control chip 33 controls to invert the boosted direct current into the same-frequency alternating current, and the same-frequency alternating current is fed to the power grid through the output filter 34, and the frequency of the alternating current power grid is 60Hz/50Hz.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention forms a multi-path PV input and multi-path MPPT control scheme by 1-m groups of primary sides and one secondary side, realizes the electrical isolation of a power part through a booster transformer in a DC/DC converter, and realizes the complete electrical isolation of the primary side and the secondary side through an isolation communication module, thereby solving the technical defects existing in the prior art and avoiding the problem of layout bottleneck;
2. according to the invention, the primary side fault information is transmitted to the secondary side in real time, and the secondary side collects primary side faults of all paths and updates the faults of the secondary side to the primary sides of all paths, so that double backup of the faults of the primary side main control chip and the secondary side main control chip is realized. And control is carried out according to the risk of the fault, when the fault is from a secondary side, the work of all primary side main control chips is stopped, when the fault is from a primary side of a certain path (when the risk is uncontrollable, the secondary side main control chips and all primary side main control chips stop working, and when the risk is controllable, only the fault primary side main control chip stops working), thereby improving the reliability of fault protection, and ensuring the maximum power point tracking of other paths of MPPT when the single-point MPPT controls the fault.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system architecture for realizing multi-path MPPT control is characterized by comprising 1-m groups of primary sides, an isolation communication module and a secondary side, wherein m is a positive integer greater than 1; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
each group of primary sides comprises a primary side main control chip and 1-n groups of DC/DC converters with independent MPPT control; the secondary side comprises a secondary side main control chip, a PLL phase locking module, a DC/AC converter and an output filter;
in each group of primary sides, the respective wire inlet ends of 1-n groups of DC/DC converters are correspondingly connected with 1-n photovoltaic panels PV, the respective wire outlet ends are respectively connected with the wire inlet ends of the DC/AC converters in the secondary sides, and the respective signal control ends are correspondingly connected with the first ends of the primary side main control chips in the same group; the second end of the primary side main control chip in each group of primary sides is correspondingly connected with 1-n photovoltaic panels PV in the same group, and the third end is connected with one end of the isolation communication module;
in the secondary side, the secondary side main control chip is respectively connected with a signal control end arranged on the DC/AC converter, the other end of the isolation communication module and one end of the PLL phase locking module; the outlet end arranged on the DC/AC converter is connected with one end of the output filter; the other end of the PLL phase locking module is connected with the power grid; the other end of the output filter is connected with the power grid;
the primary side master control chips in each group of primary sides are used for realizing independent MPPT of the multi-path photovoltaic modules, and control the DC/DC converters connected with the primary side master control chips respectively to generate boosted direct current through the PWM signal control ends, and the boosted direct current is further fed to the secondary side;
the secondary side main control chip in the secondary side is used for detecting the phase information of the power grid through the PLL phase locking module, directly acquiring the voltage and frequency information of the power grid, and inverting the voltage and frequency information into common-frequency alternating current when receiving boosted direct current fed by each group of primary sides through the DC/DC converter, and feeding the alternating current to the power grid after passing through the output filter;
the isolation communication module is used for achieving communication between each group of the primary sides and the secondary sides and achieving complete electrical isolation between each group of the primary sides and the secondary sides.
2. The architecture of claim 1, wherein the secondary master control chips in the secondary sides are further configured to stop working immediately if a failure that meets an uncontrollable risk condition is detected in the primary master control chips in a certain set of primary sides, and send a failure signal to the primary master control chips in all primary sides to notify all primary master control chips to stop working; and if the fault meeting the risk controllable condition is detected to occur on a certain group of primary sides, the normal operation is kept, and only a fault signal is sent to the primary side main control chip in the primary side of the fault group to inform the primary side main control chip in the primary side of the fault group to stop working.
3. The micro grid-connected photovoltaic inverter system architecture that implements multi-way MPPT control of claim 2, wherein the failures meeting risk uncontrollable conditions include PV short-to-ground faults and over-temperature protection.
4. The architecture of claim 1, wherein the total number m of primary side groups is determined by pin resources of the secondary side master control chip in the secondary side; the total number n of the DC/DC converters in each group of primary sides is determined by the pin resources of the primary side main control chip in the same group of primary sides.
5. The grid-connected inverter system architecture of realizing multichannel MPPT control of claim 4, characterized by, that m is greater than or equal to 8; n is 4 or more.
6. The architecture of claim 1, wherein a flyback boost circuit, a forward boost circuit, a boost circuit, or an LLC boost circuit is provided in any of the DC/DC converters in each of the groups of primaries.
7. The micro grid-connected photovoltaic inverter system architecture that implements multi-way MPPT control of claim 1, wherein a rated frequency of alternating current on the grid is 60Hz/50Hz.
CN202211504845.5A 2022-11-28 2022-11-28 System architecture for realizing multi-path MPPT control of micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter Pending CN115765009A (en)

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CN202211504845.5A CN115765009A (en) 2022-11-28 2022-11-28 System architecture for realizing multi-path MPPT control of micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter
PCT/CN2023/076652 WO2024113499A1 (en) 2022-11-28 2023-02-17 Micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system architecture realizing multi-path mppt control

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CN101841166A (en) * 2010-05-11 2010-09-22 英伟力新能源科技(上海)有限公司 Double DSP control method for photovoltaic grid-connected inverter
CN101976852A (en) * 2010-11-02 2011-02-16 深圳市合兴加能科技有限公司 Photovoltaic power supply system structure and method thereof
US10411477B2 (en) * 2012-03-26 2019-09-10 Pika Energy, Inc. Distributed substring architecture for maximum power point tracking of energy sources
CN105305496B (en) * 2015-11-19 2017-08-08 保力新能源科技(东莞)有限公司 The isolated form photovoltaic combining inverter and its method of work of a kind of pair of branch structure
EP3373433B1 (en) * 2017-03-07 2020-04-29 ABB Schweiz AG A photovoltaic power plant system
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