CN115763960A - Silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte, preparation method and lithium ion battery thereof - Google Patents

Silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte, preparation method and lithium ion battery thereof Download PDF

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CN115763960A
CN115763960A CN202211549322.2A CN202211549322A CN115763960A CN 115763960 A CN115763960 A CN 115763960A CN 202211549322 A CN202211549322 A CN 202211549322A CN 115763960 A CN115763960 A CN 115763960A
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lithium
silicon
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negative electrode
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CN115763960B (en
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闫淑欣
张涵
洪斯凡
王理
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Eve Energy Co Ltd
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    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte, a preparation method and a lithium ion battery thereof, wherein the silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte comprises the following components: 17-20 parts by weight of a lithium agent, wherein the lithium agent comprises at least three of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis (difluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl imide, lithium bis (oxalato) borate and lithium tetrafluoroborate; 70-82.5 parts by weight of a non-aqueous primary solvent; and 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent additive. The silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte can be preferably suitable for a high-silicon lithium battery system (the silicon content is more than or equal to 9%), and the problems that the electrolyte used for the silicon-based negative electrode generates gas, the circulating capacity is quickly attenuated and the like in the prior art are solved.

Description

Silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte, preparation method and lithium ion battery thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte, a preparation method and a lithium ion battery thereof.
Background
The silicon-based material has large volume expansion, and particles can be broken in the circulation process, so that the consumption of electrolyte is increased along with the continuous recombination and repair of an SEI film. With the increasing of the silicon content, increasing the content of FEC becomes a main way to improve the electrochemical performance of the battery. However, the increase of the FEC content can cause the gas generation of the battery core to be intensified, the use safety risk of the battery is increased, and the consumption of the electrolyte is intensified along with the electrochemical processes such as circulation and the like, so that the current electrolyte cannot achieve the expected effect.
With the rapid development of lithium ion batteries, the demand for energy density is gradually increased, and silicon negative electrode materials are hot to the touch due to their high gram-capacitance (4200 mAh/g). But the charging efficiency and the cycle life times are lower, and the self-expansion rate can reach 300 percent. The main reason is that during the circulation process, the huge volume change easily causes the crushing and pulverization of silicon particles, so that an unstable SEI film is continuously generated on the crushed fresh surface, and the battery capacity is quickly attenuated. In order to alleviate the defects, a material factory reduces the influence caused by silicon expansion through nano-crystallization, pre-lithiation, pre-magnesiation and other ways, and achieves certain effect. However, the electrolyte is crucial to the wide application and popularization of the silicon negative electrode as the 'blood' of the lithium ion battery, and the improvement of the performance of the battery by the proper electrolyte is large, so that the development of the electrolyte suitable for the silicon negative electrode system becomes a problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte capable of continuously forming a uniform, compact and stable SEI film on the negative electrode side, a preparation method and a lithium ion battery thereof, so as to solve the problems of high gas generation rate, high cycle capacity attenuation rate and the like of the electrolyte used by a silicon-based negative electrode in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte comprising:
17-20 parts by weight of a lithium agent, wherein the lithium agent comprises at least three of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis (difluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (oxalato) borate and lithium tetrafluoroborate;
70-82.5 parts by weight of a non-aqueous primary solvent;
and 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a nonaqueous main solvent additive.
Further, the non-aqueous primary solvent includes a fluorinated solvent.
Further, the non-aqueous main solvent comprises one or more of fluoroethyl carbonate, dimethyl fluoro carbonate, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, fluoroadiponitrile, fluorinated cyclic carbonate, fluoromethyl ethyl sulfone, methylethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and adiponitrile.
Further, the non-aqueous main solvent includes at least three of fluoroethyl carbonate, dimethyl fluoro carbonate, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, fluoroadiponitrile, fluorocyclocarbonate, fluoromethylethylsulfone, methylethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, adiponitrile.
Further, the addition amount of the plurality of kinds of the nonaqueous main solvent is the same.
Further, the non-aqueous main solvent additive comprises any one or more of vinylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, 3- (trimethylsiloxy) propionitrile, 2-butenenitrile 1,3, 6-hexane, trimethyl nitrile, sulfur-containing heterocyclic borate ester, lithium nitrate, vinyl sulfate, butyl sultone and fluoro phosphate.
Further, the non-aqueous main solvent additive comprises 1, 3-propane sultone, and the addition amount of the 1, 3-propane sultone is less than 3 parts by weight. The method is used for solving the problems of high-temperature circulation, gas storage, gas generation and the like of the battery in the circulation process.
Further, the lithium agent is lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) and lithium hexafluorophosphate.
The preparation method of the silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte comprises the following steps:
weighing 17-20 parts by weight of lithium agent, then weighing 70-82.5 parts by weight of non-aqueous main solvent, adding the lithium agent into the mixed liquid of the non-aqueous main solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the mixed liquid of the lithium agent and the non-aqueous main solvent; and weighing 0.5-10 parts by weight of the nonaqueous main solvent additive, adding the nonaqueous main solvent additive into the mixed solution of the lithium agent and the nonaqueous main solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte.
A lithium ion battery comprises the silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte disclosed by the invention can be better suitable for a high-silicon lithium battery system (the silicon content is more than or equal to 9%), and the problems that the gas generation of a battery core is aggravated and the use safety risk of the battery is increased due to the increase of the addition amount of FEC are solved, so that the cycle performance of the battery is improved; by continuously forming a uniform, compact and stable SEI film on the negative electrode side, the problems of high gas generation rate, high cycle capacity attenuation and the like of electrolyte used by a silicon-based negative electrode in the prior art are solved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte comprises 18 parts by weight of a lithium agent, 81 parts by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent and 1 part by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent additive. Wherein the lithium agent comprises lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI), and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ). The non-aqueous primary solvent includes fluorinated cyclic carbonate (FEC), fluorinated dimethyl carbonate (FDMC) and Fluorinated Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (FEMC). The non-aqueous main solvent additive includes 1,3 Propane Sultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), tris hexafluoroisopropyl phosphate (THFP), lithium difluorooxalato borate (LiDFOB).
The silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte is prepared by the following steps:
firstly, 18 parts by weight of lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) are weighed 6 ). Lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) in this example 6 ) The specific ratio of (A) is not limited.
Then 27 parts by weight of fluorinated cyclic carbonate (FEC), 27 parts by weight of dimethyl Fluorocarbonate (FDMC), and 27 parts by weight of ethyl methyl Fluorocarbonate (FEMC) were weighed and mixed to be uniform, to prepare a mixed solution of a nonaqueous main solvent. Adding the lithium agent accounting for 18 parts by weight to the mixed liquid of the nonaqueous main solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the mixed liquid of the lithium agent and the nonaqueous main solvent.
Weighing 1 part by weight of 1,3 parts of Propane Sultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), tris (hexafluoroisopropyl) phosphate (THFP) and lithium difluorooxalato borate (LiDFOB), adding the mixture into the mixed solution of the lithium agent and the nonaqueous main solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte.
Example 2
A silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte comprises 17 parts by weight of a lithium agent, 82.5 parts by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent and 0.5 part by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent additive. Wherein the lithium agent comprises lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI), and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ). The non-aqueous primary solvent includes fluorinated cyclic carbonate (FEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC). The non-aqueous main solvent additive includes 1,3 Propane Sultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), tris hexafluoroisopropyl phosphate (THFP), lithium difluorooxalato borate (liddob).
The silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte is prepared by the following steps:
firstly weighing 17 parts by weight of lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) in total 6 ). Lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) in this example 6 ) The specific ratio of (A) to (B) is not limited.
Then 27.5 parts by weight of fluorinated cyclic carbonate (FEC), 27.5 parts by weight of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and 27.5 parts by weight of Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) were weighed and mixed uniformly to prepare a mixed solution of the non-aqueous main solvent. Adding the lithium agent accounting for 17 parts by weight to the mixed liquid of the nonaqueous main solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the mixed liquid of the lithium agent and the nonaqueous main solvent.
Weighing 0.5 part by weight of 1,3 Propane Sultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), tris (hexafluoroisopropyl) phosphate (THFP) and lithium difluoro oxalato borate (LiDFOB), adding the weighed materials into the mixed solution of the lithium agent and the non-aqueous main solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte. In this example, specific proportions of 1,3 Propane Sultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), and lithium difluorooxalato borate (liddob) are not limited.
Example 3
A silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte comprises 20 parts by weight of a lithium agent, 77 parts by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent and 3 parts by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent additive. Wherein the lithium agent comprises lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI), and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ). The non-aqueous primary solvent includes fluorinated cyclic carbonate (FEC), fluorinated dimethyl carbonate (FDMC) and Fluorinated Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (FEMC). The non-aqueous main solvent additive includes 1,3 Propane Sultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), lithium difluoro oxalato borate (LiDFOB).
The silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte is prepared by the following steps:
first, a total of 20 parts by weight of lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) were weighed 6 ). Lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) in this example 6 ) The specific ratio of (A) to (B) is not limited.
Then, 25.7 parts by weight of fluorinated cyclic carbonate (FEC), 25.7 parts by weight of fluorinated dimethyl carbonate (FDMC), and 25.7 parts by weight of Fluorinated Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (FEMC) were weighed and mixed to prepare a mixed solution of the nonaqueous main solvent. Adding the lithium agent accounting for 20 parts by weight into the mixed liquid of the non-aqueous main solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the mixed liquid of the lithium agent and the non-aqueous main solvent.
Weighing 3 parts by weight of 1,3 parts by weight of Propane Sultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD) and lithium difluoro oxalato borate (LiDFOB), adding the mixture into the mixed solution of the lithium agent and the non-aqueous main solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte. In this example, specific proportions of 1, 3-Propanesultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), and lithium difluorooxalato borate (liddob) are not limited.
Example 4
A silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte comprises 18 parts by weight of a lithium agent, 72 parts by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent and 10 parts by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent additive. Wherein the lithium agent comprises lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI), and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ). The non-aqueous primary solvent comprises fluorinated cyclic carbonate (FEC), fluorinated adiponitrile (AND-CF) 3 ) And fluoroethyl carbonate (FEMC). The non-aqueous main solvent additive includes 1,3 Propane Sultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), (tris hexafluoroisopropyl) phosphate (THFP), lithium difluorooxalato borate (liddob).
The silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte is prepared by the following steps:
firstly, 18 parts by weight of lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) are weighed 6 ). Lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) in this example 6 ) The specific ratio of (A) is not limited.
Then 24 parts by weight of fluorinated cyclic carbonate (FEC) AND 24 parts by weight of fluorinated adiponitrile (AND-CF) were weighed out 3 ) And 24 parts by weight of fluoroethyl carbonate (FEMC) were uniformly mixed to prepare a mixed solution of the nonaqueous main solvent. Adding the lithium agent accounting for 18 parts by weight to the mixed liquid of the nonaqueous main solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the mixed liquid of the lithium agent and the nonaqueous main solvent.
In this example, specific proportions of 1,3 Propane Sultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), tris (hexafluoroisopropyl) phosphate (THFP), lithium difluoroborate (liddob), and lithium difluoroborate (liddob) are not limited, but the amount of 1,3 Propane Sultone (PS) added should be less than 3 parts by weight.
Example 5
A silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte comprises 17 parts by weight of a lithium agent, 72 parts by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent and 10 parts by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent additive. Wherein the lithium agent comprises lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI), and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ). The non-aqueous primary solvent includes fluorinated cyclic carbonate (FEC), adiponitrile (AND), AND fluoroethyl carbonate (FEMC). The non-aqueous main solvent additive includes 1,3 Propane Sultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), (tris hexafluoroisopropyl) phosphate (THFP), lithium difluorooxalato borate (liddob).
The silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte is prepared by the following steps:
firstly weighing 17 parts by weight of lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) in total 6 ). Lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) in this example 6 ) The specific ratio of (A) to (B) is not limited.
Then, 24.3 parts by weight of fluorinated cyclic carbonate (FEC), 24.3 parts by weight of Adiponitrile (AND), AND 24.3 parts by weight of fluorinated methyl ethyl carbonate (FEMC) were weighed AND mixed uniformly to prepare a mixed solution of the nonaqueous main solvent. Adding the lithium agent accounting for 17 parts by weight to the mixed liquid of the nonaqueous main solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the mixed liquid of the lithium agent and the nonaqueous main solvent.
In this example, specific proportions of 1,3 Propane Sultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), tris (hexafluoroisopropyl) phosphate (THFP), lithium difluoroborate (liddob), and lithium difluoroborate (liddob) are not limited, but the amount of 1,3 Propane Sultone (PS) added should be less than 3 parts by weight.
Example 6
A silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte comprises 19 parts by weight of a lithium agent, 72 parts by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent and 9 parts by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent additive. Wherein the lithium agent comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ) Lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB) and lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF) 4 ). The non-aqueous main solvent comprises 1, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (D2), fluoromethylethyl sulfone (FEMS), fluoroadiponitrile (AND-CF) 3 ) And fluoroethyl carbonate (FEMC). The non-aqueous main solvent additive comprises Propylene Carbonate (PC), 3- (trimethylsiloxy) propionitrile (TMSOPN), and lithium nitrate (LiNO) 3 ) And Butane Sultone (BS).
The silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte is prepared by the following steps:
first, a total of 19 parts by weight of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) was weighed 6 ) Lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB), and lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF) 4 ). Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) in the present example 6 ) Lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB), and lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF) 4 ) The specific ratio of (A) to (B) is not limited.
Then, 18 parts by weight of 1, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (D2), 18 parts by weight of fluoromethyl ethyl sulfone (FEMS) AND 18 parts by weight of fluoroadiponitrile (AND-CF) were weighed out separately 3 ) And 18 parts by weight of fluoroethyl carbonate (FEMC) were mixed uniformly to prepare a mixed solution of the nonaqueous main solvent. The lithium agent in a total of 19 parts by weight was added to the mixed solution of the nonaqueous main solvent, and the mixture was stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed solution of the lithium agent and the nonaqueous main solvent.
9 parts in total of Propylene Carbonate (PC), 3- (trimethylsiloxy) propionitrile (TMSOPN), and lithium nitrate (LiNO) were weighed 3 ) And Butyl Sultone (BS) is added into the mixed solution of the lithium agent and the non-aqueous main solvent and is uniformly stirred to obtain the silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte. In this example, propylene Carbonate (PC), 3- (trimethylsiloxy) propionitrile (TMSOPN), and lithium nitrate (LiNO) were added 3 ) The specific ratio of Butanesultone (BS) is not limited.
Example 7
A silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte comprises 20 parts by weight of lithium agent and 70 parts by weight of nonaqueous electrolyteSolvent, 10 parts by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent additive. Wherein the lithium agent comprises lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI), and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ). The non-aqueous primary solvent comprises fluorinated cyclic carbonate (FEC), fluorinated adiponitrile (AND-CF) 3 ) And fluoroethyl carbonate (FEMC). The non-aqueous primary solvent additive comprises 1,3 Propane Sultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), tris (hexafluoroisopropyl) phosphate (THFP), lithium difluorophosphate (LiPF) 2 O 2 ) And 1, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (D2).
The silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte is prepared by the following steps:
first, 20 parts by weight in total of lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) were weighed 6 ). Lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) in this example 6 ) The specific ratio of (A) to (B) is not limited.
Then, 23.3 parts by weight of fluorinated cyclic carbonate (FEC) AND 23.3 parts by weight of fluorinated adiponitrile (AND-CF) were weighed out 3 ) And 23.3 parts by weight of fluoroethyl carbonate (FEMC) were uniformly mixed to prepare a mixed solution of the nonaqueous main solvent. Adding the lithium agent accounting for 20 parts by weight to the mixed liquid of the non-aqueous main solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the mixed liquid of the lithium agent and the non-aqueous main solvent.
1,3 Propane Sultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), tris hexafluoroisopropyl phosphate (THFP), lithium difluorophosphate (LiPF) were weighed out in a total of 10 parts by weight 2 O 2 ) And 1, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (D2) are added into the mixed solution of the lithium agent and the nonaqueous main solvent and are uniformly stirred to obtain the silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte. In this example, 1, 3-Propanesultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), tris (hexafluoroisopropyl) phosphate (THFP), and lithium difluorophosphate (LiPF) 2 O 2 ) And 1, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (D2) are not particularly limited, but 1, 3-Propanesultone (PS) should be added in an amount of less than 3% by weightAnd (4) portions are obtained.
Example 8
A silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte comprises 19 parts by weight of a lithium agent, 72 parts by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent and 9 parts by weight of a non-aqueous main solvent additive. Wherein the lithium agent comprises lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI), and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ). The non-aqueous primary solvent includes fluorinated cyclic carbonate (FEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC). The non-aqueous main solvent additive includes 1,3 Propane Sultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), (tris (hexafluoroisopropyl) phosphate (THFP), lithium difluorooxalato borate (LiDFOB), 2-butenenitrile (crotononitrile) 1,3, 6-Hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN).
The silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte is prepared by the following steps:
first, 19 parts by weight in total of lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) were weighed 6 ). Lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide) (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) in this example 6 ) The specific ratio of (A) to (B) is not limited.
And then respectively weighing 24 parts by weight of fluorinated cyclic carbonate (FEC), 24 parts by weight of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and 24 parts by weight of Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) and uniformly mixing to prepare a mixed solution of the non-aqueous main solvent. The lithium agent in a total of 19 parts by weight was added to the mixed solution of the nonaqueous main solvent, and the mixture was stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed solution of the lithium agent and the nonaqueous main solvent.
In this example, specific proportions of 1,3 Propanesultone (PS), vinylene Carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), tris (hexafluoroisopropyl) phosphate (THFP), lithium difluorooxalato borate (liddob)/2-butenenitrile (crotononitrile), 1,3, 6-Hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN), which amount to 9 parts by weight in total, were not limited, but the amount of 1,3 Propanesultone (PS) added should be less than 3 parts by weight, and they were added to the above-mentioned mixed solution of the lithium agent and the nonaqueous main solvent and stirred uniformly to obtain a silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte solution.
Comparative example
A prior art negative electrode electrolyte includes 18 parts by weight of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ) And a total of 82 parts by weight of a nonaqueous main solvent. Wherein the non-aqueous main solvent is a mixed solution of cyclic carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and cyclic carbonate (DEC).
The silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte is prepared by the following steps:
first, 19 parts by weight of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6) in total was weighed, and then 27.3 parts by weight of fluorinated cyclic carbonate (FEC), 27.3 parts by weight of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and 27.3 parts by weight of Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) were weighed and mixed uniformly to prepare a mixed solution of a nonaqueous main solvent. 18 parts by weight of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) described above 6 ) And adding the mixture into the mixed solution of the non-aqueous main solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the cathode electrolyte.
The performance of the silicon-based negative electrode electrolytes of examples 1 to 8 and the negative electrode electrolyte of the comparative example were respectively tested, and the test results are shown in table 1. The silicon-based negative electrode electrolytes of examples 1 to 8 were identical to the negative electrode electrolyte of the comparative example in both the number of cycles at 25 ℃ and the number of cycles at 45 ℃. Since a uniform, dense and stable SEI film can be continuously formed on the negative electrode side, the coulombic efficiency at 25 ℃ of the silicon-based negative electrode electrolytes of examples 1 to 8 is 1.5 times that at 25 ℃ of the negative electrode electrolyte of the comparative example; the 45 ℃ coulombic efficiency of the silicon-based negative electrode electrolytes of examples 1 to 8 is also obviously better than that of the negative electrode electrolyte of the comparative example at 45 ℃. Examples 1-8 the data for each example varied somewhat due to variations in the starting materials, conditions, and variations in the experimenter.
TABLE 1 circulation chart/Performance test summary sheet
Figure BDA0003981468820000131
Figure BDA0003981468820000141
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and many variations in the detailed description and the scope of the application may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A silicon-based anode electrolyte, comprising:
17-20 parts by weight of a lithium agent, wherein the lithium agent comprises at least three of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis (difluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (oxalato) borate and lithium tetrafluoroborate;
70-82.5 parts by weight of a non-aqueous primary solvent;
and 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a nonaqueous main solvent additive.
2. The silicon-based anode electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the non-aqueous primary solvent comprises a fluorinated solvent.
3. The silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the non-aqueous main solvent comprises any one or more of fluoroethyl carbonate, dimethyl fluoro carbonate, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, fluoro adiponitrile, fluoro cyclic carbonate, fluoro methyl ethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and adiponitrile.
4. The silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte of claim 3, wherein the non-aqueous main solvent comprises at least three of fluoroethyl carbonate, dimethyl fluoro carbonate, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, fluoro adiponitrile, fluoro cyclic carbonate, fluoro methyl ethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and adiponitrile.
5. The silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte of claim 4, wherein the non-aqueous primary solvents are added in the same amount.
6. The silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the non-aqueous main solvent additive comprises any one or more of vinylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, 3- (trimethylsiloxy) propionitrile, 2-butenenitrile, 1,3, 6-hexanetricarbonitrile, sulfur-containing heterocyclic borate esters, lithium nitrate, vinyl sulfate, butyl sultone, and fluoro phosphate.
7. The silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte of claim 6, wherein the non-aqueous main solvent additive comprises 1,3 propane sultone, and the 1,3 propane sultone is added in an amount of less than 3 parts by weight.
8. The silicon-based anode electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the lithium agent is lithium bis (difluorosulfonimide), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonimide), and lithium hexafluorophosphate.
9. A method for preparing a silicon-based anode electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
weighing 17-20 parts by weight of lithium agent, then weighing 70-82.5 parts by weight of non-aqueous main solvent, adding the lithium agent into the mixed liquid of the non-aqueous main solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the mixed liquid of the lithium agent and the non-aqueous main solvent; and weighing 0.5-10 parts by weight of the nonaqueous main solvent additive, adding the nonaqueous main solvent additive into the mixed solution of the lithium agent and the nonaqueous main solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte.
10. A lithium ion battery comprising the silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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