CN115750196B - Wind power blade and wind power generator - Google Patents

Wind power blade and wind power generator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115750196B
CN115750196B CN202211461641.8A CN202211461641A CN115750196B CN 115750196 B CN115750196 B CN 115750196B CN 202211461641 A CN202211461641 A CN 202211461641A CN 115750196 B CN115750196 B CN 115750196B
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Prior art keywords
blade
wind power
concave
recesses
recess
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CN115750196A (en
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谢喆
张登刚
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Sinomatech Wind Power Blade Co Ltd
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Sinomatech Wind Power Blade Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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Abstract

The invention discloses a wind power blade and a wind power generator. The wind power blade comprises a blade root, a blade middle part and a blade tip which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the blade, the blade root comprises a pressure surface and a suction surface which are oppositely arranged, at least one of the pressure surface and the suction surface is provided with a plurality of concave parts, and the concave parts are concavely arranged towards the inside of the blade root. According to the wind power blade, the air resistance of the wind power blade is reduced, and the concave part is arranged at the blade root part, so that the influence on the pneumatic lift force of the main acting source of the wind power blade is very small, and the power generation function of the wind power blade is not influenced.

Description

Wind power blade and wind power generator
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and particularly relates to a wind power blade and a wind power generator.
Background
The wind driven generator is an electric power device which converts wind energy into mechanical work and drives a rotor to rotate and finally outputs alternating current. The principle of wind power generation is that wind power is utilized to drive wind power blades to rotate, and then the rotating speed is increased through a speed increaser so as to promote a generator to generate electricity.
The aerodynamic profile design of the wind power blade determines a plurality of economic indexes such as the utilization rate of the blade to wind energy, the manufacturing cost of the blade, the manufacturing cost of the whole machine and the like, and is one of the most important parts of the wind power generator. The blade rotates the in-process and runs into more aerodynamic drag thereby increases each item load of blade, unit, tower section of thick bamboo to increase the manufacturing cost of other spare parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a wind power blade and a wind power generator, which aim to solve the technical problem of high aerodynamic resistance of the existing wind power blade.
The first aspect of the invention provides a wind power blade, which comprises a blade root part, a blade middle part and a blade tip part which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the blade, wherein the blade root part comprises a pressure surface and a suction surface which are oppositely arranged, at least one of the pressure surface and the suction surface is provided with a plurality of concave parts, and the concave parts are concavely arranged towards the inside of the blade root part.
In some embodiments, both the pressure side and the suction side are provided with recesses, the number of recesses of the suction side being greater than the number of recesses of the pressure side.
In some embodiments, the plurality of recesses are each disposed in an area of 100% to 40% of the relative thickness of the root portion of the blade.
In some embodiments, the surface profile of the recess is hemispherical, and the diameter D of the recess and the local chord C of the recess satisfy the following conditions: d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1C.
In some embodiments, the separation distance between any two adjacent recesses is the same as the diameter of each recess.
In some embodiments, the depth H of the recess and the local chord C of the recess satisfy the following conditions: h is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.05C.
In some embodiments, the number of recesses is a plurality, and the plurality of recesses are arranged at intervals along the length direction to form a recess group.
In some embodiments, the number of recesses N per column of recess groups satisfies the following condition: the length L of each row of concave parts and the length M from the root part to the position of 40% relative thickness satisfy the following conditions: l is more than 0 and less than or equal to M.
In some embodiments, the number of sets of recesses is two, the sets of recesses being spaced apart along the chord length of the root of the leaf.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a wind turbine comprising a tower and wind blades according to any of the embodiments described above, the wind blades being rotatably connected to the tower, respectively.
The wind power blade comprises a blade root part, a blade middle part and a blade tip part which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the blade, and because aerodynamic lift force is the only energy source for generating electricity of the wind power blade, the blade middle part and the blade tip part can generate electricity of the wind power blade only by a large amount of aerodynamic lift force, the blade root part mainly bears structural performance, aerodynamic resistance is extremely high, and aerodynamic lift force is extremely low. Moreover, the concave part is arranged at the blade root part and has very little influence on the aerodynamic lift force of the main acting source of the wind power blade, so that the power generation function of the wind power blade is not influenced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a wind blade according to some embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an airfoil at 70% relative thickness of a 90m stage wind blade provided by some embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an airfoil at 70% relative thickness of a prior art 90m stage wind blade;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of airfoil surface flow at 70% relative thickness of a prior art 90m stage wind blade;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of airfoil surface flow at 70% relative thickness for a 90m stage wind blade provided in example 1.
The reference numerals are as follows: wind power blade 100; leaf root 10; leaf middle 20; tip 30; a pressure surface 10a; a suction surface 10b; a recess 11; a concave portion group 110; a length direction X; the chord length direction Y.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous technical effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to examples. It should be understood that the examples described in this specification are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and are not intended to limit the invention.
For simplicity, only a few numerical ranges are explicitly disclosed herein. However, any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form a range not explicitly recited; and any lower limit may be combined with any other lower limit to form a range not explicitly recited, and any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to form a range not explicitly recited. Furthermore, each point or individual value between the endpoints of the range is included within the range, although not explicitly recited. Thus, each point or individual value may be combined as a lower or upper limit on itself with any other point or individual value or with other lower or upper limit to form a range that is not explicitly recited.
In the description herein, it should be noted that unless otherwise indicated, "a number" means one or more than one; "several" means two or more; the terms "above" and "below" are inclusive; the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, for ease of description and simplicity of description, and do not necessarily indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore are not to be construed as limiting herein.
The above summary of the present invention is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the present invention. The following description more particularly exemplifies illustrative embodiments. Guidance is provided throughout this application by a series of embodiments, which may be used in various combinations. In the various examples, the list is merely a representative group and should not be construed as exhaustive.
The aerodynamic profile design of the wind power blade determines a plurality of economic indexes such as the utilization rate of the blade to wind energy, the manufacturing cost of the blade, the manufacturing cost of the whole machine and the like, and is one of the most important parts of the wind power generator. The blade can be divided into three parts of a blade root, a blade middle part and a blade tip according to the distance from the hub. Wherein the blade root provides mainly structural strength and the blade neutralization blade tip provides mainly aerodynamic properties of the blade. The root portion is primarily responsible for providing sufficient structural strength to resist the loads experienced during operation of the blade. Since the structural stiffness is generally proportional to the thickness of the blade, it is often characterized by a greater thickness at the root portion. In the prior art designs of small size (below 60 m), the blade root area is typically very small (within 20%) and therefore does not significantly impact the overall aerodynamic performance of the blade. However, with the implementation of domestic low-price internet policy, factors such as limitation of cost pressure of the whole machine and the like enable the design of large-size blades to be close to prolonging the application range of large-thickness airfoils (about 25%) under the current environment, so that higher structural rigidity is obtained, and the material weight of the blades is reduced. However, the region with larger thickness can not provide the lifting force required by the blade to generate electricity, and on the other hand, more aerodynamic resistance can be provided, so that various loads of the blade, the unit and the tower barrel are increased, and the manufacturing cost of other parts is increased.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a wind blade according to some embodiments of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an airfoil at 70% relative thickness of a 90m stage wind blade according to some embodiments of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1 and 2 in combination, an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention provides a wind power blade 100, including a blade root 10, a blade middle portion 20 and a blade tip portion 30 sequentially disposed along a length direction X of the blade, the blade root 10 includes a pressure surface 10a and a suction surface 10b disposed opposite to each other, at least one of the pressure surface 10a and the suction surface 10b is provided with a plurality of concave portions 11, and the concave portions 11 are concavely disposed toward an inside of the blade root 10.
The length direction X of the wind power blade 100 is the extending direction of the wind power blade 100, and along the length direction X, the wind power blade 100 is divided into three parts, the part connected with the hub is the blade root 10, the end far away from the hub is the blade tip 30, and the middle part between the blade root 10 and the blade tip 30 is the blade middle 20. The pressure surface 10a is a windward surface, the suction surface 10b is a leeward surface, and the concave portion 11 may be provided on the pressure surface 10a or the suction surface 10b of the blade root 10, or the concave portion 11 may be provided on both the pressure surface 10a and the suction surface 10b of the blade root 10. The concave portion 11 is recessed inward from the surface of the blade root portion 10, and the surface profile of the concave portion 11 may be in other shapes such as a hemispherical shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a square shape, a triangular pyramid shape, or a truncated cone shape, and the concave portion 11 provided on the golf ball surface may be referred to.
The bottom element of the aerodynamic design of the wind power blade 100 is an airfoil (a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the leading edge or a 1/4 chord length point connection, also called an airfoil section or a blade section), and the wind power blade 100 can be considered to be formed by stacking innumerable airfoils in the length direction X, and since the airfoil thickness of the root 10 (the length of each point on the chord length of the airfoil, which is taken by the airfoil profile line perpendicular to the chord length), is large, and the operating attack angle is high (typically above 10 deg), the flow characteristics of the wind power blade are different from those of thin airfoils, and are more similar to the characteristics of cylindrical bypass flow. Since aerodynamic lift is the only energy source for generating electricity by the wind power blade 100, a large amount of aerodynamic lift is required for the wind power blade 100 by the blade middle part 20 and the blade tip 30, the blade root 10 mainly bears structural performance, aerodynamic resistance is extremely high, and aerodynamic lift is extremely low, the blade root 10 comprises a pressure surface 10a and a suction surface 10b which are oppositely arranged, the concave parts 11 are arranged in at least one of the pressure surface 10a and the suction surface 10b, the concave parts 11 are concavely arranged towards the inside of the blade root 10, when airflow flows, a vortex structure independently appears in the concave parts 11, and under the influence of the vortex structure, the wing surface can form a structure similar to an aerodynamic protective film to avoid external flow and wall surface direct contact, so that the friction between the original wing surface aerodynamic and the wall surface is converted into the friction between gas and air to reduce the aerodynamic resistance. This principle is completely consistent with the principle of aerodynamic drag reduction of golf ball surface dimples. The present invention reduces the air resistance of the wind power blade 100. The provision of the concave portion 11 at the blade root portion 10 has very little influence on the aerodynamic lift of the main power source of the wind turbine blade 100, and therefore does not affect the power generation function of the wind turbine blade 100.
The concave portion 11 is preferably provided on the suction surface 10b, and it has been proved by numerical simulation that the air resistance of the wind turbine blade 100 can be significantly reduced.
In some embodiments, both the pressure surface 10a and the suction surface 10b are provided with recesses 11, the number of recesses 11 of the suction surface 10b being greater than the number of recesses 11 of the pressure surface 10 a. According to the embodiment, the concave parts 11 are arranged on the two side surfaces of the blade root 10, so that aerodynamic resistance is reduced, and on the premise of ensuring structural strength, more concave parts 11 are arranged on the suction surface 10b, so that the aerodynamic resistance of the wind power blade 100 can be reduced to the greatest extent.
In some embodiments, the plurality of recesses 11 are each disposed in an area of 100% to 40% of the relative thickness of the root portion 10. The relative thickness refers to the ratio of the maximum thickness to the chord length of the airfoil, wherein the thickness of the airfoil is the length of the straight line segment between the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil perpendicular to the chord. The chord length is the length from the leading edge point to the trailing edge point of the wind power blade 100. In the embodiment, the area with the relative thickness of 100% -40% of the wind power blade 100 is taken as the blade root 10, the concave part 11 can be arranged in the area according to specific conditions, so that aerodynamic resistance of the wind power blade 100 can be reduced, aerodynamic lift force is not influenced, and overall aerodynamic performance of the wind power blade 100 is ensured.
In some embodiments, the surface profile of the recess 11 is hemispherical, and the diameter D of the recess 11 and the local chord C of the recess 11 satisfy the following conditions: d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1C. Since the recess 11 is in a hemispherical groove shape, the diameter D of the recess 11 refers to the diameter of the opening of the recess 11, for example, the diameter D of the recess 11 is the diameter of the opening of the semicircle when the recess 11 is semicircular along the plane of the airfoil. The surface profile of the concave part 11 is hemispherical, the surface is smooth, the aerodynamic drag is small, and the diameter D of the concave part 11 is limited, so that the structural strength of the blade root 10 can be prevented from being damaged due to the overlarge diameter of the concave part 11, and the problem that the aerodynamic drag is reduced to a limited extent due to the overlarge diameter of the concave part 11 can be avoided.
In some embodiments, the separation distance between any two adjacent recesses 11 is the same as the diameter of each recess 11. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the diameter of each concave portion 11 is set to be the same, and the interval distance between any two adjacent concave portions 11 is set to be the same as the diameter of each concave portion 11, so that the wind turbine blade 100 is uniformly arranged, and is beneficial to positioning on the surface of the blade in the production process of the wind turbine blade, and improves the production efficiency.
In some embodiments, the depth H of the recess 11 and the local chord C of the recess 11 satisfy the following conditions: h is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.05C. The depth H of the recess 11 refers to the maximum vertical distance from the bottom of the recess 11 to the opening, for example, the surface contour of the recess 11 is hemispherical in the figure, and the depth H of the recess 11 is indicated by a symbol in the figure. The local chord length is the length from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the cross-section of the wind power blade 100, and after the spanwise location is determined, the chord length at the spanwise location is referred to as the local chord length. The present embodiment can ensure that the air resistance of the wind power blade 100 is reduced without damaging the structural strength of the blade root 10 of the wind power blade 100 by defining the depth H of the recess 11.
In some embodiments, the number of the concave portions 11 is plural, and the plurality of concave portions 11 are arranged at intervals in the length direction X to form the concave portion group 110. The plurality of concave parts 11 in the concave part group 110 are arranged in a row along the length direction X, so that the aerodynamic resistance of the wind power blade 100 can be reduced to the maximum extent, and the process and the manufacture are facilitated. In other embodiments, the plurality of recesses 11 may also be formed in a circular, oval, or other irregular shape.
In some embodiments, the number N of recesses 11 per column of recess groups 110 satisfies the following condition: 1 < N is less than or equal to 200, and the length L of each row of concave parts 110 and the length M from the root part to the position of 40% relative thickness meet the following conditions: l is more than 0 and less than or equal to M. The "length of the blade root to 40% relative thickness position" means: the end of the blade root away from the blade tip is up to a length of the wind power blade at a position of 40% relative thickness. By defining the number N of each row of concave portion groups 110 and the length L of each row of concave portion groups 110, the air resistance of the wind power blade 100 can be reduced, and the structural strength of the blade root 10 of the wind power blade 100 can not be damaged.
In some embodiments, the number of the concave portion groups 110 is two, and the concave portion groups 110 in two rows are distributed at intervals along the chord length direction Y of the blade root 10, so that aerodynamic drag of the wind turbine blade 100 can be further reduced. The surface profile of the concave parts 11 can be hemispherical, and the interval distance between the two rows of concave part groups 110 is set to be the same as the diameter of each concave part 11, so that the positioning on the surface of the blade in the production process of the wind power blade 100 is facilitated, and the production efficiency is improved.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a wind turbine comprising a tower and wind turbine blades 100 according to any of the embodiments described above, wherein a plurality of wind turbine blades 100 are rotatably connected to the tower, respectively. Because the wind driven generator adopts all the technical schemes of all the embodiments, the wind driven generator at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical schemes of the embodiments, and the description is omitted herein.
Examples
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application are described. The embodiments described below are exemplary only for the purpose of illustrating the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
Example 1
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an airfoil at 70% relative thickness of a 90m stage wind turbine blade according to embodiment 1, and fig. 3 is a schematic view of an airfoil at 70% relative thickness of a 90m stage wind turbine blade according to the prior art. Starting from BEM (Blade Element Momentum theory, calculated by the phyllin momentum method) theory, the design method of the concave portion 11 of the wind power blade 100 of embodiment 1 at the blade root can be simplified to the aerodynamic performance impact of the concave portion 11 on the two-dimensional airfoil. Example 1 an airfoil profile at 70% relative thickness of a 90m stage wind blade was simulated, the profile of which is shown in figure 2. The BEM is a basic criterion for the aerodynamic design of a wind power blade 100, which splits the blade into numerous mutually independent two-dimensional sections, the aerodynamic performance of which is determined jointly by these two-dimensional sections.
To illustrate the role of the recess 11 in reducing aerodynamic drag, a larger recess 11 size is taken as a schematic illustration. Two large-size concave parts 11 are designed near the tail of the airfoil suction surface 10b, the diameter D of the concave parts 11 is about 0.1 chord length, and the depth H is about 0.02 chord length.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of airfoil surface flow at 70% relative thickness of a prior art 90m stage wind blade; FIG. 5 is a schematic view of airfoil surface flow at 70% relative thickness for a 90m stage wind blade provided in example 1. Referring to fig. 4 and 5 in combination, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics ) simulation is performed on two-dimensional airfoils, respectively, according to BEM at actual operating conditions, where the reynolds number of the airfoil region is about 3500000, CFD being a method of numerically simulating fluid flow for computational fluid dynamics. The original smooth airfoil surface streamline distribution is shown in FIG. 4 at 20 deg. of attack for the typical operation of a large thickness airfoil. It can be seen that the large thickness airfoil has poor resistance to flow separation, and therefore a large range of separation shedding vortices are present on the suction side 10b, which is low in velocity, high in pressure, and has a large gas friction resistance, and is therefore a major source of aerodynamic resistance.
The modified concave portion 11 airfoil streamline condition is shown in fig. 5. It can be seen that the recess 11 is not significantly improved for the separation flow. However, a vortex structure independently appears in the concave part 11, and under the influence of the vortex structure, the surface of the airfoil can form a structure similar to a pneumatic protection film to avoid external flow from directly contacting with the wall surface, so that the friction between the original airfoil surface and the wall surface is converted into the friction between gases to reduce the pneumatic resistance. This principle is completely consistent with the principle of aerodynamic drag reduction of golf ball surface dimples. According to the calculation results, the original airfoil drag coefficient was 0.189 at 20deg, while the drag coefficient was reduced to 0.139 after the recess 11 was added, with a reduction of 26.3%.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. The wind power blade is characterized by comprising a blade root part, a blade middle part and a blade tip part which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the blade, wherein the blade root part comprises a pressure surface and a suction surface which are oppositely arranged, at least one of the pressure surface and the suction surface is provided with a plurality of concave parts, and the concave parts are concavely arranged towards the inside of the blade root part; wherein the concave part is only arranged at the blade root part, and the concave part is not arranged at the middle part of the blade and the blade tip part;
the surface profile of the concave part is hemispherical, and the diameter D of the concave part and the local chord length C of the concave part meet the following conditions: d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1C.
2. Wind power blade according to claim 1, wherein the pressure surface and the suction surface are each provided with the recesses, the number of recesses of the suction surface being larger than the number of recesses of the pressure surface.
3. A wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of recesses are provided in regions having a relative thickness of the blade root portion of 100% to 40%, respectively.
4. A wind power blade according to claim 1, wherein the distance between any two adjacent recesses is the same as the diameter of each recess.
5. Wind power blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth H of the recess and the local chord C of the recess fulfill the following conditions: h is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.05C.
6. A wind power blade according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the number of recesses is a plurality, and wherein a plurality of the recesses are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction to form a recess group.
7. The wind blade of claim 6, wherein the number of recesses N of each column of the recess group satisfies the condition: and N is more than 1 and less than or equal to 200, and the length L of each concave part group and the length M from the root part to the position of 40% relative thickness meet the following conditions: l is more than 0 and less than or equal to M.
8. The wind turbine blade of claim 6, wherein the number of the concave groups is two, and the concave groups are spaced apart along the chord length direction of the blade root.
9. A wind power generator, comprising:
a tower; and
a plurality of wind power blades according to any of claims 1-8, each of said plurality of wind power blades being rotatably connected to said tower.
CN202211461641.8A 2022-11-17 2022-11-17 Wind power blade and wind power generator Active CN115750196B (en)

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CN202381394U (en) * 2011-11-29 2012-08-15 区觉晖 Adjustable fan blade
CN103410656A (en) * 2013-08-13 2013-11-27 河海大学常州校区 Wind turbine blade with transition delay control on blade root portion
CN209687653U (en) * 2019-02-14 2019-11-26 内蒙古新锦风力发电有限公司 A kind of wind generator set blade
CN214404097U (en) * 2020-12-18 2021-10-15 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 Wind wheel, fan and air conditioner

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2513396T3 (en) * 2010-03-18 2014-10-27 Nordex Energy Gmbh Rotor blade of wind power plant
IES20120347A2 (en) * 2012-08-09 2013-03-27 New World Energy Entpr Ltd Aerofoil blades

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202381394U (en) * 2011-11-29 2012-08-15 区觉晖 Adjustable fan blade
CN103410656A (en) * 2013-08-13 2013-11-27 河海大学常州校区 Wind turbine blade with transition delay control on blade root portion
CN209687653U (en) * 2019-02-14 2019-11-26 内蒙古新锦风力发电有限公司 A kind of wind generator set blade
CN214404097U (en) * 2020-12-18 2021-10-15 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 Wind wheel, fan and air conditioner

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