CN115749985A - Seasonal parameter-varying operation method for back-extraction type steam turbine - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seasonal parameter-variable operation method of a steam extraction back-pressure turbine, which comprises the following steps of: 1) Starting a variable parameter operation mode, and reducing the main steam pressure at the outlet of the boiler from the rated pressure of the boiler to the variable parameter operation pressure of the boiler; 2) Opening a stop valve, and sending a part of main steam to a section of industrial heat user through an auxiliary industrial steam supply pipeline after the main steam is set to a section of industrial rated heat supply pressure by a temperature and pressure reducer; 3) The other part of main steam enters a steam turbine to expand and do work, and then a part of steam is extracted through a steam extraction pipeline and sent to a two-section industrial heat user, wherein the steam extraction pressure is the rated heating pressure of the two-section industrial heat supply and is controlled by an industrial steam extraction regulating valve; 4) The residual steam is expanded in the turbine to low exhaust pressure and sent to overflow device, steam absorber or desalted water heater via exhaust pipeline for discharge or recovery. The minimum long-term stable operation load of the unit can be reduced to 10 percent of rated load or even lower, and the operation range of the steam turbine is greatly expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of back pressure steam turbine combined heat and power supply, in particular to a back extraction steam turbine seasonal parameter change operation method.
Background
The back-extraction type steam turbine is common combined heat and power equipment, can provide steam and electric energy for industrial production at the same time, and has the load determined by the steam demand of heat users, wherein the larger the heat supply is, the higher the unit load is; the lower the reverse. According to the general characteristics of the steam turbine, the range of long-term continuous operation of the unit is 30% -100% of rated load. If the load is too low, the unit can not normally and continuously operate.
For an industrial park adopting a back-extraction steam turbine for central heating, a plurality of enterprises needing steam can be available in the park, the production of part of the enterprises has strong seasonality, such as sugar pressing, heating and the like, the demand of the enterprises on the steam is in a full load state in the production season, and the demand of the enterprises on the steam is directly reduced to zero in the non-production season. In addition, some enterprises may take strategic production reduction or temporarily forced to stop production due to market reasons such as price fluctuation of products or raw materials, trade war, etc., or even political reasons. These factors, when added together, can cause the thermal load of the thermal power plant to drop significantly, even below the minimum load that the turbine can withstand, causing the turbine to shut down.
For the thermal power plant, the steam turbine can not normally operate, can not normally supply heat and generate electricity, but other enterprises in the park still have useful steam demands, if can not meet the demands of the opposite side, according to the contract constraint, will face huge compensation. Therefore, the thermal power plant can only supply steam in a mode of reducing temperature and pressure of the boiler, and self service power needs to be purchased from a power grid, so that greater economic loss is borne.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a seasonal variable parameter operation method of a back-extraction type steam turbine, which can reduce the minimum long-term stable operation load of a unit to 10% of rated load or even lower and greatly expand the operation range of the steam turbine.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows: a seasonal parameter-varying operation method of a steam extraction back-pressure steam turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Starting a variable parameter operation mode, and reducing the main steam pressure at the outlet of the boiler from the rated pressure of the boiler to the variable parameter operation pressure of the boiler;
2) Opening a stop valve, and after a part of main steam is set to a section of industrial rated heat supply pressure by a temperature and pressure reducer, sending the main steam to a section of industrial heat user through an auxiliary industrial steam supply pipeline;
3) The other part of the main steam enters a steam turbine to expand and do work, and then a part of the steam is extracted through a steam extraction pipeline and sent to a two-section industrial heat user, wherein the steam extraction pressure is the rated heat supply pressure of the two-section industrial heat supply and is controlled by an industrial steam extraction regulating valve;
4) The residual steam is expanded in the turbine to low exhaust pressure and sent to overflow device, steam absorber or desalted water heater via exhaust pipeline for discharge or recovery.
When the variable parameters are operated, the main steam pressure at the outlet of the boiler is selected according to the following conditions:
P 0 ≥P 0 ’≥P 1 said P is 0 ’=（1.2～1.5）P 1 ；
Wherein: p 0 -boiler nominal pressure; p is 0 ' -boiler variable parameter operating pressure; p is 1 Nominal extraction pressure (section of industrial nominal heating pressure).
When the variable parameters are operated, the temperature of main steam at the outlet of the boiler is selected according to the following conditions:
T 0 ’= T 1 +（50℃～100℃）；
wherein: t is 0 ' -variable parameter operating temperature of the boiler; t is a unit of 1 -nominal extraction temperature.
When the variable parameters are operated, the low exhaust pressure P 3 The requirement of the strength of the end leaves is considered, and under the condition of the allowable strength of the end leaves, P is added 3 The value range is 0.12MPa.a to 0.15MPa.a.
When the variable parameters are operated, in order to ensure that the last leaf does not blow air, the final steam discharge flow determining method comprises the following steps:
G 3 ≥G 3min wherein G is 3min = 0.5*G 2 *P 3 /P 2 ；
Wherein: g 3 Low exhaust steam flow, G 3min Minimum safety flow to ensure no blowing of the last leaf, G 2 Two-stage industrial rated heating flow, P 3 -the low pressure of the exhaust steam,P 2 -nominal exhaust pressure (second stage industrial nominal heating pressure).
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
1. compared with the conventional back pressure turbine which can only operate at the load of more than 30%, the minimum long-term stable operation load of the unit can be reduced to 10% rated load or even lower by means of reducing steam inlet and outlet parameters of the unit, controlling the volume flow of the exhausted steam, recovering or overflowing a small amount of steam and the like, and the operation range of the turbine is greatly expanded.
2. Under the condition that the heat load is greatly reduced, the unit can still be put into operation. Compared with a steam supply mode of reducing temperature and pressure of a boiler, the method can effectively improve the economy and reduce the loss of the thermal power plant.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of heat supply for a back-extraction steam turbine under design parameters;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of heat supply of a back-extraction steam turbine under variable parameter conditions;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a thermodynamic system according to an embodiment of a design condition of a thermal power plant;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment thermal power plant variable parameter operation thermodynamic system.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1-boiler, 2-steam turbine, 3-steam extraction pipeline (one section industrial heat supply pipeline), 4-steam exhaust pipeline (two sections industrial heat supply pipeline), 5-stop valve, 6-temperature and pressure reducing device, 7-auxiliary industrial steam supply pipeline, 8-industrial steam extraction regulating valve, P 0 Rated boiler pressure, T 0 Rated temperature of boiler, P 0 ' -variable parameter operating pressure of boiler, T 0 ' -variable parameter operating temperature of boiler, P 1 Rated extraction pressure (section of industrial rated heating pressure), T 1 Nominal extraction temperature (section of industrial nominal heating temperature), P 2 Rated exhaust pressure (two-stage industrial rated heating pressure), G 2 Rated exhaust steam flow (two-stage industrial rated heating flow), P 3 Low exhaust pressure, G 3 Low exhaust steam flow, G 3min Minimum safety flow to ensure that the last leaf does not blow air.
Detailed Description
1. As shown in fig. 1, the unit operates under normal conditions:
1) Boiler 1 outlet main steam pressure is design pressure boiler rated pressure P 0 ；
2) The stop valve 5 is closed, and main steam directly enters the steam turbine 2 from the boiler 1;
3) The steam expands in the steam turbine to do work, then part of the steam is extracted through a steam extraction pipeline (a section of industrial heat supply pipeline) 3 and sent to a section of industrial heat user, and the steam extraction pressure is rated steam extraction pressure (a section of industrial rated heat supply pressure) P 1 Controlled by an industrial steam extraction regulating valve 8;
4) The residual steam is continuously expanded in the steam turbine to the back pressure rated exhaust steam pressure (two-stage industrial rated heating pressure) P 2 And sent to a secondary industrial heat consumer through a steam exhaust pipeline (a secondary industrial heat supply pipeline) 4.
2. When the thermal load is suddenly reduced, and the unit cannot normally operate according to the design parameters, a variable parameter operation method as shown in fig. 2 can be adopted:
1) Reducing the main steam pressure at the outlet of the boiler 1 to the variable-parameter operating pressure P of the boiler 0 ’；
2) The stop valve 5 is opened, and a part of main steam is set to the rated extraction pressure (one-section industrial rated heating pressure) P by the temperature and pressure reducer 6 1 Then, the steam is sent to a section of industrial hot users through an auxiliary industrial steam supply pipeline 7;
3) The other part of the main steam enters a steam turbine 2 to do work through expansion, and then part of the steam is extracted through a steam extraction pipeline (a first section of industrial heat supply pipeline) 3 and sent to a second section of industrial heat user, wherein the steam extraction pressure is rated exhaust steam pressure (a second section of industrial rated heat supply pressure) P 2 Controlled by an industrial steam extraction regulating valve 8;
4) The residual steam is expanded continuously in the turbine to a low exhaust pressure P 3 And is sent to an overflow device, a steam absorber, a desalted water heater and other devices for discharging or recycling through a steam discharging pipeline (two-stage industrial heat supply pipeline) 4.
3. When the variable parameters are operated, the steam pressure at the outlet of the boiler is selected according to the following conditions:
P 0 ≥P 0 ’≥P 1 pressure of industrial heating in one stage, recommendation P 0 ’=（1.2～1.5）P 1 。
Wherein: p 0 -boiler nominal pressure; p is 0 ' -boiler variable parameter operating pressure; p 1 Nominal extraction pressure (section of industrial nominal heating pressure).
4. When the variable parameters are operated, the steam temperature at the outlet of the boiler is selected according to the following conditions:
T 0 ’= T 1 +（50℃～100℃）。
wherein: t is a unit of 0 ' -variable parameter operating temperature of boiler; t is a unit of 1 -nominal extraction temperature.
5. Low exhaust pressure P during variable parameter operation 3 The strength of the end leaves is required to be considered, and the low steam discharge pressure P is ensured under the condition of the allowable strength of the end leaves 3 The suggested value range is 0.12MPa.a-0.15MPa.a;
6. when the variable parameters are operated, in order to ensure that the last blade does not blast air, the final steam discharge flow G is low 3 The determination method of (2) is as follows:
G 3 ≥G 3min wherein G is 3min = 0.5*G 2 *P 3 /P 2 。
Wherein: g 3 Low exhaust gas flow, G 3min Minimum safety flow to ensure no blowing of the last leaf, G 2 Two-stage industrial rated heating flow, P 3 Low exhaust pressure, P 2 Rated exhaust pressure (two-stage industrial rated heating pressure).
7. The thermodynamic system shown in the above drawings is only for explaining the principle of variable parameter operation, and the change of the thermodynamic system, such as increasing the heat recovery, etc., does not affect the claimed invention;
8. the seasonal nature of the invention not only refers to natural seasons, but also includes production seasons, non-production seasons, slack seasons, vigorous seasons and the like.
9. The feasibility and the practical value of the invention are illustrated by the following operating examples of a certain thermal power plant:
description of the units in the figures: p-pressure, MPa.a; t-temperature, DEG C; g, flow rate, t/h; h-enthalpy, kJ/kg
As shown in figure 3, under the design condition of a certain thermal power plant, the main steam parameters are 10.5MPa.a, 565 ℃, the steam admission quantity is 470t/h, the first-stage industrial thermal user steam is 3.8MPa.a, 120t/h, the second-stage industrial thermal user steam is 1.3MPa.a, 350t/h, and the unit output is 55233kW.
Due to the fact that the capacity of the downstream heat users is reduced, the steam consumption of the first-stage industrial heat users is reduced to 30t/h, and the steam consumption of the second-stage industrial heat users is reduced to 50t/h. Because the steam volume is too little, and the load is extremely low, according to the unable normal operating of original design parameter steam turbine, the field can only adopt the mode of boiler temperature reduction decompression to directly supply heat to the outside, still needs to purchase the electricity in order to satisfy the station service power demand simultaneously, and the electricity cost of purchasing every month exceeds million, and the oil operation need be thrown to the boiler occasionally in addition, and the steam power plant has born very big economic loss.
As shown in fig. 4, after the variable parameter operation method of the present invention is adopted, the boiler outlet pressure ranges from 3.8mpa.a x (1.2-1.5) = 4.56-5.7 mpa.a, the temperature ranges from 420.7 ℃ + (50 ℃ -100 ℃) = 470.7-520.7 ℃, which are set as 5.0mpa.a and 480 ℃, the evaporation capacity is 103t/h, wherein 30t/h is directly supplied to a section of industrial thermal user after temperature and pressure reduction; the pressure of an original steam extraction pipeline (a first section of industrial heat supply pipeline) of the steam turbine is reduced to 1.3MPa, and the original steam extraction pipeline is used for providing 50t/h of second section industrial heat user steam supply; the exhaust pressure is reduced to 0.12MPa.a, the exhaust amount is 23t/h, and the minimum safety flow for ensuring no blast air at the end leaves is G 3min And (4) the steam discharge amount is not less than 350 multiplied by 0.5 multiplied by 0.12/1.3=16.15t/h, and the safety requirement is met. The exhausted steam is sent to a demineralized water heater for heating the demineralized water which is fed back to the system. The unit output is 3570kW.
After the variable-parameter operation is adopted, the steam inlet quantity of the steam turbine is reduced to 15.5% of the design value, the power is reduced to 6.46% of the design value, the limit is far lower than the conventional limit of about 30% at the lowest, and the unit operation range is greatly expanded. Under the state, the unit can meet the requirement of industrial steam, simultaneously solves the requirement of station service power, and recovers economic loss for the thermal power plant to a greater extent.
Claims (5)
1. A seasonal parameter-variable operation method of an extraction back-pressure steam turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Starting a variable parameter operation mode, and reducing the main steam pressure at the outlet of the boiler from the rated pressure of the boiler to the variable parameter operation pressure of the boiler;
2) Opening a stop valve, and sending a part of main steam to a section of industrial heat user through an auxiliary industrial steam supply pipeline after the main steam is set to a section of industrial rated heat supply pressure by a temperature and pressure reducer;
3) The other part of the main steam enters a steam turbine to expand and do work, and then a part of the steam is extracted through a steam extraction pipeline and sent to a two-section industrial heat user, wherein the steam extraction pressure is the rated heat supply pressure of the two-section industrial heat supply and is controlled by an industrial steam extraction regulating valve;
4) The residual steam is expanded in the turbine to low exhaust pressure and sent to overflow device, steam absorber or desalted water heater via exhaust pipeline for discharge or recovery.
2. The seasonal variable parameter operation method of the extraction back pressure turbine according to claim 1, wherein: when the variable parameters operate, the main steam pressure at the outlet of the boiler is selected according to the following conditions:
P 0 ≥P 0 ’≥P 1 said P is 0 ’=（1.2～1.5）P 1 ；
Wherein: p 0 -boiler nominal pressure; p 0 ' -boiler variable parameter operating pressure; p is 1 -a section of industrial rated heating pressure.
3. The seasonal variable parameter operation method of the extraction back pressure turbine according to claim 1, wherein: when the variable parameters are operated, the temperature of main steam at the outlet of the boiler is selected according to the following conditions:
T 0 ’= T 1 +（50℃～100℃）；
wherein: t is a unit of 0 ' -variable parameter operating temperature of boiler; t is a unit of 1 -nominal extraction temperature.
4. The extracted steam back pressure turbine of claim 1 seasonally varyingA method of operating parameters, characterized by: when the variable parameters are operated, the low exhaust pressure P 3 The requirement of the strength of the end leaves is considered, and under the condition of the allowable strength of the end leaves, P is added 3 The value range is 0.12MPa.a-0.15MPa.a.
5. The seasonal variable parameter operation method of the extraction back pressure turbine according to claim 1, wherein: when the variable parameters are operated, in order to ensure that the last leaf does not blow air, the final steam discharge flow determining method comprises the following steps:
G 3 ≥G 3min wherein G is 3min = 0.5*G 2 *P 3 /P 2 ；
Wherein: g 3 Low exhaust steam flow, G 3min Minimum safety flow to ensure no blowing of the last leaf, G 2 Two-stage industrial rated heat supply flow, P 3 Low exhaust pressure, P 2 Two-stage industrial rated heating pressure.
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