CN115747589A - Ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.8 to 2.2 weight percent of Cu1.8; mg1.9-2.2 wt%; zn9.0-9.5 wt%; zr0.11-0.13 wt%; the balance of Al; wherein the mass ratio of Zn to Mg is 4.0-5.3. The application also provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy provided by the application adopts a specific alloy proportion, and through multiple means such as micro-alloying, deformation and heat treatment, precipitation and distribution of a strengthening phase in the alloy are controlled, so that the density of the strengthening phase in the alloy is improved, the strengthening phase of the alloy stably exists, and the strength and the corrosion resistance of the alloy are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to an ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The 7XXX series high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy has the characteristics of high specific strength, good processing performance and the like, and becomes a key material in the fields of aerospace, marine ships, oil drilling and the like.
The existing 7XXX series aluminum alloy material has the characteristics of high strength and poor corrosion resistance, so that the application field of high-strength aluminum alloy is limited, and the development of the aluminum alloy material with high strength and good corrosion resistance which are simultaneously matched is necessary to meet the requirements in the fields of aerospace, offshore oil platforms and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy with high strength and good corrosion resistance and a preparation method thereof.
In view of the above, the present application provides an ultra-high strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, which comprises, by mass:
the balance of Al;
wherein the mass ratio of Zn to Mg is 4.0-5.3.
Preferably, the Zn/Mg mass ratio is 4.3 to 5.0.
The application also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
a) The aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy is prepared by mixing the components according to the composition ratio, and the obtained mixture is smelted and cast to obtain an ingot;
b) Carrying out two-stage homogenization treatment on the cast ingot, cooling and then carrying out thermal deformation to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded pipe;
c) Carrying out single-stage solution treatment on the aluminum alloy pipe, and then carrying out water quenching;
d) Carrying out two-stage aging treatment on the aluminum alloy pipe obtained in the step C), and cooling to obtain an aluminum alloy pipe;
in the step B), the two-stage homogenization treatment specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, keeping the temperature of the obtained cast ingot at 380-420 ℃ for 8-12 h, and then keeping the temperature at 460-480 ℃ for 48-70 h;
in the step C), the temperature of the single-stage solution treatment is 460-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 150-200 min;
in the step D), the two-stage aging treatment specifically comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy pipe obtained in the step C) is firstly insulated for 6 to 8 hours at the temperature of between 100 and 150 ℃ and then insulated for 5 to 10 hours at the temperature of between 150 and 180 ℃.
Preferably, the thermal deformation mode is hot extrusion, the temperature of the hot extrusion is 430-460 ℃, and the extrusion coefficient is 13-16.
Preferably, the two-stage homogenization treatment is more specifically: the obtained cast ingot is firstly insulated for 10 hours at 400 ℃ and then insulated for 60 hours at 465-475 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the single-stage solution treatment is 465-475 ℃, and the holding time is 160-200 min.
Preferably, the two-stage aging treatment specifically comprises: the aluminum alloy pipe obtained in the step C) is firstly insulated for 6 to 8 hours at 105 to 125 ℃ and then insulated for 5 to 10 hours at 150 to 170 ℃.
Preferably, in the step B), the cooling mode is furnace cooling to room temperature.
Preferably, in the step C), the cooling water temperature of the water quenching is 20-40 ℃.
Preferably, in the step D), the cooling mode is air cooling.
The application provides an ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, which specifically comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.8 to 2.2 weight percent of Cu1.8; mg1.9-2.2 wt%; zn9.0-9.5 wt%; zr0.11-0.13 wt%; the balance of Al; wherein the mass ratio of Zn to Mg is 4.0-5.3. The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy provided by the application adopts a micro-alloying method to add Zr into an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy system to form Al 3 Zr is dispersed to strengthen the particles, so that the alloy strength is effectively improved; further, the Zn/Mg ratio is an important parameter for alloy design, for eta (MgZn) 2 ) The formation and the quantity of the strengthening phase and the T (AlZnMgCu) strengthening phase play a key role, and simultaneously, the contents of various elements are matched, so that the corrosion resistance of the obtained aluminum alloy is higher.
Meanwhile, the application also provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy obtained by processing the ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy through the working procedures of extrusion, solid solution, cold deformation, aging and the like has the following characteristics: the tensile strength can reach 630MPa at room temperature, the yield strength can reach 600MPa, the elongation is more than 8.0%, the alloy pipe has good mechanical properties, and the spalling corrosion performance of the alloy pipe can reach EA level and has good corrosion resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic photograph of an as-cast structure obtained in step (1) of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic photograph of an extruded structure of the alloy tube obtained in step (3) of example 2.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.
In view of the problem that the strength and the corrosion resistance of the 7-series aluminum alloy in the prior art cannot be well compatible, the application provides a novel high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, which adopts a specific alloy proportion, controls the precipitation and distribution of a strengthening phase in the alloy through multiple means such as microalloying, deformation, heat treatment and the like, improves the density of the strengthening phase in the alloy, enables the strengthening phase to stably exist, and improves the strength and the corrosion resistance of the alloy; by utilizing the synergistic effect of the elements, the corrosion resistance of the alloy is obviously improved under the condition of not reducing the mechanical property of the alloy, the obtained aluminum alloy has the anti-stripping corrosion grade of more than EA grade (according to GB/T22639-2008), and can be used as materials of aerospace, marine oil pipes, marine oil platforms and the like. Specifically, the embodiment of the invention discloses an ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the balance of Al;
wherein the mass ratio of Zn to Mg is 4.0-5.3.
In the aluminum alloy provided by the application, eta (MgZn) 2 ) The phase and the T (AlZnMgCu) phase are used as important strengthening phases of the aluminum alloy and have extremely important strengthening effect on the mechanical property of the alloy, wherein the Zn/Mg ratio ensures that the formation and the quantity of the two strengthening phases reach the maximumGood matching is achieved, thereby facilitating the improvement of the strength of the aluminum alloy.
Zr is favorable for forming Al 3 The Zr content is 0.11-0.13 wt%, more specifically 0.11wt%, 0.12wt% or 0.13wt%, and the Zr content is favorable for improving the quantity and dispersion distribution degree of the dispersion strengthening particles, so that the strength of the aluminum alloy is improved.
In the present application, the Cu content is 1.8 to 2.2wt%, specifically, the Cu content is 1.8wt%, 1.9wt%, 2.0wt%, 2.1wt%, or 2.2wt%.
The Mg content is 1.9 to 2.2wt%, specifically, 1.9wt%, 2.0wt%, 2.1wt%, or 2.2wt%.
The Zn content is 9.0 to 9.5wt%, specifically 9.0wt%, 9.1wt%, 9.2wt%, 9.3wt%, 9.4wt%, or 9.5wt%.
The application also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
a) Proportioning according to the component proportion of the aluminum alloy, and smelting and pouring the obtained mixture to obtain an ingot;
b) Carrying out two-stage homogenization treatment on the cast ingot, cooling and then carrying out thermal deformation to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded pipe;
c) Carrying out single-stage solution treatment on the aluminum alloy pipe, and then carrying out water quenching;
d) Carrying out two-stage aging treatment on the aluminum alloy pipe obtained in the step C), and cooling to obtain an aluminum alloy pipe;
in the step B), the two-stage homogenization treatment specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, keeping the temperature of the obtained cast ingot at 380-420 ℃ for 8-12 h, and then keeping the temperature at 460-480 ℃ for 50-70 h;
in the step C), the temperature of the single-stage solution treatment is 460-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 150-200 min;
in the step D), the two-stage aging treatment specifically comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy pipe obtained in the step C) is firstly insulated for 6 to 8 hours at the temperature of between 100 and 150 ℃ and then insulated for 5 to 10 hours at the temperature of between 150 and 180 ℃.
In the preparation process of the aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy is firstly prepared according to the content of the components, and then is smelted and cast according to a method well known by the technical personnel in the field, so that an ingot is obtained.
According to the method, the obtained cast ingot is subjected to two-stage homogenization treatment, and is cooled and thermally deformed by a hot extrusion process to obtain a hot extrusion pipe; in this process, the two-stage homogenization treatment specifically comprises: firstly, preserving the heat of the obtained cast ingot at 380-420 ℃ for 8-12 h, and then preserving the heat at 460-480 ℃ for 48-70 h; more specifically, the obtained cast ingot is firstly kept at 400 ℃ for 10h and then kept at 465-475 ℃ for 60h. The temperature of the hot extrusion is 430-460 ℃, and the extrusion coefficient is 13-16.
According to the invention, the obtained hot extrusion pipe is subjected to single-stage solution treatment and then water quenching; the temperature of the single-stage solution treatment is 460-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 150-200 min; more specifically, the temperature of the single-stage solution treatment is 465-475 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 160-200 min. The water quenching adopts cooling water for quenching, and the temperature of the cooling water is 20-40 ℃.
According to the invention, the obtained aluminum alloy pipe is subjected to two-stage aging treatment and cooled to obtain the aluminum alloy. In the process, the two-stage aging treatment specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, preserving the heat of the obtained aluminum alloy pipe for 6-8 h at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, and then preserving the heat for 5-10 h at the temperature of 150-180 ℃; more specifically: the aluminum alloy pipe is firstly insulated for 6 to 8 hours at 105 to 125 ℃ and then insulated for 5 to 10 hours at 150 to 170 ℃. The cooling mode is air cooling.
For further understanding of the present invention, the following detailed description is made with reference to examples to provide an ultra-high strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and a method for preparing the same, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Example 1
The ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: copper: 1.85%, magnesium: 2.05%, zinc: 9.3%, zirconium: 0.12 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements; wherein, the mass ratio of zinc to magnesium is controlled to be 4.5;
the preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Proportioning according to the mass percentage of each component in the alloy, smelting in a natural gas smelting furnace, and pouring to obtain an ingot; the as-cast structure photograph is shown in FIG. 1;
(2) Performing two-stage homogenization treatment on the ingot obtained in the step (1), cooling, and performing thermal deformation by adopting a thermal extrusion process to obtain a thermal extrusion pipe; the two-stage homogenization treatment specifically comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 10 hours at 400 ℃ and then preserving heat for 60 hours at 472 ℃; the thermal deformation temperature is 430-440 ℃, and the extrusion coefficient is 14.6;
(3) Performing single-stage solution treatment on the alloy pipe with the thermal deformation form obtained in the step (2), and then performing water quenching; the single-stage solid solution temperature is 470 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 180min;
(4) And (4) performing double-stage aging treatment on the pipe obtained in the step (3), and cooling to obtain the pipe, wherein the double-stage aging treatment specifically comprises the following steps: the temperature is firstly preserved for 6h at 115 ℃ and then preserved for 7h at 160 ℃.
Two samples were prepared according to the above method and tested for their properties, the results of which are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 Property data Table for alloys prepared by the above procedure
| Numbering | Tensile strength/MPa | Yield strength/MPa | Elongation/percent | Spalling corrosion |
| 1# | 665 | 658 | 10.5 | EA |
| 2# | 679 | 673 | 10.0 | EA |
As can be seen from table 1: the preparation process of the ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy pipe can prepare the aluminum alloy pipe with the tensile strength of more than 650MPa, the elongation of 10 percent and the spalling corrosion performance of EA level, and the corrosion resistance is improved to a certain extent while the ultrahigh strength is maintained.
Example 2
The ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: copper: 2.0%, magnesium: 2.1%, zinc: 9.25%, zirconium: 0.12 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements; wherein, the mass ratio of zinc to magnesium is controlled to be 4.4;
the preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Proportioning according to the mass percentage of each component in the alloy, smelting in a natural gas smelting furnace, and pouring to obtain an ingot;
(2) Performing two-stage homogenization treatment on the ingot obtained in the step (1), cooling, and performing thermal deformation by adopting a thermal extrusion process to obtain a thermal extrusion pipe; the two-stage homogenization treatment specifically comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 10 hours at 400 ℃ and preserving heat for 48 hours at 470 ℃; the thermal deformation temperature is 430-440 ℃, and the extrusion coefficient is 14.6;
(3) Performing single-stage solution treatment on the alloy pipe with the thermal deformation form obtained in the step (2), and then performing water quenching; the single-stage solid solution temperature is 470 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 180min; the photograph of the tissue of the tube is shown in figure 2;
(4) Performing two-stage aging treatment on the pipe obtained in the step (3), and cooling to obtain the finished product, wherein the two-stage aging treatment specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, preserving heat for 6 hours at 115 ℃ and then preserving heat for 7 hours at 160 ℃;
two samples were prepared according to the above method, and their properties were measured, with the results shown in table 2;
TABLE 2 data Table of properties of alloys prepared by the above procedure
| Numbering | Tensile strength/MPa | Yield strength/MPa | Elongation/percent | Spalling corrosion |
| 1# | 660 | 641 | 10.5 | EA |
| 2# | 658 | 644 | 11 | EA |
As can be seen from table 2: the preparation process of the ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy pipe can stably prepare the aluminum alloy pipe with the tensile strength of more than 650MPa, the elongation of 10 percent and the spalling corrosion performance of EA grade. Therefore, the method has great application potential in the fields of aerospace, offshore oil platforms and the like.
Comparative example
The preparation method is the same as example 1, except that: the elements and contents of the alloy are different, and are specifically shown in table 3;
the properties of the two alloys are detected, and the detection results are shown in Table 4;
TABLE 3 chemical composition data of 7050 and 7075 alloys
| Number plate | Si | Fe | Cu | Mn | Mg | Cr | Zn | Ti | Zr |
| 7050 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | 2.0～2.6 | ≤0.10 | 1.9～2.6 | ≤0.04 | 5.7～6.7 | ≤0.06 | 0.08～0.15 |
| 7075 | ≤0.40 | ≤0.50 | 1.2～2.0 | ≤0.30 | 2.1～2.9 | 0.18～0.28 | 5.1～6.1 | ≤0.20 | - |
TABLE 2 TABLE 7050 AND 7075 ALLOY EXTRUDED TUBES WITH ROOM-TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
| Number plate | State of heat treatment | Yield strength/MPa | Tensile strength/MPa | Elongation rate/%) |
| 7050 | T74511 | 435 | 505 | 7 |
| 7075 | T73、T73510、T73511 | 420 | 485 | 6 |
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. An ultra-high strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
wherein the mass ratio of Zn to Mg is 4.0-5.3.
2. The ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the Zn/Mg mass ratio is 4.3 to 5.0.
3. A method of making the aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
a) The aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy is prepared by mixing the components according to the composition ratio, and the obtained mixture is smelted and cast to obtain an ingot;
b) Carrying out two-stage homogenization treatment on the cast ingot, cooling and then carrying out thermal deformation to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded pipe;
c) Carrying out single-stage solution treatment on the aluminum alloy pipe, and then carrying out water quenching;
d) Carrying out two-stage aging treatment on the aluminum alloy pipe obtained in the step C), and cooling to obtain an aluminum alloy pipe;
in the step B), the two-stage homogenization treatment specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, preserving the heat of the obtained cast ingot at 380-420 ℃ for 8-12 h, and then preserving the heat at 460-480 ℃ for 48-70 h;
in the step C), the temperature of the single-stage solution treatment is 460-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 150-200 min;
in the step D), the two-stage aging treatment specifically comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy pipe obtained in the step C) is firstly insulated for 6 to 8 hours at the temperature of between 100 and 150 ℃ and then insulated for 5 to 10 hours at the temperature of between 150 and 180 ℃.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the hot deformation is hot extrusion at a temperature of 430 to 460 ℃ and an extrusion coefficient of 13 to 16.
5. The method for preparing according to claim 3, characterized in that said two-stage homogenization treatment is more specifically: the obtained cast ingot is firstly insulated for 10 hours at 400 ℃ and then insulated for 60 hours at 465-475 ℃.
6. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that the temperature of the single-stage solution treatment is 465-475 ℃ and the holding time is 160-200 min.
7. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the two-stage aging treatment is specifically: the aluminum alloy pipe obtained in the step C) is firstly insulated for 6 to 8 hours at 105 to 125 ℃ and then insulated for 5 to 10 hours at 150 to 170 ℃.
8. The method according to claim 3, wherein the cooling in step B) is carried out by furnace cooling to room temperature.
9. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cooling water for the water quenching in the step C) is at a temperature of 20 to 40 ℃.
10. The method according to claim 3, wherein the cooling in step D) is performed by air cooling.
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