CN115741209A - Machine tool gravity balancing device and vertical stable machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a machine tool gravity balancing device and a vertical stable machine tool, and the technical scheme is as follows: the telescopic rod comprises an outer pipe, an inner pipe and a telescopic rod, wherein the outer pipe, the inner pipe and the telescopic rod are sequentially sleeved from outside to inside, the upper end of the outer pipe is closed, the lower end of the outer pipe is provided with an end cover, an annular cavity is formed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, the upper end of the inner pipe is provided with a through groove which is communicated with the annular cavity and an inner cavity of the inner pipe, the upper end of the telescopic rod extends into the inner pipe and is provided with a sealing piston, the sealing piston is matched with a piston of the inner pipe, the inner pipe is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by the sealing piston, and the lower end of the telescopic rod penetrates through a telescopic hole of the end cover and is connected with the telescopic hole through the piston; an air passage which is communicated up and down is formed in the middle of the telescopic rod, the upper end of the air passage is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner pipe, and the lower end of the air passage is used for being connected with an external high-pressure air source. The gravity balance device can balance and stabilize the gravity of a vertical processing machine tool, can improve the response speed and precision of the machine tool, and is suitable for processing of clutch equipment and the like with higher precision requirements.

Description

Machine tool gravity balancing device and vertical stable machine tool

Technical Field

The invention relates to a machine tool, in particular to a gravity balance device of the machine tool and a vertical stable machine tool.

Background

Among present machine tool equipment, especially for vertical lift's machine tool equipment, in order to reduce the influence condition of gravity, improve the lift dynamic response efficiency of lathe, often can increase gravity balancing unit among the machine tool equipment, can exert an ascending holding power through gravity balancing unit, and then can counter lift head assembly's self gravity, reduce the load on the lead screw, keep the work dynamic stability of lathe. Especially for heavy machine tools or machine tools with high precision requirements, the method has great significance for stress balance.

The nitrogen balancing device is generally vertically installed and plays a supporting role through a constant-pressure nitrogen source. However, when the machine tool descends, the required upward balance force is reduced, and particularly when the machine tool equipment is in contact with a lower workpiece to generate a longitudinal supporting force, the constant force stability of the nitrogen balancing device is still kept unchanged, and the condition of overlarge balance force is generated, so that the operation stability of the equipment is influenced.

Therefore, a new solution is needed to solve this problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool gravity balance device which can adjust a balance force during a supporting process, and has a stable balance supporting effect for a machine tool.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a machine tool gravity balancing device comprises an outer tube, an inner tube and a telescopic rod, wherein the outer tube, the inner tube and the telescopic rod are sequentially sleeved from outside to inside, the upper end of the outer tube is closed, an end cover is arranged at the lower end of the outer tube, an annular cavity is formed between the inner tube and the outer tube, a through groove is formed in the upper end of the inner tube and is communicated with the annular cavity and an inner cavity of the inner tube, the upper end of the telescopic rod extends into the inner tube and is provided with a sealing piston, the sealing piston is matched with a piston of the inner tube, the sealing piston divides the inner tube into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, and the lower end of the telescopic rod penetrates through a telescopic hole of the end cover and is connected with the piston between telescopic holes; an air passage which is communicated up and down is formed in the middle of the telescopic rod, the upper end of the air passage is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner pipe, and the lower end of the air passage is used for being connected with an external high-pressure air source; a first protruding ring and a second protruding ring are arranged in the end cover, the first protruding ring is mutually matched with the lower end face of the outer pipe and can form abutting seal with the outer pipe, the second protruding ring is mutually matched with the lower end face of the inner pipe and forms abutting seal with the inner pipe, an annular groove is formed between the first protruding ring and the second protruding ring, the upper side of the annular groove is communicated with an annular cavity, a first through hole is formed in the peripheral surface of the second protruding ring, and the first through hole is communicated with the lower cavity of the inner pipe and the annular groove; and a balance valve mechanism is arranged at one position of the through hole and is used for balancing the pressure between the lower cavity of the inner pipe and the annular cavity.

The invention is further provided that the periphery of the first convex ring corresponds to the first through hole and is fixedly connected with an extending cylinder extending outwards; a cavity for accommodating the extension cylinder is formed in the end cover, and a gap is formed between the inner wall of the cavity and the extension cylinder; a sealing barrel is arranged in one end, far away from the first through hole, of the extension barrel, and the sealing barrel and the extension barrel are sealed through a sealing end.

The balance valve mechanism further comprises a valve barrel, a valve plate and a spring, wherein the valve barrel is sleeved in the extension barrel, the valve plate is fixedly connected to the middle section of the valve barrel, and the spring is pressed against the peripheries of the valve plate and the first convex ring and used for elastically pushing the valve barrel and the sealing end of the sealing barrel to be pressed and sealed.

The valve plate is further provided with valve holes penetrating through two sides, one side of the valve plate, which is back to the first through hole, is covered with an elastic diaphragm, the middle of the elastic diaphragm is fixed with the valve plate, and the periphery of the elastic diaphragm covers the valve holes and is used for realizing sealing of the valve holes; the periphery of the elastic diaphragm can be tilted back to the diaphragm, and the valve hole is opened.

The invention is further provided that one outward end of the cavity is open and is sealed by a sealing cover, and the sealing cover is fixedly connected with the sealing cylinder; the sealing cylinder extends into the extending cylinder and is of a mutually sealed sleeved structure; and a second through hole is formed in the position, extending out of the extension cylinder, of the sealing cylinder and used for communicating the cavity with the inner cavity of the extension cylinder.

The invention is further provided that the balance valve mechanism further comprises a valve rod, the valve rod is fixedly connected in the middle of the valve plate, and the valve rod extends towards the direction of the sealing cylinder and penetrates through the sealing cover; the sealing cover and the valve rod are mutually sealed through a sealing sleeve, and the axial telescopic adjustment of the valve rod can be kept; the valve rod moves inwards, the valve barrel can be pushed to overcome the spring, the valve barrel and the sealing end are opened, the first through hole and the second through hole are communicated, and the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the inner pipe are communicated to achieve pressure balance on two sides of the piston.

The invention is further provided with a linkage mechanism, wherein the linkage mechanism is arranged on the periphery of the end cover and is used for being matched with the valve rod, and in the descending process of the outer pipe, the linkage mechanism pushes the valve rod inwards to open the balance valve component and balance the pressures on the upper side and the lower side of the sealing piston; during the ascending of the outer pipe, the valve rod is kept to extend, and the balance valve assembly separates an upper chamber and a lower chamber on two sides of the sealing piston.

The invention is further provided that the linkage mechanism comprises a support frame, a linkage wheel, a rotating shaft, a gear and a rack; the supporting frame is fixed on the periphery of the end cover, and the linkage wheel and the gear are coaxially arranged on the supporting frame through a rotating shaft and can keep synchronous rotation; the rack is arranged on the rack in an up-and-down direction, and the gear and the rack are meshed with each other and used for driving the gear to rotate when moving up and down relatively.

The invention is further arranged in such a way that the periphery of the linkage wheel is rotationally connected with a plurality of linkage blocks, and the linkage blocks are rotationally connected through linkage shafts respectively and distributed in a circumferential array; the linkage block is in a cam shape, one side of the linkage block is provided with a linkage bulge, and the linkage bulge is used for abutting against one end, extending out of the valve rod, of the valve rod to realize linkage; a first stop block and a second stop block are respectively fixed on the two sides of the linkage wheel corresponding to the inner linkage block and used for limiting the swing range of the linkage protrusion;

the end part of the valve rod is bent downwards to form a pressing inclined plane, one side of the linkage wheel is matched with the pressing inclined plane, when the linkage wheel moves downwards towards one side of the pressing inclined plane, the linkage protrusion is blocked by the first stop block and keeps in an outward convex shape, and the linkage protrusion is pressed against the pressing inclined plane of the valve rod to push the valve rod to move inwards; when the linkage wheel moves upwards towards one side of the abutting inclined plane, the linkage protrusion is blocked by the abutting inclined plane, the linkage protrusion can swing downwards to retract into the inner peripheral direction of the linkage wheel, the linkage protrusion and the abutting inclined plane are separated, and the valve rod is kept in an extending state.

The invention also provides a vertical stable machine tool, which comprises a rack, a slide rail, a slide seat, a machine head and a screw rod device, wherein the slide rail is arranged on the rack in the vertical direction; the machine head is arranged on the sliding seat; still include foretell balancing unit, balancing unit's outer tube is fixed with the slide, and the lower extreme and the frame of telescopic link are fixed for realize the gravity balance of slide.

In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention adopts the structure of the inner pipe and the outer pipe, and is matched with the action of the nitrogen balance air source, an upward supporting action can be generated in the balance device, and the stability of the operation of the equipment can be maintained through the nitrogen source with stable pressure. Through set up balanced valve mechanism between the connect the passageway of inner and outer tube, can realize pressure balance, the relative ejecting pressure greatly reduced that the telescopic link received this moment can't counter the gravity of lathe, and then can have the action of gravity to drive the lathe and descend to the stable descending action can be realized in the transmission of cooperation lead screw device. Because the lower extreme of inner tube and outer tube is sealed through the end cover, in time at the state that balanced valve mechanism opened, still form a confined cavity in the balancing unit, have the pressure unanimous with high pressurized air source, can promote the telescopic link, have a decurrent thrust action all the time to the telescopic link, support by a littleer power, can be in the stable atress stabilizing effect of decline in-process keep, play the effect of balanced support.

The linkage mechanism is arranged between the balance device and the machine tool equipment, so that the machine tool equipment can generate different linkage conditions in the up-down and down processes, and further can generate a linkage effect. In the descending process of the outer pipe, the linkage mechanism pushes the valve rod inwards to open the balance valve assembly and balance the pressures on the upper side and the lower side of the sealing piston. The balance force of the balance device can be reduced, the over-balance condition caused by overlarge balance force is avoided, and the stable lifting action of the equipment can be kept.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural diagram of a vertical stable type machine tool according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a second structural schematic diagram of a vertical stable machine tool according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a machine tool gravity balancing apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the balanced valve mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an installation structure of a gravity balance device of a machine tool according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the linkage assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the linkage wheel and the linkage block of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1. an outer tube; 2. an inner tube; 3. an annular chamber; 4. a through groove; 5. a telescopic rod; 6. a sealing piston; 7. an airway; 8. an end cap; 9. a telescopic hole; 10. a first convex ring; 11. a convex ring II; 12. a ring groove; 13. a first through hole; 14. a balance valve mechanism; 15. a cavity; 16. a sealing cover; 17. an extension cylinder; 18. a valve cylinder; 19. sealing sleeves; 20. a sealing cylinder; 21. sealing the end; 22. a second through hole; 23. a valve plate; 24. a spring; 25. an elastic diaphragm; 26. a valve bore; 27. a valve stem; 28. a linkage mechanism; 29. a support frame; 30. a rotating shaft; 31. a linkage wheel; 32. a gear; 33. a rack; 34. pressing the inclined plane; 35. a linkage block; 36. a linkage shaft; 37. a linkage protrusion; 38. a first stop block; 39. a second stop block; 40. a balancing device; 41. a frame; 42. a slide rail; 43. a slide base; 44. a machine head; 45. a screw rod device.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment discloses a machine tool gravity balancing device 40, as shown in fig. 3, which includes an outer tube 1, an inner tube 2 and a telescopic rod 5, wherein the outer tube 1, the inner tube 2 and the telescopic rod 5 are sequentially sleeved from outside to inside, the upper end of the outer tube 1 is in a closed state, and the lower end of the outer tube is connected through an end cover 8. Inner tube 2 is installed in outer tube 1, realizes the coaxial arrangement location through location structure to form annular chamber 3 between inner tube 2 and outer tube 1, logical groove 4 is seted up to the upper end position of inner tube 2, leads to groove 4 intercommunication annular chamber 3 and the 2 inner chambers of inner tube, can realize the intercommunication of inner tube 2 and outer tube 1 in the upper end position.

The upper end of the telescopic rod 5 extends into the inner tube 2, the upper end is provided with the sealing piston 6, the sealing piston 6 is matched with the piston of the inner tube 2, the telescopic rod 5 can be kept to move up and down, the sealing piston 6 can divide the cavity of the inner tube 2 into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are mutually separated and communicated through the annular cavity 3, and balance and stability can be realized through a balance valve at the end cover 8.

The lower end of the telescopic rod 5 penetrates through the telescopic hole 9 of the end cover 8 and is connected with the telescopic hole 9 through a piston, and the telescopic rod 5 extends downwards and can be connected with the rack 41, so that fixing and supporting can be realized.

An air passage 7 which is communicated up and down is arranged in the middle of the telescopic rod 5, the upper end of the air passage 7 is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner tube 2, and the lower end of the air passage 7 is connected with an external high-pressure air source. In the working process, high-pressure gas can be introduced, the high-pressure gas with stable pressure can be introduced into the upper chamber, the telescopic rod 5 can be ejected downwards, certain supporting pressure is achieved, support for machine tool equipment can be achieved, and the gravity balance effect of the mechanism capable of being adjusted in a lifting mode in the machine tool equipment is achieved.

Two annular supporting positions of a first convex ring 10 and a second convex ring 11 are fixed at the inner peripheral position of the end cover 8, wherein the first convex ring 10 is positioned at the outer periphery of the second convex ring 11 and is in a mutually sleeved structure; the first convex ring 10 is matched with the lower end face of the outer tube 1, and after the end cover 8 is installed, abutting seal can be formed between the first convex ring and the outer tube 1, and the inner cavity of the outer tube 1 is sealed; the second convex ring 11 is matched with the lower end face of the inner pipe 2, and after the end cover 8 is installed, the second convex ring 11 and the inner pipe 2 can form abutting seal to separate the lower chamber of the inner pipe 2 from the annular chamber 3 in a sealing mode.

An annular groove 12 is formed between the first protruding ring 10 and the second protruding ring 11, the upper side of the annular groove 12 is communicated with the annular chamber 3, a first through hole 13 is formed in the peripheral surface of the second protruding ring 11, and the first through hole 13 is communicated with the inner periphery of the second protruding ring 11 and the annular groove 12, so that a channel for communicating is formed between the lower chamber of the inner pipe 2 and the annular groove 12. And, install balanced valve mechanism 14 in through-hole one 13 department, can balance the pressure between inner tube 2 lower cavity and annular chamber 3 through balanced valve mechanism 14, can realize closing and opening the switching through balanced valve mechanism 14, distribute each other between upper chamber and the lower cavity when balanced valve is closed, accessible lets in high-pressure gas in the middle of the upper chamber, and then realizes increasing balancing unit 40 inside, can supply telescopic link 5 to stretch out downwards, pushes out telescopic link 5 downwards, realizes that balanced support carries out pressure support.

When the balance valve mechanism 14 is opened, the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the sealing piston 6 are communicated to realize pressure balance, the pressure of the telescopic rod 5 which is ejected relatively is greatly reduced, the gravity of the machine tool cannot be resisted, the machine tool can be driven to descend under the action of gravity, and stable descending action can be realized by matching with the transmission of the screw rod device 45. In addition, because the lower ends of the inner tube 2 and the outer tube 1 are sealed by the end cover 8, a closed cavity is still formed in the balancing device 40 in a state that the balancing valve mechanism 14 is opened in time, the pressure of the closed cavity is consistent with that of a high-pressure air source, the telescopic rod 5 can be pushed, the telescopic rod 5 always has a downward pushing force effect and is supported by a smaller force, the stable stress stabilizing effect can be kept in the descending process, and the effect of balanced support is achieved.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, an extension cylinder 17 is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the first convex ring 10 at a position corresponding to the first through hole 13, and the extension cylinder 17 extends towards the outer side; a cavity 15 is formed in the end cap 8, through which cavity 15 an extension cylinder 17 can be fitted, the extension cylinder 17 extending into the cavity 15 and forming a gap with the inner wall of the cavity 15, through which gap a communication between the extension cylinder 17 and the annular chamber 3 is achieved.

A sealing barrel 20 is arranged in one end of the extension barrel 17 far away from the first through hole 13, an annular sealing end 21 is formed at the end of the sealing barrel 20, and the sealing end 21 is of an annular rubber structure and is coated at the end of the sealing barrel 20; the end of the sealing cylinder 20 extends into the extension cylinder 17, and sealing between the sealing cylinder 20 and the extension cylinder 17 can be realized. After the sealing cylinder 20 extends into the extension cylinder 17, the end position of the sealing cylinder 20 is in a relatively fixed state, and can be in press fit with the balance valve mechanism 14 to cooperate with the operation of the balance valve mechanism 14.

The cavity 15 is open at one end facing outwards, and is closed at the open position by a sealing cover 16, and the sealing connection is realized by a proper sealing structure; the sealing cover 16 is fixedly connected with the sealing cylinder 20, namely, after the sealing cover is installed, the sealing cylinder 20 is kept in a stable position state, the sealing cylinder 20 extends into the extension cylinder 17, and the sealing cover is in a mutual sealing sleeve 19 installation structure, such as the structure shown in fig. 5.

In order to realize the communication between the sealing cylinder 20 and the cavity 15, a second through hole 22 can be formed at a position where the sealing cylinder 20 extends out of the extension cylinder 17, the second through hole 22 is communicated with the cavity 15 and an inner cavity of the extension cylinder 17 to form a communicated air passage 7, and a balance valve mechanism 14 is arranged in the air passage 7, so that the balance valve mechanism 14 can control the on-off state of the air passage 7.

As shown in fig. 5, the balanced valve mechanism 14 includes a valve cylinder 18, a valve plate 23 and a spring 24, wherein the valve cylinder 18 is sleeved in the extension cylinder 17, the outer diameter of the valve cylinder 18 is smaller than the inner diameter of the extension cylinder 17, and an annular gap is formed between the valve cylinder 18 and the extension cylinder 17 after installation; a valve plate 23 is fixed to an inner middle portion of the valve cylinder 18, and the valve plate 23 partitions both ends of the valve cylinder 18.

The spring 24 is pressed against the valve plate 23 and the periphery of the first convex ring 10, the valve cylinder 18 can be elastically pushed through the elastic action of the spring 24, so that the end part of the valve cylinder 18 is pressed against the sealing end 21 of the sealing cylinder 20, a mutual sealing state is formed at the pressing position of the sealing end 21, and the closing of the balance valve mechanism 14 can be further realized. When the pressure in the upper chamber of the inner tube 2 is greatly increased and exceeds the elastic force of the spring 24, the balance valve mechanism 14 can be opened under the action of the pressure, a certain gap is formed between the valve cylinder 18 and the sealing end 21, gas can flow through the gap, the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the inner tube 2 are communicated, and the pressure reduction effect on the sealing piston 6 is realized.

When the device works, an external pressure-stabilizing air source is introduced into the upper chamber from the telescopic rod 5, and the support balance is realized through air pressure; when the external air source generates pressure fluctuation and is too large, the air pressure exceeds the elastic supporting force of the spring 24 in the balance valve mechanism 14, the elastic force of the spring 24 cannot resist the pressure of the air, so that the balance valve mechanism 14 is opened to communicate the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the inner tube 2, the air is introduced into the upper chamber and the lower chamber, and certain pressure balance is formed at the upper side and the lower side of the piston. The telescopic rod 5 penetrates through the end cover 8 to extend downwards, the telescopic rod 5 is not affected by air pressure, the upper chamber and the lower chamber have certain pressure difference to the pressure of the sealing piston 6, the sealing piston 6 always has a downward acting force, the pressure is maintained on the telescopic rod 5 through a small acting force, and the telescopic rod 5 is kept in a pressure relief state and also has certain balance supporting force.

Furthermore, the valve plate 23 is provided with a valve hole 26 penetrating through two sides, one side of the valve plate 23, which is back to the first through hole 13, is covered with an elastic diaphragm 25, the middle of the elastic diaphragm 25 is fixed with the valve plate 23, the periphery of the elastic diaphragm is covered with the valve hole 26, a certain elastic state is formed, and the elastic diaphragm can swing towards the valve plate 23 under the self elastic action of the elastic diaphragm 25 and can seal a module on the valve plate 23.

When high-pressure gas is introduced into the upper chamber, the air pressure in the upper chamber acts on the elastic diaphragm 25, and the sealing state of the elastic diaphragm 25 and the valve hole 26 can be further kept; moreover, as the pressure in the upper chamber increases, the abutting tightness between the elastic diaphragm 25 and the valve hole 26 increases;

when external high pressure is released from the upper cavity, and the pressure in the upper cavity is reduced, the pressure in the upper cavity is smaller than the pressure in the lower cavity, at the moment, the air pressure in the lower cavity pushes the elastic diaphragm 25 to be elastically bent, the elastic diaphragm is separated from the valve plate 23, the valve hole 26 is opened, the through hole I13 and the through hole II 22 can be communicated through the valve hole 26, the upper cavity and the lower cavity in the inner tube 2 are communicated, air pressure balance is performed, the pressure in the lower cavity can be discharged, the pressure balance of the upper side and the lower side of the sealing piston 6 is realized, and the balancing device 40 is prevented from generating reverse balance action.

In the middle of the balanced valve mechanism 14, one side is sealed by the elastic action of the spring 24, the other side is sealed by the self elasticity of the elastic diaphragm 25, so that the two-way balance action in the two sides can be realized, the pressure in the two cavities of the inner tube 2 can be well stabilized, the stability of the internal pressure of the balance device 40 is maintained, a certain pressure action can be always kept, and the situation of negative balance caused by overlarge pressure difference in the two cavities can be avoided by balancing the pressure in the upper cavity and the lower cavity.

As shown in fig. 4, the balanced valve mechanism 14 further includes a valve rod 27, the valve rod 27 is fixedly connected to the middle of the valve plate 23, and is linked with the valve rod 27, and the valve rod 27 is adjusted in a telescopic manner, so that an active adjustment function can be achieved. Specifically, the valve rod 27 extends toward the sealing cylinder 20 and penetrates the sealing cover 16; the sealing cover 16 and the valve rod 27 are mutually sealed through a sealing sleeve 19, the axial telescopic adjustment of the valve rod 27 can be kept, and the sealing performance of the extending part of the valve rod 27 can be always maintained in the axial telescopic adjustment process of the valve rod 27. The valve rod 27 moves inwards to push the valve cylinder 18 to overcome the spring 24, the valve cylinder 18 and the sealing end 21 are opened, the first through hole 13 and the second through hole 22 are communicated, and the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the inner pipe 2 are communicated to realize pressure balance on two sides of the piston; after the pushing force at the outer end of the valve rod 27 is removed, the spring 24 will drive the valve rod 27 and the valve cylinder 18 to reset, and the balance valve is closed again.

As shown in fig. 7, a linkage 28 is further installed at an outer end position of the valve rod 27 to be operatively fitted to the valve rod 27, and the linkage 28 is installed at an outer circumferential position of the end cap 8 to be fitted to the valve rod 27. Specifically, the linkage mechanism 28 comprises a support frame 29, a linkage wheel 31, a rotating shaft 30, a gear 32 and a rack 33; the supporting frame 29 is fixed on the periphery of the end cover 8, and the linkage wheel 31 and the gear 32 are coaxially arranged on the supporting frame 29 through the rotating shaft 30 and can keep synchronous rotation. The rack 33 is installed on the frame 41 and moves up and down, and the gear 32 and the rack 33 are engaged with each other, so that the gear 32 can be driven to rotate when moving up and down relatively, and a linkage effect can be generated. During the descending process of the outer pipe 1, the linkage mechanism 28 pushes the valve rod 27 inwards to open the balance valve assembly and balance the pressures on the upper side and the lower side of the sealing piston 6; during the raising of the outer tube 1, the retaining valve rod 27 is extended and the balancing valve assembly separates the upper and lower chambers on either side of the sealing piston 6.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the periphery of the linkage wheel 31 is rotatably connected with a plurality of linkage blocks 35, and the linkage blocks 35 are respectively rotatably connected through linkage shafts 36 and are distributed in a circumferential array. The linkage block 35 is cam-shaped, and one side of the linkage block is provided with a linkage bulge 37 which can generate rotary swing action under the support of a linkage shaft 36 and the action of self gravity.

As shown in fig. 8, a first stopper 38 and a second stopper 39 are respectively fixed on two sides of the linkage wheel 31 corresponding to the inner linkage block 35, the swing range of the linkage protrusion 37 can be limited by the first stopper 38 and the second stopper 39, the linkage block 35 swings clockwise and can be retracted into the range of the linkage wheel 31, and the linkage block 35 swings counterclockwise and is supported by the first stopper 38, so that the outward ejection state can be maintained, the linkage block 35 is enabled to form a state similar to a ratchet wheel, and a linkage adjustment effect can be achieved on the valve rod 27. The end of the valve rod 27 is bent downwards to form a pressing inclined surface 34, one side of the linkage wheel 31 is matched with the pressing inclined surface 34, and the linkage bulge 37 can be abutted against the extending end of the valve rod 27 to realize the mutual linkage effect.

When the linkage wheel 31 moves downwards towards one side of the pressing inclined surface 34, the linkage protrusion 37 is blocked by the first stop block 38 and keeps in an outward convex shape, and the linkage protrusion 37 and the pressing inclined surface 34 of the valve rod 27 are pressed against each other to push the valve rod 27 to move inwards; when the linkage wheel 31 moves upwards towards one side of the pressing inclined surface 34, the linkage protrusion 37 is blocked by the pressing inclined surface 34, the linkage protrusion 37 can swing downwards and retract into the inner peripheral direction of the linkage wheel 31, the linkage protrusion 37 is kept separated from the pressing inclined surface 34, and the valve rod 27 is kept in an extending state.

In the process that the inner tube 2 of the outer tube 1 descends along with the machine head 44, the linkage mechanism 28 drives the valve rod 27 to perform inward contraction action, so as to drive the balance valve mechanism 14, the end face of the valve cylinder 18 is separated from the end face of the sealing end 21, the balance valve mechanism 14 is opened, so that the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the inner tube 2 are communicated, the air pressure is balanced, and the magnitude of the balance force output by the telescopic rod 5 can be reduced. The balance force is smaller than the gravity, and part of the gravity can play a role in pushing descending, so that the descending adjustment of the mechanism assembly driven by the screw rod device 45 can be facilitated; moreover, because the chambers of the inner tube 2 and the outer tube 1 are communicated, the stress areas of the upper chamber and the lower chamber to the sealing piston 6 are different, the stress area of the upper chamber is larger, and the stress area of the lower chamber is smaller, so that after the upper chamber and the lower chamber are communicated, a downward supporting force can still be generated under the action of the whole internal pressure, and the stability of the balance effect of the balance device 40 is kept.

The embodiment also discloses a vertical stable type machine tool, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, which comprises a frame 41, two sets of slide rails 42, two slide seats 43, a machine head 44 and a screw rod device 45, wherein the two sets of slide rails 42 are vertically mounted on the frame 41; the slide carriage 43 is slidably connected to the slide rail 42 and driven to move up and down by a screw rod device 45. The machine head 44 can be a motor-driven device, can play a role in cutting and processing, is arranged on the sliding seat 43 and can move up and down along with the sliding seat 43; the machine head 44 may further be equipped with a device capable of moving transversely or back and forth, so as to perform actions in more directions, and the required functions of the machine tool device may be specifically installed for arrangement, which will not be described in detail.

The machine tool also comprises a balancing device 40 in the embodiment, the outer tube 1 of the balancing device 40 is fixed with the sliding seat 43, the lower end of the telescopic rod 5 is fixed with the rack 41, a telescopic rod structure is formed between the sliding seat 43 and the rack 41 through the balancing device 40, the telescopic rod structure is adjusted, the up-and-down stress stability can be realized, the upward acting force generated by the balancing device 40 and the gravity of the machine head 44 have the mutual counter-counteracting effect, and the gravity balance is realized. The gravity of the vertical processing machine tool can be balanced and stabilized through the balancing device 40, the stress of the screw rod device 45 is reduced, the response speed and the precision of the machine tool can be improved, and the vertical processing machine tool is suitable for processing of clutch equipment and the like with high precision requirements.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The machine tool gravity balancing device is characterized by comprising an outer pipe (1), an inner pipe (2) and a telescopic rod (5), wherein the outer pipe (1), the inner pipe (2) and the telescopic rod (5) are sequentially sleeved from outside to inside, the upper end of the outer pipe (1) is closed, the lower end of the outer pipe is provided with an end cover (8), an annular cavity (3) is formed between the inner pipe (2) and the outer pipe (1), the upper end of the inner pipe (2) is provided with a through groove (4), the through groove (4) is communicated with the inner cavity of the annular cavity (3) and the inner cavity of the inner pipe (2), the upper end of the telescopic rod (5) extends into the inner pipe (2) and is provided with a sealing piston (6), the sealing piston (6) is matched with the piston of the inner pipe (2), the sealing piston (6) divides the inner pipe (2) into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, and the lower end of the telescopic rod (5) penetrates through a telescopic hole (9) of the end cover (8) and is connected with the telescopic hole (9) through the piston; an air passage (7) which is communicated from top to bottom is formed in the middle of the telescopic rod (5), the upper end of the air passage (7) is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner pipe (2), and the lower end of the air passage (7) is used for being connected with an external high-pressure air source; a first protruding ring (10) and a second protruding ring (11) are arranged in the end cover (8), the first protruding ring (10) is matched with the lower end face of the outer pipe (1) and can form abutting seal with the outer pipe (1), the second protruding ring (11) is matched with the lower end face of the inner pipe (2) and forms abutting seal with the inner pipe (2), a ring groove (12) is formed between the first protruding ring (10) and the second protruding ring (11), the upper side of the ring groove (12) is communicated with the annular chamber (3), a first through hole (13) is formed in the peripheral face of the second protruding ring (11), and the first through hole (13) is communicated with the lower chamber of the inner pipe (2) and the ring groove (12); and a balance valve mechanism (14) is arranged at the first through hole (13), and the balance valve mechanism (14) is used for balancing the pressure between the lower cavity of the inner pipe (2) and the annular cavity (3).

2. A machine tool gravity balancing device according to claim 1, wherein an outwardly extending extension cylinder (17) is fixedly attached to the outer periphery of the first protruding ring (10) corresponding to the first through hole (13); a cavity (15) for accommodating the extension cylinder (17) is formed in the end cover (8), and a gap is formed between the inner wall of the cavity (15) and the extension cylinder (17); a sealing barrel (20) is arranged in one end, far away from the first through hole (13), of the extension barrel (17), and the sealing barrel (20) and the extension barrel (17) are sealed through a sealing end (21).

3. The gravity balance device of the machine tool as claimed in claim 2, wherein the balance valve mechanism (14) comprises a valve cylinder (18), a valve plate (23) and a spring (24), the valve cylinder (18) is sleeved in the extension cylinder (17), the valve plate (23) is fixedly connected to the middle section of the valve cylinder (18), and the spring (24) is pressed against the valve plate (23) and the periphery of the first convex ring (10) and used for elastically pushing the valve cylinder (18) and the sealing end (21) of the sealing cylinder (20) to be pressed and sealed.

4. The gravity balance device of the machine tool is characterized in that the valve plate (23) is provided with a valve hole (26) penetrating through two sides, one side of the valve plate (23) opposite to the first through hole (13) is covered with an elastic diaphragm (25), the middle of the elastic diaphragm (25) is fixed with the valve plate (23), and the periphery of the elastic diaphragm is covered with the valve hole (26) for realizing sealing at the valve hole (26); the periphery of the elastic diaphragm (25) can be tilted back to the diaphragm and open the valve hole (26).

5. A machine tool gravity balancing device according to claim 2, wherein the cavity (15) is open at an outward end and is closed by a sealing cover (16), the sealing cover (16) being fixedly connected to the sealing cylinder (20); the sealing cylinder (20) extends into the extension cylinder (17) and is in a mutual sealing sleeve (19) assembly structure; a second through hole (22) is formed in the position, extending out of the extending cylinder (17), of the sealing cylinder (20), and the second through hole (22) is used for communicating the cavity (15) with the inner cavity of the extending cylinder (17).

6. A machine tool gravity balancing device according to claim 3, characterized in that the balancing valve mechanism (14) further comprises a valve rod (27), the valve rod (27) is fixedly connected to the middle of the valve plate (23), the valve rod (27) extends towards the sealing cylinder (20) and penetrates through the sealing cover (16); the sealing cover (16) and the valve rod (27) are mutually sealed through a sealing sleeve (19), and the valve rod (27) can be kept to be axially telescopically adjusted; the valve rod (27) moves inwards, the valve barrel (18) can be pushed to overcome the spring (24), the valve barrel (18) and the sealing end (21) are opened, the first through hole (13) and the second through hole (22) are communicated, and the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the inner pipe (2) are communicated to achieve pressure balance on two sides of the piston.

7. The gravity balance device of the machine tool according to claim 6, characterized by further comprising a linkage mechanism (28), wherein the linkage mechanism (28) is arranged on the periphery of the end cover (8) and is used for being matched with the valve rod (27), and when the outer pipe (1) descends, the linkage mechanism (28) pushes the valve rod (27) inwards to open the balance valve assembly and balance the pressures on the upper side and the lower side of the sealing piston (6); during the ascending of the outer pipe (1), the valve rod (27) is kept to extend, and the balance valve component separates an upper chamber and a lower chamber on two sides of the sealing piston (6).

8. The machine tool gravity balancing device according to claim 7, characterized in that the linkage mechanism (28) comprises a support frame (29), a linkage wheel (31), a rotating shaft (30), a gear (32) and a rack (33); the supporting frame (29) is fixed on the periphery of the end cover (8), and the linkage wheel (31) and the gear (32) are coaxially arranged on the supporting frame (29) through the rotating shaft (30) and can keep synchronous rotation; the rack (33) is arranged on the rack (41) in the vertical direction, and the gear (32) is meshed with the rack (33) and used for driving the gear (32) to rotate when moving up and down relatively.

9. The gravity balance device of the machine tool according to claim 8, wherein the periphery of the linkage wheel (31) is rotatably connected with a plurality of linkage blocks (35), and each linkage block (35) is rotatably connected through a linkage shaft (36) and distributed in a circumferential array; the linkage block (35) is in a cam shape, one side of the linkage block is provided with a linkage bulge (37), and the linkage bulge (37) is used for abutting against one extending end of the valve rod (27) to realize linkage; a first stop block (38) and a second stop block (39) are respectively fixed on the two sides of the linkage wheel (31) corresponding to the inner linkage block (35) and used for limiting the swing range of the linkage protrusion (37); the end part of the valve rod (27) is bent downwards to form a pressing inclined plane (34), one side of the linkage wheel (31) is matched with the pressing inclined plane (34), when the linkage wheel (31) moves downwards towards one side of the pressing inclined plane (34), the linkage protrusion (37) is blocked by the first stopper (38) and keeps in an outward convex shape, and the linkage protrusion (37) and the pressing inclined plane (34) of the valve rod (27) are pressed against each other to push the valve rod (27) to move inwards; when the linkage wheel (31) moves upwards towards one side of the pressing inclined plane (34), the linkage protrusion (37) is blocked by the pressing inclined plane (34), the linkage protrusion (37) can swing downwards and retract into the inner peripheral direction of the linkage wheel (31), the linkage protrusion (37) is kept separated from the pressing inclined plane (34), and the valve rod (27) is kept in an extending state.

10. A vertical stable machine tool is characterized by comprising a rack (41), a slide rail (42), a slide seat (43), a machine head (44) and a screw rod device (45), wherein the slide rail (42) is arranged on the rack (41) in the vertical direction, and the slide seat (43) is connected to the slide rail (42) in a sliding manner and driven to lift through the screw rod device (45); the machine head (44) is arranged on the sliding seat (43); the balancing device (40) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the outer tube (1) of the balancing device (40) is fixed to the slide carriage (43), and the lower end of the telescopic rod (5) is fixed to the frame (41) for achieving the gravity balance of the slide carriage (43).

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