CN115740756B - Double-laser-double-arc high-speed welding device and method - Google Patents
Double-laser-double-arc high-speed welding device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115740756B CN115740756B CN202211490116.9A CN202211490116A CN115740756B CN 115740756 B CN115740756 B CN 115740756B CN 202211490116 A CN202211490116 A CN 202211490116A CN 115740756 B CN115740756 B CN 115740756B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a double-laser-double-arc high-speed welding device and a method. The double-path laser outputs an outer ring laser beam and a core laser beam which are coaxial but at different positions, wherein the core laser beam is used for generating deep and thin small holes, and the penetration is increased during welding; the two arc welding power supplies respectively generate two arc plasmas through the two welding guns, the photoinduced plasmas generated by the outer ring laser beams are mutually coupled with the two arc plasmas, so that the arc striking resistance is reduced, a controllable cathode spot action area is generated, arc columns of the arcs at the two sides are guided to deviate to the cathode spot action area, and the arc energy is orderly concentrated, so that high-speed and high-efficiency welding is realized. The double-laser-double-arc high-speed welding device is simple in structure, high in practicability, easy to realize and convenient to assemble, and has important practical application significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser welding, in particular to a double-laser-double-arc high-speed welding device and method.
Background
The laser welding has the advantages of high quality, high precision, low heat input, good flexibility and the like, but has the defects of high cost, difficulty in welding high-reflection or high-heat-conductivity metal, relatively high requirement on joint clearance tolerance, easiness in forming air holes in deep penetration welding and the like; and arc welding is widely used for connecting various materials, and the welding process is stable, but the speed is low and the precision is low. The laser-arc hybrid welding can utilize the characteristics of laser and electric arc to compensate the defects of laser welding and electric arc welding, and under the action of the electric arc, the absorptivity of a workpiece to laser can be improved, so that the energy transmission efficiency of the laser is improved, and the welding penetration is increased. For medium and thick plates, there are problems in that beveling is required, and multi-layer multi-pass welding is required, thereby causing low welding efficiency. When the laser-arc hybrid welding is adopted, the temperature of the base metal is increased due to the action of the laser on the arc, the absorptivity of the base metal to the laser is improved, and the welding penetration can be improved, so that the laser-arc hybrid welding plays a great role in welding workpieces with various thicknesses.
The prior art (patent CN 200810223741) proposes a high-strength or ultra-high-strength steel laser-electric arc composite heat source welding method, which adopts a composite form of electric arc behind and laser ahead, and reduces the solidification speed of molten pool metal and refines crystal grains by controlling the distance between optical wires and the angle of an electric arc welding gun, thereby reducing the sensitivity of cold cracks in the welding process of the high-strength or ultra-high-strength steel; the prior art (patent CN 201410210871) discloses a method for improving the forming of the back surface of optical fiber laser-MIG composite welding, which adopts a welding method of leading a MIG welding point and trailing a laser welding point, thereby not only ensuring the forming effect of the back surface during single-sided penetration of the composite welding, but also ensuring the stability of MIG welding. Because two plasmas exist in the laser-arc MIG welding, in the composite welding, the addition of the laser can generate the photoinduced plasmas, more complex coupling mechanism and interaction exist between the photoinduced plasmas and the arc plasmas, the control process is more difficult, and especially, the control of factors such as the distance between the arcs, the included angle of a welding gun, the difference of power supply modes, the action point of the laser and the like is considered to be lack of research, so that the application of the laser in the field of welding large thick plates, especially in the shipbuilding industry, is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a double-laser-double-arc high-speed welding device and a method, which can improve deposition efficiency under the condition of ensuring penetration and can be configured according to the inclination angle of a welding gun and the different power supply requirements of two power supplies
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
The utility model provides a two laser-two arc high-speed welding device, including two arc welding power supplies, double-circuit laser instrument, welding system signal acquisition module, two wire feeders and two welder, double-circuit laser instrument output coaxial laser beam, coaxial laser beam includes outer lane laser beam and core laser beam, two arc welding power supplies produce two electric arc plasmas through two welder respectively, the photoinduced plasma that outer lane laser beam produced and two electric arc plasmas intercouple in order to produce the negative pole spot scope, adjust wire feeding speed in order to make the arc post of both sides electric arc deflect negative pole spot scope through two wire feeders.
As an optimized technical scheme, the signal acquisition module comprises a high-speed camera, a first voltage sensor, a second voltage sensor, a first current sensor, a second current sensor and a computer, wherein the high-speed camera is connected with the computer.
As the preferable technical scheme, the two wire feeders respectively adopt a conductive nozzle and a gas nozzle for wire feeding.
As a preferred solution, the outer ring laser beam power does not exceed the power of the core laser beam.
As a preferred technical solution, the method comprises the steps of:
Step one, starting two arc welding power supplies, and respectively generating arc plasmas by two welding guns;
step two, the double-path laser starts to work, and an outer ring laser beam is generated to enable arc columns of electric arcs at two sides to deflect to a cathode spot action area;
Step three, starting to work a core laser beam generated by the two-way laser;
Acquiring arc images at two sides by using a high-speed camera in the signal acquisition module, and sending the images to a computer to analyze the degree of deflection of arc columns of the arcs at two sides to a cathode spot action area;
detecting the output of the first voltage sensor, the second voltage sensor, the first current sensor and the current sensor according to the welding direction, and taking the output as feedback input of two arc welding power supplies;
step six, the computer adjusts the wire feeding speed of the two wire feeders, so that the two arc plasmas work stably and the arc deflection angle is in a reasonable range.
In the first step, welding wires sent by two wire feeders are directed to the intersection point with the workpiece plane and are out of the diameter of the outer ring laser beam.
In the sixth step, as an preferable technical scheme, the arc deflection angle is calculated by: the included angle between the welding gun and the plane of the workpiece is subtracted by the included angle between the upper edge of the arc plasma generated by the welding gun and the plane of the workpiece, namely the arc deflection angle.
In the sixth step, the reasonable range of the arc deflection angle is more than or equal to 14 degrees and less than or equal to 17.5.
As a preferable technical scheme, the two welding guns are divided into a first welding gun and a second welding gun, when the first welding gun is at the forefront in the welding direction, the power of an arc welding power supply corresponding to the first welding gun is larger than that of an arc welding power supply corresponding to the second welding gun, and the output voltage of the arc welding power supply corresponding to the first welding gun is smaller than that of the arc welding power supply corresponding to the second welding gun.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the double-laser-double-arc high-speed welding device and method, interaction between core laser plasmas and electric arcs is decoupled through double-arc cooperation, so that the influence of the electric arcs on the penetration effect of the core lasers is reduced, the thermal field, the force field, the flow field, the electric field and the magnetic field in the whole welding process and the coupling mechanism among three heat sources are changed, and further molten drop transition and weld joint forming are controlled. The invention has guiding significance for further research and application of the laser and double-arc composite welding method and process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dual laser-dual arc high speed welding apparatus and method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a dual laser-dual arc high speed welding apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of a welding gun and a laser beam of a dual laser-dual arc high speed welding apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the deflection of the arc column to the cathode spot field in a method of a dual laser-dual arc high speed welding apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. arc welding power supply; 2. a two-way laser; 21. an outer ring laser beam; 211. a photo-induced plasma; 22. a core laser beam; 3. a welding system signal acquisition module; 31. a high-speed camera; 32. a first voltage sensor; 33. a second voltage sensor; 34. a first current sensor; 35. a second current sensor; 36. a computer; 4. a wire feeder; 5. a first welding gun; 6. a second welding gun; 7. arc plasma; 8. a gas protection zone; 9. a workpiece; 10 cathode spot field.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the specific embodiments:
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a dual laser-dual arc high speed welding device comprises two arc welding power supplies 1, a dual laser 2, a welding system signal acquisition module 3, two wire feeders 4 and two welding guns, wherein the dual laser 2 outputs coaxial laser beams, and the coaxial laser beams comprise an outer ring laser beam 21 and a core laser beam 22. The signal acquisition module comprises a high-speed camera 31, a first voltage sensor 32, a second voltage sensor 33, a first current sensor 34, a second current sensor 35 and a computer 36, wherein the high-speed camera 31 is connected with the computer 36. During welding, the core laser beam 22 is used for generating deep and thin small holes, the two arc welding power supplies 1 respectively generate two arc plasmas 7 through two welding guns, the photoinduced plasmas 211 generated by the outer ring laser beam 21 are mutually coupled with the two arc plasmas 7, so that the arc striking resistance is reduced, a cathode spot action area 10 is generated, the wire feeding speed is adjusted through the two wire feeders 4 so as to enable arc columns of the electric arcs at two sides to deviate to the cathode spot action area 10, and the arc energy is orderly concentrated. The two welding wires are fed by using an independent conductive nozzle and a gas nozzle respectively.
When the material to be welded is a ferrous metal such as a plain mild steel, taking A3 as an example, a welding wire of H08Mn2Si a (diameter 1.2 mm) and a shielding gas of pure argon (Ar) gas may be selected, and the power of the core laser beam 22 is 1.8k W, and the defocus amount is 0.
As shown in fig. 3, the diameter of the outer ring laser beam 21 is 5mm, and the outer ring laser beam 21 power does not exceed the core laser beam 22 power.
The included angles between the two welding guns and the plane of the welded workpiece 9 are 60 degrees, and the intersection point of the welding wires and the plane of the workpiece 9 is outside the diameter of the outer ring laser beam 21.
The acquisition frequency of the high-speed camera 31 in the welding process is more than or equal to 1000 frames/s, and the sampling frequency of the current and voltage electric signals is more than or equal to 10 kHz.
A method of a dual laser-dual arc high speed welding apparatus comprising the steps of:
step one, starting two arc welding power supplies 1, and respectively generating arc plasmas 7 by two welding guns;
step two, the double-path laser 2 starts to work, and an outer ring laser beam 21 is generated to enable arc columns of electric arcs at two sides to deflect to a cathode spot action area 10;
Step three, the core laser beam 22 generated by the two-way laser 2 starts to work;
Step four, the high-speed camera 31 in the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring images of the arcs at two sides and sending the images to the computer 36, and the degree of deflection of arc columns of the arcs at two sides to the cathode spot action area 10 is analyzed;
Step five, detecting the output of the first voltage sensor 32, the second voltage sensor 33, the first current sensor 34 and the current sensor according to the welding direction, and taking the output as the feedback input of the two arc welding power supplies 1, so that the output of the two arc welding power supplies 1 meets the power supply requirement;
step six, the computer 36 adjusts the wire feeding speed of the two wire feeders 4 so that the two arc plasmas 7 work stably and the arc deflection angles are in the interval of a reasonable range of [14 degrees, 17.5 degrees ]. The arc deflection angle is calculated by the following steps: the included angle between the welding gun and the plane of the workpiece 9 minus the included angle between the upper edge of the arc plasma 7 generated by the welding gun and the plane of the workpiece 9 is the arc deflection angle.
As shown in fig. 4, the two welding guns are divided into a first welding gun 5 and a second welding gun 6, and when the first welding gun 5 is the forefront in the welding direction, the power of the arc welding power source 1 corresponding to the first welding gun 5 is larger than the power of the arc welding power source 1 corresponding to the second welding gun 6, and the output voltage of the arc welding power source 1 corresponding to the first welding gun 5 is smaller than the output voltage of the arc welding power source 1 corresponding to the second welding gun 6. Conversely, when the second welding gun 6 is the forefront in the welding direction, the power of the arc welding power supply 1 corresponding to the first welding gun 5 should be smaller than the power of the arc welding power supply 1 corresponding to the second welding gun 6, and the output voltage of the arc welding power supply 1 corresponding to the first welding gun 5 should be larger than the output voltage of the arc welding power supply 1 corresponding to the second welding gun 6.
The present embodiment is further illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and those skilled in the art can make no inventive modifications to the present embodiment as required after reading the present specification, but only as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The double-laser-double-arc high-speed welding device is characterized by comprising two arc welding power supplies, a double-path laser, a welding system signal acquisition module, two wire feeders and two welding guns, wherein the double-path laser outputs coaxial laser beams, the coaxial laser beams comprise an outer ring laser beam and a core laser beam, the power of the outer ring laser beam does not exceed that of the core laser beam, the two arc welding power supplies respectively generate two arc plasmas through the two welding guns, the photoinduced plasmas generated by the outer ring laser beam and the two arc plasmas are mutually coupled to generate a cathode spot action area, and the wire feeding speed is adjusted through the two wire feeders so as to deflect arc columns of electric arcs at two sides towards the cathode spot action area;
The signal acquisition module comprises a high-speed camera, a first voltage sensor, a second voltage sensor, a first current sensor, a second current sensor and a computer, wherein the high-speed camera is connected with the computer.
2. The dual laser-dual arc high speed welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the two wire feeders feed wires using a contact tip and a gas nozzle, respectively.
3. The method of using a dual laser-dual arc high speed welding apparatus according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
Step one, starting two arc welding power supplies, and respectively generating arc plasmas by two welding guns;
step two, the double-path laser starts to work, and an outer ring laser beam is generated to enable arc columns of electric arcs at two sides to deflect to a cathode spot action area;
Step three, starting to work a core laser beam generated by the two-way laser;
Acquiring arc images at two sides by using a high-speed camera in the signal acquisition module, and sending the images to a computer to analyze the degree of deflection of arc columns of the arcs at two sides to a cathode spot action area;
detecting the output of the first voltage sensor, the second voltage sensor, the first current sensor and the second current sensor according to the welding direction, and taking the output as feedback input of two arc welding power supplies;
step six, the computer adjusts the wire feeding speed of the two wire feeders, so that the two arc plasmas work stably and the arc deflection angles are in a reasonable range.
4. A method of using a dual laser-dual arc high speed welding apparatus according to claim 3 wherein in step one, the welding wire fed from the two wire feeders is directed out of the diameter of the outer ring laser beam at the intersection with the workpiece plane.
5. The method of using a dual laser-dual arc high speed welding apparatus according to claim 3, wherein in step six, the arc deflection angle is calculated by: and subtracting the included angle between the upper edge of the arc plasma generated by the welding gun and the plane of the workpiece from the included angle between the welding gun and the plane of the workpiece, namely, the arc deflection angle.
6. A method of using a dual laser-dual arc high speed welding apparatus according to claim 3, wherein in step six, the reasonable range of arc deflection angles is no less than 14 ° and no more than 17.5 °.
7. A method of using a dual laser-dual arc high speed welding apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the two welding guns are divided into a first welding gun and a second welding gun, and when the first welding gun is the forefront in the welding direction, the power of the arc welding power source corresponding to the first welding gun is greater than the power of the arc welding power source corresponding to the second welding gun, and the output voltage of the arc welding power source corresponding to the first welding gun is less than the output voltage of the arc welding power source corresponding to the second welding gun.
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