CN115740308A - Method for manufacturing cylinder - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN115740308A CN115740308A CN202211297485.6A CN202211297485A CN115740308A CN 115740308 A CN115740308 A CN 115740308A CN 202211297485 A CN202211297485 A CN 202211297485A CN 115740308 A CN115740308 A CN 115740308A
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Abstract
A method of manufacturing a cylinder having a cylindrical body and an inner convex portion that protrudes radially inward and an outer convex portion that protrudes radially outward at one end of the body, the method comprising: providing a round bar blank with a diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the cylinder body; forming a first intermediate bar material with a cylindrical inner cavity from the round bar blank through a first die pressing procedure, wherein the diameter of the inner cavity of the first intermediate bar material is slightly smaller than that of the inner convex part of the cylinder; forming the first intermediate bar stock into a second generally cylindrical intermediate bar stock by a second die pressing process, the second intermediate bar stock having an inwardly radially projecting tab at one end thereof; carrying out backward extrusion and radial outward extrusion on the inner protruding part of the second intermediate bar through a third die pressing process, so as to form a semi-finished product with a cylinder profile; and finishing the semi-finished product to remove an excess portion, thereby forming a cylinder product. The method of the invention prepares the cylinder with reliable performance by a combined means mainly comprising step-by-step extrusion, obviously reduces the material waste and improves the efficiency particularly in large-scale production.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to a method or process for manufacturing a cylinder. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a cylinder with an inner protrusion and an outer protrusion.
Background
Air cylinders are widely used as components of electrical connectors. For example, a cylinder is widely used in an ultra-high voltage conductive switch. Since such a cylinder has an inner convex portion and an outer convex portion at the bottom thereof, the prior art has adopted a method of providing a blank material having a reduced inner diameter and an increased outer diameter, and then performing machining such as cutting, chipping, etc. on the blank material to remove excess material, thereby producing a desired product. On the one hand, this manufacturing method obviously wastes a considerable portion of the metal material, thereby increasing the product cost. On the other hand, the efficiency of machining such as cutting and chipping is not high in terms of production efficiency relative to press molding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a manufacturing method of a cylinder, which not only can obviously reduce the waste of metal materials, but also can improve the production efficiency especially in large-scale production.
The cylinder to be manufactured according to the present invention has a cylindrical body, and an inner convex portion and an outer convex portion that are radially inwardly convex and radially outwardly convex at one end of the cylindrical body, wherein the cylindrical body, the inner convex portion and the outer convex portion are integrally formed and coaxial, the diameter of the inner convex portion is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical body, and the diameter of the outer convex portion is larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical body.
The manufacturing method of the present invention includes:
providing a (solid) round bar blank having a diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the cylindrical body of the cylinder (both being substantially equal);
providing a first female die, wherein the first female die is provided with a cylindrical inner cavity, and the diameter of the inner cavity corresponds to the outer diameter of the cylindrical body of the cylinder;
providing a first male die, wherein the first male die is cylindrical and the diameter of the first male die is smaller (slightly smaller) than that of the inner convex part of the cylinder;
providing a first round cushion, wherein the diameter of the first round cushion corresponds to the diameter of the cylindrical inner cavity of the first concave die;
placing the first round cushion into the cylindrical inner cavity of the first female die, and placing the round bar blank into the cylindrical inner cavity of the first female die, so that one end of the round bar blank is overlapped with the end face of the first round cushion;
after the first male die and the first female die are aligned, the first male die is pressed downwards to perform reverse extrusion on the round bar blank until a first intermediate bar with a cylindrical inner cavity is formed, and the end face, close to the first round pad, of the inner cavity of the first intermediate bar is provided with a connecting skin;
providing a second female die, wherein the second female die is provided with a cylindrical inner cavity, and the diameter of the inner cavity corresponds to the outer diameter of the cylindrical body of the cylinder;
providing a second male die, wherein the second male die is provided with a cylindrical first section, a cylindrical second section and a transition conical part positioned between the first section and the second section, the diameter of the cylindrical first section corresponds to that of the first male die, and the diameter of the cylindrical second section corresponds to the inner diameter of the cylindrical main body of the cylinder;
providing a second round cushion, the second round cushion having a cylindrical outer contour with a diameter corresponding to the inner cavity diameter of the second female die, the second round cushion being centrally formed with a cylindrical bore at least one end thereof with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the first section of the second male die for receiving the first section of the second male die during the die pressing process;
placing the second round cushion into a cylindrical inner cavity of a second female die, removing the connecting skin of the first middle bar, placing the first middle bar into the cylindrical inner cavity of the second female die, and overlapping the first middle bar with the second round cushion, so that one end of the second round cushion with the cavity hole faces the first middle bar;
after the second male die and the second female die are aligned, the second male die is pressed downwards to perform reverse extrusion on the first intermediate bar stock, so that a second intermediate bar stock with a cylindrical structure is obtained, and one end of the second intermediate bar stock is provided with an inner protruding part protruding inwards in the radial direction;
providing a third female die, wherein the third female die is provided with a cylindrical inner cavity, and the diameter of the inner cavity corresponds to the diameter of the cylinder convex part;
providing a third male die, wherein the third male die is provided with a cylindrical first section, a cylindrical second section and a transition conical part positioned between the first section and the second section, the diameter of the cylindrical first section corresponds to that of the first male die, and the diameter of the cylindrical second section corresponds to that of the convex part in the cylinder;
providing a third round cushion, the third round cushion having a cylindrical outer profile with a diameter corresponding to the inner cavity diameter of the third female die, the third round cushion centrally formed at least one end thereof with a cylindrical bore with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the first section of the third male die for receiving the first section of the third male die during the die pressing;
placing a third round cushion into a cylindrical inner cavity of a third female die, and placing a second middle bar into the cylindrical inner cavity of the third female die in the middle, so that one end of the second middle bar with an inner protrusion is abutted to one end of the third round cushion with a cavity hole;
after the third male die and the third female die are aligned, the third male die is pressed downwards to perform reverse extrusion and radial outward extrusion on the inner protruding part of the second middle bar material until a semi-finished product with a cylinder profile is formed; and
finishing the semi-finished product to remove an excess portion, thereby forming a cylinder product.
According to the invention, the cavity hole of the second round cushion can be a through hole, and the cavity hole of the third round cushion can also be a through hole.
According to the invention, the first intermediate billet can be extracted from the first die by pushing the first round pad upwards. A second intermediate billet can also be taken out of the second female die by pushing the second round pad upwards. The semi-finished product can also be taken out of the third female die by pushing the third round pad upwards. The taking-out mode is not only convenient, but also does not damage the product.
According to the invention, the round bar stock is preferably made of a copper alloy material comprising the following composition (volume fraction): 10 percent of W; carbon fiber: 0.01 percent; cr:0.2 percent; the balance being Cu. The material has good conductivity and is very beneficial to step-by-step extrusion forming.
In the case of the above copper alloy material, the round bar stock is preferably heated to the first deformation temperature and placed in the first die. The first deformation temperature is preferably 835 ℃ to 865 ℃, more preferably 850 ℃. The first intermediate billet is preferably heated to a second variable temperature and placed in a second die. The second shape transition temperature is preferably 870 to 890 c, more preferably 880 c. In addition, the second intermediate billet is also preferably heated to the second deformation temperature and placed in a third die. The setting of different deformation temperatures is not only suitable for the corresponding extrusion working procedures, but also enables the extruded products to obtain good forging wear resistance.
The manufacturing method is reliable and practical, and the cylinder with reliable performance is manufactured by means of a combination method mainly based on step-by-step extrusion, so that the waste of metal materials can be obviously reduced, and the production efficiency particularly in large-scale production can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a cylinder made in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a first extrusion process of the manufacturing method according to the invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a second extrusion process of the manufacturing method according to the invention;
fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a third extrusion process of the manufacturing method according to the invention; and
fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of the area a in fig. 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the following described embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the same in any way.
As shown in fig. 1, a cylinder 100 to be manufactured according to the present invention has a cylindrical body 101, and an inner protrusion 102 protruding radially inward and an outer protrusion 103 protruding radially outward at one end of the cylindrical body, wherein the cylindrical body 101, the inner protrusion 102 and the outer protrusion 103 are integrally formed and coaxial, the inner protrusion 102 has a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical body 101, and the outer protrusion 103 has a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical body 101.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the cylinder 100 is made of a copper alloy material and has the following composition (in volume fraction): 10 percent of W; carbon fiber: 0.01 percent; cr:0.2 percent; the balance being Cu.
Fig. 2 shows a first extrusion/molding process of the cylinder fabricating method according to the present invention.
First, the above-described copper alloy material is forged to form a (solid) round bar material 205, and the diameter of the round bar material 205 corresponds to the outer diameter of the cylindrical body 101 (both are substantially equal). In addition, the volume of the round bar stock 205 corresponds to the material volume of the finished cylinder 100, and the volume of the round bar stock 205 is generally slightly larger than the material volume of the finished cylinder 100 in view of the small amount of material loss inevitable during the manufacturing process.
As shown in fig. 2, the process uses a mold including a first male mold 201, a first female mold 203, and a first round pad 207. The first punch 201 can be fastened to a molding press device (not shown) by means of a first punch retainer 202, and the first die 203 can be pre-tensioned and fixed by means of a first pre-stressing ring 204. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the first punch retainer 202 and the first pre-stressing ring 204 are merely exemplary, and any other suitable fixing/connecting means may be selected according to the actual use scenario. The first punch 201 has a cylindrical shape with a diameter smaller (slightly smaller) than the diameter of the cylinder inner boss 102. The first die 203 has a cylindrical cavity with a diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the cylinder cylindrical body 101. The diameter of the first round pad 207 corresponds to the diameter of the cylindrical cavity of the first female die 203.
The first round cushion 207 is placed into the cylindrical inner cavity of the first concave die 203, and the round bar blank 205 is heated to 850 ℃ and then placed into the cylindrical inner cavity of the first concave die 203, so that one end of the round bar blank 205 is overlapped with the end face of the first round cushion 207.
Then, after aligning the first male die 201 with the first female die 203 (aligning position), the first male die 201 is pressed down to extrude the round bar blank 205 in a reverse direction (the material is deformed in a direction opposite to the pressed direction after being pressed), until a first intermediate bar 206 having a cylindrical inner cavity is formed, and the first intermediate bar 206 has a skin on the end surface of the inner cavity close to the first round pad 207.
The first intermediate bar stock 206 can then be removed from the first die 203 by pushing the first round pad 207 upwards.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a second extrusion process of the manufacturing method according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the mold used in this process includes: a second male die 301, a second female die 303 and a second round pad 307. The second punch 301 may be secured to the die press apparatus (not shown) by a second punch retainer 302 and the second die 303 may be pre-tensioned and secured by a second pre-tensioned ring 304. The second punch 301 has a coaxial cylindrical first section (the lower section with the smaller diameter in the figure), a cylindrical second section (the upper section with the larger diameter in the figure) with a diameter corresponding to that of the first punch 201, and a transitional (frusto) conical section between the first and second sections with a diameter corresponding to the internal diameter of the cylindrical body 101 of the cylinder. The second female die 303 has a cylindrical cavity with a diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the cylindrical body 101 of the cylinder. The second round cushion 307 has a cylindrical outer contour having a diameter corresponding to the inner cavity diameter of the second female die 303, and the second round cushion 307 is centrally formed at least one end (upper end in the drawing) thereof with a cylindrical bore having a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the first section of the second male die 301 for receiving the first section of the second male die 301 during the molding process. The cavity may be formed as a blind or through hole.
The second round pad 307 is placed into the cylindrical cavity of the second female die 303, the first intermediate rod 206 is skinned off and heated to 880 ℃ and placed into the cylindrical cavity of the second female die 303 and stacked with the second round pad 307 so that the apertured end of the second round pad 307 faces the first intermediate rod 206.
The second punch 301 is then brought into register with the second die 303 and the second punch 301 is pressed down to back-extrude the first intermediate bar stock 206 to give a second intermediate bar stock 306 of generally cylindrical configuration, the second intermediate bar stock 306 having at one end (the lower end in the figure) an inwardly radially projecting protrusion.
The second intermediate billet 306 can then be removed from the second die 303 by pushing the second round pad 307 upwards.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a third extrusion process of the manufacturing method according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the mold used in this process includes: a third male die 401, a third female die 403 and a third round pad 407. The third punch 401 may be secured to the molding press apparatus (not shown) by a third punch retainer 402 and the third die 403 may be pre-tensioned and secured by a third pre-tensioned ring 404. The third punch 401 has a coaxial cylindrical first section (the lower section with a smaller diameter in the figure), a cylindrical second section (the upper section with a larger diameter in the figure) with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the first punch 201, and a transition cone between the first and second sections with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the cylinder inner boss 102. The third female die 403 has a cylindrical cavity with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the cylinder male part 103. The third round pad 407 has a cylindrical outer contour having a diameter corresponding to the inner cavity diameter of the third female die 403, and the third round pad 407 is centrally formed at least one end (upper end in the drawing) thereof with a cylindrical bore having a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the first section of the third male die 401 for receiving the first section of the third male die 401 during the die-pressing process. The cavity of the third pad 407 may be a blind hole or a through hole.
A third round pad 407 is placed in the cylindrical cavity of the third female die 403 and the second intermediate bar 306 is heated to 880 ℃ and then placed centrally in the cylindrical cavity of the third female die 403 so that the end of the second intermediate bar 306 with the internal protrusion and the end of the third round pad 407 with the bore abut against each other.
Then, after aligning the third male die 401 with the third female die 403, the third male die 401 is pressed downwards to perform backward extrusion and radially outward extrusion on the inner convex portion of the second intermediate bar 306 until a semi-finished product 406 with a cylinder profile is formed.
The semi-finished product 406 can then be taken out of the third female die 403 by pushing up the third round pad 407.
Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of the area a in fig. 4. As shown in fig. 5, in addition to the convex portion 501, a press-residual portion 502 is present in the semi-finished product 406. The residual stress portion 502 may be removed in a subsequent finishing process (e.g., by machining, which is conventional in the art and not described in detail herein), thereby forming the finished cylinder 100 of the present invention.
As described above, according to the present invention, the cylinder having the inner convex portion and the outer convex portion with reliable performance is manufactured by the manufacturing method mainly including the first to third extrusion processes, so that not only can waste of metal materials be remarkably reduced, but also the production efficiency particularly in mass production can be improved.
Claims (10)
1. A method of manufacturing a cylinder having a cylindrical body, and an inner protrusion protruding radially inward and an outer protrusion protruding radially outward at one end of the cylindrical body, wherein the cylindrical body, the inner protrusion and the outer protrusion are integrally formed and coaxial, the inner protrusion has a diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the cylindrical body, and the outer protrusion has a diameter larger than an outer diameter of the cylindrical body, the method comprising:
providing a round bar blank, wherein the diameter of the round bar blank corresponds to the outer diameter of the cylindrical body of the cylinder;
providing a first female die, wherein the first female die is provided with a cylindrical inner cavity, and the diameter of the inner cavity corresponds to the outer diameter of the cylindrical body of the cylinder;
providing a first male die, wherein the first male die is cylindrical and the diameter of the first male die is smaller than that of the convex part in the cylinder;
providing a first round cushion, wherein the diameter of the first round cushion corresponds to the diameter of the cylindrical inner cavity of the first concave die;
placing the first round cushion into the cylindrical inner cavity of the first female die, and placing the round bar blank into the cylindrical inner cavity of the first female die, so that one end of the round bar blank is overlapped with the end face of the first round cushion;
after the first male die and the first female die are aligned, the first male die is pressed downwards to perform reverse extrusion on the round bar blank until a first intermediate bar with a cylindrical inner cavity is formed, and the end face, close to the first round pad, of the inner cavity of the first intermediate bar is provided with a connecting skin;
providing a second female die, wherein the second female die is provided with a cylindrical inner cavity, and the diameter of the inner cavity corresponds to the outer diameter of the cylindrical body of the cylinder;
providing a second male die, wherein the second male die is provided with a cylindrical first section, a cylindrical second section and a transitional conical part positioned between the first section and the second section, the diameter of the cylindrical first section corresponds to that of the first male die, and the diameter of the cylindrical second section corresponds to the inner diameter of the cylindrical main body of the cylinder;
providing a second round cushion, the second round cushion having a cylindrical outer contour with a diameter corresponding to the inner cavity diameter of the second female die, the second round cushion being centrally formed with a cylindrical bore at least one end thereof with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the first section of the second male die for receiving the first section of the second male die during the die pressing process;
placing the second round cushion into a cylindrical inner cavity of a second female die, removing the connecting skin of the first middle bar, placing the first middle bar into the cylindrical inner cavity of the second female die, and overlapping the first middle bar with the second round cushion, so that one end of the second round cushion with the cavity hole faces the first middle bar;
after the second male die and the second female die are aligned, the second male die is pressed downwards to perform reverse extrusion on the first intermediate bar stock, so that a second intermediate bar stock with a cylindrical structure is obtained, and one end of the second intermediate bar stock is provided with an inner protruding part protruding inwards in the radial direction;
providing a third female die, wherein the third female die is provided with a cylindrical inner cavity, and the diameter of the inner cavity corresponds to the diameter of the cylinder outer convex part;
providing a third male die, wherein the third male die is provided with a cylindrical first section, a cylindrical second section and a transitional conical part positioned between the first section and the second section, the diameter of the cylindrical first section corresponds to that of the first male die, and the diameter of the cylindrical second section corresponds to that of the convex part in the cylinder;
providing a third round cushion, the third round cushion having a cylindrical outer contour with a diameter corresponding to the inner cavity diameter of the third female die, the third round cushion being centrally formed with a cylindrical bore at least one end thereof with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the first section of the third male die for receiving the first section of the third male die during the die pressing process;
placing a third round cushion into a cylindrical inner cavity of a third female die, and placing a second middle bar into the cylindrical inner cavity of the third female die in the middle, so that one end of the second middle bar with an inner protrusion is abutted to one end of the third round cushion with a cavity hole;
after the third male die and the third female die are aligned, the third male die is pressed downwards to perform reverse extrusion and radial outward extrusion on the inner protruding part of the second middle bar material until a semi-finished product with a cylinder profile is formed; and
finishing the semi-finished product to remove an excess portion, thereby forming a cylinder product.
2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the cavity of the second pad is a through hole.
3. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the bore of the third pad is a through-hole.
4. A method of manufacture according to claim 1, wherein the first intermediate billet is removed from the first die by pushing the first round pad upwards.
5. A method of manufacture according to claim 1, wherein the second intermediate billet is removed from the second die by pushing the second round pad upwards.
6. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the semi-finished product is removed from the third female die by pushing the third round pad upward.
7. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the round bar stock is made of a material containing the following volume fractions of components:
10 percent of W; carbon fiber: 0.01 percent; cr:0.2 percent; the balance being Cu.
8. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein the round bar stock is placed in the first concave die after being heated to 835 ℃ to 865 ℃.
9. A method of manufacture according to claim 8, wherein the first intermediate bar is heated to 870 ℃ to 890 ℃ and placed in the second die.
10. A method of manufacture according to claim 9, wherein the second intermediate billet is heated to 870 ℃ to 890 ℃ and placed in the third die.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211297485.6A CN115740308A (en) | 2022-10-22 | 2022-10-22 | Method for manufacturing cylinder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211297485.6A CN115740308A (en) | 2022-10-22 | 2022-10-22 | Method for manufacturing cylinder |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115740308A true CN115740308A (en) | 2023-03-07 |
Family
ID=85352732
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211297485.6A Pending CN115740308A (en) | 2022-10-22 | 2022-10-22 | Method for manufacturing cylinder |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115740308A (en) |
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2022
- 2022-10-22 CN CN202211297485.6A patent/CN115740308A/en active Pending
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