CN115726905B - Liquid oxygen and kerosene torch type igniter - Google Patents
Liquid oxygen and kerosene torch type igniter Download PDFInfo
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- CN115726905B CN115726905B CN202211438319.3A CN202211438319A CN115726905B CN 115726905 B CN115726905 B CN 115726905B CN 202211438319 A CN202211438319 A CN 202211438319A CN 115726905 B CN115726905 B CN 115726905B
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- liquid oxygen
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- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 302
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a liquid oxygen and kerosene torch igniter, wherein a body shell of the igniter adopts a double-layer structure, a kerosene storage layer is arranged in the wall of the body shell, the temperature of a combustion chamber can be reduced while outputting kerosene, a nozzle assembly is formed by a liquid oxygen nozzle and a kerosene nozzle which are sleeved with an inner ring and an outer ring to form a single-group double-centrifugal structure, injection holes are respectively arranged on the liquid oxygen nozzle and the kerosene nozzle, liquid oxygen and kerosene respectively enter opposite nozzles through the injection holes, liquid oxygen and kerosene are atomized after being separated from the nozzle assembly under the action of centrifugal force to form a liquid film, and combustion gas formed by burning and mixing the atomized liquid oxygen and kerosene in the combustion chamber is expanded through a bottom laryngeal chamber of the body shell to be sprayed out in a high-speed jet mode to form a torch. The liquid oxygen and kerosene torch type igniter can adopt the same oxidant as the engine, thereby avoiding the danger of high-pressure gas oxygen, reducing a propellant, greatly reducing the complexity of an ignition structure and improving the safety and reliability of the igniter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rocket engine ignition devices, relates to a liquid oxygen and kerosene torch type igniter for a liquid rocket engine, and particularly relates to a liquid oxygen and kerosene torch type igniter which can be applied to ignition of a liquid oxygen and kerosene rocket engine.
Background
For a liquid rocket engine, when a non-self-ignition propellant is used, a special ignition device is required to be arranged for ignition of the liquid rocket engine so as to realize ignition starting of the liquid rocket engine. The most widely used ignition modes on the existing liquid rocket engine are as follows: chemical ignition, powder ignition, spark ignition, and torch type igniters. Torch igniters have found successful use in space engines, such as the U.S. RL-10, J-2 and SSME, the Japanese LE-5/7, and the Russian RD-0120 engines, among others, all using torch igniters. In China, flare igniters are also adopted in ground equipment and some engines, and are successfully used for the ground equipment. Different series of torch type igniters are developed and successfully applied by various domestic research institutions, and the torch type igniters mainly comprise igniters of two types of propellant combinations of gas oxygen/alcohol and gas oxygen/kerosene, such as a regenerated cooling liquid oxygen methane torch igniter disclosed in publication No. CN114151234A and a gas oxygen/gas methane torch igniter disclosed in publication No. CN110513719A, and torch ignition is still the main ignition scheme of the current engine ignition from the viewpoints of reliable ignition, convenience for multiple ignition, cost reduction, technical maturity and the like. For a liquid oxygen/kerosene rocket engine, a gas oxygen/kerosene torch type igniter is still adopted at home at present, however, because the gas oxygen is high-pressure oxygen, the gas oxygen has higher danger, a propellant is additionally added in an ignition system, and the ignition structure system is relatively complex.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a liquid oxygen and kerosene torch type igniter, which adopts the same oxidant liquid oxygen as an engine, and a single-group double-centrifugal nozzle assembly is arranged in a shell, so that an ignition structure is simplified, and meanwhile, the problems that high risk exists due to the adoption of high-pressure air oxygen and propellant needs to be additionally added are avoided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The liquid oxygen and kerosene torch type igniter comprises a head shell and a body shell connected to the lower end of the head shell, wherein a spark plug is axially arranged on the upper end face of the head shell, one end of the spark plug extends into the vicinity of the lower end face of the head shell, a liquid oxygen leading-in hole extending into the head shell is radially arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the upper end of the head shell, a nozzle cavity is axially formed on the lower end face of the head shell, a nozzle assembly is nested in the nozzle cavity, the upper end of the nozzle assembly penetrates through the bottom of the nozzle cavity and extends into the liquid oxygen leading-in hole, the lower end of the nozzle assembly is sealed with the lower end of the nozzle cavity, and a kerosene liquid collecting cavity is formed by the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle assembly and the inner peripheral surface of the nozzle cavity at intervals; the periphery of the end part of the nozzle component extending into the liquid oxygen introduction hole is provided with a liquid oxygen injection hole penetrating through the end part of the nozzle component, and the periphery of the nozzle component embedded in the nozzle cavity is provided with a kerosene injection hole penetrating through the periphery of the nozzle component; the peripheral surface of the lower end of the head shell is provided with a plurality of kerosene drainage holes communicated with the kerosene liquid collecting cavity in a radial distribution manner; a kerosene storage layer is embedded in the shell wall of the body shell, a kerosene inlet is arranged on the peripheral surface of the body shell, the kerosene inlet is in through connection with the kerosene storage layer, and the upper end of the kerosene storage layer is communicated with the kerosene drainage hole; the liquid oxygen for ignition enters the nozzle assembly from the liquid oxygen inlet through the liquid oxygen injection hole, the kerosene for ignition enters the nozzle assembly from the kerosene inlet through the kerosene injection hole, and the liquid oxygen and the kerosene in the nozzle assembly enter the inner cavity of the body shell after centrifugal mixing atomization and are ignited by the spark plug to form fuel gas to be sprayed out from the bottom of the body shell.
Further, the nozzle assembly comprises a liquid oxygen nozzle and a kerosene nozzle, wherein the liquid oxygen nozzle is nested at the end part of the kerosene nozzle, and the periphery of the end part of the liquid oxygen nozzle extending out of the kerosene nozzle is provided with the liquid oxygen injection hole; the periphery of the kerosene nozzle nested in the nozzle cavity is provided with the kerosene injection hole, the liquid oxygen injection hole is used for communicating the inner cavity of the liquid oxygen nozzle with the liquid oxygen guide hole, and the kerosene injection hole is used for communicating the inner cavity of the kerosene nozzle with the kerosene liquid collecting cavity.
Further, the kerosene storage layer comprises a kerosene storage cavity, a kerosene storage channel and a kerosene drainage channel, wherein the kerosene storage cavity is embedded in the shell wall of the lower end part of the body shell in a surrounding mode, the kerosene storage channel and the kerosene drainage channel are embedded in the shell wall of the body shell at the upper end of the kerosene storage cavity in an interval distribution mode, the kerosene storage channel is communicated with the kerosene inlet and the kerosene storage cavity, and the kerosene drainage channel is communicated with the kerosene storage cavity and the kerosene drainage hole.
Further, the inside of the body shell is provided with a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber comprises a cylindrical combustion chamber and a conical necking combustion chamber which is integrated with the cylindrical combustion chamber, the bottom of the conical necking combustion chamber is provided with a throat chamber, and the atomized liquid oxygen kerosene is combusted and mixed in the combustion chamber to form combustion air which flows through the throat chamber and is expanded to be ejected out in a high-speed jet mode, so that a torch is formed.
Further, a pressure measuring hole penetrating the liquid oxygen introduction hole is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the head housing.
Further, a kerosene collecting tank is radially arranged on the peripheral surface of the lower end of the head shell, the lower end of the kerosene drainage hole extends to penetrate through the kerosene collecting tank, and the upper end of the kerosene drainage channel is communicated with the kerosene collecting tank.
Further, a liquid oxygen inlet nozzle is connected with the outer end part of the liquid oxygen inlet hole in a penetrating way, and a kerosene inlet nozzle is connected with the outer end part of the kerosene inlet hole in a penetrating way; the outer end part of the pressure measuring hole is connected with a pressure measuring joint mouth in a penetrating way.
Further, a fixing hole is radially formed in the periphery of the head shell, and a metal wire for fixing the spark plug is arranged in the fixing hole; the notch of the kerosene collecting tank is sleeved with a connecting ring, and the head shell and the body shell are connected into an integrated structure through the connecting ring.
Further, the lower end portion of the spark plug does not exceed the lower end face of the head housing.
Further, the outer peripheral surface of the bottom of the conical necking combustion chamber is radially connected with a body flange, and the outer peripheral surface of the head shell is radially connected with a head flange; the liquid oxygen inlet connector, the pressure measuring connector and the head shell are integrally formed by 3D printing, and the kerosene inlet connector and the body shell are integrally formed by 3D printing.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. Compared with a gas oxygen/kerosene torch igniter, the liquid oxygen kerosene torch igniter adopts the same kind of oxidant-liquid oxygen as an engine, so that the danger of high-pressure gas oxygen is avoided, a propellant in a system can be reduced, the complexity of the system structure can be greatly reduced, and the safety and reliability of the igniter are improved.
2. The liquid oxygen nozzle and the kerosene nozzle of the liquid oxygen kerosene torch type igniter form a single-group double-centrifugal design structure, the liquid oxygen nozzle and the kerosene nozzle are respectively provided with injection holes, liquid oxygen and kerosene enter the opposite nozzles through the injection holes respectively, rotate at a high speed under the action of centrifugal force, leave the nozzles and are unfolded into a liquid film, and the diffusion mixing effect is good.
3. The kerosene storage layer is embedded in the shell wall of the body shell to form a double-layer structure, and can be used as a drainage channel of kerosene and can radiate heat of a combustion chamber in the body shell when the kerosene storage layer flows.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a liquid oxygen kerosene torch igniter of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of the ignition pressure of a liquid oxygen kerosene torch igniter of the present invention.
The device comprises a 1-spark plug, a 2-fixed hole, a 3-head shell, a 4-liquid oxygen inlet nozzle, a 5-body shell, a 6-throat chamber, a 7-kerosene storage cavity, an 8-kerosene inlet, a 9-kerosene inlet nozzle, a 10-sealing gasket, an 11-kerosene drainage channel, a 12-combustion chamber, a 13-connecting ring, a 14-kerosene collecting tank, a 15-kerosene inlet hole, a 16-kerosene collecting cavity, a 17-kerosene nozzle, a 18-kerosene injection hole, a 19-pressure measuring nozzle, a 20-pressure measuring hole, a 21-liquid oxygen collecting cavity, a 22-liquid oxygen nozzle, a 23-liquid oxygen injection hole, a 24-liquid oxygen inlet hole and a 25-kerosene storage channel.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the accompanying drawings in order to more clearly understand the objects, features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather are merely illustrative of the true spirit of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1. The liquid oxygen and kerosene torch type igniter comprises a head shell 3 and a body shell 5 connected to the lower end of the head shell, wherein a spark plug 1 is axially arranged on the upper end face of the head shell 3, one end of the spark plug 1 extends into the vicinity of the lower end face of the head shell 3, a liquid oxygen leading-in hole 24 extending into the head shell 3 is radially arranged on the outer peripheral face of the upper end of the head shell 3, a nozzle cavity is axially arranged on the lower end face of the head shell 3, a nozzle assembly is nested in the nozzle cavity, the upper end of the nozzle assembly penetrates through the bottom of the nozzle cavity and extends into the liquid oxygen leading-in hole 24, the lower end of the nozzle assembly is sealed with the lower end of the nozzle cavity, and a kerosene liquid collecting cavity 16 is formed by the outer peripheral face of the nozzle assembly and the inner peripheral face of the nozzle cavity at intervals; the periphery of the end part of the nozzle assembly extending into the liquid oxygen introduction hole 24 is provided with a liquid oxygen injection hole 23 penetrating through the end part of the nozzle assembly, and the periphery of the nozzle assembly embedded in the nozzle cavity is provided with a kerosene injection hole 18 penetrating through the periphery of the nozzle assembly; the peripheral surface of the lower end of the head shell 3 is provided with a plurality of kerosene drainage holes 15 communicated with a kerosene liquid collecting cavity 16 in a radial distribution manner; a kerosene storage layer is embedded in the wall of the body shell 5, a kerosene inlet 8 is arranged on the peripheral surface of the body shell 5, the kerosene inlet 8 is communicated with the kerosene storage layer, and the upper end of the kerosene storage layer is communicated with the kerosene drainage hole 15; the liquid oxygen for ignition enters the nozzle assembly from the liquid oxygen inlet hole 24 through the liquid oxygen injection hole 23, the kerosene for ignition enters the nozzle assembly from the kerosene inlet hole 8 through the kerosene injection hole 18, and the liquid oxygen and the kerosene in the nozzle assembly enter the inner cavity of the body shell 5 after being centrifugally mixed and atomized, and are ignited by the spark plug 1 to form fuel gas to be sprayed out from the bottom of the body shell 5.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the head housing 3 has a disc-like columnar structure, and the liquid oxygen inlet 24 is radially perpendicular to the axial direction of the head housing and is located on the outer peripheral surface of the middle part of the head housing. The two spark plugs 1 are arranged in parallel at intervals, the lower ends of the two spark plugs axially extend to the vicinity of the lower end surface area of the head shell, each spark plug is fixedly connected with the upper end of the head shell 3 in a threaded mode and is arranged at the top end of the head shell 3, and the two spark plugs axially extend to the periphery of the nozzle cavity so that the ignition position is located outside the nozzle cavity.
The nozzle cavity is axially arranged at the center of the lower end of the head shell 3, is of a cylindrical cavity structure, and is provided with a groove at the peripheral edge of the lower end of the nozzle cavity, which faces to one end of the body shell 5. The periphery of the lower end of the nozzle assembly is provided with a lower flange, and the edge part of the lower flange is embedded in the groove of the nozzle cavity to seal the lower end of the nozzle assembly and the lower end of the nozzle cavity. The upper end periphery of the nozzle assembly is also provided with an upper flange, the upper flange is embedded at the bottom of the nozzle cavity, the end part of the nozzle assembly at the upper end of the upper flange extends into the liquid oxygen leading-in hole 24, and the upper flange, the lower flange and the outer periphery of the nozzle assembly form a kerosene liquid collecting cavity 16 with the inner periphery of the nozzle cavity. The liquid oxygen injection hole 23 is formed in the upper part of the upper flange and penetrates the liquid oxygen introduction hole 24, and the kerosene injection hole 18 is formed in the lower part of the upper flange and penetrates the kerosene collection chamber 16. Liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen introduction hole 24 passes through the liquid oxygen injection hole 23 and enters the nozzle assembly, and kerosene in the kerosene liquid collecting cavity 16 passes through the kerosene injection hole 18 and enters the nozzle assembly to be mixed with the liquid oxygen.
The kerosene drainage holes 15 comprise a plurality of kerosene drainage holes 15 which are uniformly distributed and arranged between the periphery of the kerosene liquid collecting cavity 16 and the periphery of the head shell in a radial circumference manner, the kerosene drainage holes 15 extend downwards from the periphery of the kerosene liquid collecting cavity 16 to the periphery of the lower end face of the head shell 3 in an axial direction in a tilting manner, and the upper ends of the kerosene drainage holes 15 are communicated with the kerosene liquid collecting cavity 16. The kerosene storage layer surrounds and sets up in the shell wall of body casing 5, and the kerosene storage layer upper end link up the shell wall terminal surface of body casing 5, and when body casing 5 and head casing were connected from top to bottom, the lower extreme of every kerosene drainage hole 15 was linked together with the upper end of kerosene storage layer.
Further, the nozzle assembly comprises a liquid oxygen nozzle 22 and a kerosene nozzle 17, wherein the liquid oxygen nozzle 22 is nested at the end part of the kerosene nozzle 17, and the liquid oxygen nozzle 22 extends out of the periphery of the end part of the kerosene nozzle and is provided with the liquid oxygen injection hole 23; the periphery of the kerosene nozzle nested in the nozzle cavity is provided with the kerosene injection hole 18, the liquid oxygen injection hole 23 communicates the inner cavity of the liquid oxygen nozzle 22 with the liquid oxygen guide hole 24, and the kerosene injection hole 18 communicates the inner cavity of the kerosene nozzle 17 with the kerosene liquid collecting cavity 16.
Specifically, the kerosene nozzle 17 and the liquid oxygen nozzle 22 in the nozzle cavity form a single-group double-centrifugal structure, and the kerosene nozzle 17 and the liquid oxygen nozzle 22 are both centrifugal nozzle structures. The liquid oxygen nozzle 22 is of a blind hole structure, an upper flange is radially arranged on the peripheral surface of the middle part of the liquid oxygen nozzle 22, and one closed end extends into the bottom of the liquid oxygen inlet hole 24. The open end of the liquid oxygen nozzle 22 is sleeved at the upper end of the kerosene nozzle 17, and the upper flange of the liquid oxygen nozzle 22 is supported on the upper end surface of the kerosene nozzle 17. The liquid oxygen injecting holes 23 penetrate the peripheral wall of the liquid oxygen nozzle 22 extending into the liquid oxygen inlet hole 24 so that liquid oxygen flows into the liquid oxygen nozzle 22 from the bottom of the liquid oxygen inlet hole 24, and the liquid oxygen injecting holes 23 are preferably distributed in 4 arrays on the liquid oxygen nozzle 22. The kerosene nozzle 17 is of a through hole structure, a lower flange is arranged on the periphery of the lower end of the kerosene nozzle 17, and the lower part of the kerosene nozzle 17 is in sealing fit with an end groove of the nozzle cavity. The inner peripheral surface of the upper end of the kerosene nozzle 17 is provided with a middle flange which slightly protrudes inwards, and the outer periphery of the liquid oxygen nozzle 22 is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the middle flange to form tight connection, so that the outer peripheral surface of the liquid oxygen nozzle 22 sleeved in the kerosene nozzle 14 and the inner peripheral surface of the kerosene nozzle 17 form an annular clearance space. The kerosene nozzle 17 has an annular kerosene liquid collecting chamber 16 formed between the outer peripheral surface, the lower flange, the inner peripheral surface of the nozzle chamber and the upper flange. The kerosene injection holes are preferably distributed in 4 arrays on the kerosene nozzle 17, and each of the kerosene injection holes 18 penetrates through the side wall of the kerosene nozzle 17 so that communication between the kerosene liquid collecting chamber 16 and the annular gap space allows kerosene to flow from the kerosene liquid collecting chamber 16 into the inside of the kerosene nozzle 17.
Further, the kerosene storage layer comprises a kerosene storage cavity 7, a kerosene storage channel 25 and a kerosene drainage channel 11, the kerosene storage cavity 7 is embedded in the lower end shell wall of the body shell 5 in a surrounding mode, the kerosene storage channel 25 is embedded in the middle shell wall of the body shell 5, the kerosene drainage channel 11 is embedded in the upper end shell wall of the body shell 5 in a distributed mode, the kerosene storage channel 25 is communicated with the kerosene inlet 8 and the kerosene storage cavity 7, and the kerosene drainage channel 11 is communicated with the kerosene storage cavity 7 and the kerosene drainage hole 15.
Specifically, the upper end of the body part shell 5 is a cylindrical cavity shell, the lower end of the body part shell is a conical necking cavity shell, the opening end of the upper end of the conical necking cavity shell is consistent with the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the cylindrical cavity shell, and the upper end and the inner diameter of the cylindrical cavity shell are connected into an integrated structure. The cross section of the conical necking cavity shell is of an approximate conical frustum structure, the curved surface of the inner peripheral surface of the conical necking cavity shell gradually contracts and transits to form a conical necking cavity shell with a large diameter at the upper end and a small diameter at the bottom, and the bottom of the lower end of the conical necking cavity shell is necked to form the throat end of the cylindrical cavity shell. The outer peripheral surface of the joint transition part of the conical necking cavity shell and the cylindrical cavity shell is provided with an outwards extending bulge, and the kerosene inlet 8 is arranged in the bulge part and is axially vertical to the cylindrical cavity shell. The kerosene storage cavity 7 is arranged in the inner wall of the weather section end, the kerosene storage cavity 7 is of an annular cavity shell structure, and the kerosene storage cavity 7 is circumferentially sleeved in the shell wall of the cylindrical cavity shell of the weather section end. The kerosene storage passage 25 is arranged in the shell wall of the conical necking cavity shell and axially extends from the inner end of the kerosene inlet 8 to the kerosene storage cavity 7 along the conical curve of the shell wall to penetrate the kerosene inlet 8 and the kerosene storage cavity 7. The kerosene drainage channels 11 comprise a plurality of kerosene drainage channels 11 which are uniformly distributed in the shell walls of the cylindrical cavity and the conical necking cavity, the kerosene drainage channels 11 extend into the kerosene storage cavity 7 from the upper end of the cylindrical cavity along the shell walls of the cylindrical cavity and the conical necking cavity, the upper end of each kerosene drainage channel 11 penetrates through the shell wall end face of the upper end of the body shell 5 to be communicated with the lower end of the kerosene inlet 8, and the lower end of each kerosene drainage channel 11 is communicated with the kerosene storage cavity 7, so that the quantity of the kerosene drainage channels 11 and the quantity of the kerosene inlets 8 are consistent. The kerosene drainage channel 11 in the wall of the body housing 5 is arranged in parallel with the kerosene storage channel 25 at a distance. The kerosene drainage channel 11 and the kerosene storage channel 25 are each a strip-shaped channel body. The kerosene for ignition enters the kerosene storage cavity 7 from the kerosene inlet 8 through the kerosene storage channel 25, enters the kerosene inlet 8 from the kerosene storage cavity 7 through the kerosene drainage channel 11, and flows into the kerosene collecting cavity 16 from the kerosene inlet 8. The annular gap cavity formed by the mutual communication of the kerosene storage channel 25, the kerosene storage cavity 7 and the kerosene drainage channel 11 divides the shell wall of the body shell 5 into an inner layer structure and an outer layer structure, and the kerosene storage channel, the kerosene storage cavity and the kerosene drainage channel have the function of radiating heat for the body shell while delivering kerosene.
Further, the inside of the body casing 5 is provided with a combustion chamber 12, the combustion chamber 12 comprises a cylindrical combustion chamber and a conical necking combustion chamber which is integrated with the cylindrical combustion chamber, the bottom of the conical necking combustion chamber is provided with a throat chamber 6, and combustion gas formed by the atomized liquid oxygen kerosene after combustion and mixing in the combustion chamber 12 is expanded through the throat chamber 6 to be ejected by high-speed jet so as to form a torch.
Specifically, the inner cavity of the cylindrical cavity shell of the body shell 5 is a cylindrical combustion chamber, the inner cavity of the conical necking cavity shell of the body shell 5 is a conical necking combustion chamber, and the inner cavity of the throat end at the lower end of the conical necking cavity shell is a throat chamber 6.
Further, the head housing 3 is provided with a pressure measuring hole 20 penetrating the liquid oxygen introduction hole 24 on the outer peripheral surface thereof. Specifically, the liquid oxygen introduction hole 24 is a cylindrical hole, the bottom of the liquid oxygen introduction hole extends to the center of the head housing 3, the liquid oxygen collection cavity 21 for accommodating the end part of the liquid oxygen nozzle is arranged at the bottom end of the liquid oxygen introduction hole 24 extending into the head housing, the inner cavity diameter of the liquid oxygen collection cavity 21 is larger than the inner diameter of the liquid oxygen introduction hole 24, and the liquid oxygen injection hole 23 penetrates the liquid oxygen collection cavity 21 and the liquid oxygen nozzle 22. One end of the pressure measuring hole 20 extending into the head shell 3 is communicated with the liquid oxygen liquid collecting cavity 21 of the liquid oxygen leading-in hole 24, and the outer end of the pressure measuring hole 20 is used for connecting equipment to test the pressure in the liquid oxygen liquid collecting cavity 21. In this embodiment, the hole diameter of the pressure measurement hole 20 is preferably smaller than the hole diameter of the liquid oxygen introduction hole 24, and both the pressure measurement hole 20 and the liquid oxygen introduction hole 24 are preferably coaxially provided so as to extend through the radially outer peripheral surface of the head housing. The pressure tap 20 is used to monitor the pressure within the head housing 3.
Alternatively, the pressure measuring hole 20 may be disposed at an axial direction perpendicular to the liquid oxygen introducing hole 24, that is, at a 90 ° interval in the radial direction of the head housing. Of course, as a means for monitoring the pressure in the liquid oxygen introduction hole 24, the pressure measurement hole 20 and the liquid oxygen introduction hole 24 may be communicated with each other.
Further, a kerosene collecting tank 14 is radially arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the lower end of the head housing 3, the kerosene drainage hole 15 extends to penetrate through the kerosene collecting tank 14, and the upper end of the kerosene drainage channel 11 is communicated with the kerosene collecting tank 14. The kerosene collecting tank 14 is an annular tank for transferring kerosene from the kerosene drainage channel 11 to the kerosene drainage holes 15, the kerosene drainage holes 15 comprise a plurality of kerosene drainage holes 15 which are arranged in the radial direction of the head shell 3 in a circumferential array, and the kerosene drainage holes 15 are distributed in the radial direction and have a certain inclination angle along the axial direction, so that the kerosene collecting tank 14 positioned at the peripheral end part of the head shell is communicated with the kerosene collecting cavity 16 positioned at the center of the head shell through the kerosene drainage holes 15. The kerosene collecting tank 14 can uniformly distribute and supply kerosene to each of the kerosene drainage holes 15.
Further, a liquid oxygen inlet nozzle 4 is connected to the outer end of the liquid oxygen introduction hole 24, and a kerosene inlet nozzle 9 is connected to the outer end of the kerosene introduction port 8; the outer end of the pressure measuring hole 20 is connected with a pressure measuring nozzle 19. The liquid oxygen inlet nozzle 4 and the pressure measuring nozzle 19 are integrally connected with the head housing 3 by welding, the kerosene inlet nozzle 9 is integrally connected with the body housing 5 by welding, and welding is preferably combined by brazing or electron beam welding. The outer periphery of the outer end of the liquid oxygen inlet tap 4, the outer periphery of the outer end of the pressure measuring tap 19 and the outer periphery of the outer end of the kerosene inlet tap are provided with external threads for connection, and a sealing gasket 10 is arranged in each outer end of the tap for connection and sealing. The gasket seal 10 is preferably a copper gasket.
Further, the head housing 3 and the body housing 5 are integrally formed by 3D printing, the liquid oxygen inlet nozzle 4 and the pressure measuring nozzle 19 are integrally formed with the head housing 3 by 3D printing, and the kerosene inlet nozzle 9 is integrally formed with the body housing 5 by 3D printing. The 3D printing material is preferably stainless steel.
Further, a fixing hole 2 is radially provided at the end of the head housing 3, and a wire for fixing the spark plug 1 is provided in the fixing hole 2. The metal wire fastens the spark plug through the fixing hole 2, so that the stability and reliability of the spark plug in the ignition process are ensured.
Further, in order to ensure that the liquid oxygen kerosene after ignition and centrifugation of the spark plug is ensured, one end part of the spark plug 1 extending into the lower end of the head shell 3 extends into the vicinity of the lower end surface of the head shell 3, and the lower end of the spark plug 1 does not exceed the connecting surface of the head shell and the body shell. Preferably, the lower end portion of the spark plug 1 is spaced from the lower end face of the head housing 3 by 0 to 1 mm.
Further, a connecting ring 13 is sleeved on the periphery of the kerosene collecting tank 14, and the head shell 3 and the body shell 5 are connected into a whole through the connecting ring 13. The connecting ring 13 is an annular piece, the connecting ring 13 connects the two ends of the head shell 3 and the body shell 5 into a whole in a welding way, the welded connecting ring 13 seals the peripheral notch of the kerosene collecting tank 14, so that the kerosene collecting tank 14 forms an annular groove cavity to uniformly distribute the kerosene flowing into the kerosene collecting tank 14 from the kerosene drainage channel 11 to each kerosene guiding hole 15. At this time, the number of kerosene introduction holes 15 and the number of kerosene drainage passages 11 may be inconsistent due to the transitional effect of the kerosene collection tank 14.
Preferably, the two are provided at a distance from each other at the end portion penetrating the kerosene collecting tank 14, that is, the kerosene introduction holes 15 are provided at positions circumferentially distributed in the head housing and the kerosene drainage passages 11 are provided at positions circumferentially distributed in the body housing.
Further, a body flange is radially connected to the bottom outer periphery of the body housing 5. Specifically, the body flange is sleeved and connected to the bottom peripheral surface of the tapered necking cavity shell of the body shell 5, and is integrally arranged with the body shell 5. The outer peripheral surface of the head shell is radially connected with a head flange plate. The body flange plate is arranged to enable the torch igniter to be connected with the thrust chamber in a flange connection mode, so that the fixation of the torch igniter is realized. The head flange is used for being fixedly connected with an external supporting device during test and test, and the stability of the whole test process is guaranteed.
The invention provides a torch type igniter, which has the working mode that: and connecting and fixing the flange plate of the body part of the torch igniter with the connecting flange of the thrust chamber. The kerosene enters the kerosene inlet 8 through the kerosene inlet connector 9, enters the kerosene storage cavity 7 through the kerosene storage channel 25 for storage, enters the kerosene collecting tank 14 through the kerosene drainage channel 11, uniformly enters the kerosene collecting cavity 16 through the plurality of kerosene inlet holes 15, enters the kerosene nozzle 17 through the 4 kerosene injection holes 18 of the kerosene nozzle 17, rotates at a high speed under the action of centrifugal force, and enters the combustion chamber 12 after leaving the kerosene nozzle 17 and expanding into a liquid film, so that the mixing ratio of a side area can be reduced, and the wall surface of the combustion chamber of the body shell is protected. Liquid oxygen enters the liquid oxygen introduction hole 24 through the liquid oxygen inlet connector 4, then enters the liquid oxygen collecting cavity 21 through the liquid oxygen introduction hole 24, then enters the liquid oxygen nozzle 22 through the 4 liquid oxygen injection holes 23 of the liquid oxygen nozzle 22, rotates at a high speed under the action of centrifugal force, leaves the liquid oxygen nozzle 22, spreads into a liquid film, and enters the combustion chamber 12. The kerosene and the liquid oxygen enter the combustion chamber 12 for atomization and mixing, the spark plug 1 ignites at the moment to ignite the combustion chamber 12 to form high-temperature rich combustion gas, and the combustion gas flow is mixed and concentrated to be expanded through the throat chamber 6 of the body shell to be sprayed out by high-speed jet so as to form a torch.
As shown in fig. 2. The invention has the advantages of normal and stable pressure and stable reliability through multiple hot fire tests.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A liquid oxygen, kerosene torch type igniter, which is characterized in that: comprises a head shell (3) and a body shell (5) connected to the lower end of the head shell (3), wherein the upper end face of the head shell (3) is axially provided with a spark plug (1), one end of the spark plug (1) extends into the vicinity of the lower end face of the head shell (3), the peripheral surface of the upper end of the head shell (3) is radially provided with a liquid oxygen introduction hole (24) extending into the head shell (3), the lower end face of the head shell (3) is axially provided with a nozzle cavity, a nozzle assembly is nested in the nozzle cavity, and the upper end of the nozzle assembly penetrates through the bottom of the nozzle cavity and extends into the liquid oxygen introduction hole (24), the lower end part of the nozzle assembly is sealed with the lower end of the nozzle cavity, and the peripheral surface of the nozzle assembly and the inner peripheral surface of the nozzle cavity are separated to form a kerosene liquid collecting cavity (16); the periphery of the end part of the nozzle component extending into the liquid oxygen introduction hole (24) is provided with a liquid oxygen injection hole (23) penetrating through the end part of the nozzle component, and the periphery of the nozzle component embedded in the nozzle cavity is provided with a kerosene injection hole (18) penetrating through the periphery of the nozzle component; the peripheral surface of the lower end of the head shell (3) is provided with a plurality of kerosene drainage holes (15) communicated with a kerosene liquid collecting cavity (16) in a radial distribution manner; a kerosene storage layer is embedded in the shell wall of the body shell (5), a kerosene inlet (8) is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the body shell (5), the kerosene inlet (8) is communicated with the kerosene storage layer, and the upper end of the kerosene storage layer is communicated with the kerosene drainage hole (15); liquid oxygen for ignition enters the nozzle assembly from the liquid oxygen introduction hole (24) through the liquid oxygen injection hole (23), kerosene for ignition enters the nozzle assembly from the kerosene introduction hole (8) through the kerosene injection hole (18), and liquid oxygen and kerosene in the nozzle assembly enter the inner cavity of the body shell (5) after centrifugal mixing atomization and are ignited by the spark plug (1) to form fuel gas to be sprayed out from the bottom of the body shell (5); the nozzle assembly comprises a liquid oxygen nozzle (22) and a kerosene nozzle (17), the liquid oxygen nozzle (22) is nested at the end part of the kerosene nozzle (17), and the liquid oxygen nozzle (22) extends out of the periphery of the end part of the kerosene nozzle (17) to be provided with the liquid oxygen injection hole (23); the periphery of a kerosene nozzle (17) nested in the nozzle cavity is provided with the kerosene injection hole (18), the liquid oxygen injection hole (23) is used for communicating the inner cavity of the liquid oxygen nozzle (22) with the liquid oxygen introduction hole (24), and the kerosene injection hole (18) is used for communicating the inner cavity of the kerosene nozzle (17) with the kerosene liquid collection cavity (16); the kerosene storage layer comprises a kerosene storage cavity (7), a kerosene storage channel (25) and a kerosene drainage channel (11), wherein the kerosene storage cavity (7) is embedded in the shell wall at the lower end part of the body shell (5) in a surrounding mode, the kerosene storage channel (25) and the kerosene drainage channel (11) are embedded in the shell wall of the body shell (5) at the upper end of the kerosene storage cavity (7) in a spaced mode, the kerosene storage channel (25) is communicated with the kerosene inlet (8) and the kerosene storage cavity (7), and the kerosene drainage channel (11) is communicated with the kerosene storage cavity (7) and the kerosene drainage hole (15); the inside of the body shell (5) is provided with a combustion chamber (12), the combustion chamber (12) comprises a cylindrical combustion chamber and a conical necking combustion chamber which is integrated with the cylindrical combustion chamber, the bottom of the conical necking combustion chamber is provided with a throat chamber (6), and atomized liquid oxygen kerosene is combusted and mixed in the combustion chamber (12) to form combustion gas which flows through the throat chamber (6) and is expanded to be sprayed out in a high-speed jet mode to form a torch.
2. The liquid oxygen, kerosene torch igniter of claim 1 wherein: the outer peripheral surface of the head housing (3) is provided with a pressure measuring hole (20) which is communicated with the liquid oxygen introduction hole (24).
3. A liquid oxygen, kerosene torch igniter as defined in claim 2 wherein: the periphery of the lower end of the head shell (3) is radially provided with a kerosene collecting tank (14), the lower end of the kerosene drainage hole (15) extends to penetrate through the kerosene collecting tank (14), and the upper end of the kerosene drainage channel (11) is communicated with the kerosene collecting tank (14).
4. A liquid oxygen, kerosene torch igniter as defined in claim 3 wherein: the outer end part of the liquid oxygen inlet hole (24) is connected with a liquid oxygen inlet joint mouth (4) in a penetrating way, and the outer end part of the kerosene inlet (8) is connected with a kerosene inlet joint mouth (9) in a penetrating way; the outer end part of the pressure measuring hole (20) is connected with a pressure measuring joint (19) in a penetrating way.
5. The liquid oxygen, kerosene torch igniter of claim 4 wherein: the periphery of the head shell (3) is radially provided with a fixing hole (2), and a metal wire for fixing the spark plug (1) is arranged in the fixing hole (2); the notch of the kerosene collecting tank (14) is sleeved with a connecting ring (13), and the head shell (3) and the body shell (5) are connected into an integrated structure through the connecting ring (13).
6. The liquid oxygen, kerosene torch igniter of claim 5 wherein: the lower end of the spark plug (1) does not exceed the lower end face of the head housing (3).
7. The liquid oxygen, kerosene torch igniter of claim 6 wherein: the bottom periphery of the body shell (5) is radially connected with a body flange.
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| CN202211438319.3A CN115726905B (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2022-11-16 | Liquid oxygen and kerosene torch type igniter |
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| CN202211438319.3A CN115726905B (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2022-11-16 | Liquid oxygen and kerosene torch type igniter |
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| CN115726905B true CN115726905B (en) | 2024-06-11 |
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| US6205770B1 (en) * | 1999-03-10 | 2001-03-27 | Gregg G. Williams | Rocket engine |
| KR100858964B1 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2008-09-17 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Reer burning device for small jet engine using torch |
| RU2495272C1 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2013-10-10 | Владимир Викторович Черниченко | Method of feeding three-component fuel into liquid-propellant rocket engine chamber |
| CN110552815A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-12-10 | 西安航天动力研究所 | torch type electric igniter for oxygen/kerosene rich combustion |
| CN216518320U (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-05-13 | 中南大学 | Gas generator |
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2022
- 2022-11-16 CN CN202211438319.3A patent/CN115726905B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6205770B1 (en) * | 1999-03-10 | 2001-03-27 | Gregg G. Williams | Rocket engine |
| KR100858964B1 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2008-09-17 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Reer burning device for small jet engine using torch |
| RU2495272C1 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2013-10-10 | Владимир Викторович Черниченко | Method of feeding three-component fuel into liquid-propellant rocket engine chamber |
| CN110552815A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-12-10 | 西安航天动力研究所 | torch type electric igniter for oxygen/kerosene rich combustion |
| CN216518320U (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-05-13 | 中南大学 | Gas generator |
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| CN115726905A (en) | 2023-03-03 |
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