CN115720160B - Data communication method and system based on quantum key - Google Patents
Data communication method and system based on quantum key Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a data communication method and system based on a quantum key. The method comprises the steps that a quantum key distribution server obtains a quantum key from a quantum random number generator; the first instant messaging client acquires the quantum key and the key of the second instant messaging client; simultaneously, the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key; the first instant messaging client and the second instant messaging client are instant messaging clients for data communication; the first instant messaging client encrypts data to be transmitted by utilizing the quantum key and a randomly acquired encryption algorithm to determine encrypted data; the first instant messaging client encrypts the quantum key by using the key of the second instant messaging client; and sending the encrypted quantum key, the encrypted data and a random algorithm instruction corresponding to the randomly acquired encryption algorithm to the second instant messaging client. The invention can improve the safety of data communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication encryption, in particular to a data communication method and system based on a quantum key.
Background
Currently, encrypted communication is mainly performed by two methods, namely a fixed key and a software random key. Both of these methods have some safety concerns.
The fixed key is that both communication parties use a certain fixed key to encrypt data by using a corresponding encryption algorithm. With a fixed key, if the fixed key is acquired maliciously, the communication process will become transparent and no longer secure. The software random key refers to a random key generated by a software method, which is also called a pseudo random number key, and the key is not a true random number and can be cracked theoretically.
Accordingly, in view of the above-described problems, there is a need to provide an encrypted communication method or system with high security.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a data communication method and system based on a quantum key, which can improve the safety of data communication.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a data communication method based on quantum keys, comprising:
the quantum key distribution server obtains a quantum key from the quantum random number generator;
the first instant messaging client acquires the quantum key and the key of the second instant messaging client; simultaneously, the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key; the first instant messaging client and the second instant messaging client are instant messaging clients for data communication;
the first instant messaging client encrypts data to be transmitted by utilizing the quantum key and a randomly acquired encryption algorithm to determine encrypted data;
the first instant messaging client encrypts the quantum key by using the key of the second instant messaging client; and sending the encrypted quantum key, the encrypted data and a random algorithm instruction corresponding to the randomly acquired encryption algorithm to the second instant messaging client.
Optionally, the first instant messaging client obtains the quantum key and the key of the second instant messaging client; meanwhile, the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the IM server sends the public key of the IM server to the quantum key distribution server;
the quantum key distribution server encrypts the quantum key by utilizing the public key of the IM server to obtain a first encrypted quantum key;
the IM server obtains the first encrypted quantum key from the quantum key distribution server, and decrypts the first encrypted quantum key by utilizing a private key of the IM server to obtain the quantum key; at the same time, the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key;
the IM server encrypts the quantum key by utilizing the public key of the first instant messaging client to obtain a second encrypted quantum key;
the first instant messaging client acquires the second encrypted quantum key from the IM server, and decrypts the second encrypted quantum key by utilizing a private key of the first instant messaging client to acquire the quantum key; at the same time, the IM server deletes the quantum key.
Optionally, communication is performed between the IM server and the quantum key distribution server and between the IM server and the first instant messaging client through the Internet.
Optionally, the first instant messaging client obtains the quantum key and the key of the second instant messaging client; meanwhile, the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the decentralization sub-server sends the public key of the decentralization sub-server to the quantum key distribution server;
the quantum key distribution server encrypts the quantum key by utilizing the public key of the decentralization sub-server to obtain a third encrypted quantum key;
the decentralizing sub-server acquires the third encrypted quantum key from the quantum key distribution server, and decrypts the third encrypted quantum key by utilizing a private key of the decentralizing sub-server to acquire the quantum key; at the same time, the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key;
the decentralizing sub-server encrypts the quantum key by using the obtained public key of the first instant messaging client to obtain a fourth encrypted quantum key;
the first instant messaging client obtains the fourth encryption quantum key from the decentralization sub-server, and decrypts the fourth encryption quantum key by utilizing a private key of the first instant messaging client to obtain the quantum key; at the same time, the decentralised sub-server deletes the quantum key.
Optionally, the communication between the decentralizing sub-server and the quantum key distribution server is performed through the Internet.
Optionally, the communication between the decentralizing sub-server and the first instant messaging client is performed through a protocol penetration server.
A quantum key based data communication system comprising:
the quantum key acquisition module is used for acquiring the quantum key from the quantum random number generator by the quantum key distribution server;
the key acquisition module is used for acquiring the quantum key and the key of the second instant messaging client by the first instant messaging client; simultaneously, the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key; the first instant messaging client and the second instant messaging client are instant messaging clients for data communication;
the data encryption module is used for encrypting data to be transmitted by the first instant messaging client by utilizing the quantum key and an encryption algorithm obtained randomly to determine encrypted data;
the encryption data transmission module is used for encrypting the quantum key by the first instant messaging client by using the key of the second instant messaging client; and sending the encrypted quantum key, the encrypted data and a random algorithm instruction corresponding to the randomly acquired encryption algorithm to the second instant messaging client.
A quantum key based data communication system comprising: at least one processor, at least one memory, and computer program instructions stored in the memory, which when executed by the processor, implement a quantum key based data communication method as described.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the data communication method and system based on the quantum key, the quantum key is obtained by using the quantum random number generator, namely, the absolute safety of data and the true randomness of the quantum key are ensured through the quantum random number. After the quantum key is obtained from the quantum key distribution server, the quantum key distribution server automatically clears the key data and does not send the key data to other servers, so that the uniqueness is ensured. And encrypting the data to be transmitted by using the quantum key and the randomly acquired encryption algorithm to determine the encrypted data, thereby ensuring the safety of data communication.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a data communication method based on a quantum key provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an architecture employing an IM server;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a configuration employing a de-centralized sub-server.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a data communication method and system based on a quantum key, which can improve the safety of data communication.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a data communication method based on a quantum key provided by the invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the data communication method based on the quantum key provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, the quantum key distribution server acquires a quantum key from the quantum random number generator.
The quantum random number generator is used as a novel random number source and has a truly safe random number source in a physical sense. The data collected by the algorithm and the physical noise can be cracked as long as the data has enough calculation power. The quantum random number can guarantee the absolute safety and true randomness of the data in principle.
The quantum key distribution server is a physical entity server, and the physical entity of the quantum random number generator can be a PCI board card, and is installed in the quantum key distribution server or connected with the quantum key distribution server as a network unit through a network. The IM server obtains the key from the quantum key distribution server through the Internet, and after the key is sent to the IM server, the quantum key distribution server automatically clears the key data and does not send the key data to other IM servers, so that the uniqueness is ensured.
There are two methods for the quantum key distribution server to obtain the quantum key:
the method comprises the following steps: obtained from the quantum random number generator through the local area network, the quantum key distribution server communicates with the quantum random number generator using the TCP protocol. The quantum random number generator listens on a fixed TCP port and sends data to the client as long as the client is connected. Since the TCP protocol itself supports flow control, the client can adjust the speed of transmission by adjusting the speed of reception.
The second method is as follows: the quantum key distribution server obtains the quantum key through corresponding library functions and drivers when the PCI card type quantum random number generator works inside the quantum key distribution server.
S102, a first instant messaging client acquires the quantum key and a key of a second instant messaging client; simultaneously, the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key; the first instant messaging client and the second instant messaging client are instant messaging clients for data communication;
as shown in fig. 2, if an IM (instant messaging) server is used to transmit the key, S102 specifically includes:
the IM server sends its own public key to the quantum key distribution server.
And the quantum key distribution server encrypts the quantum key by utilizing the public key of the IM server to obtain a first encrypted quantum key.
The IM server obtains the first encrypted quantum key from the quantum key distribution server, and decrypts the first encrypted quantum key by utilizing a private key of the IM server to obtain the quantum key; at the same time, the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key.
And the IM server encrypts the quantum key by utilizing the public key of the first instant messaging client to obtain a second encrypted quantum key.
The first instant messaging client acquires the second encrypted quantum key from the IM server, and decrypts the second encrypted quantum key by utilizing a private key of the first instant messaging client to acquire the quantum key; at the same time, the IM server deletes the quantum key.
After the IM server obtains the quantum keys from the quantum key distribution server, the quantum keys are temporarily stored in the local, the IMAPP of the instant messaging client obtains the quantum keys through Internet communication, and after the IM server sends the quantum keys to the IMAPP, the IM server also automatically clears the key data and does not send the key data to other IMAPs, so that the uniqueness is ensured.
The IMAPP communicates with the IM server via the Internet. In order to safely distribute the quantum key, the quantum key is encrypted and decrypted by adopting an RSA public key and a private key, and the IMAPP regenerates a pair of RSA keys before logging in the system each time.
The following is a specific description of one specific example:
after the IM server is connected to the quantum KEY distribution server via the Internet, the IM server transmits an update_rsa_key_req message with the RSA public KEY to the quantum KEY distribution server.
The quantum KEY distribution server sends an UPDATE RSA public KEY confirmation message UPDATE_RSA_KEY_ACK to the IM server, then encrypts the quantum KEY by using the public KEY sent by the IM server, and then encrypts the quantum KEY data by using the RSA public KEY.
The IM server transmits a quantum key DATA acquisition request message random_data_req to the vector subkey distribution server.
The quantum key distribution server sends the quantum key encrypted with the public key to the IM server through a random_data_ack message (for efficiency and flexibility, the length of the quantum key DATA may be specified in random_data_req).
After receiving the encrypted quantum key, the IM server decrypts the encrypted quantum key by using the private key of the IM server to obtain the quantum key.
The IMAPP sends a PUBLIC_KEY_UPDATE_REQ message with the RSA PUBLIC KEY to the IM server.
The IM server sends an UPDATE RSA PUBLIC KEY acknowledge message PUBLIC KEY UPDATE ACK to the IM APP, and then the PUBLIC KEY sent by the IMAPP encrypts the quantum KEY.
The IM APP sends a quantum key DATA acquisition request message random_data_req to the IM server.
The IM server sends the public-key-encrypted quantum key to the IMAPP via a random_data_ack message, and automatically clears the key DATA, and no longer gives other IMAPP, thereby ensuring uniqueness (the length of the quantum key DATA may be specified in random_data_req for improved efficiency and flexibility).
After receiving the encrypted quantum key, the IMAPP decrypts the encrypted quantum key by using the private key of the IMAPP to obtain the quantum key, and then the quantum key is used as a key of an encryption algorithm.
As shown in fig. 3, if the key is transmitted by using the decentralizing sub-server, S102 specifically includes:
the decentralizing sub-server sends the public key of the decentralizing sub-server to the quantum key distribution server.
And the quantum key distribution server encrypts the quantum key by utilizing the public key of the decentralization sub-server to obtain a third encrypted quantum key.
The decentralizing sub-server acquires the third encrypted quantum key from the quantum key distribution server, and decrypts the third encrypted quantum key by utilizing a private key of the decentralizing sub-server to acquire the quantum key; at the same time, the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key.
And the decentralizing sub-server encrypts the quantum key by using the obtained public key of the first instant messaging client to obtain a fourth encrypted quantum key.
The first instant messaging client obtains the fourth encryption quantum key from the decentralization sub-server, and decrypts the fourth encryption quantum key by utilizing a private key of the first instant messaging client to obtain the quantum key; at the same time, the decentralised sub-server deletes the quantum key.
And the decentralizing sub-server and the first instant communication client communicate with each other through a protocol penetration server.
The decentralization sub-server is a mobile terminal, and is connected with the Internet through WIFI, ethernet or a wireless communication module capable of being inserted into a SIM card to complete the work of the IM server. The IP address it obtains is an intranet address, as the communication between the IMAPP and the de-centralized sub-server needs to be done by protocol penetration of the server. After the quantum keys are obtained from the quantum key distribution server, the quantum keys are temporarily stored locally, the IMAPP acquires the quantum keys through Internet communication, and after the decentralization sub-server sends the quantum keys to the IMAPP, the key data can be automatically cleared, and the key data is not sent to other IM APP any more, so that the uniqueness is ensured.
The protocol penetration server provides bridging services between the de-centralized sub-server and the IMAPP. It does not store any information of the IMAPP nor any communication content of the communication procedure.
Communication is performed between the IMAPP and the de-centralized sub-server via a protocol pass-through server. In order to safely distribute the quantum key, the quantum key is encrypted and decrypted by adopting an RSA public key and a private key, and the IMAPP regenerates a pair of RSA keys before logging in the system each time.
The following is described by way of specific examples:
after the decentralized sub-server is connected with the quantum KEY distribution server through the Internet, the decentralized sub-server transmits an UPDATE_RSA_KEY_REQ message with an RSA public KEY to the vector sub-KEY distribution server.
The quantum KEY distribution server sends an UPDATE RSA public KEY acknowledgement message UPDATE_RSA_KEY_ACK to the decentralizing sub-server, then encrypts the quantum KEY by using the public KEY sent by the decentralizing sub-server, then encrypts the quantum KEY data by using the RSA public KEY, and sends the quantum KEY data to the decentralizing sub-server.
The de-centralized sub-server transmits a quantum key DATA acquisition request message random_data_req to the vector sub-key distribution server.
The quantum key distribution server sends the quantum key encrypted with the public key to the decentralized sub-server through a random_data_ack message (for efficiency and flexibility, the length of the quantum key DATA may be specified in random_data_req).
After receiving the encrypted quantum key, the decentralized sub-server decrypts the encrypted quantum key by using the private key of the decentralized sub-server to obtain the quantum key.
The IM APP sends a PUBLIC KEY UPDATE REQ message with the RSA PUBLIC KEY to the decentralized sub-server.
The decentralizing sub-server sends an UPDATE RSA PUBLIC KEY confirmation message PUBLIC_KEY_UPDATE_ACK to the IM APP, and then encrypts the quantum KEY according to the PUBLIC KEY sent by the IMAPP.
The IM APP sends a quantum key DATA acquisition request message random_data_req to the de-centralised sub-server.
The decentralised sub-server sends the public key encrypted quantum key to the IMAPP via a random_data_ack message and automatically clears the key DATA, and no longer gives other IMAPP, thus ensuring uniqueness (the length of the quantum key DATA can be specified in random_data_req for improved efficiency and flexibility).
After receiving the encrypted quantum key, the IMAPP decrypts the encrypted quantum key by using the private key of the IMAPP to obtain the quantum key, and then the quantum key is used as a key of an encryption algorithm.
To protect the security of the quantum key during transmission, we use the RSA public key to encrypt and decrypt it. The IMAPP regenerates a pair of RSA keys, a Public Key and a Private Key (Private Key), before each log-on to the system. After logging into the system, the IMAPP uploads the public key to the IM server while the private key is kept local.
In IM communication, a quantum key is used as a key for actually transmitting user data contents, and the user data contents are encrypted in combination with a random algorithm (randomly selected from DES,3DES, aes, etc.).
As a specific example, assume that there is one user a and one user B in the system, and that user a sends a message (text, picture, voice, file, or video) to user B.
1, obtaining the quantum key through an IM server.
And 2, acquiring the public key of the user B through the IM server.
And 3, encrypting the quantum key by using the public key of the user B.
4, randomly selecting an encryption algorithm (DES, 3DES, AES, etc.).
And 5, encrypting the text content of the message by using the encryption algorithm obtained in the step 4 and the key obtained in the step 1.
And 6, the user A sends the encrypted quantum key, the encrypted message text content and the random algorithm instruction to the user B, and simultaneously the user A clears the quantum key from the user A, so that the quantum key is not used any more, and the uniqueness of the quantum key is ensured.
And 7, after receiving the message, the user B decrypts the quantum key through the private key of the user B, finds an encryption algorithm according to the random algorithm instruction, and decrypts the text content of the message by combining the two encryption algorithms.
In view of the above-mentioned method, the data communication system based on quantum key provided by the present invention includes:
the quantum key acquisition module is used for acquiring the quantum key from the quantum random number generator by the quantum key distribution server;
the key acquisition module is used for acquiring the quantum key and the key of the second instant messaging client by the first instant messaging client; simultaneously, the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key; the first instant messaging client and the second instant messaging client are instant messaging clients for data communication;
the data encryption module is used for encrypting data to be transmitted by the first instant messaging client by utilizing the quantum key and an encryption algorithm obtained randomly to determine encrypted data;
the encryption data transmission module is used for encrypting the quantum key by the first instant messaging client by using the key of the second instant messaging client; and sending the encrypted quantum key, the encrypted data and a random algorithm instruction corresponding to the randomly acquired encryption algorithm to the second instant messaging client.
In order to execute a corresponding method of the above embodiment to achieve the corresponding functions and technical effects, the data communication system based on quantum key provided by the present invention includes: at least one processor, at least one memory, and computer program instructions stored in the memory, which when executed by the processor, implement a quantum key based data communication method as described.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method of quantum key based data communication, comprising:
the quantum key distribution server obtains a quantum key from the quantum random number generator;
the first instant messaging client acquires the quantum key and the key of the second instant messaging client, and the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key; the first instant messaging client and the second instant messaging client are instant messaging clients for data communication;
the first instant messaging client encrypts data to be transmitted by utilizing the quantum key and a randomly acquired encryption algorithm to determine encrypted data;
the first instant messaging client encrypts the quantum key by using the key of the second instant messaging client; sending the encrypted quantum key, the encrypted data and a random algorithm instruction corresponding to the randomly acquired encryption algorithm to the second instant messaging client;
the first instant messaging client obtains the quantum key and the key of the second instant messaging client, and the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key, specifically including:
the IM server sends the public key of the IM server to the quantum key distribution server;
the quantum key distribution server encrypts the quantum key by utilizing the public key of the IM server to obtain a first encrypted quantum key;
the IM server obtains the first encrypted quantum key from the quantum key distribution server, and decrypts the first encrypted quantum key by utilizing a private key of the IM server to obtain the quantum key; at the same time, the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key;
the IM server encrypts the quantum key by utilizing the public key of the first instant messaging client to obtain a second encrypted quantum key;
the first instant messaging client acquires the second encrypted quantum key from the IM server, and decrypts the second encrypted quantum key by using a private key of the first instant messaging client to acquire the quantum key; at the same time, the IM server deletes the quantum key;
the first instant messaging client obtains the quantum key and the key of the second instant messaging client, and the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key, specifically including:
the decentralization sub-server sends the public key of the decentralization sub-server to the quantum key distribution server;
the quantum key distribution server encrypts the quantum key by utilizing the public key of the decentralization sub-server to obtain a third encrypted quantum key;
the decentralizing sub-server acquires the third encrypted quantum key from the quantum key distribution server, and decrypts the third encrypted quantum key by utilizing a private key of the decentralizing sub-server to acquire the quantum key; at the same time, the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key;
the decentralizing sub-server encrypts the quantum key by using the obtained public key of the first instant messaging client to obtain a fourth encrypted quantum key;
the first instant messaging client obtains the fourth encryption quantum key from the decentralization sub-server, and decrypts the fourth encryption quantum key by utilizing a private key of the first instant messaging client to obtain the quantum key; at the same time, the decentralised sub-server deletes the quantum key.
2. The quantum key based data communication method of claim 1, wherein communication is performed between the IM server and the quantum key distribution server and between the IM server and the first instant messaging client via the Internet.
3. The quantum key-based data communication method of claim 1, wherein the communication between the de-centralized sub-server and the quantum key distribution server is performed via the Internet.
4. The quantum key-based data communication method of claim 1, wherein the de-centralized sub-server and the first instant messaging client communicate via a protocol pass-through server.
5. A quantum key based data communication system, comprising:
the quantum key acquisition module is used for acquiring the quantum key from the quantum random number generator by the quantum key distribution server;
the key acquisition module is used for acquiring the quantum key and the key of the second instant messaging client by the first instant messaging client, and deleting the quantum key by the quantum key distribution server; the first instant messaging client and the second instant messaging client are instant messaging clients for data communication;
the data encryption module is used for encrypting data to be transmitted by the first instant messaging client by utilizing the quantum key and an encryption algorithm obtained randomly to determine encrypted data;
the encryption data transmission module is used for encrypting the quantum key by the first instant messaging client by using the key of the second instant messaging client; sending the encrypted quantum key, the encrypted data and a random algorithm instruction corresponding to the randomly acquired encryption algorithm to the second instant messaging client;
the key acquisition module specifically comprises:
the decentralization sub-server sends the public key of the decentralization sub-server to the quantum key distribution server;
the quantum key distribution server encrypts the quantum key by utilizing the public key of the decentralization sub-server to obtain a third encrypted quantum key;
the decentralizing sub-server acquires the third encrypted quantum key from the quantum key distribution server, and decrypts the third encrypted quantum key by utilizing a private key of the decentralizing sub-server to acquire the quantum key; at the same time, the quantum key distribution server deletes the quantum key;
the decentralizing sub-server encrypts the quantum key by using the obtained public key of the first instant messaging client to obtain a fourth encrypted quantum key;
the first instant messaging client obtains the fourth encryption quantum key from the decentralization sub-server, and decrypts the fourth encryption quantum key by utilizing a private key of the first instant messaging client to obtain the quantum key; at the same time, the decentralised sub-server deletes the quantum key.
6. A quantum key based data communication system, comprising: at least one processor, at least one memory and computer program instructions stored in the memory, which when executed by the processor, implement a quantum key based data communication method as claimed in any one of claims 1-4.
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| CN107453868A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十研究所 | A kind of safe and efficient quantum key method of servicing |
| CN108293223A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-07-17 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of data transmission method, user equipment and network side equipment |
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| CN115150076A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-10-04 | 联信摩贝软件（北京）有限公司 | Encryption system and method based on quantum random number |
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| CN108293223A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-07-17 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of data transmission method, user equipment and network side equipment |
| CN107453868A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十研究所 | A kind of safe and efficient quantum key method of servicing |
| CN110808834A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-02-18 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Quantum key distribution method and quantum key distribution system |
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