CN115717186A - Vacuum heat treatment method for die steel - Google Patents
Vacuum heat treatment method for die steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115717186A CN115717186A CN202211464952.XA CN202211464952A CN115717186A CN 115717186 A CN115717186 A CN 115717186A CN 202211464952 A CN202211464952 A CN 202211464952A CN 115717186 A CN115717186 A CN 115717186A
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Abstract
The invention provides a vacuum heat treatment method of die steel, which is applied to the technical field of die treatment; placing the preset die steel in a preset vacuum heat treatment furnace, carrying out heating treatment in a preheating time period, and carrying out heat preservation after the heating treatment is finished to obtain the preheated die steel; raising the heating treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace to a preset quenching temperature section, and carrying out quenching treatment to obtain quenched die steel; the heating treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace is reduced to a preset tempering temperature section, and tempering treatment is carried out to obtain tempered die steel; introducing gas with preset components into the vacuum heat treatment furnace, and carrying out standing treatment on the tempered die steel to obtain nitrided die steel; starting the induced draft fan in the vacuum heat treatment furnace until the temperature in the vacuum heat treatment furnace is reduced to a preset cooling temperature section, and stopping the induced draft fan to obtain the die steel after the vacuum heat treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of die treatment, in particular to a vacuum heat treatment method for die steel.
Background
At present, the using amount of domestic plastic products is all over appliances, automobiles, lamps and other articles required by various industries, and high-grade plastic finished products need to have light transmittance and high surface smoothness, so ESR electroslag and redissolution die steel materials are necessary for manufacturing high-grade plastic products, most of domestic dies for high-grade plastic products all use ESR die steel materials, the plastic dies made of the materials can fully exert the performance of the materials through heat treatment, vacuum high-pressure gas quenching, but in the heat treatment process, quality accidents can happen to the vacuum gas quenching sometimes, the former die vacuum heat treatment process is that after heating and heat preservation, when gas quenching is needed, high-pressure nitrogen gas quenching is directly carried out, and as a result, long and wide dies are out of shape and complex in cavity surfaces, medium and large dies are severely quenched and cracked, the dies are scrapped, the heat treatment loss processing cost and the claim money are influenced at the same time, the customer loss is great, the dies are reworked, and the production schedule of the customers is also influenced; the main reason is insufficient hardness and structural stability of the die steel after heat treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the hardness and the structure stability of the die steel after heat treatment are insufficient, and provides a vacuum heat treatment method of the die steel.
The invention adopts the following technical means for solving the technical problems:
the invention provides a vacuum heat treatment method of die steel, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preheating: placing a preset die steel in a preset vacuum heat treatment furnace, carrying out heating treatment for a preheating time period, and carrying out heat preservation for the preset time period after the heating treatment is finished to obtain the preheated die steel;
s2: quenching: raising the heating treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace to a preset quenching temperature section, and carrying out quenching treatment in a preset time period to obtain quenched die steel;
s3: tempering, namely adjusting the heating treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace to a preset tempering temperature section, and performing tempering treatment for a preset time section to obtain tempered die steel;
s4: nitriding, namely introducing gas with preset components into the vacuum heat treatment furnace, and carrying out standing treatment on the tempered die steel for a preset time period to obtain nitrided die steel;
s5: and cooling, starting the induced draft fan in the vacuum heat treatment furnace until the temperature in the vacuum heat treatment furnace is reduced to a preset cooling temperature section, and stopping the induced draft fan to obtain the die steel after the vacuum heat treatment.
Further, the step S1 of placing a predetermined mold in a predetermined vacuum heat treatment furnace and performing a heating process for a preheating period of time further includes:
the temperature of the heat treatment is set to 550-820 ℃.
Further, after the heating treatment is completed, performing heat preservation for a preset time period to obtain preheated die steel in step S1, the method further includes:
the time period of the heat preservation is specifically set to be 30-60min.
Further, the step S2 of raising the heat treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace to a preset quenching temperature range further includes:
the temperature section of quenching is set to 1050-1320 ℃.
Further, in step S2 of performing quenching treatment for a preset time period to obtain quenched die steel, the method further includes:
the time period of the quenching treatment is specifically set to be 2-4h.
Further, in the step S3 of adjusting the heat treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace to a preset tempering temperature, the method further includes:
the temperature section of the tempering is specifically set to be 860-1030 ℃.
Further, in step S3, performing tempering treatment for a preset time period to obtain tempered die steel, the method further includes:
the tempering time period is specifically set to 1-3h.
Further, in step S4, a gas having a predetermined composition is introduced into the vacuum heat treatment furnace, where the gas has a composition including:
1-3 parts of ammonia gas;
1-5 parts of nitrogen;
0.5-2 parts of methanol;
1-3 parts of carbon dioxide;
and 2-5 parts of water.
Further, in step S4, performing a waiting treatment for a preset time period on the tempered die steel to obtain a nitrided die steel, the method further includes:
the time period of the standing treatment is specifically set to be 1-3h.
Further, in step S5, starting the induced draft fan in the vacuum heat treatment furnace until the temperature in the vacuum heat treatment furnace is reduced to a preset cooling temperature section, the method further includes:
the temperature range of the cooling is specifically set to 30-70 ℃.
The invention provides a vacuum heat treatment method of die steel, which has the following beneficial effects:
by reasonably setting the vacuum heat treatment process parameters, the invention improves and stabilizes the quality of the die steel-plastic rubber mold in vacuum heat treatment gas quenching, improves the production efficiency and saves huge loss caused by poor waste products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart showing one embodiment of the vacuum heat treatment method of die steel according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, the objects, features and advantages of which are set forth in the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for vacuum heat treatment of die steel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1: preheating: placing the preset die steel in a preset vacuum heat treatment furnace, carrying out heating treatment for a preheating time period, and carrying out heat preservation for a preset time period after the heating treatment is finished to obtain the preheated die steel;
s2: quenching: raising the heating treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace to a preset quenching temperature section, and carrying out quenching treatment in a preset time period to obtain quenched die steel;
s3: tempering, namely adjusting the heating treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace to a preset tempering temperature section, and performing tempering treatment for a preset time section to obtain tempered die steel;
s4: nitriding, namely introducing gas with preset components into the vacuum heat treatment furnace, and performing standing treatment on the tempered die steel for a preset time period to obtain nitrided die steel;
s5: and cooling, starting the induced draft fan in the vacuum heat treatment furnace until the temperature in the vacuum heat treatment furnace is reduced to a preset cooling temperature section, and stopping the induced draft fan to obtain the die steel after the vacuum heat treatment.
In the embodiment, the preheated die steel is obtained by heating the prepared die steel by using a prepared vacuum heat treatment furnace and preserving heat of the die steel after the heating is finished; the preheating treatment of the die steel has the advantages that the residual stress of the die steel after processing can be fully eliminated, and the probability of deformation of the die steel after processing, such as quenching processing, is reduced; the heat treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace is increased to a preset quenching temperature section, and then quenching treatment is carried out for a preset time, so that the die steel after quenching can be obtained; the quenching treatment of the die steel has the advantages that the hardness and the wear resistance of the die steel are increased, and the die steel is provided with a certain organization of comprehensive mechanical properties such as hardness, elasticity, toughness and the like in the subsequent tempering step; the tempering treatment is carried out for a preset time after the heating treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace is reduced to a preset tempering temperature section, so that the tempered die steel can be obtained; the tempering treatment of the die steel has the advantages that in order to reduce the internal stress and the brittleness of the die steel in time, the quenched die steel part has great stress and brittleness, and if the tempering is not carried out in time, the die steel part is deformed or even cracked; introducing gas with preset components into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, wherein the components of the gas comprise 1-3 parts of ammonia gas; 1-5 parts of nitrogen; 0.5-2 parts of methanol; 1-3 parts of carbon dioxide; 2-5 parts of water; carrying out waiting treatment on the tempered die steel for a preset time until gas permeates into the die steel to obtain nitrided die steel; the nitriding treatment of the die steel has the advantages that the service life of the die steel can be prolonged, the wear resistance, the surface hardness, the fatigue limit and the corrosion resistance of the die-casting die steel can be improved, and the hardness and the seizure resistance of the surface of the die can also be improved; cooling the die steel by starting an induced draft fan in the vacuum heat treatment furnace until a temperature sensor in the vacuum heat treatment furnace drops to a preset cooling temperature section, and then stopping the induced draft fan, so that the die steel after vacuum heat treatment can be obtained; the cooling of the die steel has the advantages that the die steel inevitably contains a certain amount of residual austenite after being quenched and cooled to room temperature, and further deep cooling can reduce the residual austenite in the quenched die steel, so that the hardness, the structure stability and the size stability of the die steel are improved, cold treatment crack formation is avoided, stable structure performance is obtained, and the die steel product is ensured not to be distorted during storage or use.
Example 1:
in the embodiment, the preheated die steel is obtained by heating the prepared die steel by using a prepared vacuum heat treatment furnace and preserving heat of the die steel after the heating is finished; the preheating treatment of the die steel has the advantages that the residual stress of the die steel after processing can be fully eliminated, and the probability of deformation of the die steel after processing, such as quenching, of the die steel after processing is reduced; the heat treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace is increased to a preset quenching temperature section, and then quenching treatment at 1050-1320 ℃ is carried out for 2-4h, so that the die steel after quenching can be obtained; the quenching treatment of the die steel has the advantages that the hardness and the wear resistance of the die steel are increased, and the die steel is provided with a certain organization of comprehensive mechanical properties such as hardness, elasticity, toughness and the like in the subsequent tempering step; the tempering treatment is carried out for a preset time after the heating treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace is reduced to a preset tempering temperature section, so that the tempered die steel can be obtained; the tempering treatment of the die steel has the advantages that in order to reduce the internal stress and the brittleness of the die steel in time, the quenched die steel part has great stress and brittleness, and if the tempering is not carried out in time, the die steel part is deformed or even cracked; introducing gas with preset components into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, wherein the components of the gas comprise 1-3 parts of ammonia gas; 1-5 parts of nitrogen; 0.5-2 parts of methanol; 1-3 parts of carbon dioxide; 2-5 parts of water; carrying out standing treatment on the tempered die steel for a preset time until gas permeates into the die steel to obtain nitrided die steel; the nitriding treatment of the die steel has the advantages that the service life of the die steel can be prolonged, the wear resistance, the surface hardness, the fatigue limit and the corrosion resistance of the die-casting die steel can be improved, and the hardness and the seizure resistance of the surface of the die can also be improved; cooling the die steel by starting the induced draft fan in the vacuum heat treatment furnace until the temperature sensor in the vacuum heat treatment furnace is lowered to a preset cooling temperature section, and then stopping the induced draft fan, thus obtaining the die steel after the vacuum heat treatment; the cooling of the die steel has the advantages that the die steel inevitably contains a certain amount of residual austenite after being quenched and cooled to room temperature, and further deep cooling can reduce the residual austenite in the quenched die steel, so that the hardness, the structure stability and the size stability of the die steel are improved, the formation of cold treatment cracks is avoided, the stable structure performance is obtained, and the die steel product is ensured not to be distorted during storage or use.
The time and the temperature of the quenching treatment of the obtained die steel are set right, so that the toughness and the strength of the die steel obtained by heat treatment are optimal.
Example 2:
in the embodiment, the preheated die steel is obtained by heating the prepared die steel by using a prepared vacuum heat treatment furnace and preserving heat of the die steel after the heating is finished; the preheating treatment of the die steel has the advantages that the residual stress of the die steel after processing can be fully eliminated, and the probability of deformation of the die steel after processing, such as quenching processing, is reduced; the heat treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace is increased to a preset quenching temperature section, and then quenching treatment at 1050-1320 ℃ is carried out for 2-4h, so that the die steel after quenching can be obtained; the quenching treatment of the die steel has the advantages that the hardness and the wear resistance of the die steel are increased, and the die steel is provided with a certain organization of comprehensive mechanical properties such as hardness, elasticity, toughness and the like in the subsequent tempering step; the tempering temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace is adjusted to a preset tempering temperature section, and the tempering treatment is carried out for 1-3h at 860-1030 ℃, so that the tempered die steel can be obtained; the tempering treatment of the die steel has the advantages that in order to reduce the internal stress and the brittleness of the die steel in time, the quenched die steel part has great stress and brittleness, and if the tempering is not carried out in time, the die steel part is deformed or even cracked; introducing gas with preset components into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, wherein the components of the gas comprise 1-3 parts of ammonia gas; 1-5 parts of nitrogen; 0.5-2 parts of methanol; 1-3 parts of carbon dioxide; 2-5 parts of water; carrying out standing treatment on the tempered die steel for a preset time until gas permeates into the die steel to obtain nitrided die steel; the nitriding treatment of the die steel has the advantages that the service life of the die steel can be prolonged, the wear resistance, the surface hardness, the fatigue limit and the corrosion resistance of the die-casting die steel can be improved, and the hardness and the seizure resistance of the surface of the die can also be improved; cooling the die steel by starting an induced draft fan in the vacuum heat treatment furnace until a temperature sensor in the vacuum heat treatment furnace drops to a preset cooling temperature section, and then stopping the induced draft fan, so that the die steel after vacuum heat treatment can be obtained; the cooling of the die steel has the advantages that the die steel inevitably contains a certain amount of residual austenite after being quenched and cooled to room temperature, and further deep cooling can reduce the residual austenite in the quenched die steel, so that the hardness, the structure stability and the size stability of the die steel are improved, the formation of cold treatment cracks is avoided, the stable structure performance is obtained, and the die steel product is ensured not to be distorted during storage or use.
The time and the temperature of the quenching treatment of the obtained die steel are set right, so that the toughness and the strength of the die steel obtained by heat treatment are optimal; and because the tempering treatment time and the temperature of the die steel are set to be moderate, the die steel obtained by heat treatment is not easy to crack and deform.
Example 3:
in the embodiment, the preheated die steel can be obtained by heating the prepared die steel by using a prepared vacuum heat treatment furnace and preserving heat of the die steel after the heating is finished; the preheating treatment of the die steel has the advantages that the residual stress of the die steel after processing can be fully eliminated, and the probability of deformation of the die steel after processing, such as quenching processing, is reduced; the heat treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace is increased to a preset quenching temperature section, and then quenching treatment is carried out at 1050-1320 ℃ for 2-4h, so that the die steel after quenching is obtained; the quenching treatment of the die steel has the advantages that the hardness and the wear resistance of the die steel are increased, and the die steel is made to obtain a certain organization of comprehensive mechanical properties such as hardness, elasticity, toughness and the like in the subsequent tempering step; the tempering temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace is adjusted to a preset tempering temperature section, and the tempering treatment is carried out for 1-3h at 860-1030 ℃, so that the tempered die steel can be obtained; the tempering treatment of the die steel has the advantages that in order to reduce the internal stress and the brittleness of the die steel in time, the quenched die steel part has great stress and brittleness, and if the tempering is not carried out in time, the die steel part is deformed or even cracked; introducing gas with preset components into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, wherein the components of the gas comprise 1-3 parts of ammonia gas; 1-5 parts of nitrogen; 0.5-2 parts of methanol; 1-3 parts of carbon dioxide; 2-5 parts of water; carrying out 1-3h of standing treatment on the tempered die steel until gas permeates into the die steel to obtain nitrided die steel; the nitriding treatment of the die steel has the advantages that the service life of the die steel can be prolonged, the wear resistance, the surface hardness, the fatigue limit and the corrosion resistance of the die-casting die steel can be improved, and the hardness and the seizure resistance of the surface of the die can also be improved; cooling the die steel by starting an induced draft fan in the vacuum heat treatment furnace until a temperature sensor in the vacuum heat treatment furnace drops to a preset cooling temperature section, and then stopping the induced draft fan, so that the die steel after vacuum heat treatment can be obtained; the cooling of the die steel has the advantages that the die steel inevitably contains a certain amount of residual austenite after being quenched and cooled to room temperature, and further deep cooling can reduce the residual austenite in the quenched die steel, so that the hardness, the structure stability and the size stability of the die steel are improved, the formation of cold treatment cracks is avoided, the stable structure performance is obtained, and the die steel product is ensured not to be distorted during storage or use.
The time and the temperature of the quenching treatment of the obtained die steel are set right, so that the toughness and the strength of the die steel obtained by heat treatment are optimal; the tempering time and the temperature of the die steel are set to be moderate, so that the die steel obtained by heat treatment is not easy to crack and deform; and because the die steel is subjected to standing for a proper period of time, the die steel fully absorbs gas and permeates into each part, and the service life of the die steel is effectively prolonged.
Example 4:
in the embodiment, the preheated die steel is obtained by heating the prepared die steel by using a prepared vacuum heat treatment furnace and preserving heat of the die steel after the heating is finished; the preheating treatment of the die steel has the advantages that the residual stress of the die steel after processing can be fully eliminated, and the probability of deformation of the die steel after processing, such as quenching processing, is reduced; the heat treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace is increased to a preset quenching temperature section, and then quenching treatment at 1050-1320 ℃ is carried out for 2-4h, so that the die steel after quenching can be obtained; the quenching treatment of the die steel has the advantages that the hardness and the wear resistance of the die steel are increased, and the die steel is made to obtain a certain organization of comprehensive mechanical properties such as hardness, elasticity, toughness and the like in the subsequent tempering step; the tempering temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace is adjusted to a preset tempering temperature section, and the tempering treatment is carried out for 1-3h at 860-1030 ℃, so that the tempered die steel can be obtained; the tempering treatment of the die steel has the advantages that in order to reduce the internal stress and the brittleness of the die steel in time, the quenched die steel part has great stress and brittleness, and if the tempering is not carried out in time, the die steel part is deformed or even cracked; introducing gas with preset components into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, wherein the components of the gas comprise 1-3 parts of ammonia gas; 1-5 parts of nitrogen; 0.5-2 parts of methanol; 1-3 parts of carbon dioxide; 2-5 parts of water; carrying out 1-3h of standing treatment on the tempered die steel until gas permeates into the die steel to obtain nitrided die steel; the nitriding treatment of the die steel has the advantages that the service life of the die steel can be prolonged, the wear resistance, the surface hardness, the fatigue limit and the corrosion resistance of the die-casting die steel can be improved, and the hardness and the seizure resistance of the surface of the die can also be improved; cooling the die steel by starting an induced draft fan in the vacuum heat treatment furnace until a temperature sensor in the vacuum heat treatment furnace is cooled to a cooling temperature section of 30-70 ℃, and then stopping the induced draft fan, thus obtaining the die steel after vacuum heat treatment; the cooling of the die steel has the advantages that the die steel inevitably contains a certain amount of residual austenite after being quenched and cooled to room temperature, and further deep cooling can reduce the residual austenite in the quenched die steel, so that the hardness, the structure stability and the size stability of the die steel are improved, cold treatment crack formation is avoided, stable structure performance is obtained, and the die steel product is ensured not to be distorted during storage or use.
The time and the temperature of the quenching treatment of the obtained die steel are set right, so that the toughness and the strength of the die steel obtained by heat treatment are optimal; the tempering time and the temperature of the die steel are set to be moderate, so that the die steel obtained by heat treatment is not easy to crack and deform; the die steel is subjected to standing for a proper period of time, so that the die steel fully absorbs gas and permeates into each part, and the service life of the die steel is effectively prolonged; the die steel is cooled for a proper period of time, so that the hardness and the structural stability of the die steel after vacuum heat treatment are effectively improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A vacuum heat treatment method of die steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preheating: placing the preset die steel in a preset vacuum heat treatment furnace, carrying out heating treatment for a preheating time period, and carrying out heat preservation for a preset time period after the heating treatment is finished to obtain the preheated die steel;
s2: quenching: raising the heating treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace to a preset quenching temperature section, and carrying out quenching treatment in a preset time period to obtain quenched die steel;
s3: tempering, namely adjusting the heating treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace to a preset tempering temperature section, and performing tempering treatment for a preset time section to obtain tempered die steel;
s4: nitriding, namely introducing gas with preset components into the vacuum heat treatment furnace, and carrying out standing treatment on the tempered die steel for a preset time period to obtain nitrided die steel;
s5: and cooling, starting the induced draft fan in the vacuum heat treatment furnace until the temperature in the vacuum heat treatment furnace is reduced to a preset cooling temperature section, and stopping the induced draft fan to obtain the die steel after the vacuum heat treatment.
2. The method for vacuum heat treatment of mold steel according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 of placing the predetermined mold in the predetermined vacuum heat treatment furnace and performing the heat treatment for the preheating period further comprises:
the temperature of the heat treatment is set specifically at 550 to 820 ℃.
3. The method for vacuum heat treatment of mold steel according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 of performing heat preservation for a predetermined period of time after the heat treatment to obtain the preheated mold steel further comprises:
the time period of the heat preservation is specifically set to be 30-60min.
4. The method for vacuum heat treating of mold steel according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 of raising the heat treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace to a predetermined quenching temperature range further comprises:
the temperature section of quenching is set to 1050-1320 ℃.
5. The method for vacuum heat treatment of die steel according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 of performing the quenching treatment for a predetermined period of time to obtain quenched die steel further comprises:
the time period of the quenching treatment is specifically set to be 2-4h.
6. The method for vacuum heat treating of mold steel according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 of lowering the heat treatment temperature of the vacuum heat treatment furnace to a preset tempering temperature range further comprises:
the temperature section of the tempering is specifically set to be 860-1030 ℃.
7. The method for vacuum heat treatment of die steel according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 of tempering for a predetermined period of time to obtain tempered die steel further comprises:
the tempering time period is specifically set to 1-3h.
8. The method for vacuum heat treatment of mold steel according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4 of introducing a gas having a predetermined composition into the vacuum heat treatment furnace, the composition of the gas includes:
1-3 parts of ammonia gas;
1-5 parts of nitrogen;
0.5-2 parts of methanol;
1-3 parts of carbon dioxide;
and 2-5 parts of water.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S4 of performing the standing treatment on the tempered die steel for a predetermined period of time to obtain a nitrided die steel further comprises:
the time period of the standing treatment is specifically set to be 1-3h.
10. The vacuum heat treatment method of die steel according to claim 1, wherein the step S5 of starting the induced draft fan in the vacuum heat treatment furnace until the temperature in the vacuum heat treatment furnace drops to a preset cooling temperature section further comprises:
the temperature range of the cooling is specifically set to 30-70 ℃.
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