CN115704234A - Composite structure, volume compensation device with shell and manufacturing method - Google Patents

Composite structure, volume compensation device with shell and manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115704234A
CN115704234A CN202210988310.3A CN202210988310A CN115704234A CN 115704234 A CN115704234 A CN 115704234A CN 202210988310 A CN202210988310 A CN 202210988310A CN 115704234 A CN115704234 A CN 115704234A
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cavity
volume
pressure
shell
pressurizing
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Chinese (zh)
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王哲
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/02—Piers; Abutments ; Protecting same against drifting ice
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24—Concrete
    • E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/30—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts being composed of two or more materials; Composite steel and concrete constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E04C3/34—Columns; Pillars; Struts of concrete other stone-like material, with or without permanent form elements, with or without internal or external reinforcement, e.g. metal coverings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E04C3/36—Columns; Pillars; Struts of materials not covered by groups E04C3/32 or E04C3/34; of a combination of two or more materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)

Abstract

A belt shell volume compensation device comprises a support shell and a pressure supply device; the supporting shell is surrounded with a cavity, and a connecting channel is arranged between the cavity and the external space region of the supporting shell; the pressure supply device is positioned in the cavity. A combined structure comprises three parts A, B and C, wherein the part A surrounds a cavity, the part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, the part C is one or more shelled volume compensation devices, and the part B and the part C are positioned in the cavity. The shelled volume compensating device is used for providing and maintaining pressure in the part B when the material B is in a flowable state; if the external force to which the composite structure is subjected increases the compressive stress in part B when the material of part B is in a solid state, the outer surface of the support shell in the shelled volume compensator can withstand a compressive stress of the surrounding medium that is much higher than the compressive stress provided by the pressure supply means.

Description

Composite structure, volume compensation device with shell and manufacturing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of buildings, bridges, water conservancy and the like, in particular to a combined structure and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Concrete among the steel pipe concrete integrated configuration can contract, and this can make and appear separating between concrete and the steel pipe inner wall, influences the collaborative work between the two, and then influences integrated configuration's mechanical properties.
In the prior art, there are two broad categories of approaches to solve this problem, the first being to change the shrinkage characteristics of the concrete material, to reduce the amount of shrinkage as much as possible, or to allow the material to expand. Such methods are not suitable for high or ultra-high strength concrete. This kind of method is not relevant to the present invention and will not be described in detail.
The second method is to apply pressure to the concrete after it is filled into the steel pipe. The following three methods are used to apply pressure.
A first method of pressing is to install a thin tube near the end of the steel pipe of the composite structure, which is connected to a pressing device outside the steel pipe of the concrete-filled steel pipe, the pressing device applying pressure to the concrete inside the thin tube, and after the concrete has sufficient strength, the thin tube containing the concrete is sawn off.
When the concrete is in a flowing state, if the concrete in the steel pipe shrinks, the pressurizing device can extrude the concrete in the thin pipe into the steel pipe, so that the volume of the concrete shrunk is filled. However, when the concrete is solidified, the concrete in the steel pipe can also shrink, and because the concrete can hardly flow, the concrete in the thin pipe can not enter the steel pipe to fill the shrinkage volume of the concrete; this will cause a reduction in the pressure of the steel pipe against the sides of the concrete and may even cause the concrete to separate from the inner surface of the steel pipe.
The second method of pressurization is to apply pressure to the concrete in the steel pipe concrete at both ends thereof. There are two main types, i.e., ethyl and methyl.
Method A
The steel pipe of the combined structure has two sections, one section is thick and the other section is thin, and the thick section is sleeved outside the thin section. After the concrete is filled in the steel pipe, the two sections of steel pipes are sleeved together, a press machine is used for applying pressure to the steel pipes along the axial direction, the two sections of pipes slide relatively along the axial direction, and further the concrete in the steel pipes is also applied with pressure. When the pressure reaches the requirement, the two sections of steel pipes are connected together and cannot move relatively. This approach also has disadvantages. Concrete shrinks in volume both before and after setting. When the two sections of steel pipes are fixed together, the concrete still shrinks all the time, the tangential tensile strain of the steel pipes is reduced when the concrete shrinks, the pressure applied to the side surface of the concrete by the steel pipes is reduced, and even the concrete is separated from the inner surface of the steel pipes.
Method B
The two ends of the steel pipe are provided with pistons which can move along the axial direction in the steel pipe. When the concrete in the steel pipe is extruded, two pistons are extruded by a loading device, and the pistons move oppositely to extrude the concrete in the steel pipe. The pressure applied to the piston is maintained until the concrete reaches a certain strength. This method has a problem that if the aspect ratio (ratio of length to diameter) of the steel pipe is large, the technical effect is not good. For example, taking a length to diameter ratio of 7 (which is in most cases greater than this in practical engineering), after the concrete is filled into the steel pipe, a constant force is applied to the "piston" at both ends until the concrete has reached a sufficient strength. Because the concrete can shrink after being solidified and even after having certain strength, the axial compressive stress of the concrete in the middle of the length direction of the steel pipe is smaller than that at the two ends because the strength of the concrete and the adhesive force and the friction force between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel pipe can offset or reduce the pressure of the piston, and the larger the length-diameter ratio is, the smaller the axial compressive stress of the concrete in the middle of the steel pipe is. The radial compressive stress of the concrete in the middle of the length direction is reduced along with the shrinkage of the concrete, and if the diameter of the steel pipe is larger, the concrete can be separated from the steel pipe.
In addition, the method B requires large equipment in construction and occupies a large area, which is another disadvantage.
A third method of pressurizing is to place a pressure maintaining device, such as a rubber rod, an air bag, etc., inside the sealed steel tube concrete and apply pre-pressure to the concrete. The device has the advantage that when the concrete is in a flowable state, if shrinkage occurs, the pressure maintaining device can expand to fill the space in the cavity of the steel pipe which is more than the shrinkage, so that the reduction range of the concrete pressure stress is kept within the required range. After the concrete has set, compressive stress may still optionally exist between the outer surface of the pressure maintenance device and the concrete. However, a disadvantage of this construction is that the rubber bars, air bags, etc. can become weak links in the concrete and can affect the overall load carrying capacity of the steel tube concrete column. For example, assume that the pressure maintenance device is a cylindrical balloon with its axis parallel to the axis of the post. When increasing axial pressure is applied to the steel pipe concrete column, the concrete in the steel pipe is in a region far away from the pressure maintaining device, the direction of the maximum normal stress of the concrete is parallel to the axial direction of the column, and the minimum main stress is equal to the middle main stress and is perpendicular to the axis of the column. The concrete in contact with the surface of the pressure maintaining device has the maximum main stress direction still in the axial direction of the column, the minimum main stress direction in the normal direction of the surface of the pressure maintaining device and the middle main stress direction in the tangential direction. According to the strength criterion, the minimum principal stress is reduced to reduce the maximum principal stress corresponding to material failure. Since the contact pressure provided by the air bag is lower than the compressive stress of the inner wall of the steel pipe on the concrete, the concrete in the vicinity of the air bag can bear the compressive stress parallel to the axis direction of the pillar lower than that in other areas.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
During setting and hardening of cement, chemical shrinkage occurs, i.e. the absolute volume after hydration is less than the sum of the volumes of water before hydration and other ingredients involved in hydration. In a steel tube concrete composite structure, the volume shrinkage of concrete inside a steel tube often causes insufficient contact between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel tube, or even separation, which makes the steel tube and the concrete not work well in cooperation. High-strength concrete, ultrahigh-strength concrete and active powder concrete are more serious because of more cement and active admixture in the concrete and larger volume shrinkage in the hardening process, and the steel pipe and the concrete cannot work cooperatively.
The strength of the set cement is related to the voids in the set cement, with less voids having higher strength. In the cement setting and hardening process, the cement is fully contracted or compressed, so that the gaps in the set cement are reduced, and the strength of the set cement is improved. The strength of cement mortar and concrete is related to the strength of cement stones in the cement mortar and concrete, and the higher the strength of the cement stones is, the higher the strength of corresponding materials is.
The matrix material in the reactive powder concrete is a mixture of cement, silica fume, quartz powder and the like with water, and although the hydrated product of the reactive powder concrete is different from the traditional cement stone in components, the strength of the hydrated product is also related to the content of voids in the hydrated product, and the lower the voids are, the higher the strength is.
The axial strength of the set cement, the cement mortar, the concrete and the reactive powder concrete is related to the lateral compressive stress of the set cement, the cement mortar, the concrete and the reactive powder concrete, and the higher the lateral compressive stress is, the higher the strength is.
The concrete filled steel tube column is taken as an example to explain the problem to be solved. The steel pipe concrete has closed ends, and pressure maintaining device filled with concrete inside the steel pipe cavity. When the concrete is still in the flowable phase, the concrete begins to experience artificially applied pre-compressive stresses.
(1) The first group of technical problems to be solved by the invention are: the uniaxial strength and the triaxial strength of the concrete in the steel tube concrete are improved, and then the whole bearing capacity of the steel tube concrete column is improved.
(2) A second group of technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to find a pressure maintaining method and a pressure maintaining apparatus to achieve the following two objectives:
a. maintaining the compressive stress of the concrete in the steel duct substantially constant, or varying within a desired range, when the concrete is in a flowable state;
b. after the concrete reaches or approaches the final strength, when the concrete filled steel tube is subjected to axial loading, the pressure maintaining device can provide enough radial resistance to prevent the peripheral concrete from bulging to the area occupied by the pressure maintaining device, and the reduction of the axial bearing capacity of the peripheral concrete caused by bulging is avoided.
2. Summary of the invention
Volume compensator with shell
A belt shell volume compensation device comprises a pressure supply device and a support shell;
the supporting shell is surrounded with a cavity, and a connecting channel is arranged between the cavity and the surrounding space area outside the supporting shell;
the pressure supply device is positioned in the cavity;
the pressure supply device can provide pressure for the medium contacted with the pressure supply device.
Further, the support shell is a tube, and
has at least one of the following characteristics:
(1) Holes are formed in the pipe wall of the pipe, and two ends of the pipe are plugged; the hole on the pipe wall is used as a connecting channel for connecting the cavity of the supporting shell and the external space area around the supporting shell;
(2) Holes are formed in the pipe wall of the pipe, and at least one of the two ends of the pipe is not blocked;
(3) The pipe wall of the pipe is not provided with holes, and at least one of the two ends of the pipe is not blocked; the end tube holes of the tubes, which are not plugged, serve as passages connecting the support shell cavity with the outer spatial region around the support shell.
Further, the air conditioner is characterized in that,
the cross-sectional shape of the tube is convex; preferably, the cross-sectional outer contour line surrounding pattern is a circle or an ellipse.
Further, the supporting shell is a shell with holes.
Further, the housing with the hole has one of the following features:
(1) The selection range of the shell comprises a spherical shell and an ellipsoidal shell;
(2) At least a part of the shell is a part of a spherical shell, or a part of an ellipsoidal shell, or a cylindrical shell.
Further, the shape of the hole on the support shell can be selected from a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a rounded rectangle and a gap with a length.
Further, the selection range of the pressure supply device comprises a pressurizing device, an energy storage device and a pressurizing energy storage device;
(1) The pressurizing device can change or/and maintain the pressure between the outer surface of the pressurizing device and a medium in contact with the pressurizing device;
(2) The energy storage device has the following characteristics,
when the pressure on the outer surface of the energy storage device is increased, the apparent volume of the energy storage device is reduced, and the energy storage device absorbs energy; or/and when the pressure on the outer surface is reduced, the apparent volume of the energy storage device is increased, and the energy storage device releases energy;
(3) The pressurized energy storage device has the following characteristics a and/or b,
the characteristic A is that,
the pressurized energy storage device is capable of changing or/and maintaining the pressure between its outer surface and the medium in contact therewith;
the characteristic B is that,
under the condition that other influencing factors are unchanged, when the pressure on the outer surface of the pressurization energy storage device is increased, the apparent volume of the device is reduced, and the pressurization energy storage device absorbs energy; or/and, when the pressure experienced by the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the device increases and the pressurized energy storage device releases energy.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
(1) The selection range of the pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing air bag, a pressurizing liquid bag and a self-expanding device;
(2) The selection range of the energy storage device comprises an air bag, a gas-liquid bag, an energy storage liquid bag, a solid elastomer energy storage device and an elastic shell energy storage device;
(3) The selection range of the pressurizing energy storage device comprises a pressurizing air bag, a pressurizing gas-liquid bag, a pressurizing energy storage liquid bag and a self-expansion device;
preferably, the self-expansion device is a type a self-expansion device; preferably, the type a self-expanding device is a type a 1 self-expanding device; preferably, the type a 1 self-expanding device is a type a 1a or/and type a 1b self-expanding device.
Preferably, the self-expansion device is a b-type self-expansion device.
Further, the air conditioner is characterized in that,
the selection range of the air bags used as the pressurizing device, the energy storage device and the pressurizing energy storage device comprises a common air bag, an upper limit air bag, a lower limit air bag and a double limit air bag;
the selection range of the gas-liquid bags used as the pressurizing device, the energy storage device and the pressurizing energy storage device comprises a common gas-liquid bag, an upper limit gas-liquid bag, a lower limit gas-liquid bag and a double limit gas-liquid bag;
the selection range of the liquid bag used as the pressurizing device, the energy storage device and the pressurizing energy storage device comprises a common liquid bag, an upper limit liquid bag, a lower limit liquid bag and a double-limit liquid bag; preferably, the liquid bag is provided with a pipeline connected with a hydraulic source; preferably, the liquid bag is provided with a pipeline connected with a hydraulic pressure source and an accumulator.
Further, the selection range of the pressure supply device comprises a type A self-expansion device and a type B self-expansion device; preferably, the type a self-expanding device is a type a 1 self-expanding device.
Furthermore, the pressure supply device is strip-shaped and comprises a flexible pipeline and plugging devices positioned at two ends of the pipeline, and the plugging devices at two ends are connected with the flexible pipeline;
preferably, the material of the flexible pipe is capable of bending at least in the circumferential direction, and the bending rigidity is close to 0; preferably, the elongation strain of the material of the flexible pipeline in the circumferential direction of the pipeline is less than a given value delta; preferably, the elongation strain of the material of the flexible pipeline in the circumferential direction of the pipeline is greater than a given value delta; preferably, δ is 5% or less.
Furthermore, the pressure supply device is a bag type pressure supply device and comprises a bag type energy storage device, a bag type pressurization device and a bag type pressurization energy storage device;
preferably, the bag type energy storage device, the bag type pressurizing device and the bag in the bag type pressurizing energy storage device are strip-shaped, and comprise a flexible pipeline and plugging devices positioned at two ends of the pipeline, wherein the plugging devices at the two ends are connected with the flexible pipeline.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
the gap between the inner wall of the supporting shell and the outer surface of the pressure supply device is filled with fluid-solid conversion material, or/and,
the fluid-solid conversion material is present in the region of the surrounding space outside the support shell.
Further, the device has the following characteristics:
(1) When the fluid-solid transition material is in a flowable state, the fluid-solid transition material is suitable for flowing through the connecting channel;
or/and (c) the first and/or second,
(2) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state, the fluid-solid conversion material and the supporting shell form a composite shell, the composite shell comprises the supporting shell and the solidified fluid-solid conversion material in a certain range around the supporting shell, and the composite shell can bear the pressure of a medium on the periphery of the composite shell.
Method for manufacturing volume compensation device with shell
A method of manufacturing a belt casing volume compensator, characterised in that the belt casing volume compensator is manufactured as described in one of the first sections.
Method for providing pressure to surrounding medium by using volume compensation device with shell
A method for providing pressure to a surrounding medium using a shelled volume compensating device,
(1) Said shelled volume compensator is as described in one of the first (first) parts;
(2) In the process of providing pressure by using the shelled volume compensation device, fluid-solid conversion materials are required to participate besides the supporting shell and the pressure supply device;
the fluid-solid transition material is a material that can be brought from a fluid state to a solid state;
(3) The spatial relationship among the supporting shell of the shelled volume compensating device, the pressure supply device and the fluid-solid conversion material has the following characteristics,
a fluid-solid conversion material is present in at least a part of the interspace between the inner wall of the support housing and the outer surface of the pressure supply means, or/and,
a solid-liquid transition material is present at least in a part of the outer surrounding spatial region of the support shell;
(4) When the fluid-solid transition material is in a flowable state,
a. if the pressure exerted by an external medium on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the supporting shell is increased, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the cavity surrounded by the supporting shell through the connecting channel, and the pressure supply device in the cavity is pressed, so that the apparent volume of the pressure supply device is reduced; if the pressure exerted by an external medium on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the supporting shell or/and in the connecting channel is reduced, the apparent volume of the pressure supply device in the cavity is increased, and the fluid-solid conversion material is pushed to flow outside the supporting shell;
or/and (c) the first and/or second,
b. when the apparent volume of the pressure supply device is increased, the pressure supply device extrudes the fluid-solid conversion material in the cavity of the support shell and flows out of the support shell through the connecting channel; when the apparent volume of the pressure supply device is reduced, if the fluid-solid conversion material around the outside of the supporting shell is subjected to the pressure action of the peripheral medium, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the cavity of the supporting shell through the connecting channel;
(5) When the fluid-solid transition material is in the solid state,
the fluid-solid conversion material and the supporting shell form a composite shell, and the composite shell as a whole resists the pressure of an external medium; the support shell is capable of withstanding the pressure exerted on its surface by the solidified fluid-solid transition material.
(IV) Combined structural Member
A composite structural member comprising part a, part B and part C; wherein
The part A is surrounded with a cavity and is solid;
part B is a fluid-solid transition material, which is a material capable of changing from a flowable state to a solid state;
part C is one or more shelled volume compensation devices as described in one of the first parts, each of which comprises a support shell and a pressure supply device;
the shelled volume compensation device and the part B material are in the part A enclosed cavity.
Further, the part a is surrounded by one cavity, or the part a is surrounded by two or more cavities;
when the part a encloses two or more cavities, the cavities have the following characteristics:
(1) At least two cavities are in communication with each other; the communication means that a connecting channel exists between the two cavities, and the medium in a flowable state can flow into the other cavity from one cavity; or/and (c) the first and/or second,
(2) At least two cavities are isolated from each other; the isolation means that no connecting channel exists between the two cavities.
Further, at least in one cavity surrounded by the part a, the selection range of the material of the part B includes the following four main categories:
(1) A cement-based material comprising a mixture of a cementitious material,
the cement-based material comprises cement mortar, active powder concrete, common strength concrete, high-strength concrete and ultrahigh-strength concrete;
(2) A mixture of a cement-based material and a high molecular material,
cement in the cement-based material participates in hydration reaction;
preferably, the polymer material is a polymer emulsion;
preferably, the polymer material is a polymer material which can be cured by itself; preferably, the self-curable polymer material is an epoxy resin;
(3) A self-curable polymer material, preferably, the self-curable polymer material includes an epoxy resin;
(4) A mixture of a polymer material and solid powder or/and solid particles;
preferably, the part B material is a mixture of a high molecular material and solid powder;
preferably, the part B material is a mixture of a polymeric material and solid particles;
preferably, the part B material is a mixture of a polymer material, a solid powder and solid particles;
preferably, the solid powder is metal powder or inorganic non-metallic material powder; the solid particles are metal particles or inorganic non-metal material particles;
preferably, the inorganic non-metallic material powder and particles are stone powder and stone, respectively.
Further, at least in a cavity surrounded by said part A, there are M kinds of said part B materials, respectively B 1 ，B 2 …B i ， B i+1 ……B M The materials occupy different space areas, and each part B material is a fluid-solid conversion material.
Further, at least in one cavity enclosed by part a, the part B material has at least one of the following characteristics a and B:
(1) The characteristic A is that,
at least one i and one j exist, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, i is not equal to j, and at least one time period exists corresponding to i and j; during this time period, with B i Comparison of materials, B j The material has relatively high fluidity;
(2) The characteristic B is that,
at least one i and one j exist, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, i is not equal to j, and the B corresponds to the i and the j i And B j The material has the following characteristics:
(i) B is j Of a materialEnd of flow state later than or equal to B i The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B i The moment when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs; or,
(ii) B is j The end time of the flowable state of the material is later than or equal to B i The point at which the material volume shrinkage turning point occurs.
Furthermore, at least one cavity is at least partially surrounded by part A, and at least one cavity is provided with i,1 ≦ i ≦ M, and correspondingly B i The material has one or two or three of the following characteristics A, B and C,
(i) The first characteristic is that,
when B is present i When the material is in the flowable state stage, in one time period or a plurality of time periods or all stages, at least B in all B parts of the material i The material is under the action of compressive stress;
(ii) The characteristic B is that,
when said B is i During the solidification process of the material from the flowable state to the solid state, in one period, a plurality of periods or all stages of the solidification process, at least B in all B parts of the material i The material is under the action of compressive stress or prepressing stress;
(iii) The third characteristic is that,
when said B is i After the material is solidified, at least B in the whole part B material i The material is under the action of compressive stress or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress;
preferably, when M =1, i =1, B i Is B 1 All part B material is B 1 A material.
Further, at least in one cavity surrounded by part a, after all of the part B material therein has solidified, the component has at least one of the following characteristics:
(1) In part or a plurality of parts or all of the part B material in the cavity, compressive stress or pre-stress or residual pre-stress exists;
(2) The contact surface of part A inner wall and part B material of one part or a plurality of parts or all of the cavities has compressive stress or pre-stress or residual pre-stress;
(3) In the cavity, compressive stress exists on the contact surface of the outer surface of the support shell and the material of the part B.
Further, in at least one cavity enclosed by said part a, simplified pressurizing means are also present; the simplified pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing piston, a pressurizing pipeline and a medium therein, and a retarding pressurizing liquid sac.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
(1) The member having an axis over one or more or all of the length of the member in the assembled structure; and also,
(2) The axis has at least one of the following characteristics,
(i) One or more or all of the axes of the member are straight;
(ii) One, more or all of the axes of the member are curved;
(iii) At least one of the axes of the member is straight and at least one of the axes is curved.
Further, within one or more or all of the length of the members of the assembled structure,
the figure enclosed by the outer contour line of the cross section of the member or/and the figure enclosed by the outer contour line of the cross section of the cavity enclosed by the part A has the following characteristics,
the graph is a graph formed by a straight line or/and a curve in a surrounding mode;
preferably, the graphic is convex; preferably, the figure is a convex polygon; preferably, the graphic is a convex curved graphic; preferably, the figure is circular or elliptical; preferably, the figure is a rounded polygon.
Further, the composite structural member has one of the following features
(1) At least within a certain length range of the composite structural member, the cross-sectional shapes and sizes are respectively the same at different positions in the length direction;
(2) At least over a certain length of the composite structural member, the cross-sections at different positions in the length direction are similar in shape and different in size;
(3) At least within a certain length range of the combined structural member, at least two different positions can be found in the length direction, and the cross sections at the two positions are not similar in shape and size.
Further, the combined structural member is a cylindrical compression member with only one cavity and a straight axis; alternatively, the composite structural member is a compression member having only one cavity with an axis that is arcuately curved.
Further, the shelled volume compensation device has at least one of the following features:
(1) The apparent bulk modulus and the apparent bulk modulus of the pressure supply device are respectively far lower than the bulk modulus and the bulk modulus of the material of the part B at any stage, wherein any stage refers to any stage in the whole process, and the whole process refers to the process that the material is changed from a flowable state to a solid state reaching the final strength;
(2) After the fluid-solid conversion material is solidified and reaches the designed strength, the apparent bulk modulus and the apparent bulk deformation modulus of the composite shell consisting of the fluid-solid conversion material and the supporting shell are respectively far higher than those of the pressure supply device;
(3) After the fluid-solid conversion material is solidified and reaches the designed strength, the composite shell consisting of the fluid-solid conversion material and the supporting shell can bear the maximum pressure applied by the surrounding medium, and the maximum pressure is far higher than the pressure provided by the pressure supply device for the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone;
(4) The outer surface of the support shell without the hole can bear the maximum pressure applied by the surrounding medium and is far higher than the pressure supplied by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone;
(5) When the supporting shell is a circular steel pipe with holes in the pipe wall and the pressure supply device is a long pipe type bag type energy storage device, if the same radial pressure is added to the outer surface, the diameter except the radial displacement increment of the steel pipe of the section without the holes in the pipe wall is far lower than the diameter except the radial displacement increment of the bag type pressure supply device.
Method for manufacturing combined structural member
A method for manufacturing a composite structure comprises the following steps:
(1) A part a is obtained which encloses a cavity,
(2) One or more shelled volume-compensating devices are placed or fixed in the cavity enclosed by the part a,
(3) Filling the cavity with part B of material,
(4) Applying pressure to the part B material in the cavity;
the steps (2) and (3) are not influenced by the arrangement sequence in the manufacturing process;
the part B material is a fluid-solid conversion material,
the shelled volume-compensating device is as described in one of the first sections, and each shelled volume-compensating device includes a pressure-supplying device and a support shell, the pressure-supplying device being located within a cavity of the support shell.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
the part A of the combined structural member is surrounded by one or more cavities;
when the number of the cavities is more than or equal to 2, the cavities have the following characteristics:
(1) At least two cavities are in communication with each other; the communication means that a connecting channel exists between the two cavities, and the medium in a flowable state can flow into the other cavity from one cavity; or/and (c) the first and/or second,
(2) At least two cavities are isolated from each other; the isolation means that no connecting channel exists between the two cavities.
Further, filling a fluid-solid conversion material into a gap between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner surface of the support shell when appropriate;
preferably, before the belt casing volume compensation device is placed in the part A surrounding cavity, the fluid-solid conversion material in a flowable state is filled at least in a gap between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner surface of the support casing; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
when the cavity surrounded by the part A is filled with the material of the part B, or when pressure is applied to the material of the part B in the cavity surrounded by the part A, the material of the part B in the peripheral area near the outer surface of the supporting shell passes through the channel on the supporting shell and enters the gap between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner surface of the supporting shell.
Further, at least in one cavity surrounded by the part a, the selection range of the material of the part B includes the following four main categories:
(1) A cement-based material comprising a mixture of a cementitious material,
preferably, the cement-based material comprises cement mortar, reactive powder concrete, normal strength concrete, high-strength concrete and ultrahigh-strength concrete;
(2) The mixture of cement-based material and high molecular material, the cement participates in hydration;
preferably, the polymer material is a polymer emulsion;
preferably, the polymer material is a polymer material capable of curing by itself, and includes epoxy resin;
(3) A high-molecular material which can be cured by itself,
preferably, the self-curable polymer material includes an epoxy resin;
(4) A mixture of a polymer material and solid powder or/and solid particles;
preferably, the part B material is a mixture of a high molecular material and solid powder; preferably, the part B material is a mixture of a polymeric material and solid particles; preferably, the part B material is a mixture of a polymer material, a solid powder and solid particles;
preferably, the solid powder is a metal powder or an inorganic non-metallic material powder; the solid particles are metal particles or inorganic non-metal material particles; preferably, the inorganic non-metallic material powder and particles are stone powder and stone, respectively.
Further, at least in a cavity surrounded by part A, there are M kinds of said part B materials, respectively B 1 ，B 2 …B i ，B i+1 ……B M Materials, each occupying a different spatial region.
Further, at least in one cavity enclosed by part a, the part B material has at least one of the following characteristics a and B:
(1) The characteristic A is that,
at least one i and one j exist, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, i is not equal to j, and at least one time period exists corresponding to i and j; during this time period, with B i Comparison of materials, B j The material has relatively high fluidity;
(2) The characteristic B is that,
at least one of i and j, where i is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, j is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, i is not equal to j, and B corresponds to the above i And B j The material had the following characteristics:
(i) B is described j The end of the flowable state of the material being later than or equal to B i The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B i The moment when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs; or,
(ii) B is j The end time of the flowable state of the material is later than or equal to B i The point at which the material volume shrinkage turning point occurs.
Furthermore, at least one cavity surrounded by part A is at least provided with i,1 ≦ i ≦ M, and corresponding B i The material has one or two or three of the following characteristics A, B and C,
(i) The first characteristic is that,
when B is present i While the material is in the flowable state stage, in one or more of the time periods or all of the stages, at least the material in all of the B partsB i The material is subjected to compressive stress;
(ii) The characteristic B is that,
when said B is i During the solidification process of the material from the flowable state to the solid state, in one period, a plurality of periods or all stages of the solidification process, at least B in all B parts of the material i The material is under the action of compressive stress or prepressing stress;
(iii) The third characteristic is that,
when said B is i After the material is solidified, at least B in the whole part B material i The material is subjected to compressive or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress.
Further, at least in a cavity surrounded by the part A, at least one shelled volume compensating device is present, and when the part B material in contact with the outer surface of the support shell is in a flowable state, the conversion structural member has the following characteristics A or/and B,
(1) The first characteristic is that,
(i) If the volume of part B material between the outer surface of the support shell and the inner wall of part a is reduced, or a portion of the part B material in the region flows out of the region, or the space occupied by other devices or materials in the region is vacated, or the volume of the part a surrounding cavity is increased; then, the pressure supply device in the cavity of the support shell expands in volume to push part B of the material in the cavity of the support shell to flow into the periodic space area outside the support shell through the connecting channel;
(ii) If there is an increase in volume of part B material between the outer surface of the support shell and the inner wall of part A, or the space occupied by part B material in this region is squeezed out; then, the apparent volume of the pressure supply device in the cavity of the supporting shell is compressed, and the part A surrounds the material of the part B in the cavity and flows into the periodic space area outside the supporting shell through the connecting channel;
(2) The characteristic B is that,
(i) If the pressure supply device in the cavity of the supporting shell generates pressure change, the material of the part B in the cavity of the supporting shell transmits the pressure change to the material of the part B between the outer surface of the supporting shell and the inner wall of the part A through the connecting channel;
if the pressure change occurs in the material of the part B between the outer surface of the supporting shell and the inner wall of the part A, the change can be transmitted to the outer surface of the pressure supply device in the cavity of the supporting shell;
or/and (c) the first and/or second,
(ii) If the pressure supply device in the cavity of the supporting shell expands in volume, the material of the part B in the cavity of the supporting shell flows into the area between the outer surface of the supporting shell and the inner wall of the part A through the connecting channel;
if the pressure supply device in the cavity of the support shell shrinks in volume and the material B between the outer surface of the support shell and the inner wall of the part A has pressure stress, the material B between the outer surface of the support shell and the inner wall of the part A enters the cavity of the support shell through the connecting channel.
Further, the shelled volume compensation device has at least one of the following features:
(1) The apparent bulk modulus and the apparent bulk deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are respectively far lower than those of the material of the part B at any stage, wherein any stage refers to any stage in the whole process, and the whole process refers to the process that the material is changed from a flowable state into a solid state reaching the final strength;
(2) After the fluid-solid conversion material is solidified and reaches the designed strength, the apparent bulk modulus and the apparent bulk deformation modulus of the composite shell consisting of the fluid-solid conversion material and the supporting shell are respectively far higher than those of the pressure supply device;
(3) After the fluid-solid conversion material is solidified and reaches the designed strength, the composite shell consisting of the fluid-solid conversion material and the supporting shell can bear the maximum pressure applied by the surrounding medium, and the maximum pressure is far higher than the pressure provided by the pressure supply device for the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone;
(4) The outer surface of the support shell without the hole can bear the maximum pressure applied by the surrounding medium and is far higher than the pressure supplied by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone;
(5) When the supporting shell is a circular steel pipe with holes in the pipe wall and the pressure supply device is a long pipe type bag type energy storage device, if the same radial pressure is added to the outer surface, the diameter except the radial displacement increment of the steel pipe of the section without the holes in the pipe wall is far lower than the diameter except the radial displacement increment of the bag type pressure supply device.
Further, at least in one of the cavities enclosed by part a, simplified pressurizing means are also provided in the composite structural member, which means are capable of changing or maintaining the compressive stress of the material B in the cavity enclosed by part a;
the simplified pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing piston, a pressurizing pipeline, a medium in the pressurizing pipeline and a retarding pressurizing liquid sac, and is characterized in that the simplified pressurizing device is not provided with a supporting shell.
Further, at least in one cavity surrounded by the part A, the pressure of the material of the part B is changed or maintained by jointly using the simplified pressurizing device and the pressure supply device in the shelled volume compensation device;
said combined use is characterized by simultaneous use of said pressure supply means and said simplified pressure means at least for a certain period of time, or/and by alternating use of said pressure supply means and said simplified pressure means at least for a certain period of time.
Further, the combined structural member is a compression member whose axis is a straight line, or a compression member whose axis is an arch curve.
Further, at least one i and one j are present in a cavity at least partially enclosed by part A, where i is 1. Ltoreq. M, j is 1. Ltoreq. M, i.noteq.j, and correspondingly B i Materials and B j The materials are adjacent; the relationship between the two has one of the following characteristics,
(1) B is i Material facing said B j Any boundary surface on one side of the material is only contacted with the isolating device and is not contacted with the B j Contacting materials;
(2) In the B i Material facing said B j On the boundary surface of one side of the material, a part B i The material boundary surface is in contact with the isolating device and not in contact with B j Contacting materials; and a part B i Material boundary surface and B j The materials are in direct contact;
(3) B is i Material facing said B j Any boundary surface of one side of the material with B j The materials are in direct contact;
preferably, in the composite structural member used as a pillar, the insulation means is a sheet iron cylinder, B i The material being inside the cylinder, B j The material is positioned outside the cylinder; preferably, the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder are plugged, a feed inlet is reserved at the upper end, and B i No boundary surface of the material with B j The materials are in direct contact; preferably, the upper end of the cylinder is not blocked, B i Upper end of material and B j The upper ends of the materials are in direct contact.
Further, at least in one cavity enclosed by part a, there is only one part B material, where M =1;
at least one section of the combined structural member has the following characteristics in cross section:
(1) When the axis of the member is a straight line,
(i) If there is only one of said shelled volume-compensating devices in said portion a enclosed cavity, said device is on the geometric center of the cavity cross-section; or,
(ii) If there are two or more of said shelled volume-compensating devices in said partially a enclosed cavity, said devices are located in positions that are centrosymmetric about the geometric centroid of the cavity cross-section, or axisymmetric about a straight line;
(2) When the axis of the member is a curve lying on a plane,
(i) If there is only one said shelled volume compensator in said a-part enclosed cavity,
the device is on the geometric center of the cross section of the cavity; alternatively, the device is positioned off the geometric centroid of the cross-section of the cavity, but in the plane of the axis;
or,
(ii) If there are two or more of said shelled volume-compensating devices in said part a enclosed cavity,
the device is axisymmetric about the plane of the axis.
Further, at least in one cavity enclosed by part A, the part B material has the following characteristics I, II and III,
the characteristic I is that the characteristic I is,
in the cavity enclosed by the part A, there is B 1 And B 2 Two part B materials, when M =2; b is 1 And B 2 The materials respectively occupy different space areas;
the characteristic II is that the characteristic I is,
at least one volume compensator with a shell, the whole or most of the outer surface of which is in contact with B 2 Contacting materials;
the feature III is that the characteristic III is,
b is 1 And B 2 The material has at least one of the following three characteristics:
(1) The first characteristic is that,
b is 2 The end of the flowable state of the material being later than or equal to B 1 The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B 1 The moment when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs; or,
b is described 2 The end time of the flowable state of the material is later than or equal to B 1 The time when the turning point of the material volume shrinkage occurs;
(2) The characteristic B is that,
there is at least one time period during which, with B 1 Comparison of materials, B 2 The material has relatively high fluidity;
(3) The third characteristic is that,
b is 1 And B 2 The material has at least one of the following characteristics
(i) When B is present 1 The material is inDuring the flowing state stage, in one time period, a plurality of time periods or all stages, the B 1 Or/and B 2 The material is under the action of compressive stress;
(ii) When said B is 1 During the solidification process of the material from the flowable state to the solid state, the B is in one period, or a plurality of periods, or all stages 1 Or/and B 2 The material is under the action of compressive stress or prepressing stress;
(iii) When said B is 1 After the material has set, B 1 The material is under the action of compressive stress or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress; or/and, said B 2 The material is under the action of compressive stress or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress;
(iv) When said B is 1 And B 2 After the materials are all solidified, B 1 The material is under the action of compressive stress or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress; or/and, said B 2 The material is subjected to compressive or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress.
Further, in the cavity surrounded by the part A, there is B 1 、B 2 And B 3 Three part B materials, when M =3; b 1 、B 2 And B 2 The materials occupy different spatial regions respectively;
the method has at least one of the following three characteristics of methyl, ethyl and propyl,
the characteristic A is that,
at least one volume compensator with shell and B 3 Contacting materials; when said B is 3 When the material is in a flowable state, if B 1 Or/and B 2 When the material shrinks in volume, the pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with the shell pushes the B in contact with the material 3 The material flows out of the holes of the supporting shell and fills B 1 Or/and B 2 The shrinkage volume of the material.
(II) the characteristic B is that,
b is described 1 、B 2 And B 3 The material has one of the following three characteristics:
(1) Feature 1
a. B is 2 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than B 1 The time when the turning point of the material volume shrinkage occurs; or/and (c) the first and/or second,
b. b is 3 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than B 2 The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B 2 Before the time when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs;
(2) Feature 2
a. B is 2 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than B 1 The time when the turning point of the material volume shrinkage appears; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
b. b is described 3 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than B 2 The time when the turning point of the material volume shrinkage occurs;
(3) Feature 3
a. B is 2 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than or equal to B 1 The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B 1 The moment when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
b. b is 3 End of flowable state of material later than or equal to B 2 The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B 2 The moment when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs;
the third characteristic is that,
b is 1 、B 2 And B 3 The material has at least one of the following properties,
(i) When B is present 1 When the material is in the flowable state stage, in one time period, a plurality of time periods or all stages thereof, the material is in B 1 、 B 2 And B 3 At least one of the materials is under compressive stress;
(ii) When said B is 1 During the solidification of the material from the flowable state into the solid state, during one or more of the time periods or the whole phase, at B 1 、B 2 And B 3 At least one of the materialsA material is subjected to compressive or pre-compressive stress;
(iii) When said B is 1 After the material has set, at B 1 、B 2 And B 3 At least one material in the materials is under the action of compressive stress or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress;
(iv) When said B is 1 、B 2 And B 3 After the material has completely solidified, at B 1 、B 2 And B 3 At least one of the materials is subjected to compressive stress or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress.
Pressure supply device for (six) bags
An upper-limit bladder having the following characteristics:
if the inner and outer surfaces of the capsule wall are in contact with the fluid only, the internal pressure is higher than the external pressure; then the user can use the device to make a visual display,
when the pressure difference between the inside and the outside is smaller than a certain critical value, the apparent volume of the upper limit bag is obviously increased along with the increase of the pressure difference between the inside and the outside;
when the internal and external pressure difference is larger than a certain critical value, the apparent volume and the external shape of the upper limit bag are relatively stable and do not change obviously along with the increase of the pressure difference.
Further, the upper limit bag has at least one of the following characteristics:
(1) The upper limit bag changes volume by changing shape;
preferably, the wall material is a material that can be bent but has little tensile deformation; preferably, the manufacturing method of the capsule wall material is to coat airtight materials such as rubber on high-strength fiber fabrics;
(2) The upper limit bag is formed by wrapping a restraining sleeve outside a common bag, the restraining sleeve is woven by high-strength fibers, and when the common bag is expanded to be in close contact with the restraining sleeve, the restraining sleeve can limit the expansion of the bag wall; the tensile elongation at break of the high-strength fiber is less than a given value delta, or the tensile elongation of the high-strength fiber is less than the given value delta within a given tensile load range in application;
preferably, the fiber elongation δ is less than 5%; preferably, said δ is less than 10%; said δ is less than 15%; said δ is less than 20%;
the common capsule can realize the change of the apparent volume through the change of the shape or/and the change of the ruler;
preferably, before the common capsule bursts, the apparent volume of the common capsule is obviously increased along with the increase of the internal and external pressure difference, and the critical value of the internal and external pressure difference does not exist; preferably, the common bladder is a rubber bladder.
A lower limit bladder having the following characteristics:
when the pressure difference between the inside and the outside is negative, the shape or/and the apparent volume of the capsule is the shape and the volume required by the design. The internal and external pressure difference is the difference between the fluid pressure in the bag and the fluid pressure outside the bag.
Further, a support with a certain shape is placed in the lower limiting bag, and the shape of the support determines the final shape of the bag wall under the action of external high pressure;
preferably, the shape of the support includes, trilobe, quadralobe, dumbbell, round, etc.;
preferably, the support is made of a steel tube with a shape of three-leaf, four-leaf, dumbbell or round, and a plurality of small holes are distributed on the wall of the steel tube, so that gas can pass through the small holes; preferably, the diameter of the small hole is between 0.1 and 1mm; when the bag wall is pressed to be in contact with the outer surface of the steel pipe, gas in the air bag or gas and liquid in the gas-liquid bag are squeezed into the steel pipe;
preferably, the two ends of the steel pipe are provided with plugging devices, the surface of the steel pipe is smooth, and the capsule wall is prevented from being punctured.
Preferably, the tangential elongation of the wall material of the lower limit capsule is small, a dumbbell-shaped, trefoil-shaped or quadralobe-shaped support is placed inside the lower limit capsule, and the section perimeter of the capsule is slightly larger than or equal to the section perimeter of the support.
In this case, the lower-limit bag is actually a double-limit bag.
Preferably, the wall material has a high ability to stretch tangentially (e.g. rubber) and the support can be in the shape of a circle, triangle, square, etc. in addition to a dumbbell, trefoil, quadralobe (fig. 8).
A double-restriction bladder having the following two characteristics:
(1) If the inner and outer surfaces of the capsule wall are in contact with the fluid only, the internal pressure is higher than the external pressure; then the user can use the device to make a visual display,
when the internal and external pressure difference is less than a certain critical value, the apparent volume of the upper limit bag is obviously increased along with the increase of the internal and external pressure difference;
when the internal and external pressure difference is greater than a certain critical value, the apparent volume and the external shape of the upper limit bag are relatively stable and do not change obviously with the increase of the pressure difference;
(2) When the internal and external pressure difference is negative, the shape or/and apparent volume of the air bag is the shape and volume required by design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional profile view of a shelled volume compensator;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of the shelled volume compensator;
FIG. 3 illustrates a butt-joint belt housing volume compensating device, an elongated pressure supply device;
FIG. 4 illustrates a butt-joint type belt housing volume compensation device and a spherical pressure supply device;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional shape of the frangible enclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a chemical reaction self-expansion device;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a chemical reaction self-expansion device;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional shape of a buttress in the lower bladder;
FIG. 9 the lower bladder is depressed to a lower limit;
FIG. 10 shows the wall of the lower limit bladder fully deployed;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the shelled volume compensator;
FIG. 12 is a longitudinal plan view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing a material B and a shell volume compensator;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing a material B and a shell volume compensator;
FIG. 14 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing a material B and a shell volume compensator;
fig. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view of the shelled volume compensator in the concrete-filled steel tube compression member containing a material B and a shelled volume compensator,
FIG. 16 is a longitudinal plan view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing a material B and a shell volume compensator;
FIG. 17 is a longitudinal plan view of a concrete filled steel tubular compression member containing a material B and six shell volume compensators;
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing a material B and six shelled volume compensators;
FIG. 19 is a longitudinal plan view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing two materials B and a shell volume compensator;
FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing two materials B and a shell volume compensator;
FIG. 21 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing two B materials and a shell volume compensator;
FIG. 22 is a longitudinal plan view of a concrete filled steel tubular compression member containing two B materials and two shell volume compensators;
FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional profile view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing two materials B and two shelled volume compensators;
FIG. 24 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing two B materials and two shelled volume compensators;
FIG. 25 is a longitudinal plan view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing two materials B and four shelled volume compensators;
FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing two materials B and four shelled volume compensators;
FIG. 27 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing two B materials and four shelled volume compensators;
FIG. 28 is a longitudinal plan view of a concrete filled steel tubular arch compression member containing two materials B and a shell volume compensator;
FIG. 29 is a cross sectional view of a concrete filled steel tubular arch compression member containing two materials B and a shell volume compensator;
FIG. 30 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a concrete filled steel tubular arch compression member containing two materials B and a shell volume compensator;
FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing three B materials and a shell volume compensator;
FIG. 32 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing three B materials and a shell volume compensator;
FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing three B materials and two shelled volume compensators;
fig. 34 contains three B materials and two concrete filled steel tube compression members with shell volume compensation devices, partially enlarged in cross section.
FIG. 35 is a longitudinal sectional view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing three B materials and four shell volume compensators;
FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing three B materials and four shelled volume compensators;
FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional half sectional view of a concrete filled steel tube compression member containing three B materials and four shelled volume compensators;
FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view of a steel pipe having three cavities as part A.
FIG. 39 a lattice column containing three column limbs;
figure 40 contains a three limb lattice column.
Detailed Description
Volume compensator with shell
A belt casing volume compensation device comprises a pressure supply device and a support casing;
the supporting shell is surrounded with a cavity, and a connecting channel is arranged between the cavity and the surrounding space area outside the supporting shell;
the pressure supply device is positioned in the cavity;
the pressure supply device can supply pressure to the medium contacted with the pressure supply device.
The description will be given by taking fig. 1 to 4 as an example. These figures are for illustration purposes only and do not limit the scope of the invention. Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 2 to 4, and fig. 1 shows three cases in combination with fig. 2, 3, and 4, respectively.
In fig. 1 and 2, the support shell is a steel pipe 32 with a hole 3201 in the wall, one end of the pipe is a convex shell, the other end of the pipe is blocked by a threaded plug 3202, and the plug 3202 can be removed from and installed on the pipe 32. A pressure supply device 31 is installed in the cavity of the support case 32. During installation, the pressure supply device 31 is installed into the pipe from the end having the plug, and then the plug 3202 is screwed on.
In fig. 3, the support case includes an upper portion 321, a lower portion 322, and a coupling sleeve 323. The upper portion 321 and the lower portion 322 may be separated and joined together by a connecting sleeve 323. The support housing is divided into upper and lower parts in order to be able to fit the pressure supply means 31 into the cavity of the support housing. The support shell has holes 3211 in an upper portion and holes 3221 in a lower portion.
In fig. 1 and 4, the supporting shell is the same as in fig. 3, and the pressure supply means are a number of spherical air cells or/and spherical air-liquid cells or/and solid elastomer spheres.
The holes 3201 on the tube wall in fig. 1 and 2 are the connecting channels; the holes 3211 and the holes 3221 are also both connecting channels in fig. 3 and 4.
Preferred forms of the supporting shell
The preferred form of support shell comprises a tube, a convex shell.
Preferred forms of tube for use as a support shell
The pipe wall of the pipe is not provided with a hole, and at least one end of the pipe is not blocked;
the pipe wall of the pipe is provided with a hole, and the two ends of the pipe are blocked;
the pipe wall of the pipe is provided with a hole, and at least one of the two ends of the pipe is not blocked;
preferably, the outer contour of the cross-section of the tube is convex, adapted to withstand a uniform normal pressure around it; preferably, the cross-sectional outer contour of the tube is circular or elliptical.
When the support shell is a tube, whether or not the wall of the tube is perforated, the tube bore at the non-plugged end of the tube, surrounded by the inner surface of the wall of the tube, is a connecting channel connecting the cavity of the tube with the surrounding area outside the tube, the cross-section of the channel being the same as the cross-section of the cavity of the tube, provided that at least one end of the tube is not plugged.
Preferred form of the outwardly convex shell
The convex shell used as the supporting shell is a spherical shell or an ellipsoidal shell, and the shell is provided with holes.
Support shell material
The pipe and the convex shell are made of metal, composite materials and high polymer materials.
Preferably, the material of construction of the tube and the outer convex shell is structural steel.
Pressure supply device
The selection range of the pressure supply device comprises a pressurizing device, an energy storage device and a pressurizing energy storage device.
Energy storage device
The energy storage device has the following characteristics,
when the pressure on the outer surface of the energy storage device is increased, the apparent volume of the energy storage device is reduced, and the energy storage device absorbs energy; and/or, when the pressure on the outer surface is reduced, the apparent volume of the energy storage device is increased, and the energy storage device releases energy.
The selection range of the energy storage device comprises an air bag, a gas-liquid bag, an energy storage liquid bag, a solid elastomer energy storage device and an elastic shell energy storage device.
Energy-storage liquid bag
The energy storage liquid bag is characterized in that the liquid bag is connected with the energy accumulator through a pipeline, and when the pressure of liquid in the liquid bag is increased, the liquid is squeezed into the energy accumulator; when the pressure of the fluid in the fluid bladder decreases, the fluid in the accumulator flows out of the accumulator.
Air bag
The air bag is characterized in that compressed gas is filled in the air bag.
Gas-liquid bag
The gas-liquid bag is characterized in that the bag is filled with liquefied gas, and one part of medium in the bag is in a gaseous state, and the other part of medium in the bag is in a liquid state.
Pressure device
The pressurizing means is characterized by being capable of varying or maintaining the pressure between its outer surface and the medium with which it is in contact.
The selection range of the pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing air bag, a pressurizing liquid bag, a pressurizing gas-liquid bag and a self-expanding device.
Preferably, the self-expansion device is a type a self-expansion device; preferably, the type a self-expanding device is a type a 1 self-expanding device; preferably, the type a 1 self-expanding device is a type a 1a or/and type a 1b self-expanding device.
Preferably, the self-expansion device is a b-type self-expansion device.
Pressurized air bag
The pressurizing air bag is connected with an air pressure source through a pipeline, and the air pressure source can adjust the air pressure in the pipeline and the air bag. Preferably, the air pressure source is an air pump. When the air pump stops working, the pressurizing air bag becomes an energy storage device.
Pressurized liquid bag
The pressurizing liquid sac is connected with a hydraulic source through a pipeline, and the hydraulic source can adjust the liquid pressure in the pipeline and the liquid sac. Preferably, the pipeline of the pressurizing liquid bag is also connected with an energy accumulator, if the volume of the energy accumulator is small, the energy accumulator only plays a role in stabilizing pressure, and the pressurizing liquid bag can still be regarded as the pressurizing liquid bag; if the volume of the accumulator is large, the pressurized liquid bag becomes a pressurized energy storage liquid bag.
Pressurized gas-liquid bag
The pressurized gas-liquid bag is connected with a gas pressure source or/and a hydraulic pressure source through a pipeline, and the gas pressure source or/and the hydraulic pressure source can adjust the gas pressure or/and the liquid pressure in the pipeline and the gas-liquid bag.
Pressurized energy storage device
The pressurized energy storage device has characteristics a and b,
the characteristic A is that,
the pressurized energy storage device is capable of changing or maintaining the pressure between its outer surface and the medium in contact therewith;
the characteristic B is that,
under the condition that other influencing factors are unchanged, if the pressure of the surrounding flowable medium is increased, the apparent volume of the pressurized energy storage device is reduced; or/and, if the surrounding flowable medium pressure decreases, the apparent volume of the pressurized energy storage device increases.
The selection range of the pressurizing energy storage device comprises a pressurizing air bag, a pressurizing gas-liquid bag, a pressurizing energy storage liquid bag, a type A self-expansion device and a type B self-expansion device.
Preferably, the type a self-expanding device is a type a 1 self-expanding device; preferably, the type a 1 self-expanding device is a type a 1a or/and type a 1b self-expanding device. The gas in the pressurizing air bag and the pressurizing liquid bag is compressible and has the function of storing energy, so the pressurizing air bag and the pressurizing liquid bag can be regarded as a pressurizing energy storage device.
Pressurized energy-storage liquid bag
The pressurized liquid bag is characterized in that the liquid bag is connected with an energy accumulator through a pipeline besides a hydraulic source. The hydraulic source can adjust the liquid pressure in the pipeline; the accumulator stores and releases energy, stabilizing the fluid pressure.
Fluid-solid conversion pressure supply device
The fluid-solid conversion pressure supply device is characterized in that: (1) A fluid medium exists in the pressure supply device, and the fluid medium is a main source of pressure generated by the pressure supply device; (2) The fluid medium changes from a fluid to a solid over time.
Preferably, the fluid-solid conversion pressure supply device is an energy storage liquid bag, a pressurization liquid bag or a pressurization energy storage liquid bag, and the fluid medium in the bag is a fluid-solid conversion material.
Bag type pressure supply device
The bag type device comprises a bag type pressurizing device, a bag type energy storing device and a bag type pressurizing energy storing device.
The bag type pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing air bag, a pressurizing liquid bag and a pressurizing air-liquid bag;
the bag type energy storage device comprises an air bag, a gas-liquid bag and an energy storage liquid bag;
the bag type pressurized energy storage device comprises a pressurized air bag, a pressurized gas liquid bag and a pressurized energy storage liquid bag.
Preference for balloon devices
The bag type pressure supply device comprises a common bag, an upper limit bag, a lower limit bag and a double limit bag according to the deformation characteristic division of the bags.
The common air bags comprise common air bags, common air bags and common liquid bags, the upper limit bags comprise upper limit air bags, upper limit air-liquid bags and upper limit liquid bags, the lower limit bags comprise lower limit air bags, lower limit air-liquid bags and lower limit liquid bags, and the double limit bags comprise double limit air bags, double limit air-liquid bags and double limit liquid bags.
Common bag
The common capsule can achieve a change in apparent volume by undergoing a change in shape or/and a change in ruler.
Preferably, the capsule wall of the common capsule is made of materials which are easy to bend and stretch; preferably, the wall material of the common bladder is rubber.
The common air bag, the common air bag and the wall of the common liquid bag are all made of materials which are easy to bend and deform and easy to stretch and deform; preferably, the wall material of the common air bag, the common air bag and the common liquid bag is rubber.
Common air bag and common gas-liquid bag used as energy storage device
When the storage device is a common air bag or a common air bag, one of the preferable solutions is to inflate the air bag or the air bag to a designed pressure value only under the condition that the common air bag or the common air bag is in the cavity of the support shell. When the air pressure reaches the design value, the outer wall of the air bag or the gas-liquid bag is in close contact with the inner wall of the supporting shell and has contact pressure stress, and the air pressure in the air bag or the gas-liquid bag is almost equal to the positive stress between the outer surface of the air bag or the gas-liquid bag and the inner surface of the supporting shell. Preferably, a shield is placed at the hole of the inner wall of the support shell to prevent the capsule wall from being squeezed into the hole. Preferably, the shade is a sheet-like item; preferably, the screen is a plastic sheet.
Upper limit bag
The upper limit bag has the following characteristics: if both the inner and outer surfaces of the capsule wall are in contact with fluid only, and the internal pressure is higher than the external pressure; then the process of the first step is carried out,
when the internal and external pressure difference is less than a certain critical value, the apparent volume of the upper limit bag is obviously increased along with the increase of the internal and external pressure difference;
when the internal and external pressure difference is larger than a certain critical value, the apparent volume and the external shape of the upper limit bag are relatively stable and do not change obviously along with the increase of the pressure difference.
Preferably, the upper limit capsule is volume-changed by changing shape; preferably, the wall material is a material that can be bent but has little tensile deformation; preferably, the wall material is produced by coating a gas-impermeable material such as curable rubber on a high-strength fiber fabric.
Preferably, the upper limiting bag is wrapped with a constraining sheath made of high-strength fiber outside the general bag, and the constraining sheath limits the expansion of the bag wall when the general bag is expanded to be in close contact with the constraining sheath. If the internal fluid pressure is increased further, a situation will arise where the walls of the bladder and the constraining sheath together resist the pressure of the fluid within the bladder and the amount of inflation of the bladder will be limited.
Preferably, the upper limit bag is an upper limit air bag or an upper limit air bag; preferably, the upper-limit bladder is shaped and dimensioned to fit into the cavity of the support shell when it reaches the upper volume limit.
Preferably, an upper limit air bag or an upper limit air-liquid bag with the air pressure reaching the requirement is arranged in the cavity of the supporting shell;
preferably, a plurality of upper limit air bags or upper limit air-liquid bags with the air pressure reaching the requirement are arranged in the cavity of the support shell;
preferably, the supporting shell is a tube with a circular cross section, and a circular tube-shaped upper limit air bag or a circular tube-shaped upper limit air liquid bag is arranged inside the tube to serve as an energy storage device, and the energy storage device is shown in figures 1 to 3. The length of the upper limit air bag 31 or the upper limit air-liquid bag 31 is less than that of the support shell (figure 2), and the cross-sectional outer diameter of the air bag 31 or the air-liquid bag 31 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe when reaching the upper limit volume.
Preferably, a plurality of circular tube-shaped upper limit air bags or upper limit air liquid bags are arranged inside the tube, and the total length of the air bags or the air liquid bags is smaller than that of the supporting shell.
Preferably, the support shell is a tube of larger diameter inside which a plurality of spherical upper limit air bags or spherical upper limit air liquid bags are placed, see fig. 4. Preferably, at least one end of the two ends of the pipe is not blocked; preferably, both ends of the tube are plugged;
preferably, when the upper volume limit is reached, the diameter of the spherical upper limit air bag or the upper limit air-liquid bag is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the support shell; preferably, the ratio of the diameter of the spherical upper limit balloon or upper limit balloon to the inner diameter of the tube when the upper volume limit is reached is in the range of 0.5 to 07, or in the range of 0.7 to 0.95.
Preferably, the support shell is a spherical or ellipsoidal shell with one or more spherical or gas-liquid upper-limit bladders disposed in the cavity of the shell.
Lower limit bag
The lower limit bladder has the following characteristics: when the pressure difference between the inside and the outside is negative, the shape or/and the apparent volume of the capsule is the shape and the volume required by the design. The internal and external pressure difference is the difference between the fluid pressure in the bag and the fluid pressure outside the bag.
Preferably, a support of a certain shape is placed inside the lower limiting capsule, the shape of the support determining the final shape of the capsule wall under the action of external high pressure. Preferably, the shape of the support includes a trilobe shape, a quadralobe shape, a dumbbell shape, a round shape, etc., see fig. 8. Preferably, the support is made of a steel pipe with a shape of a trefoil, a quadralobe, a dumbbell or a circle, a plurality of small holes are distributed on the wall of the steel pipe, and gas can pass through the small holes; preferably, the diameter of the orifice is between 0.1 and 1mm. When the wall of the balloon is pressed into contact with the outer surface of the steel tube, the gas in the balloon, or the gas and liquid in the gas-liquid bag, is squeezed into the steel tube. The two ends of the steel pipe are provided with plugging devices, the surface is smooth, and the capsule wall is prevented from being punctured.
Preferably, the lower limit bladder has a small tangential elongation of the bladder wall material and has a dumbbell-shaped, trilobal, or quadralobal shaped support (see fig. 8) placed inside, and the cross-sectional perimeter of the bladder is slightly larger than or equal to the perimeter of the support cross-section. In this case, the lower-limit bag is actually a double-limit bag.
Preferably, the wall material has a high ability to stretch tangentially (e.g. rubber) and the support can be in the shape of a circle, triangle, square, etc. in addition to a dumbbell, trefoil, quadralobe (fig. 8).
Figures 9 and 10 are schematic views of a trilobal buttress being placed inside a bladder. The static pressure on the outer surface of the surrounding capsule wall presses the capsule wall 312 against the surface of the support 311, and the shape of the capsule wall 312 is the same as that of the support 311 (fig. 9); when the fluid pressure in the bladder is greater than the ambient static pressure, the lower limit bladder expands; when the wall is fully deployed, the cross-section will be approximately circular, see fig. 10.
Double-limiting air bag
In the shelled volume compensating device, the pressure supply device is a double-limit airbag.
The double-limit airbag has the characteristics of both the upper-limit airbag and the lower-limit airbag, namely the following two characteristics:
(1) Under the condition that the inner surface and the outer surface of the capsule wall are only contacted with the fluid, when the pressure difference is larger than a certain critical value, the apparent volume and the external shape of the upper limit capsule are relatively stable and do not change obviously along with the increase of the pressure difference. The pressure difference is the difference between the fluid pressure in the capsule and the fluid pressure outside the capsule;
(2) When the pressure difference is negative, the shape or/and apparent volume of the air bag is the shape and volume required by the design.
Strip-shaped integrated bag
When the interior is filled with fluid, the bladder is elongated in shape, all or substantially all of the material of the bladder is of the same type, and there is no significant cross-section between the various portions of the bladder. Preferably, the elongate integral bladder is a rubber bladder.
Strip-shaped combined bag
The flexible pipeline is connected with the plugging devices at the two ends.
Preferably, the material of the flexible pipe is capable of bending at least in the circumferential direction, and the bending rigidity is close to 0; the elongation strain of the material of the flexible pipeline in the circumferential direction of the pipeline is less than a given value delta; preferably, the elongation strain of the material of the flexible pipeline in the circumferential direction of the pipeline is greater than a given value delta; preferably, δ is equal to or less than 5%.
Preferably, the flexible pipeline is a rubber pipe or a flexible PVC pipe capable of extending in the circumferential direction. Preferably, the flexible pipeline is a thin-wall metal pipe, and the wall thickness is similar to the thickness of the side wall of the pop can; preferably, the cross-sectional profile of the bladder is trilobal or quadralobal prior to filling the bladder with fluid.
Solid elastomer energy storage device
In the shelled volume compensating device, the pressure supply device is a solid elastomer energy storage device.
The solid elastomer energy storage device is a solid elastomer, and the elastomer is made of materials with high elastic deformation such as rubber and polyurethane.
Elastic shell energy storage device
In the shelled volume compensating device, the pressure supply device is an elastic shell energy storage device.
The elastic shell energy storage device is characterized in that the shell is made of elastic materials and surrounds a closed cavity; at least a portion of the housing is configured to flex when subjected to ambient fluid pressure. Such enclosures rely primarily on bending deformation to store energy.
Self-expanding device
The self-expanding device is a device capable of expanding in apparent volume, or a device capable of expanding in apparent volume under certain conditions.
A-shaped self-expansion device
The A-type self-expansion device includes a sheath and a gas generating device. The outer skin is a closed device which is made of impermeable or almost impermeable materials and can change the apparent volume, or the appearance shape and the apparent volume can be changed; by impermeable is meant that pressurised gases or/and liquids cannot seep through the outer skin. When certain preset conditions are reached, the gas generating means are able to generate a gas which presses the sheath from the inside, increasing the apparent volume of the self-expanding device.
Preferably, the sheath of the A-type self-expansion device is a closed device made of a high polymer material, and when the A-type self-expansion device is fully expanded, the shape of the A-type self-expansion device is tubular, spherical or ellipsoidal; preferably, the polymeric material is rubber.
Preferably, the A-type self-expansion device outer skin is a thin-walled metal tube with a non-circular section and two ends of the thin-walled metal tube are sealed, and when the inner wall is pressed, the shape of the thin-walled tube is changed, and the apparent volume of the thin-walled tube is increased.
First 1 type self-expansion device
The gas generating means in the type a 1 self-expansion device contains at least two materials which are normally isolated from each other; when certain conditions are met, the two materials are mixed with each other, a chemical reaction occurs, gas is generated, and the gas pushes the outer skin to expand.
Preferably, when the pressure to which the gas generating means is subjected reaches a preset value, the two materials mix, generating gas. Preferably, the two materials are sodium bicarbonate and a liquid containing hydrogen ions, respectively. Preferably, a safety valve is installed on the self-expansion device to ensure that the gas pressure is maintained around a preset value. When the gas pressure exceeds the preset pressure value of the safety valve, the gas is discharged from the valve port, and when the gas pressure is lower than the preset value, the safety valve is closed.
Preferably, the two gas generating materials are water and a polyurethane grouting liquid, respectively.
First 1a type self-expansion device-brittle shell capsule
The self-expanding device A1 a has chemical component A and chemical component B enclosed in a sealed space, and can generate gas when the chemical components A and B are mixed. When it is desired to expand the self-expanding device, the device can be activated to self-expand by simply squeezing it. The expansion mechanism is as follows: when the outer skin of the self-expanding device is extruded, the outer skin extrudes the brittle outer shell inside the self-expanding device to crack the brittle outer shell, so that the chemical components a and b are mixed to generate gas, and the gas pushes the outer skin to expand.
Preferably, the frangible enclosure is a non-circular cross-section tube 313 made of a frangible material and closed at both ends. Further, the cross section of the glass tube is oval, or rectangular, or a combination of a rectangle and two semicircles, see fig. 5. Preferably, the brittle material is a brittle polymer material or glass; preferably, the brittle high molecular material is a brittle plastic.
Preferably, the outer skin of the self-expanding device is a rubber tube 310 closed at both ends, see fig. 6, inside which a chemical component a (312) and a glass tube 313 closed at both ends and having a rectangular cross section are placed, and the liquid filled in the glass tube is a chemical component b (314). When the rubber tube is pressed by the surrounding hydrostatic pressure, the rubber tube presses the isatis root 313 in the rubber tube to break the isatis root, so that the liquid chemical component a (314) in the rubber tube flows out to react with the component b (312) to generate gas. Further, the component a is sodium carbonate and the component b is hydrochloric acid. Preferably, the component a is polyurethane grouting liquid, the component b is water, the polyurethane grouting liquid and the component b are mixed and foamed to generate volume expansion, and the product has certain strength after being cured.
Preferably, the mass of the chemical components a and b is determined in dependence on the mass of the process gas, which is determined in dependence on the ambient temperature, the volume of the gas and the gas pressure.
Preferably, a safety valve is provided on the self-expansion device to discharge a portion of the gas when the gas pressure exceeds a preset value, ensuring that the pressure does not exceed a prescribed value.
First 1b type self-expansion device-brittle shell capsule
Two closed devices A and B are arranged in the closed space of the type A1 b self-expansion device, the shells of the devices A and B are fragile shells, one chemical component a is arranged in the device A, the other chemical component b is arranged in the device B, and when the components a and b are mixed, gas can be generated. When the first and second devices are successively crushed by the sheath 310, the components a and b produce gas after mixing, and the gas expansion pushes the self-expansion device to expand, so that the apparent volume of the self-expansion device is increased.
Preferably, the self-expanding device is a PVC pipe 310 closed at both ends, see fig. 7. Two rectangular section brittle plastic pipes 311 and 313 with two closed ends are arranged inside the PVC pipe 310, liquid 312 with chemical component a is filled inside the brittle plastic pipe 311, and liquid 3214 with chemical component b is filled inside the brittle plastic pipe 313. When the brittle plastic tubes are compressed by the outer skin of the self-expanding device, the brittle plastic tubes 3211 and 3213 may break either sequentially or simultaneously if the pressure reaches a certain value. When the liquids 314 and 312 in the two brittle plastic pipes flow out, a reaction occurs after mixing, and the generated gas expands outwards from the inner extrusion rubber pipe.
Preferably, component a is a sodium carbonate solution and component b is hydrochloric acid.
Preferably, the component a is polyurethane grouting liquid, the component b is water, the polyurethane grouting liquid and the component b are mixed and foamed to generate volume expansion, and the product has certain strength after being cured.
Self-expanding device-memory alloy device
The B-type self-expansion device is made of shape memory alloy, or the used material is shape memory alloy.
When the temperature changes, the shape of the memory alloy changes, and further the volume of the self-expansion device changes.
When the temperature is in the range of T1, the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the self-expansion device is minimum or nearly minimum; when the temperature is in the range of T2 interval, the outer volume of the device is maximum or close to maximum; the internal temperature of the composite structure is not within the temperature range of the T1 interval, but is within the temperature range of the T2 interval;
the memory alloy self-expansion device is placed in the temperature range of T1 before being used to apply pressure to the material of part B in the part A enclosed cavity; after being placed in the portion a enclosure, the outer volume of the device expands due to the temperature in the T2 temperature range, compressing the portion B material.
One commonly used self-expanding device is a tube made of shape memory alloy that is closed at both ends. When the temperature is within the range of T2, the shape of the cross section of the pipe wall is changed, the surrounding volume of the outer surface is expanded, and pressure is applied to the cement-containing material; when the shape of the cross section of the pipe wall changes, at least one section of the pipe wall on the cross section is bent; the device also has an energy storage function because of the ability to store a large amount of elastic energy when the tube wall is bent.
Another self-expanding device is made by combining a flexible material and a memory alloy, and when the shape of the memory alloy is changed, the flexible material is driven to change together, so that the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the self-expanding device is changed.
Method for manufacturing volume compensation device with shell
A method for manufacturing a volume compensation device with a shell is characterized in that the volume compensation device with the shell can be manufactured by the method.
A manufacturing method of the belt shell volume compensation device comprises the steps of manufacturing a supporting shell and a manufacturing device pressure supply device.
Preferably, the pressure supply means is mounted in the cavity of the support housing.
Method for providing pressure to surrounding medium by using volume compensation device with shell
A method for providing pressure to a surrounding medium using a shelled volume compensating device,
(1) Using the shelled volume compensating device in the process of providing the pressure;
(2) In the process of providing pressure by using the shelled volume compensation device, besides using the supporting shell and the pressure supply device, fluid-solid conversion materials are also needed to participate;
(3) The supporting shell with the shell volume compensation device, the pressure supply device and the fluid-solid conversion material have the following relationship, and the fluid-solid conversion material exists between the inner wall of the supporting shell and the outer surface of the pressure supply device; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
in the peripheral space region outside the supporting shell, at least one part of the region is provided with the fluid-solid conversion material;
(3) When the fluid-solid transition material is in a flowable state, the device has the following properties A or/and B,
the characteristic A is that,
if the pressure exerted by an external medium on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the supporting shell is increased, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the cavity surrounded by the supporting shell through the channel, and the pressure supply device in the cavity is pressed, so that the apparent volume of the pressure supply device is reduced; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
if the pressure exerted by an external medium on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the supporting shell or in the channel is reduced, the apparent volume of the pressure supply device in the cavity is increased, and the fluid-solid conversion material is pushed to flow outside the supporting shell;
the characteristic B is that,
if the apparent volume of the pressure supply device inside the supporting shell is increased, the fluid-solid conversion material inside the supporting shell flows to the outside of the supporting shell through the channel;
if the apparent volume of the pressure supply device inside the supporting shell becomes smaller and the fluid-solid conversion material outside the supporting shell is extruded by the surrounding medium, the fluid-solid conversion material outside the supporting shell or in the channel flows to the inside of the supporting shell through the channel; (4) When the fluid-solid transition material is in a solid state,
the fluid-solid conversion material and the support shell form a composite shell, which as a whole is resistant to the pressure of the external medium.
The description will be given by taking fig. 11 as an example. These figures are for illustration purposes only and do not limit the scope of the invention.
In fig. 11, the support housing 32 is provided with a hole 321, the pressure supply device 31 is located in a cavity enclosed by the support housing 32, a fluid-solid conversion material 331 is present between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner wall of the support housing, a fluid-solid conversion material 332 is present in the passage 321, and a fluid-solid conversion material 333 is present in the region of the surrounding space outside the support housing 32. The fluid- solid conversion materials 331, 332, and 333 in the different regions are the same material. Preferably, the fluid-solid conversion material surrounds the entire outer surface of the support shell 32; preferably, only a portion of the outer surface of the support shell is in contact with the fluid-solid conversion material.
(IV) a combined structural member
A composite structure comprising part a, part B and part C; wherein
The part A is surrounded with a cavity and made of solid materials;
part B is composed of a fluid-solid transition material, which is a material capable of changing from a flowable state to a solid state;
the part C is one or more shelled volume compensation devices, each shelled volume compensation device comprises a supporting shell and a pressure supply device, and the pressure supply device is positioned in a cavity of the supporting shell;
the shelled volume compensation device and the part B material are positioned in the part A surrounding cavity.
A fluid-solid conversion material is present in the interspace between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner surface of the support shell or/and in the outer peripheral region of the support shell; preferably, the fluid-solid transition material is the same material as the part B material, or the same material as a certain part B material.
Preferred forms of part A
The part a encloses a cavity.
The part a encloses two or more cavities having the following characteristics:
(1) At least two cavities are in communication with each other; the communication means that a connecting channel exists between the two cavities, and the medium in a flowable state can flow into the other cavity from one cavity; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
(2) At least two cavities are isolated from each other; the isolation means that no connecting channel exists between the two cavities.
Preferably, the part a comprises a tube and blocking means at both ends thereof. Preferably, the cross-section of the occluding device at least one end is larger than the cross-section of the tube; preferably, the outer profile surrounding pattern of the cross-section of at least one end of the occluding device is the same as the outer profile surrounding pattern of the cross-section of said tube. Preferably, the pipe is a steel pipe or an FRP pipe.
Preferably, the a part is a spherical or ellipsoidal shell.
For example. As shown in fig. 28, a hollow cavity 2.2 of the three-cavity steel pipe is adjacent to the hollow cavity 2.1 and the hollow cavity 2.3, wherein the hollow cavities 2.1 and 2.2 are communicated, and a partition plate 12.2 between the hollow cavities has a hole 12.2.1; the cavities 2.2 and 2.3 are isolated. In fig. 39 and 40 the cavities of the limbs 12.1, 12.2 and 12.3 in the three-limb lattice column are isolated from each other, each cavity being filled with concrete. The patch tube is not in communication with the limb.
Composition of part B materials
The material of the part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, and the selection range of the fluid-solid conversion material comprises the following materials:
(1) A cement-based material comprising a mixture of a cementitious material,
preferably, the cement-based material includes cement mortar, reactive Powder Concrete (RPC), normal strength concrete (NHSC), high Strength Concrete (HSC), ultra High Strength Concrete (UHSC);
(2) The mixture of cement-based material and high molecular material, the cement participates in hydration;
preferably, the polymer material is a polymer emulsion;
preferably, the polymer material is a polymer material capable of curing by itself, and includes epoxy resin;
(3) A self-curable polymer material, preferably, the self-curable polymer material includes an epoxy resin;
(4) A mixture of a polymer material and solid powder or/and solid particles;
preferably, the part B material is a mixture of a high molecular material and solid powder; preferably, the part B material is a mixture of a polymeric material and solid particles; preferably, the part B material is a mixture of a polymer material, a solid powder and solid particles;
preferably, the solid powder is metal powder or inorganic non-metallic material powder; the solid particles are metal particles or inorganic non-metal material particles; preferably, the inorganic non-metallic material powder and particles are stone powder and stone, respectively.
M kinds of B materials
At least in a cavity surrounded by the part A, there are M kinds of the materials of the part B, which are respectively B 1 ，B 2 …B i ，B i+1 ……B M The materials occupy different space areas, and each B part material is a fluid-solid conversion material.
Mechanical properties
At least in a cavity surrounded by part a, the material of part B has at least one of the following characteristics a and B:
(1) The first characteristic is that,
at least one i and one j exist, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, i is not equal to j, and at least one time slot corresponding to i and j exists; during this time period, with B i Comparison of materials, B j The material has relatively high fluidity;
(2) The characteristic B is that,
at least one i and one j exist, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, i is not equal to j, and the B corresponds to the i and the j i And B j The material has the following characteristics:
(i) B is j End of flowable state of material later than or equal to B i The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B i The moment when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs; or,
(ii) B is j The end time of the flowable state of the material is later than or equal to B i The point at which the material volume shrinkage turning point occurs.
Compressive stress experienced by B material
At least in one of the cavities enclosed by the portion a,at least one i, 1. Ltoreq. I. Ltoreq.M, corresponding B i The material has one or two or three of the following characteristics of A, B and C,
(i) The first characteristic is that,
when B is present i When the material is in the flowable state stage, in one time period or a plurality of time periods or all stages, at least B in all B parts of the material i The material is under the action of compressive stress;
(ii) The characteristic B is that,
when said B is i During the solidification process of the material from the flowable state to the solid state, in one period, a plurality of periods or all stages of the solidification process, at least B in all B parts of the material i The material is under the action of compressive stress or prepressing stress;
(iii) The third characteristic is that,
when said B is i After the material is solidified, at least B in the whole part B material i The material is subjected to compressive or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress.
Stress in component after full solidification of B material
At least in one cavity surrounded by part A, after all part B material therein has solidified,
(1) In part or a plurality of parts or all of the part B material in the cavity, compressive stress or pre-stress or residual pre-stress exists; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
(2) The contact surface of part A inner wall and part B material of one part or a plurality of parts or all of the cavities has compressive stress or pre-stress or residual pre-stress;
(3) In the cavity, compressive stress exists on the contact surface of the outer surface of the support shell and the B part material.
Simplified pressurizing device
At least in one of the cavities enclosed by the part a, there is also a simplified pressurizing means capable of varying or/and maintaining the compressive stress of the B material in the cavity enclosed by the part a.
The simplified pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing piston, a pressurizing pipeline and a medium in the pressurizing pipeline, and a retarding pressurizing liquid sac.
The pressurizing piston is a solid material rod piece with a smooth surface, penetrates through a piston hole in the part A and extends into a cavity surrounded by the part A, and sealing treatment is carried out between the pressurizing piston and the piston hole; the pressurizing piston can move along its length to increase its pressure by squeezing the space occupied by part B of the material or/and to decrease the pressure by letting out the space it occupies.
The pressurizing pipeline and the medium in the pressurizing pipeline are pipelines connected with an external pressurizing source and the part A surrounding cavity, and the medium in the pipelines is the part B material in a flowable state; when the pressure source increases the pressure, the material of the part B in the pipeline enters the cavity surrounded by the part A;
the retarding and pressurizing liquid sac is characterized in that the liquid sac is positioned in a cavity surrounded by the part A; the liquid bag is filled with a delayed coagulation-fluid-solid conversion material, and coagulation of the delayed coagulation-fluid-solid conversion material occurs later than the pressurization end time.
Shape of component
The component has the following features:
(1) The member having an axis over one or more or all of the length of the member in the assembled structure; and also,
(2) The axis has at least one of the following characteristics,
(i) One or more or all of the axes of the member are straight;
(ii) One, more or all of the axes of the member are curvilinear;
(iii) At least one of the axes of the member is straight and at least one of the axes is curved.
In one section, a plurality of sections or the whole length range of the combined structural member, the figure enclosed by the outer contour lines of the cross section of the member is a figure enclosed by straight lines or/and curved lines; preferably, the graphic is convex; preferably, the figure is a convex polygon; preferably, the graphic is a convex curved graphic; preferably, the figure is circular or oval; preferably, the pattern is a rounded polygon.
In the combined structure, within one section, multiple sections or the whole length range of the member, in the cavity surrounded by the part A, the figure surrounded by the outer contour line of the cross section of at least one cavity is the figure surrounded by straight lines or/and curved lines; preferably, the graphics are convex; preferably, the figure is a convex polygon; preferably, the graphic is a convex curved graphic; preferably, the figure is circular or elliptical; preferably, the figure is a rounded polygon.
The composite structural member has one of the following characteristics
(1) At least in a certain length range of the combined structural member, the shapes and the sizes of the cross sections are respectively the same at different positions in the length direction;
(2) At least over a length of the composite structural member, cross-sections at different positions along the length are similar in shape and different in size;
(3) At least in a certain length range of the combined structural member, at least two different positions can be found in the length direction, and the cross sections at the two positions are not similar in shape and size.
Preferably, the composite structural member is a cylindrical compression member having only one cavity with a straight axis; preferably, the composite structural member is a compression member having only one cavity with an axis of an arcuate curve; the shape and size of the cross section of the arch-shaped compression member do not change along the length direction.
Isolation device
At least one i and one j are present in a cavity at least partially enclosed by part A, where i is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, j is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, i is not equal to j, and B corresponds to i Materials and B j The materials are adjacent; the relationship between the two has one of the following characteristics,
(1) B is i Material facing said B j MaterialAny boundary surface on one side is only contacted with the isolating device and is not contacted with the B j Contacting materials;
(2) In said B i Material facing said B j On the boundary surface of one side of the material, a part B i The material boundary surface is in contact with the isolating device and is not in contact with B j Contacting materials; and a part B i Material boundary surface and B j The materials are in direct contact;
(3) B is i Material facing said B j Any boundary surface of one side of the material is in contact with B j The materials are in direct contact.
Preferably, in the composite structural member used as a pillar, the insulation means is a sheet iron cylinder, B i The material being inside the cylinder, B j The material is positioned outside the cylinder; preferably, the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder are plugged, a feed inlet is reserved at the upper end, and B i No boundary surface of the material with B j The materials are in direct contact; preferably, the upper end of the cylinder is not blocked, B i Upper end of material and B j The upper ends of the materials are in direct contact.
(V) manufacturing method of combined structural member
A method of making a composite structure comprising obtaining part A, placing one or more shelled volume-compensating devices into a cavity enclosed by part A, filling the cavity with part B material, and applying pressure to the part B material in the cavity.
The part B material is a fluid-solid conversion material, and at least one part of the part B material is in a flowable state when the cavity surrounded by the part A is filled;
the volume compensation device with the shell comprises a pressure supply device and a support shell. When appropriate, a void between the outer surface of the pressure supply means and the inner surface of the support shell is filled with a fluid-solid conversion material.
Preferably, before the belt casing volume compensation device is placed in the part A surrounding cavity, the fluid-solid conversion material in a flowable state is filled at least in a gap between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner surface of the support casing; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
when the cavity surrounded by the part A is filled with the material of the part B, or when pressure is applied to the material of the part B in the cavity surrounded by the part A, the material of the part B in the peripheral area near the outer surface of the supporting shell passes through the channel on the supporting shell and enters the gap between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner surface of the supporting shell.
Preferred forms of part A
The part a encloses a cavity.
The part a encloses two or more cavities having the following characteristics:
(1) At least two cavities are in communication with each other; the communication means that a connecting channel exists between the two cavities, and the medium in a flowable state can flow into the other cavity from one cavity; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
(2) At least two cavities are isolated from each other; the isolation means that no connecting channel exists between the two cavities.
Kinds of materials for part B
In the manufacturing method of the composite structure, the types of the B part material include the following four main types:
(1) A cement-based material comprising a mixture of a cementitious material,
preferably, the cement-based material includes cement mortar, reactive Powder Concrete (RPC), normal strength concrete (NHSC), high Strength Concrete (HSC), ultra High Strength Concrete (UHSC);
(2) The mixture of cement-based material and high molecular material, the cement participates in hydration;
preferably, the polymer material is a polymer emulsion;
preferably, the polymer material is a polymer material capable of being cured by itself, and comprises epoxy resin;
(3) A self-curable polymer material, preferably, the self-curable polymer material includes an epoxy resin;
(4) A mixture of a polymer material and solid powder or/and solid particles;
preferably, the part B material is a mixture of a high molecular material and solid powder; preferably, the part B material is a mixture of a polymeric material and solid particles; preferably, the part B material is a mixture of a polymer material, a solid powder and solid particles;
preferably, the solid powder is metal powder or inorganic non-metallic material powder; the solid particles are metal particles or inorganic non-metal material particles; preferably, the inorganic non-metallic material powder and particles are stone powder and stone, respectively.
Mechanical properties of M kinds of B part materials
At least in a cavity surrounded by part A, there are M kinds of said B part materials, respectively B 1 ，B 2 …B i ，B i+1 ……B M Materials, each occupying a different spatial region.
At least in one cavity surrounded by part a, the material of part B has at least one of the following characteristics a and B:
(1) The first characteristic is that,
at least one i and one j exist, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, i is not equal to j, and at least one time period exists corresponding to i and j; during this time period, with B i Material comparison, B j The material has relatively high fluidity;
(2) The characteristic B is that,
at least one of i and j, where i is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, j is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, i is not equal to j, and B corresponds to the above i And B j The material had the following characteristics:
(i) B is described j The end of the flowable state of the material being later than or equal to B i The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B i The moment when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs; or,
(ii) B is j The end time of the flowable state of the material is later than or equal to B i The point at which the material volume shrinkage inflection point occurs.
History of pressure experienced by B Material
At least in a cavity surrounded by part A, at leastThere is one i, 1. Ltoreq. I. Ltoreq.M, corresponding B i The material has one or two or three of the following characteristics of A, B and C,
(i) The characteristic A is that,
when B is present i When the material is in the flowable state stage, in one time period or a plurality of time periods or all stages, at least B in all B parts of the material i The material is under the action of compressive stress;
(ii) The characteristic B is that,
when said B is i During the solidification process of the material from a flowable state to a solid state, in one time period or a plurality of time periods or all stages, at least B in all B parts of the material i The material is under the action of compressive stress or prepressing stress;
(iii) The third characteristic is that,
when said B is i After the material is solidified, at least B is in the whole B part material i The material is subjected to compressive or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress.
Stress in the component after full solidification of the B material
At least in one cavity surrounded by part A, after all part B material therein has solidified,
(1) In part or a plurality of parts or all of the part B material in the cavity, compressive stress or pre-stress or residual pre-stress exists; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
(2) The contact surface of part A inner wall and part B material of one part or a plurality of parts or all of the cavities has compressive stress or pre-stress or residual pre-stress;
(3) In the cavity, compressive stress exists on the contact surface of the outer surface of the support shell and the material of the part B.
Optimized volume compensation method when M B materials exist
In the cavity enclosed by the part A, B is present in the supporting shell inside or/and the surrounding area outside the supporting shell of the volume compensator with shell M A material; when i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M-1, B M The flowable state of the material ends later than or equal to any one of B i The end time of the flowable state of the material.
The B material in the cavity enclosed by the part a has the following characteristics:
if it is not
(1) When the value range of i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, any one B i The materials are all in a flowable state, and compressive stress exists in the materials;
(2) When the value range of i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M-1, M-1B i The aggregate volume of the materials shrinks;
then the process of the first step is carried out,
the pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with the shell expands to push the B in the supporting shell M The material flows out through the hole to fill the space A surrounded by the cavity B i Volume change due to material shrinkage.
Isolation device and preferred materials
Preferably, a spacer is provided between the different part B materials.
Preferably, the spacer is made of a material that is impermeable to prevent mixing of the components of the different part B materials. Preferably, the material of the isolation device and the material of the part B have better adhesive property, so that the shearing resistance of the material of the part B and the isolation device on the interface is not too low, and the bearing capacity of the component is not influenced. Preferably, the material of which the spacer is made is selected to be a metal sheet.
Preferably, the barrier means has a desired permeability so that the different part B material can penetrate into the material of the barrier means and remain well bonded to the barrier layer. Preferably, the material of the isolation device is a mesh material; preferably, the mesh material is a metal mesh. Preferably, the metal mesh is mounted on a fixing frame, and the fixing frame is mounted in a cavity surrounded by the part A.
Preferably, the isolation device is capable of deforming such that the volume of the region it surrounds changes.
Preferred embodiment of B Material 1-M =1
In the cavity surrounded by the part a, the material of the part B is only one material, i.e., M =1. Preferably, there is only one shelled volume compensator in the portion a enclosed cavity, see fig. 12-14. Preferably, there are a plurality of shelled volume compensators in the portion a enclosed cavity; preferably, the position of the shelled volume compensator is centrosymmetric about the geometric centroid of the cross section of the part a cavity, see fig. 17 and 18; preferably, the position of the shelled volume compensator is axisymmetrical about a certain straight line.
Preferably, the part B material is cement mortar, and preferably, the part B material is reactive powder concrete.
Preferred embodiment of B Material 2-M =2
In the cavity enclosed by the part A, there is B 1 And B 2 Two B materials, when M =2; b is 1 And B 2 The materials occupy different spatial regions, respectively. At least one volume compensator with shell and B 2 Material contacting or being covered by B 2 The material surrounds.
When said B is 2 When the material is in a flowable state, if B 1 The material shrinks in volume, and the pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with the shell pushes the material B in contact with the material 2 The material flows out of the holes of the supporting shell and fills B 1 Volume change due to material shrinkage.
B is 1 And B 2 The material has one of the following two characteristics: (1) B is 2 End of flowable state of material later than or equal to B 1 The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B 1 The moment when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs; (2) B is 2 The end time of the flowable state of the material is later than or equal to B 1 The point at which the material volume shrinkage turning point occurs.
Preferably, B is 2 The material is delayed coagulation mortar or active powder concrete or delayed coagulation epoxy resin; preferably, B is 1 The material is concrete; preferably, theB 1 The material is B 2 A mixture of material and coarse aggregate.
Several preferred configurations of scheme 2 are shown in FIGS. 19-30.
Preferred embodiment of B Material 3-M =3
In the cavity enclosed by the part A, there is B 1 、B 2 And B 3 Three B materials, when M =3; b 1 、B 2 And B 3 The materials each occupy a different spatial region. At least one volume compensation device with a shell and B 3 The materials being in contact with or covered by B 3 The material surrounds.
When said B is 3 When the material is in a flowable state, if B 1 Or/and B 2 The material shrinks in volume, and the pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with the shell pushes the material B in contact with the material 3 The material flows out of the holes of the supporting shell and fills B 1 Or/and B 2 The shrinkage volume of the material.
Preferably, B is 1 、B 2 And B 3 The material has one of the following three characteristics:
(1) Feature 1
a. B is 2 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than B 1 The time when the turning point of the material volume shrinkage appears; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
b. b is described 3 End time of flowable state of part of material later than B 2 The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B 2 The time when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs;
(2) Feature 2
a. B is described 2 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than B 1 The time when the turning point of the material volume shrinkage occurs; or/and (c) the first and/or second,
b. b is 3 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than B 2 The time when the turning point of the material volume shrinkage appears;
(3) Feature 3
a. B is 2 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than or equal to B 1 The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B 1 The moment when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
b. b is described 3 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than or equal to B 2 The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B 2 The point at which the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs.
Preferably, B is 2 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than B 1 The time when the turning point of the material volume shrinkage appears; or/and, said B 3 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than B 2 The point at which the material volume shrinkage turning point occurs.
Several preferred structures of preferred embodiment 3 are shown in FIGS. 31-37.
Ultimate load bearing capacity and stiffness of the support housing
In the manufacturing method of the composite structure, the ultimate bearing capacity of the supporting shell should meet the following requirements: when the combined structure is in a load-bearing capacity limit state, the support shell is required to withstand the maximum compressive stress of the surrounding medium not less than the pressure of the surrounding medium acting on the outer wall of the support shell.
The concrete filled steel tube axial compression member will be described as an example. A part A of the combined structure is a circular section steel pipe, and the supporting shell is a circular steel pipe with a hole in the pipe wall. When the combined structure is damaged due to axial compression, the whole structure is axially compressed and radially expanded. Wherein the material B in the portion a surrounding the cavity undergoes radial bulging, which is the main factor causing outward bulging of the whole structure. Part a goes into yield due to axial compression, tangential tension. In this failure mode, it is to be avoided that the solidified fluid-solid transition material around the support shell becomes a weak region due to insufficient radial load-bearing capacity or due to insufficient radial stiffness of the support shell. The equivalent maximum radial compressive stress to which the outer surface of the steel pipe of the support shell is subjected is considered to be the radial compressive stress of the material B when the composite structure is broken. Approximately, the maximum radial compressive stress of the B material is considered to be the radial compressive stress experienced on the inner surface of part a at the time that part a yields or the combined structure reaches the limit of load-bearing capacity.
And determining the radial bearing capacity of the support shell by adopting an equivalent method.
When the holes on the pipe wall of the supporting shell are small, the supporting shell steel pipe is equivalent to a steel pipe without holes on the pipe wall. The equivalent method is to take a section of length of the steel pipe with the hole on the pipe wall, calculate the radial bearing capacity of the steel pipe, and then average the radial bearing capacity at different positions in the length direction. The length, the outer diameter and the average radial bearing capacity of the equivalent steel pipe with no hole on the pipe wall are respectively the same as those of the steel pipe with the hole on the pipe wall.
Another equivalent method is to combine the solidified fluid-solid conversion material in a certain radius range around the supporting shell with holes on the pipe wall as a new structure, which is called a composite shell. The radial load capacity of the composite shell is calculated. Preferably, the fluid-solid transition material in the steel pipe cavity is also taken into account when determining the extent of the composite shell.
The maximum pressure stress which can be borne by the composite shell and the maximum radial rigidity of the composite shell are far larger than the maximum pressure which can be borne by the outer surface of the pressure supply device in the cavity of the support shell and the maximum rigidity of the pressure supply device. Here, the rigidity means: a radial pressure increase acting on the outer surface of the device divided by the pressure increase causing radial displacement divided by the outer diameter of the device.
Load bearing capacity and stiffness of composite housing
The shelled volume compensation device in the A part surrounding cavity has at least one of the following characteristics:
(1) After the fluid-solid conversion material is solidified and reaches the design strength, the apparent bulk modulus and the apparent bulk deformation modulus of the composite shell consisting of the fluid-solid conversion material and the supporting shell are respectively far higher than those of the pressure supply device;
(2) After the fluid-solid conversion material is solidified and reaches the designed strength, the composite shell consisting of the fluid-solid conversion material and the supporting shell can bear the maximum pressure applied by the surrounding medium, and the maximum pressure is far higher than the pressure provided by the pressure supply device for the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone.
In addition, in the case of the present invention,
the apparent bulk modulus and the apparent bulk deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are respectively far lower than those of the material of the part B at any stage, wherein any stage refers to any stage in the whole process, and the whole process refers to the process that the material is changed from a flowable state into a solid state reaching the final strength;
simplified compression device and installation
In at least one of the cavities enclosed by the part a, there is also a simplified pressurizing means, which can be selected from a range comprising a pressurizing piston, a pressurizing line and the medium therein, a retarding pressurizing sac.
The simplified pressurizing means is installed before or after filling the part B material into the part a enclosure. When the simplified pressurizing means is a slow-setting pressurizing sac, the sac should be installed in the cavity before filling the surrounding cavity a with part B of the material. When the simplified pressurizing device is a pressurizing piston or a pressurizing pipeline and a medium in the pressurizing piston, the pressurizing piston or the pressurizing pipeline is installed after the material filling of the part B is completed and the plugging plate is installed.
Pressurization method
The pressurizing includes applying a varying pressure to the medium, or/and maintaining a constant or substantially constant pressure to the medium.
Preferred pressurization scheme 1
In the cavity enclosed by the part a there is at least one shelled volume compensating device in which the pressure supply device is a pressure device or a pressure energy storage device. In the gap between the supporting shell and the pressure supply device and around the holding device of the volume compensation device with shell i A material.
When said B is i The material is in a flowable state stage, and a pressurizing device or a pressurizing energy storage device is used for B in one period, or multiple periods or all of the periods i The material is pressurized.
When said B is i Strength after the flowable state of the material is finishedBefore reaching the preset value, keeping the pressurizing device or the pressurizing energy storage device to the B i The compressive stress exerted by the material is constant or fluctuates within a preset desired range. The preset intensity value is when B is i When the strength of the material is lower than the preset value, if the pressure of the pressure supply device is changed, the pressure of the pressure supply device can be changed to cause the B near the hole on the support shell i Changes in the stress field of the material and this change can cause B in the vicinity of the supporting shell aperture i Material failure or reduced long-term strength.
When said B is i After the strength of the material reaches the design value, a pressurizing device or a pressurizing energy storage device is applied to the B i The compressive stress on the material is not limiting. The strength design value is that when the strength reaches the design value, B i The composite shell formed by the material and the supporting shell has enough bearing capacity to resist the pressure of the surrounding medium; when the pressure applied by the pressurizing device or the pressurizing energy storage device is removed, the change of the stress field does not reduce B near the hole of the supporting shell i The long-term strength of the material can not damage the B at the position i A material.
Preferred pressurization scheme 2
In the cavity surrounded by the part A, at least a volume compensation device A with a shell and a volume compensation device B with a shell are arranged; in the device A, the pressure supply device is a pressurizing device or a pressurizing energy storage device; in the device B, the pressure supply device is an energy storage device or a pressurization energy storage device. In the gap between the inner wall of the support shell of the device A and the pressure supply device, and in the area around the device A, filling is B i A material; in the gap between the inner wall of the support housing of the device B and the pressure supply device, and in the area around the device B, is filled B j A material.
The pressing method is as follows.
1. When B is present i And B j A stage in which the material is in a flowable state, for one or more or all of its time periods,
(1) When the pressure supply device in the device B is selected as the energy storage device, the pressurizing device or the pressure adding device in the device A is usedPair of pressure energy storage devices B i Pressurizing the material;
(2) When the pressure supply device in the device B is selected as the pressurizing and energy storing device, the pressurizing device or the pair of pressurizing and energy storing devices B in the device A is used i Pressurizing the material, or/and using a pressurized energy storage device B in the device B j The material is pressurized.
Preferably there is a region in the cavity enclosed by part a in which part B of the material is in a flowable state for the period or periods or for all of the periods, in which region both the shelled volume-compensating devices a and B are located.
2. When said B is i Materials and B j The stage of at least one material in the materials is that after the flowable state is finished, the strength of the material reaches a preset value; during one or more or all of the time periods,
(1) When the pressure supply device in the device B is selected as the energy storage device,
preferably, the pressurizing means or pair of pressurized energy storage means B in the holding means A i The pressure stress applied by the material is constant or fluctuates within a preset range;
(2) When the pressure supply device in the device B is selected as the pressurizing energy storage device,
preferably, the pressurizing means or pair of pressurizing and energy-storing means B in the holding means A are i The pressure stress applied by the material is constant or fluctuates within a preset range; preferably, the pair of pressurized energy storage devices B in the holding device B j The compressive stress exerted by the material is constant or fluctuates within a preset range.
3. Preferably, when said B is i After the strength of the material reaches the design value, a pressure supply device in the belt housing volume compensation device A is applied to B i The pressure on the material is not limited or is relieved;
preferably, when said B is j After the strength of the material reaches the design value, a pressure supply device in the device B is applied to the B i The compressive stress on the material does not limit or relieve the pressure.
Preferred pressurization scheme 3
In the cavity enclosed by said part a there is also a simplified pressurizing means. The selection range of the pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing piston, a pressurizing pipeline and a medium in the pressurizing pipeline, and a delayed coagulation pressurizing liquid sac.
In the cavity enclosed by the part a, there is at least one shelled volume compensating device and at least one simplified pressurizing device. In the volume compensation device with the shell, the pressure supply device is an energy storage device or a pressurization energy storage device. In the gap between the inner wall of the support shell of the shelled volume-compensating device and the pressure supply device, and in the area around the support shell, is filled B i A material; in the area around the simplified pressurizing means is filled with B j A material.
The pressing method is as follows.
1. When said B is i And B j A stage in which the material is in a flowable state, for one or more or all of its time periods,
(1) If the pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with shell is selected as the energy storage device, a simplified pressurizing device is used for the pair B j Pressurizing the material;
(2) If the pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with the shell is selected as the pressurizing energy storage device, the pressurizing energy storage device is used for the pair B i Pressing the material, or/and using a simplified pressing device for B j The material is pressurized.
Preferably there is a region in the cavity enclosed by part a in which part B of the material is in a flowable state for the said period, or for a plurality of periods or for all of the periods, in which region both the shelled volume compensating means and the simplified pressurising means are located.
2. When said B is i Materials and B j The stage of at least one material in the materials is that after the flowable state is finished, the strength of the material reaches a preset value;
(1) Preferably, the simplified pair of pressure means B is maintained if the pressure supply means in the shelled volume-compensating device is selected as energy storage means j The pressure exerted by the material being constant or the simplified pressure means being maintained in said part A enclosing cavityThe volume is substantially constant;
(2) Preferably, if the pressure supply means in the shelled volume compensating device is selected as the pressurized energy storage means, the pair of pressurized energy storage means B is maintained i The pressure exerted by the material is constant or fluctuates within a preset range; and, the pair of simplified pressurizing means B is maintained j The pressure exerted by the material is constant or the volume occupied by the simplified pressurizing means in said part a enclosure is kept substantially constant.
3. Preferably, when said B is i After the strength of the material has reached the design value, a pressure supply in the belt housing volume compensator is applied to B i The pressure on the material is not limited or is relieved;
preferably, when said B is j After the strength of the material has reached the design value, a simplified pressure device is applied to the B j The compressive stress on the material does not limit or relieve the pressure.
Examples
Example 1
The steel pipe concrete composite structure is an axial compression member, as shown in fig. 12 to 14. Part a includes an upper plugging plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12 and a lower plugging plate 13. The flange 111 is welded at the upper end of the steel pipe 12, and the lower plugging plate is welded at the lower end of the steel pipe 12. The upper plugging plate is connected with the flange plate through bolts, and bolt holes 1101 in the upper plugging plate face bolt holes 1111 in the lower plugging plate. A construction hole 1102 and an exhaust hole 1103 are processed on the upper plugging plate.
A volume compensation device with a shell is arranged in the cavity of the steel pipe at the axial line position; the remaining area of the cavity is filled with Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC). The shell-contained volume compensation device is characterized in that a round tube-shaped air bag is placed inside a steel tube with holes, and the structural form is shown in figures 1 and 3. The end face of the upper portion of the support shell is in close contact with the end face of the lower portion so as to maximize the pressure that the support shell can withstand in the axial direction.
Construction method
(1) The part A is manufactured, and the part A is manufactured,
(2) Assembled shell-contained volume compensation device
Preferably, the balloon is a conventional balloon. And the plastic sheet is adhered to the pipe wall in the supporting shell, so that the circular hole in the pipe wall is shielded by the plastic sheet. The bladder is placed in the cavity of the support shell and the upper portion 321 and lower portion 322 of the support shell are connected together by a connecting sleeve. Preferably, the supporting shell is connected with the connecting sleeve in a threaded manner; preferably, the supporting shell is connected with the connecting sleeve in an adhesive manner. And (5) inflating the air bag, and finishing inflation when the air pressure reaches 8 MPa.
(3) The shelled volume compensator is fixed to the axis position inside the steel pipe, and RPC is filled into the cavity. The filling is ended when the height of the flange is approached.
(4) Mounting the upper closure plate 110 to the flange 111
(5) And installing a pressurizing pipeline and continuously filling RPC. One end of the pressurizing pipeline is connected to the round hole 1102 of the upper plugging plate, the other end of the pressurizing pipeline is connected to the pressurizing device, and a valve is arranged on the pressurizing pipeline. The pressurizing device continuously fills the RPC into the cavity through the pressurizing pipeline. During filling, gas in the cavity is vented from the vent 1103. When the cavity is full, the vent 1103 is plugged. The pressurizing device can be selected from a grouting pump, a concrete pump or other pressurizing devices.
(6) Applying pressure to the B material in the cavity
And continuously extruding the RPC in the pipeline by using a pressurizing device. The pressurizing method has the following two schemes.
a. One-off pressurizing
When the pressure of the RPC in the cavity surrounded by a exceeds the gas pressure in the balloon (8 MPa), the apparent volume of the balloon begins to decrease; and when the pressure of the RPC reaches a preset value (12 MPa), ending the pressurizing process, closing a valve on the pipeline, and removing the pressurizing device.
b. Intermittent pressurization
When the pressure of the RPC reaches the upper pressure limit preset value (12 MPa), the pressurization is suspended; when the pressure is reduced to a preset value (10 MPa) of the lower pressure limit, the loading device is started to continuously pressurize. And the process is circulated. Stopping intermittent pressurization before the flowable state of the material B is finished, closing the valve, and removing the pressurization device.
(7) Post-treatment
And when the material in the pipeline reaches the preset strength, removing the construction pipeline. One method is to saw the construction pipe from the root.
RPC undergoes volumetric shrinkage both before and after setting due to chemical shrinkage caused by cement hydration. If the one-time pressurizing method is adopted without using the shell volume compensation device, the pressure of the RPC is reduced or even eliminated when the volume of the RPC is shrunk. If the intermittent pressurization is employed without using the shelled volume compensating device, although the pressure reduction due to the volume shrinkage when the B material is in a flowable state can be eliminated, the pressure reduction due to the volume shrinkage after solidification of the B material cannot be eliminated because the B material in the elongated tube after solidification is substantially no longer flowable. When the shelled volume compensator is installed, it is present to maintain the pressure of the RPC at almost every cross-section, since the length of the device is almost equal to the length of the cavity. Even during RPC solidification, especially in the stage of low strength, the device can promote creep deformation of B material, so as to control the pressure reduction within the minimum range and maintain the pressure reduction within the required range.
The disposable compression protocol is applicable with a smaller cross-section or/and lower volume shrinkage of the B material. Under the condition, a volume compensation device with a shell is adopted to maintain the pressure, so that the retained pre-stress can be ensured to reach a preset value after the material B reaches the final strength. The technical effect of the scheme is that when the applicable conditions are met, the construction method is simple and convenient, and the used device is simple.
The batch pressurization scheme is applicable under the conditions that the volume shrinkage of the material B is high before solidification and low after solidification.
In this embodiment, the pressure supply means in the shelled volume compensator is an energy storage means, which is an airbag.
Analysis of technical effects
The solution of example 1 is suitable when the cross-section of the composite structure is small or/and the shrinkage of the B material is low. The technical effects of the condition are that the construction is simple and convenient, the construction time is short, and the quantity of occupied equipment is small. Meanwhile, the material B in the cavity can be ensured to have compressive stress in the solidification process and after the solidification is finished, and the separation of the material B from the inner wall of the part A caused by shrinkage can be prevented.
Example 2
The composite structure is a steel pipe internally filled with RPC as a compression member, as shown in fig. 15 and 16. In fig. 16, a portion a includes an upper plugging plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12, and a lower plugging plate 13. The flange 111 is welded to the upper end of the steel pipe 12, and the lower closure plate 13 is welded to the lower end of the steel pipe 12. The upper blocking plate is connected with the flange plate through bolts, and bolt holes 1101 in the upper blocking plate face bolt holes 1111 in the lower blocking plate. An inlet opening 1102 and a central opening 1103 are formed in the upper closure plate.
The shelled volume compensator is shown in fig. 15. A pressure supply device 31, which is a bag-type pressurized energy storage device, is placed in the steel pipe with holes 32. Preferably, the bladder type pressurizing means is selected as a pressurizing bladder, which is connected to a pneumatic pressure source through a conduit 3101. Preferably, the pressurized energy storage device is a pressurized energy storage sac, and the sac is connected with a hydraulic pressure source and an accumulator through a pressurizing pipeline 3101. The upper end of the steel pipe with the hole is provided with a screw cap 3202, a round hole 3203 is processed on the screw cap, the pressurizing pipeline 3101 penetrates through the round hole 3203, and a gap is reserved between the hole wall of the round hole and the pressurizing pipeline. The void serves to allow gas to escape. When RPC is filled in the steel perforated pipe, part B flows into the supporting shell from the holes 3201 of the supporting shell, and the gas inside the steel perforated pipe 32 needs to be discharged.
Preferably, the pressure supply device used in the belt casing volume compensation device is a lower limit air bag or a lower limit liquid bag, wherein the shape of the support is a trefoil shape, see fig. 8 to 10.
The construction steps are as follows.
(1) Preparation of part A
(2) Installation belt shell volume compensation device
A perforated steel pipe 32 in the shell volume compensation device is fixed to the axial position of a steel pipe 12, a lower limit air bag or a lower limit liquid bag is placed in a cavity of the perforated steel pipe 32, a perforated screw cap 3202 is installed on the perforated steel pipe 32, and a pressurizing pipeline 3101 penetrates through a screw cap round hole 3203.
(3) Filling RPC
The cavity of the steel pipe 12 is filled with the RPC material in a flowable state, the steel pipe 12 is vibrated by a vibration exciter while the RPC material is filled, or the RPC material is vibrated by a vibrating rod while the RPC material is filled, so that the RPC material can enter the interior of the steel pipe through the circular hole 3201 in the steel pipe with holes 32, and the gas in the interior of the steel pipe with holes is discharged from a gap between the upper hole 3201 and the upper end hole 3203. When the flange height is reached, the filling is suspended.
(4) Mounting the upper closure plate 1101
The pressurizing pipeline 3101 is made to pass through the central hole of the upper blocking plate, the upper blocking plate is connected to the flange with screw bolt, and the gap between the pressurizing pipeline 3101 and the central hole wall is blocked. The plugging method is to use a perforated plug to plug. The diameter of the round hole of the plug is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the inflation tube, and a groove for placing the sealing ring is processed in the plug hole. Before installing the plug, the seal ring is put into the groove, and then the plug is installed.
(5) Continuous filling of RPC
The cavity of the steel pipe 12 is filled with RPC in the remaining space by a thin tube having an outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the feed hole 1102, and a gap therebetween is used to discharge the gas in the cavity of the steel pipe 12. When full, the inlet port 1102 is plugged with a plug.
(6) Applying pressure
There are two methods of pressurization.
The first is to squeeze compressed air into a pressurizing pipeline by an air pump, and maintain the pressure constant after the pressure reaches a preset value or maintain the pressure to fluctuate within a required range.
When the preset pressure is low, for example, the preset pressure is 5 to 10MPa, it is appropriate to pressurize by gas.
The second method is to squeeze liquid into the pressurizing pipeline by a hydraulic pump, and maintain the pressure constant after the pressure reaches a preset value or maintain the pressure to fluctuate within a required range. Preferably, an accumulator is installed on the hydraulic line.
When the preset pressure is higher, for example, the preset pressure is 20MPa, 30MPa, 40MPa or 70MPa, the liquid pressurization is more reasonable.
(7) Post-treatment
And when the strength of the RPC reaches or exceeds a preset value, removing the pressurizing pump and the pressurizing pipeline. Preferably, the preset strength value is a cubic compressive strength of 30 to 60MPa.
Analysis of technical effects
When a bladder-type pressurized energy storage device is used, the pressure of the fluid in the bladder remains constant or within a desired range even under conditions where the volume of the bladder or fluid bladder varies greatly, due to the use of an external pressure source to control the pressure.
Example 3
The steel pipe concrete composite structure is an axial compression member, as shown in fig. 17 and 18. Part a includes an upper plugging plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12 and a lower plugging plate 13. The flange 111 is welded to the upper end of the steel pipe 12, and the lower end of the steel pipe 12 is welded to the lower end of the lower plugging plate. The upper blocking plate is connected with the flange plate through bolts, and bolt holes 1101 in the upper blocking plate face bolt holes 1111 in the lower blocking plate. A construction hole 1102 and an exhaust hole 1103 are processed on the upper plugging plate. The steel pipe diameter in this embodiment is larger than that of the pressure receiving member in embodiment 1.
Six volume compensation devices with shells are arranged in the cavity of the steel pipe; the remaining area of the cavity is filled with Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC). The structure of the shell volume compensation device is that a round tube-shaped gas-liquid sac is placed in the steel tube with the hole, and the structural form is shown in figures 1 and 2.
The construction method was similar to example 1.
Analysis of technical effects
Due to the fact that the number of the shell-containing volume compensation devices is large and the shell-containing volume compensation devices are distributed in multiple positions, when the material of the part B in the part A surrounding cavity shrinks, the shell-containing volume compensation devices can compensate the volume shrinkage in all areas relatively uniformly, and the stress of the material B is small in distribution fluctuation in space.
Example 4
The steel pipe concrete composite structure is an axial compression member, as shown in fig. 19 to 21. Part a includes an upper plugging plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12 and a lower plugging plate 13. The upper plugging plate is connected with the flange plate through bolts, and bolt holes 1101 in the upper plugging plate face bolt holes 1111 in the lower plugging plate. The upper plugging plate is provided with construction holes 1102 and 1103.
Within the cavity of the steel duct 12 are placed two C-shaped spacers 41 and 42, which have a height slightly lower than the cavity height of the steel duct 12 and which divide the cavity into three zones, namely zones 211, 212 and 22. The same UHSC is filled in regions 211 and 212, and a retarded RPC is filled in region 22, the flowable state of the RPC ending later than the time at which the volume contraction inflection point of the UHSC occurs. The shelled volume compensator 3 is placed at the axial position of the steel tube 12, within the area 22, surrounding the RPC. The length of the shelled volume compensator is slightly less than the cavity height of the steel tube 12.
The cross section of the structure of the shelled volume compensator is shown in fig. 21, and the longitudinal structure thereof can be referred to fig. 2. The supporting shell is a steel pipe 32 with holes, and the steel pipe is provided with two rows of holes 321 which are symmetrically arranged around the circle center. The pressure supply device 31 is an upper limit air bag or an upper limit air bag. The same slow-setting RPC is applied to the hollow interior 321, the hole 322, and the surrounding 323 of the steel pipe 32.
The construction method is as follows.
(1) Making part A of the composite structure
(2) Assembled shell-contained volume compensation device
The upper limit air bag or the upper limit gas-liquid bag of the shell volume compensation device is filled with gas or liquefied gas, the upper limit air bag or the upper limit gas-liquid bag is placed into the steel pipe 32 with the hole, the screwed plug 3202 is installed, and the screwed plug is connected with the steel pipe through threads.
(3) Installation belt housing volume compensation device and C-shaped isolation device
The volume compensation device 31 with the shell is fixed at the axial position of the steel pipe 12, two C-shaped isolation devices 41 and 42 are installed, and in order to enable the end part of the C shape to be in close contact with the inner wall of the steel pipe 12, the distance between the two ends of the C shape of the manufactured isolation device is larger than the distance after installation. During installation, a pre-pressure is applied to the isolation device. Between the two C-shaped spacers several support blocks are placed in order to apply a pre-stress. Preferably, the two ends of the letter "C" of the C-shaped isolation device are adhered to the inner wall of the steel pipe 12 by using adhesive tapes, and the adhesive tapes are not folded after the adhesion. Preferably, two woven bags are placed in the areas 211 and 212 for filling the UHSC, the woven bags having a circumference greater than or equal to the circumference of the area 211 or 212 in which they are placed. After the woven bag is filled with the UHSC, the UHSC can be prevented from being squeezed between the C-shaped isolation device and the inner wall of the steel pipe 12.
Preferably, the points are welded to the inner wall of the steel pipe 12 at selected points at the two ends of the "C" of the C-shaped spacer.
(4) Filling part B material
The areas 211 and 212 are filled with UHSC and the area 22 with RPC simultaneously. The filling process vibrates the perforated steel pipe 32 in the belt housing volume compensating means with an exciter to allow RPC to sufficiently enter therein and to discharge the gas inside the steel pipe 32. When the material of part B approaches the level of the flange, filling is suspended.
(5) Installing the plugging plate and the pressure pipe
The plugging plate is installed and then the pressure pipe is installed on the construction hole 1103.
(6) Continuously filling with part B material
The RPC is filled into the cavity through a pressure pipe installed on the construction hole 1103, and gas is discharged from the construction hole 1102 during the filling process. When full, the access hole 1102 is plugged with a plug.
(7) Process of pressurization
The pressure tube was connected to a pressurizing device, and the retarded RPC in the pressure tube was squeezed by the pressurizing device. When the pressure reaches a preset value, the pressurization is suspended or stopped. The pressurizing method can adopt two modes of one-time pressurizing and intermittent pressurizing. When intermittent pressurization is adopted, the pressurization is finished before the flowable state of the retarding RPC is finished, a valve on a pressurization pipeline is closed, and a pressurization device is removed.
(8) Post-treatment
And when the strength of the UHSC and the strength of the delayed RPC reach or are higher than the preset values, dismantling the pressurizing pipe.
Other preferred embodiments
The scheme in the embodiment is suitable for a combined structure with a large or ultra-large section. Preferably, a retarding and wear reducing layer is laid at the boundary of the region 211 with the steel pipe 12, and at the boundary of the region 212 with the steel pipe 12. The treatment can avoid that the UHSC generates tangential shear stress at the position close to the inner wall of the steel pipe due to volume shrinkage in a large or ultra-large section combined structure, so that the UHSC in two areas is in a stress state with approximately equal transverse compressive stress in all directions, and the stress state is most favorable for improving the axial bearing capacity of the UHSC.
Preferably, the upper limit air bag is replaced by a pressurizing air bag or a pressurizing energy storage liquid bag with a pressurizing pipeline. After the UHSC and the delayed RPC are filled in the cavity of the steel pipe 12, the construction holes 1102 and 1103 are sealed. Then, fluid is filled into the air bag or the liquid bag through the pressurizing pipeline, and pressure is applied to the air bag or the liquid bag from the inside. It first applies pressure to the delayed RPC, which then transmits the pressure to the UHSC. Because the external pressure source can continuously fill fluid into the air bag or the liquid bag, the pressure in the air bag can be ensured to be in a required range no matter how large the volume expansion amount of the air bag or the liquid bag is. The advantage of this solution is even more evident when the cross-section of the composite structure is large.
Analysis of technical effects
The technical scheme has the advantage of being suitable for a combined structure with a large or ultra-large cross section. When the UHSC shrinks in the regions 211 and 212, the delayed RPC at the boundary of the isolation device can push the isolation device to move into the regions 211 and 212; in addition, if the areas 211 and 212 develop a gap between the UHSC and the steel pipe 12 due to shrinkage deformation, the retarded RPC can also intrude into the void, making the stress state of the UHSC at or near the hydrostatic pressure state. The stress state is experienced in the solidification process, which is beneficial to improving the final strength of UHSC; the UHSC is in this stress state after the final strength is reached or approached, which is beneficial for increasing the axial compressive load bearing capacity of the composite structure.
Example 5
The combined structure is a concrete filled steel tube axial compression member, as shown in fig. 22-24. Part a includes an upper plugging plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12 and a lower plugging plate 13. The upper plugging plate is connected with the flange plate through bolts. A feed hole 1102 and a piston hole 1103 are machined in the upper closure plate.
In the cavity of the steel pipe 12, the cavity is divided into regions 211, 212 and 22 by partitions 41 and 42, a shelled volume compensating device is installed at both lateral ends of the region 22, and a pressurizing piston 5 is installed at the center of the upper closure plate. The pressurizing piston is a simplified pressurizing device.
The height of the volume compensation device with the shell is slightly lower than the cavity height of the steel tube 12 as shown in fig. 24, wherein the pressure supply device is a double-limit gas-liquid bag.
The spacers 41 and 42 are closed in cross-section and the enclosed area is kidney-shaped. The advantage of this shape is that the enclosed area is easily changed when the circumference is not changed. The height of the spacer is slightly lower than the cavity height of the steel tube 12. UHSC is filled in regions 211 and 212 and retarded RPC is filled in region 22, the flowable state of the retarded RPC ending later than the UHSC turning point of volume contraction.
During filling of material B, the UHSC is simultaneously filled in areas 211 and 212, and after filling with UHSC, spacers 41 and 42 are internally compressed and expand outward in the originally recessed area, narrowing area 22: this phenomenon was what we expected. One preferred solution is to first place several support blocks between two spacers and fix them to at least one spacer and then refill the UHSC. When the isolation devices swell, the two isolation devices are mutually extruded through the supporting blocks, and then pressure stress is generated between the isolation devices and the inner wall of the steel pipe 12, so that the isolation devices can be fixed at required positions. Another method of securing the spacers is to provide a plurality of welds at the contact of the spacers with the steel pipe 12 and weld the spacers to the steel pipe 12.
During filling of the UHSC, RPC is also filled into the region 22, but the height of the UHSC is made higher than the RPC to ensure that the height difference between the two is within the required range. Filling of UHSC is stopped when it is filled to a level close to the cavity in the steel pipe 12, but filling of RPC is continued until the levels of the two B materials are close to each other.
The pressurizing means in this embodiment is a pressurizing piston 5, and a sealing means is provided between the pressurizing piston 5 and the piston hole 1103. Preferably, the sealing means is a sealing ring. The pressurizing piston increases the pressure of the RPC in region 22 by squeezing the space in the cavity of the steel tube 12, which in turn transfers to the UHSC in regions 211 and 212, while squeezing the pressure supply in the belt casing volume compensator.
The construction steps are as follows.
(1) Work before filling
Part a is fabricated and the spacers 41, 42 are machined. The shelled volume compensating device 3 is assembled. The shelled volume compensator 3 is fixed in the cavity of the steel tube 12, and the spacers 41 and 42 are installed.
(2) Filling part B material
UHSC is filled in the areas 211 and 212, RPC is filled in the area 22, and the difference of UHSC higher than RPC is ensured within the range of the preset value. When the height of the UHSC approaches the cavity height of the steel pipe 12, filling of the UHSC is stopped, but filling of the RPC is continued until the height of the RPC is substantially the same as the height of the UHSC.
(3) Preparatory work before pressing
The installation is a plugging plate, filling a retarded RPC into the cavity through the feed port 1102, keeping the piston bore 1103 able to vent gas during the filling process. When the cavity is filled, the feed hole 1102 is plugged by a plug; the seal ring is then installed in a groove inside the piston bore 1103 before the pressurizing piston is inserted.
(4) Process of pressurization
The pressurizing process can select displacement pressurizing or load pressurizing.
The load pressurizing method is that the actuator applies gradually increased load to the outer end of the pressurizing piston, and after the load reaches a preset value, the load is kept constant.
The displacement pressurizing method can adopt one-time displacement pressurizing or intermittent displacement pressurizing.
One displacement pressurization cycle includes: and pushing the pressurizing piston to move towards the cavity by using a jack, measuring the load applied to the pressurizing piston, and keeping the pressurizing piston not to move when the pressure stress reaches a preset value. The load divided by the cross-sectional area of the piston corresponds to the compressive stress inside the RPC.
One-time displacement pressurization means that the pressurizing piston is permanently kept from moving when one pressurization cycle is completed.
The intermittent displacement pressurization is formed by combining a plurality of pressurization cycles. After the ith pressurization cycle, the compressive stress of the B material in the cavity will also decrease over time due to the volumetric shrinkage of both the UHSC and RPC. When the pressure is lower than the preset value, the next pressurizing period is started. The pressurization cycle may be repeated all the time. The pressurizing piston is permanently kept from moving after a certain time has elapsed, which is before the flowable state of the RPC is ended.
(5) Post-treatment
After the strength of both the UHSC and RPC reached or exceeded the preset values, the exposed pressurizing piston was truncated.
Analysis of technical effects
This solution is suitable for composite structures of large cross-section. When the pressurizing piston is used in combination with the shell volume compensation device, an intermittent displacement pressurizing mode can be selected. Compared with load pressurization, the intermittent displacement pressurization has the advantages that the pressure can be kept constant by using simple equipment; and the loading equipment required for loading and pressurizing is relatively complex.
The final strength of the UHSC material in regions 211 and 212 is substantially increased by the constant hydrostatic pressure experienced both before and after solidification. After reaching or approaching final strength, the UHSC in regions 211 and 212 are still at or near hydrostatic pressure. When an axial load is applied to the composite structure from this state, the load-bearing capacity of the composite structure is higher than that in the other cases. One of the other cases is that the lateral stresses in regions 211 and 212 are different in magnitude in each direction.
Example 6
The composite structure is a steel pipe concrete axial compression member, as shown in fig. 25 to 27. Part a comprises an upper closure plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12 and a lower closure plate 13. The upper plugging plate is connected with the flange plate through bolts. A pressurizing hole 1103 and a piston hole 1102 are formed in the upper plugging plate.
As shown in fig. 26, a cylindrical partitioning means 4 is provided in the cavity of the steel pipe 12, and divides the cavity cross section of the steel pipe 12 into a cylindrical inner region and a cylindrical outer region. In the inner region of the cylinder is filled a UHSC material 21 containing coarse aggregate and in the outer region of the cylinder is filled a delayed setting epoxy mortar 22. The retarded epoxy mortar is a mixture of retarded epoxy resin and quartz powder. The flowable state of the delayed coagulation epoxy mortar ends later than the volume shrinkage turning point of the UHSC material 21. In the area occupied by the retarded epoxy mortar 22, four shelled volume-compensating devices 3 are installed, and near the four shelled volume-compensating devices, the spacer devices 4 are provided with concave arcs, the function of which is, on the one hand, to make room for the shelled volume-compensating devices and, on the other hand, to adjust for the area change between the areas 21 and 22. The pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with the shell can be one of an upper limit air bag, an upper limit gas-liquid bag, an upper limit liquid bag and an elastic shell energy storage device.
The structure near the shelled volume compensator is shown in fig. 27, and the material 223 at the outside of the support shell, the material 222 in the support shell hole and the material 221 in the support shell cavity are the same fluid-solid conversion material, namely the delayed coagulation epoxy mortar 22.
The construction steps are as follows.
(1) Part A is manufactured, the volume compensation device with the shell is assembled, and the volume compensation device with the shell is fixed in the cavity of the steel pipe 12 and installed
And installing and fixing the isolation device.
(2) Filling B material
And filling the UHSC material 21 into the cylinder 4, and filling the delayed coagulation epoxy mortar 22 into the gap between the cylinder 4 and the steel pipe 12, wherein the delayed coagulation epoxy mortar 22 has a specific gravity lower than that of the concrete, so that the height of the delayed coagulation epoxy mortar 22 is higher than that of the small high-strength concrete 21 in the filling process. Preferably, in order to prevent excessive bulging of the cylinder 4 by the concrete, support blocks may be placed between the cylinder 4 and the steel tube 12. When both materials are filled to a level close to the flange, the filling is suspended.
(3) Installing the plugging plate 110 and installing the pressurized pipeline
The pressurization line is installed on the pressurization hole 1103.
(4) Filling B material
The gap at the upper end in the cavity of the steel pipe is filled with the delayed coagulation epoxy mortar through the pressurizing hole 1103, and the vent hole 1102 is kept open during filling so as to discharge gas. When the upper end gap is filled, the RPC can be used for replacing the delayed coagulation epoxy mortar, and because the strength and the elastic modulus of the RPC are very high, the RPC is more suitable for cooperating with a steel pipe to share the axial pressure of the component.
(5) Applying pressure
Compressive stress is applied to the UHSC, the delayed setting epoxy mortar or the RPC in the cavity of the steel pipe 12 through a pressurization line. And stopping pressurizing after the pressure stress reaches a preset value. The pressurizing method may be disposable or may be a batch method.
Preferred alternatives
Preferably, when the cross section of the combined structure is larger, a retarding and wear reducing layer is arranged on the inner wall of the lower plugging plate of the part A. This avoids shear stresses between the lower closure plate and the UHSC when the UHSC contracts after solidification, which may cause lateral tensile stresses within the nearby UHSC.
Analysis of technical effects
This scheme can guarantee: (1) Material 21 is in a hydrostatic pressure state whenever material 22 is in a flowable state, whether material 21 is in a flowable state or a solid state: (2) The compressive stress experienced by material 21 in any direction in the transverse direction is also equal after material 22 has become solid. The material 21 is subjected to the stress process, so that the strength of the material is improved; the material 21 is in the above-described stress state at or near final strength, which is beneficial for improving the axial compressive load-bearing capacity of the composite structure.
Example 7
The arch-shaped pressure receiving member is shown in fig. 28 to 30. The isolation device 4 divides the cross section of the steel pipe into two areas, wherein the area with the larger area is filled with concrete 21, and the area with the smaller area is filled with retarding RPC. The shelled volume-compensating device 3 is placed in the area occupied by the retarding RPC. The cross-section is not centrosymmetric, but rather axisymmetric. In order to prevent the reduction of the bearing capacity caused by asymmetry, the design is that the symmetry axis of the cross section is coincident with the plane of the component axis.
The supporting shell of the volume compensation device with the shell is a round steel pipe with a hole on the pipe wall, and the upper end of the steel pipe is not blocked. The slow-setting PRC material 22 is arranged around the outer surface and the upper end of the steel pipe of the support shell, a layer of slow-setting RPC material 221 is arranged on the inner side of the upper end of the steel pipe 12 and is communicated with the slow-setting RPC material 22 around the steel pipe, and when the slow-setting RPC material 221 on the upper end of the steel pipe 12 is extruded, pressure is transmitted to all areas of the slow-setting RPC material 22. The slow-setting RPC materials 22 and 221 are the same material.
The construction method is similar to that of example 5.
Analysis of technical effects
This solution has a wide application range, no matter whether the cross section is large or small, no matter whether the concrete 21 is in a flowable state or a solid state, when the retarding RPC material 22 is in a flowable state, the stress state at various positions of the concrete 21 is or is close to a hydrostatic pressure state. When the retarding RPC material 22 is in a solid state, the stress state throughout the concrete 21 is also close to the hydrostatic pressure state. After both material 22 and material 21 have reached or are close to the final strength, the stress states at each point of material 21 are approximately equal for positive stresses in different radial directions. The scheme is favorable for improving the strength of the concrete 21 and the axial compression bearing capacity of the combined structure.
Example 8
The combined structure is a concrete filled steel tube compression member as shown in fig. 31 and 32. Inside the steel tube there are two cylindrical spacers, of which spacer 42 is located in the area enclosed by spacer 41 and the shelled volume compensator is located in the area enclosed by spacer 41. The height of the spacer is slightly shorter than the cavity height of the steel tube 12. Between the steel pipe and the spacer 41 is filled UHSC material 21, between the spacers 41 and 42 is filled retarded UHSC material 22, in the area enclosed by the spacer 42 is conventionally retarded RPC material 23, see fig. 32. The structural shape of the part a of the composite structure in this embodiment is completely the same as that of the part a in fig. 12 and 13.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
(1) The finishing time of the flowable state of the retarded UHSC material 22 is later than that of the UHSC material 21, and the finishing time of the flowable state of the retarded RPC material 23 is later than that of the retarded UHSC material 22; or,
(2) The finishing time of the flowable state of the delayed coagulation UHSC material 22 is later than the appearance time of the volume shrinkage turning point of the UHSC material 21, and the finishing time of the flowable state of the delayed coagulation RPC material 23 is later than the finishing time of the flowable state of the delayed coagulation UHSC material 22; or,
(3) The end time of the flowable state of the delayed UHSC material 22 is later than the time at which the volume shrinkage turning point of the UHSC material 21 occurs, and the end time of the flowable state of the delayed RPC material 23 is later than the time at which the volume shrinkage turning point of the delayed UHSC material 22 occurs.
The construction method is as follows.
(1) Part A is manufactured, the volume compensation device with the shell is assembled, the isolation devices 41 and 42 and the cavity of the steel pipe 12 installed with the volume compensation device with the shell 3 are installed,
(2) The region surrounded by the isolator 42 is filled with a retarding RPC material 23, the region between the isolators 42 and 41 is filled with a retarding UHSC material 22, and the region between the isolator 41 and the steel pipe 12 is filled with a UHSC material 21. The height of the retarding RPC material 23 is kept higher than the height of the retarding UHSC material 22 during filling, and the height of the retarding UHSC material 22 is higher than the height of the UHSC material 21. This filling can prevent the filling material from collapsing the spacer.
Stopping filling the material 23 when the level of the material reaches the level of the flange, but continuing to fill the material 22; stopping filling the material 22 when it also reaches the position of the flange, but continuing to fill the material 21; when the sheet of material 21 reaches the level of the flange, the filling of the material is stopped.
(3) The upper closure plate is installed, and a pressurizing line is connected to the pressurizing hole 1103 of the upper closure plate, and the material 23 is filled into the remaining space of the steel pipe through the pressurizing line. When full, the vent 112 is plugged.
(4) The material 23 in the pressurizing pipeline is pressurized by the pressurizing device, and the material 23 is pushed to pressurize the pressure supply device in the shell volume compensation device in the cavity, so that the volume of the material is reduced. When the pressure of the material B in the cavity of the steel pipe 12 reaches a preset value, the pressure is stopped increasing, and the valve on the pressurizing pipeline is closed. The pressurizing method can adopt one-time pressurizing or intermittent pressurizing.
Analysis of technical effects
The cement-based material undergoes volumetric shrinkage during this process from being in a flowable state until the strength reaches the design mark. The early contraction is fast, and the late contraction is slow. The strength of the material increases with time over a considerable period of time after the flowable state of the material has ended. At various strengths, cement-based materials are capable of creep; when the stress state is the same, the lower the material strength, the higher the creep rate. Creep of the cementitious material during the low strength stage has substantially no negative effect on final strength.
The technical effect of example 9 is discussed under the following two constraints.
(1) The end time of the flowable state of the material 22 is later than the end time of the flowable state of the material 21, and the end time of the flowable state of the material 23 is later than the end time of the flowable state of the material 22.
(2) The pressure supply in the shelled volume compensator remains constant until the pressure reaches a preset value. Under such conditions, the material is in the same hydrostatic pressure state at all points in space, as long as the material is in a flowable state, and the stress state does not change with time.
For convenience of description, the region occupied by the materials 21, 22 is regarded as a thick-walled cylinder, and the region between the support shell 32 of the shelled volume compensator and the spacer 42 is also regarded as a thick-walled cylinder. These three thick-walled cylinders are referred to as cylinder 21, cylinder 22 and cylinder 23, respectively, depending on the material number.
A control was designed to set off the technical effect of example 9.
The control protocol was as follows: the material 22 of example 9 was selected as the material 21, and the separator 41 was removed. The cylinder 21 and the cylinder 22 are combined into one cylinder, the thickness of which is the sum of the thicknesses of the original two cylinders. The combined cylinder is referred to as cylinder 2122.
First, the first case in this embodiment is analyzed: material 21 has solidified and material 22 and material 23 are still in a flowable state.
The solidified material 21 also undergoes volume shrinkage, which causes a reduction in the compressive stress between the outer wall of the cylinder 21 and the inner wall of the steel pipe. When both materials 22 and 23 are in a flowable state, the radial compressive stress on the inner wall of the cylinder 21 (near the spacer 41) is equal to the compressive stress provided by the pressure supply means 31 in the shelled volume compensator, and this pressure does not change with time. The radial compressive stress on the inner wall of the cylinder 21 is higher than that on the outer wall (near the steel pipe). The difference in radial compressive stress at these two locations increases with increasing radial thickness of the cylinder 21 and, of course, decreases with decreasing radial thickness.
The second case in this example was reanalyzed: both materials 21 and 22 have solidified and material 23 is still in a flowable state.
Note that when material 22 loses fluidity, the turning point of the volume contraction of material 21 has occurred, after which the rate of volume contraction of material 21 is very low and the total amount of volume contraction that occurs thereafter is small. For simplicity of analysis, the volumetric shrinkage of material 21 after the turning point is ignored.
When the material 21 has no more volume shrinkage, the method of analysis of the cylinder 22 in the second case is exactly the same as the method of analysis of the cylinder 21 in the first case.
The control protocol was then analyzed. In the comparative case, where the thickness of the barrel 2122 is the combined thickness of the barrel 21 and the barrel 22, the materials of the barrels 21 and 22 are solidified simultaneously, i.e., at the end of the flowable state and at the same time at the turning point of the volume shrinkage. When the pressure supply means of the comparative example provides the same pressure as the pressure supply means of example 9, the difference in radial pressure between the inner and outer walls of the barrel 2122 of the comparative example is much greater than the difference in radial pressure between the inner wall of the barrel 22 and the outer wall of the barrel 21 of example 9.
It is apparent that the radial compressive stress on the inner wall of the steel pipe in example 9 is higher than that in the comparative example. The technical effect of example 9 is even more apparent when the cross-sectional area of the composite structure is large. It is noted that in example 9, the number of cylinders of cement-based material inside the steel tube can be further increased. If the following two conditions are satisfied when the number of the cylinders is increased, the difference between the compressive stress provided by the pressure supply device and the compressive stress applied to the inner wall of the steel pipe can be reduced for each increase of one cylinder. The two conditions are: (1) For an optional one of the separation devices, the flowable state of the cylinder material at the inner side of the separation device ends at a time later than the occurrence of the volume shrinkage turning point of the cylinder material at the outer side; (2) the thickness of each cylinder is decreasing;
example 9
The combined structure is a compression member filled with the material B in the steel pipe with the uniform cross section. Part a employed part a in example 5 (fig. 22), or part a in example 6 (fig. 25). The cross-section is shown in fig. 33 and 34, where fig. 34 is a partial enlarged view. An approximately cylindrical isolation device 41 is arranged in the cavity of the steel pipe 12, RPC material 21 is filled in the area surrounded by the isolation device 41, and the height of the isolation device 41 is slightly lower than that of the cavity of the steel pipe 12; two omega-shaped isolation devices 42 are arranged between the isolation device 41 and the steel pipe 12, and the height of the omega-shaped isolation devices is slightly lower than the height of the cavity of the steel pipe 12; a volume compensation device 3 with a shell is arranged in the area surrounded by each omega-shaped isolation device 42 and the inner wall of the steel pipe 12, and delayed coagulation epoxy mortar 23 is filled in the area; in both areas enclosed by the isolator 41, the two omega-shaped isolators 42 and the steel pipe 12, the retarding RPC material 22 is filled.
The end time of the flowable state of the retarding RPC material 22 is later than the appearance time of the volume shrinkage turning point of the RPC material 21, and the end time of the flowable state of the retarding epoxy mortar 23 is later than the appearance time of the volume shrinkage turning point of the retarding RPC material 22.
The pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with the shell is selected from an air bag, a gas-liquid bag, an elastic shell energy storage device or a pressurizing energy storage liquid bag.
The construction method is as follows.
(1) Working before filling
Part a of the composite structure was fabricated. Fixing two shelled volume compensators inside the steel tube 12; respectively placing two omega-shaped isolation devices 42 inside the steel pipe 12, and fixing the isolation devices 42 on the pipe wall of the steel pipe by using adhesive tapes; the spacer 41 is placed into the cavity of the steel duct 12.
(2) Filling part B material and installing upper plugging plate
The region surrounded by the isolator 41 is filled with the RPC material 21, two regions surrounded by the isolator 41, the isolator 42 and the steel pipe are filled with the retarded RPC material 22, and the region surrounded by the isolator 42 and the steel pipe is filled with the retarded epoxy mortar 23. When the filling material reaches the position near the flange, stopping filling, and installing a plugging plate. The remaining space in the a-sided cavity is then filled with the delayed RPC material 22 until full.
(3) And installing a pressurizing device to pressurize the part B material.
The pressurizing method adopts one-time pressurizing or intermittent pressurizing.
Analysis of technical effects
A comparison scheme is designed, and the technical effects of the embodiment are illustrated by comparing the embodiment with the comparison scheme.
The control protocol was: assuming that no set retarding epoxy mortar 23 is used in this example, the set retarding RPC material 22 is substituted in the area occupied by the epoxy mortar. The deficiencies of the control protocol are analyzed below. In the later stages of the flowable state, if the retarded RPC material 22 is allowed to flow out of the holes in the support shell, a large difference in internal and external compressive stresses is required for the support shell. On the other hand, at this stage both the RPC material 21 and the delayed RPC material 22 are still shrinking, which further reduces the compressive stress inside all the B material between the inner wall of the steel pipe 12 and the outer surface of the support shell.
In the embodiment, when the RPC material 22 is in the later stage of the flowable state, although the flowability is deteriorated, the shell-containing volume compensation device can push the delayed-setting epoxy mortar 23 to fill the space generated by the shrinkage. If the material 21 and the material 22 shrink a large amount after setting, so that a gap is present between the material 22 and the steel pipe, the delayed setting epoxy mortar 23 can also squeeze into the gap. This can reduce the magnitude of the pressure drop due to the contraction of the materials 21 and 22.
In addition, the cost of the epoxy resin is much higher than that of the slow setting RPC, and if the slow setting epoxy mortar is used in all the spaces occupied by the slow setting RPC material 22, the cost is high, and the use of the epoxy mortar only near the belt casing volume compensation device is beneficial to reducing the total cost of the combined structure.
Example 10
The steel pipe concrete composite structure is an axial compression member, as shown in fig. 35 to 37. Part a includes an upper plugging plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12 and a lower plugging plate 13. The flange 111 is welded at the upper end of the steel pipe 12, and the lower plugging plate is welded at the lower end of the steel pipe 12. The upper plugging plate is connected with the flange plate through bolts, and bolt holes 1101 in the upper plugging plate face bolt holes 1111 in the lower plugging plate. A feed hole 1103, a vent hole 1102, and a pressurizing hole 1104 are formed on the upper plugging plate.
The hollow space of the steel pipe is filled with B in the order from the center to the periphery 1 Materials 21, B 2 Materials 22 and B 3 Material 23, see fig. 35-37. In B 1 Materials 21 and B 2 Between the materials 22 are arranged separating means 41, B 2 Materials 22 and B 3 The isolating device 42 is arranged between the materials 23, and the pressurizing hole 1104 on the upper plugging plate is positioned opposite to the B 2 Material 22 (see fig. 37). The isolation devices 41 and 42 are made of thin iron plates, the isolation device 41 is a corrugated cylinder, and the isolation device 42 is a cylinder with four concave parts. There is almost no gap between the lower ends of the isolation devices 41 and 42 and the lower plugging plate, and a gap of 5-30 mm is left between the upper ends of the isolation devices and the upper plugging plate. The isolating devices 41 and 42 are respectively provided with a plurality of fixing points which are connected with the lower plugging plate 13 to prevent transverse or/and longitudinal movement. Preferably, the number of fixing points of the separating device is selected to be 3 to 6, which can fix the position of the separating device without affecting the lateral deformation of the separating device outside the fixing points.
B is 3 The material is a mixture of a delayed coagulation high polymer material and solid particles; b is described 2 The material is slow-setting RPC, B 1 The material is UHSC (ultra high strength concrete) material.
B is described 1 、B 2 And B 3 The material has the following characteristics:
(1)B 2 the flowable state of material 22 ends later than B 1 The time at which the flowable state of the material 21 ends; preferably, B 2 The flowable state of material 22 ends later than B 1 The point at which the point of inflection of the volumetric shrinkage of material 21 occurs.
(2)B 3 The flowable state of the material 23 ends later than B 2 The time at which the flowable state of material 22 ends; preferably, B 3 The flowable state of the material 23 ends later than B 2 The point at which the material 22 volumetric contraction inflection point occurs.
The manufacturing process is as follows.
(1) Part a was made.
(2) The shelled volume compensating device is prepared.
The pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with the shell is selected as a double-limit air bag, and gas is filled into the upper limit air bag until the air pressure is reached
A preset value is reached.
Four shelled volume compensators are mounted to a pre-set position in the partially enclosed cavity a.
(3) The spacers 41 and 42 are fixed to the lower closure plate 13.
(4) Filling cavities with B simultaneously or alternately 1 Materials 21, B 2 Materials 22 and B 3 A material 23; in the filling process, the height difference of the three materials is limited within a certain range so as to prevent the filling material from extruding the isolating device to cause excessive transverse deformation; vibrating with a vibrating rod B during filling 1 Materials 21, B 2 Material 22 to eliminate air bubbles therein; vibrating the steel pipe 12 with a vibration exciter to increase B 3 The fluidity of the material 23 makes it easier to flow into the gap between the air bag and the inner wall of the support shell through the holes in the wall of the support shell in the volume compensator with shell, and also helps to eliminate B 3 Air bubbles and voids inside the material 23.
(5) When B is present 1 Stopping filling B when material 21 approaches the upper end of isolator 41 1 Material 21, at B 1 A cover 411 made of a thin iron plate is placed on the upper surface of the material 21, taking care that the cover is to enter the cavity of the isolation device; the cover is shaped and dimensioned to fit into the cavity enclosed by the spacer 41. The cover 411 functions to prevent B 1 Materials and B 2 Or with B 3 The contact surface is too large, so that the change of the time length of the flowing state of the material caused by the large-area contact of different B parts of materials is prevented.
(6) Continue filling B 3 Material 23 until its upper surface approaches or reaches the upper end of isolation device 42. This step may also occur before step (5).
(7) Installing the upper plugging plate 110; one end of a pressure line is fitted to the pressure hole 1104 of the upper plugging plate 110, and the other end of the pressure line is connected to a pressure pump that can squeeze the delayed RPC into the line and apply pressure. The pressurization piping attached to the pressurization holes 1104 of the upper plugging plate 110 and the delayed RPC therein are simply the pressurization means.
(8) Injecting a delayed RPC material into the cavity enclosed by part A through a pressurized line mounted on a pressurized orifice 1104, during which air is vented from the holes 1102 or/and 1103; the injection is continued with the delayed RPC flowing out of the holes 1102 or/and 1103 in an amount to carry out the gas in the portion a surrounding the cavity.
(9) The holes 1102 and 1103 are plugged with plugs, respectively.
(10) The pressure pump continues to squeeze the delayed RPC material into the cavity enclosed by section A through a pressurized line connected to the pressurized orifice 1104 to increase the pressure until the pressure reaches a preset value.
(11) The pressure is maintained by selecting one of the following two methods.
(i) Continuous pressurization method
When the pressure reaches a preset value, the pressure is kept constant. The constant pressure value is determined by making the pressure of a double-limit air bag in the shell volume compensation device between an upper limit and a lower limit, and the air bag can expand and contract when the pressure of a medium around the air bag changes.
(ii) Intermittent pressurization method
Injecting B into the cavity surrounded by the part A by a pressure pump 2 Material, when the pressure reaches the preset value, the valve on the pressurizing pipeline is closed, so that the part A surrounds the cavity B 1 、B 2 And B 3 No material can enter or exit the cavity.
Monitoring B in a cavity surrounded by part A 2 Or B 3 The pressure of the material is lower than a preset value, and a pressurizing pump is used for extruding B into the part A surrounding cavity 2 A material 22; when B is present 2 When the pressure of the material 22 reaches a preset value, the valve on the pressurization pipeline is closed again; the process is circulated for a plurality of times.
Whether a continuous pressurizing method or an intermittent pressurizing method is adopted, B is required 2 Before the flowable state of the material is finished, the valve on the pressurizing pipeline is closed, the pressurizing pump is removed, and the condition B is prevented 2 The material is solidified in a pressure pump.
Analysis of technical effects
This embodiment is suitable for use when the cross-section of the composite structural member is very large.
For example, the inner diameter of the steel pipe 12 is 3 m; the inscribed circle of the isolation device 41 is 2.5 meters, and the circumscribed circle is 2.6 meters; the diameter of the isolation device 42 is 2.9 meters.
A control member was designed. In the control member, part B material used only B 1 And B 3 Two, i.e. in the embodiment the isolation means 41, B are omitted 2 Material selected from B 1 The material, the spacer 42 remaining, is filled at the upper end of the part A enclosing the cavity with B 3 A material. The following analysis is based on comparison with a control member.
As B 3 The mixture of the retarding polymer material and the solid particles has the advantages that the adjustable range of the duration time of the flowable state is wider, and the change range of the fluidity along with time is smaller; the disadvantages are higher cost, lower elastic modulus and lower triaxial strength than RPC materials. When the solution of the present embodiment is adopted, the upper end portion of the portion A surrounding the cavity is filled with the material B 2 Material (RPC), this ratio is filled with B 3 Besides cost saving, the material is also beneficial to improving the bearing capacity of the component.
When the solution of the embodiment is adopted, before the pressurized line valve is closed, B 1 And B 2 B into which the material shrinks to produce voids which are squeezed by a pressure pump 2 Filling the material, wherein the part of the gap occupies the part A of the rectification part to surround the part B in the cavity 1 、B 2 And B 3 The majority of the aggregate void content of the material is generated before the time when all of the strongest strengths are reached. Obviously, during this time period, B 1 And from B 2 Shrinkage of the material without use of B 3 The material is filled, which greatly saves B 3 The material consumption reduces the cost.
Only after closing the valve, B 2 The void generated by the shrinkage of the material is extruded by the air bag in the four shell volume compensators B 3 The material is filled, obviously, the requirement on the volume deformation of the air bag is greatly reduced.
Description of the terms
At least
The meaning of "having at least one of the following features" includes having one of the following features, or having two or more of the following features, or having all of the following features.
The meaning of "in at least a part of the spatial region Z" includes one spatial region or a plurality of spatial regions in the spatial region Z, or in the entire spatial region Z.
The meaning of "during at least one period of time in the overall process" includes, within a period of time, or within a plurality of periods of time, or throughout the process.
A plurality of
"plurality" means two or more in this context.
Simplified pressurizing device
A feature of the simplified pressurizing device is the ability to apply pressure to the part B material in the part a enclosed cavity of the member, but the device does not have a mating support housing.
Preferably, the simplified pressurizing device is selected from a range comprising a pressurizing piston, a pressurizing pipeline and a medium therein, and a delayed-coagulation pressurizing liquid sac.
Pressurization device and simplified pressurization device
In the present invention there are two pressurizing means: one is the "pressurizing device" when the pressure supply device in the support housing is selected as the pressurizing device, and the pressurizing device is still called the pressurizing device; another is to simplify the pressurizing means.
Pressurizing piston
The pressurizing piston is a solid material rod piece with a smooth surface, penetrates through a piston hole in the part A and extends into a cavity surrounded by the part A, and sealing treatment is carried out between the pressurizing piston and the piston hole; the pressurizing piston can move along the length direction of the pressurizing piston, and the pressure of the pressurizing piston is increased by occupying the space occupied by the material of the part B, or/and the pressure is reduced by making the occupied space available;
pressurization pipeline
The pressurizing pipeline is a pipeline which is connected with an external pressurizing source and the part A surrounding cavity, the pipeline is filled with the part B material in a flowing state, and when the pressure source increases the pressure, the part B material in the pipeline enters the part A surrounding cavity;
slow-setting pressurized liquid bag
The delayed-coagulation pressurizing liquid sac is characterized in that (1) the liquid sac is positioned in a cavity surrounded by the part A, and (2) the delayed-coagulation fluid-solid conversion material in the liquid sac solidifies at a time later than the pressurizing end time.
Method for pressurizing with simplified pressurizing device
The pressurizing method at least comprises the following steps:
(1) Pressurizing by a bag pressurizing device;
(2) The pressurizing piston is utilized to pressurize the mixture,
the pressurizing piston is a cylinder with a smooth surface, and the pressure of the B material in a flowable state in the cavity is increased or reduced by increasing or reducing the space occupying the part A surrounding the cavity;
(3) The cavity is directly filled with the fluid-solid conversion material in a flowable state through the pipeline.
Pre-stress of compression
The pre-stress is a stress applied to the material of part B in the part a surrounding cavity of the composite structure by pressing the material of part B before a certain time.
For example, a thin tube is used to connect the material of part B in the cavity to the pressurizing means outside the cavity, and the tube is also filled with the material of part B. The pressurizing means applies a constant pressure to the material in the tube until the material in the tube has solidified and reached a sufficient strength. After removal of the pipe beyond the outer surface of part a, it is clear that the material B in the cavity of part a is still subjected to the previously applied pressure, which is the pre-stress. Since the material B may creep under pressure, causing volume shrinkage, the pre-stress may decrease with time at a certain point in space inside the cavity in the part B; in this section B, the distribution of the pre-stressing can also vary over time.
Residual pre-compressive stress
The residual pre-stress means that after the materials B1 and B2 are solidified, the materials B1 and/or B2 also shrink, the original pre-stress in the materials is reduced, and the reduced pre-stress is the residual pre-stress.
Fluid-solid conversion material
A fluid-solid transition material is a material that is capable of changing from a flowable state to a solid state.
The B materials in the invention are all fluid-solid conversion materials.
Fluidity of the resin
By a material being flowable, it is meant that the material has at least one of the following characteristics.
(1) The material has no static shear strength no matter whether the material is acted by hydrostatic pressure; the almost no static shear strength means that the static shear strength at that moment is very small, only a few tenths of a ten-thousandth of the final strength, compared to the final static shear strength of the settable material;
(2) The material does not have static uniaxial compressive strength; the almost no static uniaxial compressive strength means that the static compressive strength at that moment is very small, only a few tenths of a ten to a ten thousandth of the final strength, compared to the final static uniaxial compressive strength of the settable material;
(3) When any small shearing force is applied, continuous deformation can be generated along with time; by very small shear forces is meant that the shear force is only a few tenths to a tenth of the final static shear strength of the settable material at the moment the shear force is applied.
Flowable state
When the material is flowable, the material is in a flowable state.
Relatively high fluidity
At a certain moment, both material a and material b are subjected to the same stress, which does not vary with time and whose offset is not zero, material a being said to have a relatively high flowability than material b if its rate of offset strain is higher than that of material b.
Coagulation
Solidification in the present invention refers to the process by which a material transforms from a static or quasi-static shear strength of zero or almost zero to a static or quasi-static shear strength.
The static or quasi-static shear strength is almost zero, meaning that the static shear strength at that moment is very small, only a few ten-thousandths to a few tenths of the final strength, compared to the final static shear strength of the settable material;
coagulation includes, but is not limited to:
setting and hardening processes of cement paste, cement mortar, concrete, reactive powder concrete and the like; the process of changing the polymer material from a flowable state to a solid.
During the solidification process, the creep property of the material is gradually changed, and the viscosity coefficient is gradually increased.
Retarding antifriction material
The material has one of the following characteristics:
(1) After the preparation is finished, within the time range of the design requirement, the static shear strength is zero or almost zero and is only one ten thousandth to one ten thousandth of the final static shear strength of the retarding antifriction material;
(2) After the time exceeds a certain length, the cohesive force and the internal friction angle of the material are increased and gradually tend to the final value; the adhesive force and the friction coefficient between the retarding antifriction material and the solid surface contacted with the retarding antifriction material are increased and gradually approach to the final value.
Retarding antifriction layer
The retarding and antifriction layer is a layered material made of retarding and antifriction materials and is used between the material B in the cavity and the inner surface of the part A.
The preparation method of the retarding and antifriction layer comprises the following steps:
(1) Coating a retarding material on a permeable braided fabric;
(2) Coating a retarding material on one or two surfaces of a waterproof film, wherein the surface of the film in contact with the inner surface of the part A needs to be coated with the retarding and antifriction material;
(3) Coating retarding antifriction material on a certain area of the inner surface of the part A, and then pasting a layer of permeable woven fabric or impermeable film on the retarding antifriction material.
The time when the retarding and antifriction layer loses fluidity must be later than the time when the B material in the cavity begins to solidify, and preferably later than the time when the shrinkage turning point of the B material appears, so as to weaken or eliminate the shear stress on the surface of the B material facing the inner wall of the part A. If the retarding and friction reducing layer is not arranged, the interface of the B material and the inner wall of the part A has shear stress because the part B material continues to shrink in volume after solidification, and the shear stress causes uneven distribution of compressive stress in the part B material and even possibly generates tensile stress in the part B material.
Apparent volume of the device
The apparent volume of a device is the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the device.
The pressure supply means has an apparent volume as defined above.
Apparent bulk modulus of elasticity of the device
Assuming that static fluid is present around a device, a fluid pressure p is applied to the outer surface of the device, and when the pressure p increases by an increment Δ p, an increment Δ V is generated in the apparent volume of the device accordingly.
Note the book
Figure BDA0003802879180000401
If the change in apparent volume is recoverable, then
Figure BDA0003802879180000411
Referred to as apparent bulk modulus.
The pressure supply means have an apparent bulk modulus, as defined above.
Apparent modulus of bulk deformability
The apparent bulk modulus is represented by the following formula
Figure BDA0003802879180000412
Wherein the change in the apparent volume V contains an unrecoverable portion.
According to the aboveIf the apparent volume of the pressure supply means contains an unrecoverable part
Figure BDA0003802879180000413
The apparent bulk modulus of the pressure supply device.
Apparent stiffness
Stiffness of the outer surface surrounding area.
Rigidity of imperforate portion of support shell
The steel pipe with holes on the supporting shell is taken as an example for explanation.
The supporting shell is a steel pipe with holes on the pipe wall, a section of length is found out from the steel pipe, and no holes are arranged on the pipe wall. The radial stiffness of the outer surface of the length of steel tube is one of the stiffness of the non-perforated section, although the axial stiffness of the length of steel tube is also one of the stiffness. In the present invention, if i specify, the stiffness of the support shell refers to the radial stiffness or the normal stiffness.
Volume shrinkage turning point
The volume contraction turning point is called contraction turning point for short.
Placing the freshly mixed cement-based material in a closed environment, and allowing the freshly mixed cement-based material to undergo two stages:
(1) In the first phase, the pressure to which the material is subjected is variable, at least in the initial phase, without being limited to the temperature variations experienced;
(2) In the second stage, the temperature and pressure were kept constant and the volumetric strain versus time was recorded.
In the second stage, if there is a point in the volumetric strain versus time curve having the following characteristics, the point is the contraction inflection point.
The characteristic of this point is: the curvature of the curve is greatest at this point, and the volumetric strain rate after this point is much lower than the average rate in the second stage before, only a few tenths to a fraction of the rate before, and even lower. Within the range of the water-cement ratio or the water-glue ratio, the material has certain static shear strength when a shrinkage turning point occurs.
If no turning point appears in the curve of the volume strain and the time relation in the second stage, which indicates that the starting time of the second stage is too late, the turning point appears in the curve of the second stage by shortening the time length of the first stage. If the material is still in a flowable state at the beginning of the second stage, it must be possible to find the turning point. Even if the material has a certain static shear strength at the moment when the second stage starts, a turning point can occur if the strength is not sufficiently high.
Cylindrical body
The cylindrical body is characterized in that the axes are straight lines and the cross sections are the same.
Round corner prism
A rounded prism is characterized in that the cross-section of the prism is a rounded polygon.

Claims (36)

1. A belt shell volume compensation device comprises a pressure supply device and a support shell;
the supporting shell is surrounded with a cavity, and a connecting channel is arranged between the cavity and the surrounding space area outside the supporting shell;
the pressure supply device is positioned in the cavity;
the pressure supply device can provide pressure for the medium contacted with the pressure supply device.
2. The shelled volume-compensating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the support shell is a tube and has at least one of the following characteristics:
(1) Holes are formed in the pipe wall of the pipe, and two ends of the pipe are plugged; the hole on the pipe wall is used as a connecting channel for connecting the cavity of the supporting shell and the external space area around the supporting shell;
(2) Holes are formed in the pipe wall of the pipe, and at least one of the two ends of the pipe is not blocked;
(3) The pipe wall of the pipe is not provided with holes, and at least one of the two ends of the pipe is not blocked; the end tube holes of the tubes, which are not plugged, serve as passages connecting the support shell cavity with the outer spatial region around the support shell.
3. The shelled volume-compensating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the support shell is a shell with a hole.
4. The shelled volume compensating device of claim 1, wherein the pressure supply device is selected from the group consisting of a pressurizing device, an energy storage device, and a pressurized energy storage device;
(1) The pressurizing device can change or/and maintain the pressure between the outer surface of the pressurizing device and a medium in contact with the pressurizing device;
(2) The energy storage device has the following characteristics,
when the pressure on the outer surface of the energy storage device is increased, the apparent volume of the energy storage device is reduced, and the energy storage device absorbs energy; or/and when the pressure on the outer surface is reduced, the apparent volume of the energy storage device is increased, and the energy storage device releases energy;
(3) The pressurized energy storage device has characteristics a and b,
the characteristic A is that,
the pressurized energy storage device is capable of changing or/and maintaining the pressure between its outer surface and the medium in contact therewith;
the characteristic B is that,
under the condition that other influencing factors are unchanged, when the pressure on the outer surface of the pressurization energy storage device is increased, the apparent volume of the device is reduced, and the pressurization energy storage device absorbs energy; or/and, when the pressure experienced by the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the device increases and the pressurized energy storage device releases energy.
5. The shelled volume compensating apparatus of claim 4, wherein:
(1) The selection range of the pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing air bag, a pressurizing liquid bag and a self-expanding device;
(2) The selection range of the energy storage device comprises an air bag, a gas-liquid bag, an energy storage liquid bag, a solid elastomer energy storage device and an elastic shell energy storage device;
(3) The selection range of the pressurizing energy storage device comprises a pressurizing air bag, a pressurizing gas-liquid bag, a pressurizing energy storage liquid bag and a self-expansion device;
preferably, the self-expansion device is a type a self-expansion device; preferably, the type a self-expanding device is a type a 1 self-expanding device; preferably, the type a 1 self-expanding device is a type a 1a or/and type a 1b self-expanding device.
Preferably, the self-expansion device is a b-type self-expansion device.
6. The shelled volume compensating device of claim 5,
the selection range of the air bags used as the pressurizing device, the energy storage device and the pressurizing energy storage device comprises a common air bag, an upper limit air bag, a lower limit air bag and a double limit air bag;
the selection range of the gas-liquid bags used as the pressurizing device, the energy storage device and the pressurizing energy storage device comprises a common gas-liquid bag, an upper limit gas-liquid bag, a lower limit gas-liquid bag and a double limit gas-liquid bag;
the selection range of the liquid bags used as the pressurizing device, the energy storage device and the pressurizing energy storage device comprises a common liquid bag, an upper limit liquid bag, a lower limit liquid bag and a double-limit liquid bag; preferably, the liquid bag is provided with a pipeline connected with a hydraulic source; preferably, the liquid bag is provided with a pipeline connected with a hydraulic source and an accumulator.
7. The shelled volume compensating device of claim 1, wherein the pressure supply device is selected from a range comprising a type a self-expansion device and a type b self-expansion device; preferably, the type a self-expanding device is a type a 1 self-expanding device.
8. The shelled volume compensating device of one of claims 1 to 7,
the gap between the inner wall of the supporting shell and the outer surface of the pressure supply device is filled with fluid-solid conversion material or/and,
the fluid-solid conversion material is present in the region of the surrounding space outside the support shell.
9. The shelled volume compensator according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the device has the following characteristics:
(1) When the fluid-solid transition material is in a flowable state, the fluid-solid transition material is suitable for flowing through the connecting channel;
or/and (c) the first and/or second,
(2) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state, the fluid-solid conversion material and the supporting shell form a composite shell, the composite shell comprises the supporting shell and the solidified fluid-solid conversion material in a certain range around the supporting shell, and the composite shell can bear the pressure of a medium on the periphery of the composite shell.
10. A method of manufacturing a shelled volume compensator, characterized in that the shelled volume compensator is manufactured as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. A method for providing pressure to a surrounding medium using a shelled volume compensator,
(1) The shelled volume compensating device is as described in one of claims 1 to 9;
(2) In the process of providing pressure by using the shelled volume compensation device, besides using the supporting shell and the pressure supply device, fluid-solid conversion materials are also needed to participate;
the fluid-solid transition material is a material that can be brought from a fluid state to a solid state;
(3) The spatial relationship among the supporting shell with the shell volume compensation device, the pressure supply device and the fluid-solid conversion material has the following characteristics,
the fluid-solid conversion material is present in at least a part of the space between the inner wall of the support housing and the outer surface of the pressure supply means, or/and,
a fluid-solid conversion material is present at least in a portion of the outer surrounding spatial region of the support shell;
(4) When the fluid-solid transition material is in a flowable state,
a. if the pressure exerted by an external medium on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the supporting shell is increased, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the cavity surrounded by the supporting shell through the connecting channel, and the pressure supply device in the cavity is pressed, so that the apparent volume of the pressure supply device is reduced; if the pressure applied by the external medium on the exterior of the supporting shell or/and the fluid-solid conversion material in the connecting channel is reduced, the apparent volume of the pressure supply device in the cavity is increased, and the fluid-solid conversion material is pushed to flow to the exterior of the supporting shell;
and/or the first and/or second light sources,
b. when the apparent volume of the pressure supply device is increased, the pressure supply device extrudes the fluid-solid conversion material in the cavity of the support shell and flows out of the support shell through the connecting channel; when the apparent volume of the pressure supply device is reduced, if the fluid-solid conversion material around the outside of the supporting shell is subjected to the pressure action of the peripheral medium, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the cavity of the supporting shell through the connecting channel;
(5) When the fluid-solid transition material is in a solid state,
the fluid-solid conversion material and the support shell form a composite shell, and the composite shell resists the pressure of an external medium as a whole; the support shell is capable of withstanding the pressure of the solidified fluid-solid conversion material acting on its outer surface.
12. A composite structural member comprising part a, part B and part C; wherein
The part A surrounds a cavity and is a solid;
part B is a fluid-solid transition material, which is a material capable of changing from a flowable state to a solid state;
part C is one or more shelled volume compensation devices as described in one of claims 1 to 9, each shelled volume compensation device comprising a support shell and a pressure supply;
the shelled volume-compensating device and the part B material are in the part A enclosed cavity.
13. A composite structural element according to claim 12, wherein said part a encloses a cavity, or said part a encloses two or more cavities;
when the part a encloses two or more cavities, the cavities have the following characteristics:
(1) At least two cavities are in communication with each other; the communication means that a connecting channel exists between the two cavities, and the medium in a flowable state can flow into the other cavity from one cavity; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
(2) At least two cavities are isolated from each other; the isolation means that no connecting channel exists between the two cavities.
14. The composite structural member according to claim 12, wherein at least in a cavity surrounded by the portion a, the range of choice of the material of the portion B includes four categories:
(1) A cement-based material comprising a mixture of a cementitious material,
the cement-based material comprises cement mortar, active powder concrete, common strength concrete, high-strength concrete and ultrahigh-strength concrete;
(2) A mixture of a cement-based material and a high molecular material,
cement in the cement-based material participates in hydration reaction;
(3) A high molecular material which can be cured by itself,
(4) Mixtures of polymeric materials with solid powders or/and solid particles.
15. A stmcmre as claimed in claim 12, wherein at least in a cavity surrounded by the portion a, there are M of the materials of the portion B, respectively B 1 ，B 2 ...B i ，B i+1 ......B M The materials occupy different space areas, and each B part material is a fluid-solid conversion material.
16. A component according to claim 15 wherein, in at least one of the cavities enclosed by part a, the material of part B has at least one of the following characteristics a and B:
(1) The characteristic A is that,
at least one i and one j exist, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, i is not equal to j, and at least one time period exists corresponding to i and j; during this time period, with B i Comparison of materials, B j The material has relatively high fluidity;
(2) The characteristic B is that,
at least one i and one j exist, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, i is not equal to j, and the B corresponds to the i and the j i And B j The material had the following characteristics:
(i) B is j The end of the flowable state of the material being later than or equal to B i The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B i The moment when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs; or,
(ii) B is described j The end time of the flowable state of the material is later than or equal to B i The point at which the material volume shrinkage turning point occurs.
17. A component according to claim 15, wherein at least in a cavity enclosed by part A there is at least one of i, 1. Ltoreq. I.ltoreq.M, corresponding to B i The material has at least one of the following characteristics of A, B and C,
(i) The first characteristic is that,
when B is present i When the material is in the flowable state stage, in one time period or a plurality of time periods or all stages, at least B in all B parts of the material i The material is subjected to compressive stress;
(ii) The characteristic B is that,
when said B is i During the solidification process of the material from the flowable state to the solid state, in one period, a plurality of periods or all stages of the solidification process, at least B in all B parts of the material i The material is under the action of compressive stress or prepressing stress;
(iii) The third characteristic is that,
when said B is i After the material is solidified, at least B is in the whole B part material i The material is subjected to compressive or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress.
18. A structural element according to claim 12 wherein, in at least one of the cavities enclosed by part a, when all of the material in part B has solidified, the element has at least one of the following three characteristics:
(1) In part or a plurality of parts or all of the part B material in the cavity, compressive stress or pre-stress or residual pre-stress exists;
(2) A part or a plurality of parts or all of the contact surfaces of the inner walls of the part A and the material of the part B in the cavity have compressive stress or pre-stress or residual pre-stress;
(3) In the cavity, compressive stress exists on the contact surface of the outer surface of the support shell and the material of the part B.
19. A member as claimed in claim 12 wherein, in at least one of the cavities enclosed by said portion a, simplified pressurizing means are also present; the simplified pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing piston, a pressurizing pipeline and a medium therein, and a retarding pressurizing liquid sac.
20. A member as set forth in claim 12 wherein,
(1) The member having an axis over one or more or all of the length of the member in the assembled structure; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
(2) The axis has at least one of the following characteristics,
(i) One or more or all of the axes of the member are straight;
(ii) One, more or all of the axes of the member are curved;
(iii) At least one of the axes of the member is straight and at least one of the axes is curved.
21. An element according to claim 12 or 20 wherein, over one or more or all of the length of the elements in the assembled structure,
the figure enclosed by the outer contour line of the cross section of the member or/and the figure enclosed by the outer contour line of the cross section of the cavity enclosed by the part A has the following characteristics,
the graph is a graph formed by encircling straight lines or/and curved lines;
preferably, the graphic is convex; preferably, the figure is a convex polygon; preferably, the graphic is a convex curved graphic; preferably, the figure is circular or elliptical; preferably, the figure is a rounded polygon.
22. A structural element as claimed in claim 12 or 21 wherein said composite structural element has one of the following characteristics
(1) At least within a certain length range of the composite structural member, the cross-sectional shapes and sizes are respectively the same at different positions in the length direction;
(2) At least over a length of the composite structural member, cross-sections at different positions along the length are similar in shape and different in size;
(3) At least in a certain length range of the combined structural member, at least two different positions can be found in the length direction, and the cross sections at the two positions are not similar in shape and size.
23. A structural element as claimed in any one of claims 12 or 20 to 22 wherein said composite structural element is a cylindrical compression element having only one cavity with a straight axis; alternatively, the composite structural member is a compression member having only one cavity with an axis that is arcuately curved.
24. A member as claimed in claim 12 wherein said shelled volume compensator has at least one of the following characteristics:
(1) The apparent bulk modulus and the apparent bulk deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are respectively far lower than those of the material of the part B at any stage, wherein any stage refers to any stage in the whole process, and the whole process refers to the process that the material is changed from a flowable state into a solid state reaching the final strength;
(2) After the fluid-solid conversion material is solidified and reaches the design strength, the apparent bulk modulus and the apparent bulk deformation modulus of the composite shell consisting of the fluid-solid conversion material and the supporting shell are respectively far higher than those of the pressure supply device;
(3) After the fluid-solid conversion material is solidified and reaches the designed strength, the composite shell consisting of the fluid-solid conversion material and the supporting shell can bear the maximum pressure applied by the surrounding medium, and the maximum pressure is far higher than the pressure provided by the pressure supply device for the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone;
(4) The outer surface of the support shell without the hole can bear the maximum pressure applied by the surrounding medium and is far higher than the pressure supplied by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone;
(5) When the supporting shell is a circular steel pipe with holes in the pipe wall and the pressure supply device is a long pipe type bag type energy storage device, if the same radial pressure is added to the outer surface, the diameter except the radial displacement increment of the steel pipe of the section without the holes in the pipe wall is far lower than the diameter except the radial displacement increment of the bag type pressure supply device.
25. A method of making a composite structural member comprising the steps of:
(1) A part a is obtained which encloses a cavity,
(2) One or more shelled volume compensators are placed or fixed in the cavity enclosed by the part a,
(3) Filling the cavity with part B of material,
(4) Applying pressure to the part B material in the cavity;
the steps (2) and (3) are not influenced by the arrangement sequence in the manufacturing process;
the part B material is a fluid-solid conversion material,
the shelled volume compensating device according to one of claims 1 to 9, each shelled volume compensating device comprising a pressure supply device and a support shell, the pressure supply device being located within a cavity of the support shell.
26. The method as set forth in claim 25, wherein,
the A part of the composite structural member is surrounded by one or more cavities;
when the number of the cavities is more than or equal to 2, the cavities have the following characteristics:
(1) At least two cavities are in communication with each other; the communication means that a connecting channel exists between the two cavities, and the medium in a flowable state can flow into the other cavity from one cavity; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
(2) At least two cavities are isolated from each other; the isolation means that there is no connecting channel between the two cavities.
27. The method as claimed in claim 25, wherein, when appropriate, a fluid-solid transition material is filled into a space between an outer surface of the pressure supply means and an inner surface of the support housing;
preferably, before the belt casing volume compensation device is placed in the part A surrounding cavity, the fluid-solid conversion material in a flowable state is filled at least in a gap between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner surface of the support casing; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
when the cavity surrounded by the part A is filled with the material of the part B, or when pressure is applied to the material of the part B in the cavity surrounded by the part A, the material of the part B in the peripheral area near the outer surface of the supporting shell passes through the channel on the supporting shell and enters the gap between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner surface of the supporting shell.
28. A method according to claim 25 or 26, wherein at least in a cavity enclosed by part a there are M of said part B materials, respectively B 1 ，B 2 ...B i ，B i+1 ......B M Materials, each occupying a different spatial region.
29. The method of claim 28 wherein, in at least one cavity enclosed by part a, said part B material has at least one of the following characteristics a and B:
(1) The characteristic A is that,
at least one i and one j exist, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, i is not equal to j, and at least one time slot corresponding to i and j exists; during this time period, with B i Comparison of materials, B j The material has relatively high fluidity;
(2) The characteristic B is that,
at least one of i and j, where i is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, j is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, i is not equal to j, and B corresponds to the above i And B j The material has the following characteristics:
(i) B is described j End of flowable state of material later than or equal to B i The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B i The moment when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs; or,
(ii) B is described j The flowable state of the material ending later than or equal to B i The point at which the material volume shrinkage inflection point occurs.
30. The method of claim 28, wherein at least one of i,1 ≦ i ≦ M, and B, respectively, is present in at least one of the cavities enclosed by portion A i The material has one or two or three of the following characteristics of A, B and C,
(i) The first characteristic is that,
when B is present i The material is in the flowable state stage, and in one or more of the time periods or all of the stages, all BPart of the material being at least said B i The material is under the action of compressive stress;
(ii) The characteristic B is that,
when said B is i During the solidification process of the material from a flowable state to a solid state, in one time period or a plurality of time periods or all stages, at least B in all B parts of the material i The material is under the action of compressive stress or prepressing stress;
(iii) The third characteristic is that,
when said B is i After the material is solidified, at least B is in the whole B part material i The material is subjected to compressive or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress.
31. The method of claim 25, wherein the shelled volume-compensating device has at least one of the following characteristics:
(1) The apparent bulk modulus and the apparent bulk modulus of the pressure supply device are respectively far lower than the bulk modulus and the bulk modulus of the material of the part B at any stage, wherein any stage refers to any stage in the whole process, and the whole process refers to the process that the material is changed from a flowable state to a solid state reaching the final strength;
(2) After the fluid-solid conversion material is solidified and reaches the designed strength, the apparent bulk modulus and the apparent bulk deformation modulus of the composite shell consisting of the fluid-solid conversion material and the supporting shell are respectively far higher than those of the pressure supply device;
(3) After the fluid-solid conversion material is solidified and reaches the designed strength, the composite shell consisting of the fluid-solid conversion material and the supporting shell can bear the maximum pressure applied by the surrounding medium, and the maximum pressure is far higher than the pressure provided by the pressure supply device for the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone;
(4) The outer surface of the support shell without the hole can bear the maximum pressure applied by the surrounding medium and is far higher than the pressure supplied by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone;
(5) When the supporting shell is a circular steel pipe with holes in the pipe wall and the pressure supply device is a long pipe type bag type energy storage device, if the same radial pressure is added to the outer surface, the diameter except the radial displacement increment of the steel pipe of the section without the holes in the pipe wall is far lower than the diameter except the radial displacement increment of the bag type pressure supply device.
32. A method according to claim 25 or 28, wherein, in at least one of the cavities enclosed by part a, simplified pressurising means are provided in the composite structural element, the means being capable of varying or maintaining the compressive stress of the material B in the cavity enclosed by part a;
the simplified pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing piston, a pressurizing pipeline, a medium in the pressurizing pipeline and a retarding pressurizing liquid sac, and is characterized in that the simplified pressurizing device is not provided with a supporting shell.
33. The method as claimed in claim 32, wherein the pressure of the material of part B is varied or maintained by a combination of the simplified pressurizing means and the pressure supply means of the shelled volume compensating device in at least one cavity surrounded by part a;
the combined use is characterized in that the pressure supply device and the simplified pressure device are used simultaneously at least during a certain period of time or/and alternately at least during a certain period of time.
34. A method according to any one of claims 25 or 28 to 30, wherein at least in a cavity surrounded by part a there is only one part B material, where M =1;
the combined structural member comprises at least one section of member, and the cross section of the section of member has the following characteristics:
(1) When the axis of the member is a straight line,
(i) If there is only one of said shelled volume-compensating devices in said portion a enclosed cavity, said device is on the geometric center of the cavity cross-section; or,
(ii) If there are two or more of said shelled volume compensators in said partially a enclosed cavity, said devices are located in positions that are centrosymmetric about the geometric centroid of the cavity cross-section or axisymmetric about a straight line;
(2) When the axis of the member is a curve lying on a plane,
(i) If there is only one of said shelled volume compensators in said a-part enclosed cavity,
the device is on the geometric center of the cross section of the cavity; alternatively, the device is positioned off the geometric centroid of the cross-section of the cavity, but in the plane of the axis;
or,
(ii) If there are two or more of said shelled volume-compensating devices in said part a enclosed cavity,
the device is axisymmetric about the plane of the axis.
35. The method according to any one of claims 25 or 28 to 30, wherein at least in a cavity enclosed by part a, the material of part B has the following characteristics I, II and III,
the characteristic I is that the characteristic I is,
in the cavity enclosed by the part A, there is B 1 And B 2 Two part B materials, when M =2; b is 1 And B 2 The materials occupy different spatial regions respectively;
the characteristic II is that,
at least one volume compensator with a shell, the whole or most of the outer surface of which is connected to B 2 Contacting materials;
the feature III is that the characteristic III is,
b is 1 And B 2 The material has at least one of the following three characteristics:
(1) The first characteristic is that,
b is 2 The end of the flowable state of the material being later than or equal to B 1 Flowable state knot of materialBeam time earlier than B 1 The moment when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs; or,
b is described 2 The flowable state of the material ending later than or equal to B 1 The time when the turning point of the material volume shrinkage occurs;
(2) The characteristic B is that,
there is at least one time period during which, with B 1 Comparison of materials, B 2 The material has relatively high fluidity;
(3) The third characteristic is that,
b is described 1 And B 2 The material has at least one of the following characteristics
(i) When B is present 1 When the material is in the flowable state stage, in one time period, a plurality of time periods or all stages thereof, the B 1 Or/and B 2 The material is under the action of compressive stress;
(ii) When said B is 1 During the solidification process of the material from the flowable state to the solid state, the B is in one period, or a plurality of periods, or all stages 1 Or/and B 2 The material is under the action of compressive stress or prepressing stress;
(iii) When said B is 1 After the material has set, B 1 The material is under the action of compressive stress or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress; or/and, said B 2 The material is under the action of compressive stress or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress;
(iv) When said B is 1 And B 2 After the materials are all solidified, B 1 The material is under the action of compressive stress or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress; or/and, said B 2 The material is subjected to compressive or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress.
36. A method according to any one of claims 25 or 28 to 30, wherein in the cavity enclosed by part a there is a B 1 、B 2 And B 3 Three part B materials, when M =3; b is 1 、B 2 And B 2 The materials respectively occupying different amountsA spatial region;
the method has at least one of the following three characteristics of methyl, ethyl and propyl,
the characteristic A is that,
at least one volume compensator with shell and B 3 Contacting materials; when said B is 3 When the material is in a flowable state, if B 1 Or/and B 2 The material shrinks in volume, and the pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with the shell pushes the material B in contact with the material 3 The material flows out of the holes of the supporting shell and fills B 1 Or/and B 2 The shrinkage volume of the material.
(II) the characteristic B is that,
b is 1 、B 2 And B 3 The material has one of the following three characteristics:
(1) Feature 1
a. B is described 2 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than B 1 The time when the turning point of the material volume shrinkage occurs; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
b. b is 3 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than B 2 The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B 2 Before the time when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs;
(2) Feature 2
a. B is 2 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than B 1 The time when the turning point of the material volume shrinkage occurs; or/and (c) the first and/or second,
b. b is 3 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than B 2 The time when the turning point of the material volume shrinkage occurs;
(3) Feature 3
a. B is 2 The flowable state of the part of the material ending later than or equal to B 1 The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B 1 The moment when the volume shrinkage turning point of the material occurs; and/or the first and/or second light sources,
b. b is 3 The end of the flowable state of the material being later than or equal to B 2 The flowable state of the material ends earlier than B 2 MaterialThe moment of occurrence of the volume contraction turning point;
(III) the third characteristic is that,
b is 1 、B 2 And B 3 The material has at least one of the following properties,
(i) When B is present 1 When the material is in the flowable state stage, in one time period, a plurality of time periods or all stages thereof, the material is in B 1 、B 2 And B 3 At least one of the materials is under compressive stress;
(ii) When said B is 1 During the solidification of the material from the flowable state into the solid state, during one or more of the time periods or the whole phase, at B 1 、B 2 And B 3 At least one of the materials is under the action of compressive stress or prepressing stress;
(iii) When said B is 1 After the material has set, at B 1 、B 2 And B 3 At least one material in the materials is under the action of compressive stress or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress;
(iv) When said B is 1 、B 2 And B 3 After the material has completely solidified, at B 1 、B 2 And B 3 At least one of the materials is subjected to compressive stress or pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress.
CN202210988310.3A 2021-08-17 2022-08-17 Composite structure, volume compensation device with shell and manufacturing method Pending CN115704234A (en)

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GB932628A (en) * 1961-05-30 1963-07-31 Marley Concrete Ltd Improvements in or relating to expansible and contractible cores for moulding mouldable materials, such as concrete
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