CN115703454A - 混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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CN115703454A
CN115703454A CN202210653907.2A CN202210653907A CN115703454A CN 115703454 A CN115703454 A CN 115703454A CN 202210653907 A CN202210653907 A CN 202210653907A CN 115703454 A CN115703454 A CN 115703454A
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engine
motor
oil pump
clutch
torque
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谭国栋
小野本敦
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/30—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/02—Clutches
    • B60W2710/027—Clutch torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
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  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
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Abstract

混合动力车辆包括：作为驱动动力源的发动机和电动机；液压型离合器，设置在发动机与电动机之间；电动油泵，将液压供应至离合器；机械油泵，与电动机的旋转互锁并且将液压供应至离合器；以及控制器，控制电动机和电动油泵，其中控制器包括：第一控制单元，当发动机和电动机停止且存在起动发动机的请求时，通过驱动电动油泵将离合器的传递转矩容量增大至第一转矩值；以及第二控制单元，在传递转矩容量达到第一转矩值之后，通过驱动电动机来发动发动机，并且通过驱动与电动机的旋转互锁的机械油泵来使传递转矩容量增大至大于第一转矩值的第二转矩值。

Description

混合动力车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力车辆。
背景技术
混合动力车辆包括：电动油泵，其将液压供应至位于作为驱动动力源的发动机(engine)和电动机(electric motor)之间的液压类型的离合器，以及机械油泵，其与电动机的旋转互锁并且将液压供应至离合器。当在这种混合动力车辆中发动机起动时，液压通过电动油泵供应至离合器，这使离合器进入接合状态。随后，在电动机发动发动机的同时，通过机械油泵将液压供应至离合器(例如，参见第2019-209790号日本未审查的专利申请公开)。
作为驱动动力源的电动机能够发动发动机。因此，电动机具有大输出转矩。与具有这种大输出转矩的电动机的旋转互锁的机械油泵能够将高液压供应至离合器，并且能够极大增大离合器的传递转矩容量。这里，如果在发动开始前电动油泵将离合器的传递转矩容量增大至与机械油泵增大离合器的传递转矩容量相同的水平，则电动油泵的电力消耗可能增大。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供抑制电动油泵的电力消耗并且能够适当地起动发动机的混合动力车辆。
上述目的通过混合动力车辆实现，该混合动力车辆包括：作为驱动动力源的发动机和电动机；液压型离合器，设置在发动机与电动机之间；电动油泵，将液压供应至离合器；机械油泵，与电动机的旋转互锁并且将液压供应至离合器；以及控制器，控制电动机和电动油泵，其中控制器包括：第一控制单元，当发动机和电动机停止且存在起动发动机的请求时，通过驱动电动油泵将离合器的传递转矩容量增大至第一转矩值；以及第二控制单元，在传递转矩容量达到第一转矩值之后，通过驱动电动机来发动发动机，并且通过驱动与电动机的旋转互锁的机械油泵来使传递转矩容量增大至大于第一转矩值的第二转矩值。
第二控制单元可以在逐渐增大电动机的输出转矩的同时使传递转矩容量增大至第二转矩值。
第一转矩值的大小可以是第二转矩值的大小的50％或更小。
第一转矩值可以小于当电动机发动发动机时发动机的反作用力转矩值，以及第二转矩值可以大于反作用力转矩值。
本发明的效果
根据本发明，能够提供抑制电动油泵的电力消耗并且能够适当地起动发动机的混合动力车辆。
附图说明
图1是混合动力车辆的示意性配置视图；
图2是比较示例中起动发动机时的时序图；
图3是本实施例中起动发动机时的时序图；以及
图4是示出本实施例中发动机起动控制的示例的流程图。
具体实施方式
[混合动力车辆的示意性配置]
图1是混合动力车辆1的示意性配置视图。混合动力车辆1配备有作为驱动动力源的发动机10和电动机15。发动机10例如是汽油发动机，但也可以是柴油发动机。变速单元11设置在从发动机10至车轮13的动力传递路径上。变速单元11和左右车轮13经由差动齿轮12被驱动并连接。
变速单元11设置有K0离合器14和电动机15。在变速单元11中，电动机15位于从发动机10至车轮13的动力传递路径上。
K0离合器14设置在动力传递路径上的发动机10与电动机15之间。在K0离合器14中，通过从电动油泵23和机械油泵24供应的液压油的液压，离合器活塞克服复位弹簧的作用力而移动。离合器活塞将两个可旋转摩擦片中的一个向另一个按压。结果，在摩擦片之间生成摩擦，从而不相对于彼此旋转，使得摩擦片彼此接合。在此，作用在两个摩擦片之间的摩擦力根据供应至K0离合器14的液压油的液压而改变，这改变了能够在两个摩擦片之间传递的传递转矩容量。即，K0离合器14的传递转矩容量随着供应至K0离合器14的液压的增大而增大。当K0离合器14处于接合状态时，发动机10和电动机15彼此接合，从而在它们之间传递动力。当停止向K0离合器14供应液压时，K0离合器14被断开。结果，发动机10与电动机15之间的动力传递被切断。
电动机15经由逆变器17连接至主电池16。电动机15用作响应于从主电池16供应的电力而生成车辆的驱动力的电动机。电动机15还用作响应于来自发动机10和车轮13的动力传递而生成电力以对主电池16充电的发电机。在电动机15和主电池16之间发送和接收的电力由逆变器17调节。
辅助电池16a经由DC/DC转换器17a连接至主电池16。DC/DC转换器17a降低主电池16的高电压电力并且将低电压电力输出至辅助电池16a。辅助电池16a是诸如铅蓄电池的二次电池。辅助电池16a由DC/DC转换器17a输出的低压电力来充电。辅助电池16a向车辆的辅助设备供应低压电力。辅助设备包括稍后将描述的电动油泵23、空调压缩机、车头灯等。
变速单元11设置有转矩转换器18和自动变速器19。转矩转换器18是具有转矩放大功能的流体耦合器。自动变速器19是通过切换齿轮级以阶梯方式切换齿轮比的有级自动变速器。在变速单元11中，自动变速器19设置在动力传递路径上的电动机15和车轮13之间。转矩转换器18的泵叶轮18a连接至电动机15并经由K0离合器14连接至发动机10。转矩转换器18的涡轮叶轮18b连接至自动变速器19。转矩转换器18设置有锁止离合器20。锁止离合器20接收液压，从而进入接合状态，以直接连接电动机15和自动变速器19。
进一步地，变速单元11设置有液压控制机构22、电动油泵23、以及机械油泵24。由电动油泵23和机械油泵24生成的液压经由液压控制机构22供应至K0离合器14、转矩转换器18、自动变速器19和锁止离合器20中的每一者。液压控制机构22设置有针对K0离合器14、转矩转换器18、自动变速器19以及锁止离合器20中的每一者的液压回路、以及用于控制向它们供应的液压的各种液压控制阀。
电动油泵23通过接收从辅助电池16a供应的电力来驱动，并且将液压供应至K0离合器14等。机械油泵24连接至转矩转换器18的泵叶轮18a。泵叶轮18a连接至电动机15。因此，泵叶轮18a也伴随电动机15的旋转而旋转。结果，机械油泵24被驱动，并且液压被供应至K0离合器14等。当发动机10由电动机15通过发动而被起动时，稍后详细描述的电动油泵23和机械油泵24将液压供应至K0离合器14以保持K0离合器14的接合状态。
混合动力车辆1设置有电子控制单元(Electronic Control Unit，ECU)30。ECU 30是包括执行与车辆行驶控制相关的各种运算处理的运算处理电路和存储控制程序和数据的存储器的电子控制单元。ECU 30是控制器的示例，并且在功能上实现如稍后将详细描述的第一控制单元和第二控制单元。
ECU 30控制发动机10和电动机15的驱动。例如，ECU 30通过控制发动机10的节流阀打开程度、点火时刻和燃料喷射量来控制发动机10的转矩。此外，ECU 30控制逆变器17以调节在电动机15和主电池16之间发送和接收的电力的量，从而控制电动机15的转矩。此外，ECU 30通过控制液压控制机构22来控制K0离合器14、锁止离合器20和自动变速器19的驱动。ECU 30被输入有来自点火开关31、检测发动机10的转速的发动机转速传感器32以及作为驾驶员对油门踏板的踏入量的油门开度的检测信号。
ECU 30能够通过控制电动油泵23的驱动来供应液压至K0离合器14。此外，ECU30能够通过控制电动机15的输出转矩来控制通过机械油泵24供应至K0离合器14的液压。
[比较示例中起动发动机]
随后，将描述比较示例中的发动机10的起动。图2是比较示例中起动发动机10时的时序图。图2示出供应液压P[Pa]、传递转矩容量Tc[N·m]、电动机输出转矩Tm[N·m]、以及发动机反作用转矩Te[N·m]的转变。在图2中，纵轴表示转矩和油压，横轴表示时间。在此，供应液压P是供应至K0离合器14的液压油的压力。传递转矩容量Tc是能够通过K0离合器14在发动机10与电动机15之间传递的转矩的大小。电动机输出转矩Tm是从电动机15输出的转矩。发动机反作用转矩Te将在后面描述。此外，在图2中，供应液压P由长虚线表示，传递转矩容量Tc由实线表示，电动机输出转矩Tm由点虚线表示，并且发动机反作用转矩Te由交替的长短划线表示。
发动机反作用转矩Te是当电动机15发动并且起动停止的发动机10时起作用以减小发动机10的转速的负转矩。发动机反作用转矩Te主要由当空气被发动机10的活塞压缩时生成的反作用力、在使旋转物体加速时生成的惯性转矩、以及每个旋转部分的拖曳转矩组成。当电动机15发动发动机10时，发动机反作用转矩Te随着发动机10的转速增大而增大。发动机反作用转矩Te紧接在发动机10中的燃烧以预定转速或更高转速开始之前达到最大值Tem。之后，发动机10开始以自我持续的方式驱动，并且发动机反作用转矩Te逐渐减小至零。因此，为了通过电动机15起动发动机10，电动机输出转矩Tm需要大于发动机反作用转矩Te的最大值Tem。
如图2所示，当点火开关31开启时，电动油泵23在发动机10和电动机15停止的情况下被驱动，然后供应至K0离合器14的液压P开始增大(时间t1)。之后，离合器活塞克服K0离合器14的复位弹簧的作用力而开始驱动(时刻t2)，然后供应液压P变得基本上恒定。之后，K0离合器14的离合器活塞将两个摩擦片中的一个向另一个按压(时刻t3)，K0离合器14的摩擦片彼此接触，这使K0离合器14成为接合状态，然后供应液压P增大至最大值Pm(时刻t4)。结果，传递转矩容量Tc也增大至最大值Tcm。在此，如图2所示，最大值Tcm大于发动机反作用转矩Te的最大值Tem。换言之，供应液压P增大至最大值Pm，使得传递转矩容量Tc的最大值Tcm变得大于发动机反作用转矩Te的最大值Tem。
之后，电动机15起动，电动机输出转矩Tm增大至用于发动发动机10的目标转矩Tmt，然后经由K0离合器14发动机10开始被发动(时刻t5)。结果，通过电动油泵23和与电动机15的旋转互锁的机械油泵24，供应液压P保持在最大值Pm。此外，将电动机输出转矩Tm的目标转矩Tmt设定为大于发动机反作用转矩Te的最大值Tem的值。因此，当电动机15发动发动机10并且其转速达到发动机10能够以自我持续的方式驱动的转速时，开始燃料喷射和点火(时间t6)，然后发动机10起动，这逐渐减小发动机反作用转矩Te。
在上述比较示例中，在电动机15开始发动发动机10之前，电动油泵23将传递转矩容量Tc增大至最大值Tcm。因此，电动油泵23的电力消耗大。
[本实施例中起动发动机]
图3是本实施例中起动发动机10时的时序图。图3对应于图2。在本实施例中，电动油泵23将供应液压P增大至小于上述最大值Pm的值Pn。因此，传递转矩容量Tc增大至小于比较例中例示的最大值Tcm的值Tcn。此外，尽管传递转矩容量Tc的值Tcn使K0离合器14在发动机10和电动机15停止的情况下进入接合状态，但该值Tcn小于发动机反作用转矩Te的最大值Tem。假设当传递转矩容量Tc保持在值Tcn时不驱动机械油泵24而发动开始，则当发动机反作用转矩Te变为值Tcn或更大时，K0离合器14可能滑移。因此，难以将发动机10的转速增大至发动机10能够以自我持续的方式驱动的转速。值Tcn是第一转矩值的示例。
在像比较示例那样，本实施例中同样地，电动油泵23驱动并增大供应液压P(时刻t1)，K0离合器14的活塞开始驱动(时刻t2)，然后活塞将两个摩擦片中的一个向另一个按压(时刻t3)。之后，K0离合器14的摩擦片彼此接触，这使K0离合器14进入接合状态(时刻t4)。在此，在本实施例中，如上所述，电动油泵23使供应液压P增大至值Pn，并且传递转矩容量Tc也增大至值Tcn。
之后，当电动机15开始发动发动机10时(时刻t5)，与比较示例相比，在本实施例中，电动机输出转矩Tm以逐渐增大的速率增大至目标转矩Tmt。具体地，尽管电动机输出转矩Tm和传递转矩容量Tc保持为分别大于发动机反作用转矩Te，但电动机输出转矩Tm逐渐增大至目标转矩Tmt。传递转矩容量Tc保持为大于发动机反作用转矩Te，这使得能够防止K0离合器14滑移。此外，电动机输出转矩Tm保持为大于发动机反作用转矩Te，这使得能够适当地发动发动机10。结果，在发动机10发动的同时，电动油泵23和机械油泵24将供应液压P增大至最大值Pm，传递转矩容量Tc也增大至最大值Tcm。
当发动机10的转速增大到发动机10能够以自我持续的方式驱动的转速时，执行燃料喷射和点火以开始发动机10中的燃烧(时刻t6)，然后发动机反作用转矩Te逐渐减小。
在如上所述的本实施例中，即使当电动油泵23将传递转矩容量Tc仅增大至值Tcn时，电动机15也发动和起动发动机10。因此，能够抑制电动油泵23的电力消耗。例如，代替电动油泵23，可以因此使用能够将传递转矩容量Tc仅增大至值Tcn的低输出电动油泵或小型电动油泵。通过使用低功率电动油泵，能够抑制其制造成本。此外，通过使用小型电动油泵，能够抑制混合动力车辆1中由其占据的空间。
附加地，传递转矩容量Tc的值Tcn优选为传递转矩容量Tc的最大值Tcm的50％或更小。这能够有效地抑制电动油泵23的电力消耗。
此外，在如上所述的本实施例中，与比较示例相比，电动机输出转矩Tm逐渐增大，使得已经发动的发动机10的转速也逐渐增大。这能够将发动机反作用转矩Te的最大值Tem抑制得较低。特别地，这能够将发动机10的惯性转矩抑制得较低。因此能够防止K0离合器14在发动期间滑移，并且抑制由发动而消耗的电动机15的电力消耗。
此外，在电动机15起动之后，传递转矩容量Tc和电动机输出转矩Tm中的每一者可以保持为大于发动机反作用转矩Te，并且电动机输出转矩Tm的目标转矩Tmt可以设定为更小的值。因此，能够进一步抑制由于发动而引起的电动机15的电力消耗。
在图3的示例中，传递转矩容量Tc的值Tcn小于发动机反作用转矩Te的最大值Tem，但不限于此。例如，只要传递转矩容量Tc的值Tcn小于最大值Tcm，则传递转矩容量Tc的值Tcn可以大于发动机反作用转矩Te的最大值Tem。在这种情况下，与电动油泵23将传递转矩容量Tc增大至最大值Tcm的比较示例相比，同样也能够抑制电动油泵23的电力消耗。
在图3的示例中，电动机输出转矩Tm到目标转矩Tmt的增大率是恒定的，但不限于此。当电动机输出转矩Tm增大时，可以改变增大速率。
图4是示出本实施例中的发动机起动控制的示例的流程图。在点火开关31接通的情况下，重复执行该控制。ECU 30判定发动机10和电动机15是否停止(步骤S1)。当在步骤S1中作出否定判定时，该控制结束。当在步骤S1中作出肯定判定时，ECU 30判定是否存在起动发动机10的请求(步骤S2)。当在步骤S2中作出否定判定时，该控制结束。
当在步骤S2中作出肯定判定时，ECU 30驱动电动油泵23(步骤S3)，并且判定从当电动油泵23的驱动的时刻起是否已经过预定时间(步骤S4)。在此，预定时间是从当电动油泵23开始驱动的时刻至当K0离合器14进入接合状态并且传递转矩容量Tc达到值Tcn的时刻所需的时间。该预定时间是基于实验结果预先计算的，并且存储在ECU 30的存储器中。当在步骤S4中作出否定判定时，继续步骤S3的处理。步骤S3和S4是由第一控制单元执行的处理的示例。
当在步骤S4中做出肯定判定时，ECU 30通过使用电动机15开始发动发动机10(步骤S5)。具体地，如图3所示，电动机输出转矩Tm逐渐增大至目标转矩Tmt，以保持电动机输出转矩Tm和传递转矩容量Tc分别大于发动机反作用转矩Te。此时的电动机输出转矩Tm的增大率被设定为基于实验结果而预先计算的值。步骤S5是由第二控制单元执行的处理的示例。
ECU 30判定发动机10的转速是否超过阈值(步骤S6)。阈值设定为发动机10能够以自我持续的方式驱动的转速。当在步骤S6中作出否定判定时，步骤S5的处理继续。当在步骤S6中作出肯定判定时，ECU 30执行发动机10中的燃料喷射和点火以开始燃烧(步骤S7)。因此，发动机10以自我持续的方式起动。以这种方式，能够抑制电动油泵23的电力消耗，并适当地起动发动机10。
在本实施例中，例示了由单个ECU 30执行发动机起动控制的情况，但不限于此。例如，发动机起动控制可以通过控制发动机10的发动机ECU、控制电动机15的电动机ECU、控制K0离合器14的离合器ECU、以及控制这些ECU的混合动力ECU来执行。
虽然已经详细描述了本发明的一些实施例，但是本发明不限于具体实施例，而是可以在如所要求保护的本发明的范围之内进行改变或变化。

Claims (4)

1.混合动力车辆，包括：
作为驱动动力源的发动机和电动机；
液压型离合器，设置在所述发动机与所述电动机之间；
电动油泵，将液压供应至所述离合器；
机械油泵，与所述电动机的旋转互锁并且将液压供应至所述离合器；以及
控制器，控制所述电动机和所述电动油泵，
其中，
所述控制器包括：
第一控制单元，当所述发动机和所述电动机停止且存在起动所述发动机的请求时，通过驱动所述电动油泵将所述离合器的传递转矩容量增大至第一转矩值；以及
第二控制单元，在所述传递转矩容量达到所述第一转矩值之后，通过驱动所述电动机来发动所述发动机，并且通过驱动与所述电动机的旋转互锁的所述机械油泵来使所述传递转矩容量增大至大于所述第一转矩值的第二转矩值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，其中，所述第二控制单元在逐渐增大所述电动机的输出转矩的同时使所述传递转矩容量增大至所述第二转矩值。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车辆，其中，所述第一转矩值的大小是所述第二转矩值的大小的50％或更小。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的混合动力车辆，其中，
所述第一转矩值小于当所述电动机发动所述发动机时所述发动机的反作用力转矩值，以及
所述第二转矩值大于所述反作用力转矩值。
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