CN115693732A - Battery energy storage system integrating PWM and transformer circuits and control method - Google Patents
Battery energy storage system integrating PWM and transformer circuits and control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a battery energy storage system integrating PWM and a transformer circuit and a control method, wherein the battery energy storage system comprises: the battery management system, the battery module matrix and the integrated buck-boost conversion and switching module provide a controllable power interface between the battery module and a load. The technical scheme is automatically reconfigured to operate in different working modes, the ES system discharges electricity to meet the load requirement, the standby power supply discharges electricity to meet the load requirement, and the charging and discharging control and balance control among the battery modules in the ES system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery energy storage, in particular to a battery energy storage system integrating a PWM (pulse width modulation) circuit and a transformer circuit and a control method.
Background
Battery Energy Storage (ES) technology provides a wide range of power and energy densities making it suitable for mobile applications and fixed mass storage applications. The development of the battery ES is strongly promoted by the demand for energy storage of electric vehicles and power grids, and meanwhile, the technical cost of the battery is also obviously reduced. In application, a single battery has low voltage and low current capacity, and cannot meet the application requirements of an energy storage system, and most of ES systems have a plurality of series-parallel modules, wherein each module consists of a plurality of series-parallel units. Typically, a dc-dc converter is used to provide a controllable power interface between the battery module and the load. However, in the conventional fixedly-connected ES system, the series-connected battery modules have different properties and operating conditions, and their states of charge (SoC) of the battery modules deviate even under the same current. In detail, in the discharging process, if the battery cells are discharged to the cut-off voltage in the series-connected battery module, the entire battery module cannot provide energy for the load; similarly, in the charging process, if a certain battery cell in the series battery modules reaches the full-charge voltage, the whole battery module should not charge the battery module; thereby reducing the effective use capacity of the battery module and the ES system. In order to fully utilize the capacity of the battery ES system and prolong the service life of the ES, a method and a system for controlling charging/discharging and balancing based on module modules are needed.
To enable SoC balancing between battery modules, either by introducing additional balancing circuits between the modules or by providing an individually controlled dc-dc converter for each battery module, but both methods require a large number of additional components. In order to reduce the volume, weight and cost and realize the implementation of light-weight and integrated ES design, there are studies that propose the application of battery systems with integrated or reconfigurable converters, such as: an integrated charger based on a bidirectional dc/dc load converter, a four-wheel drive dc-dc discharge load integrated design and the like. However, the above topology circuit design employs integration of two different converters, integration of a charger with a load converter or an equalizer with a load converter, and implementation of a boost converter using a reconfigurable inductor, in which case the size and volume of the ES are difficult to achieve in light weight.
Chinese patent document CN105449740B discloses an active equalization control system and a control method for an energy storage lithium battery. The battery pack balancing system comprises a battery system, a sampling module, a control module and a balancing module, wherein the control module is used for receiving information of the battery system collected by the sampling module, obtaining the highest single battery voltage and the lowest single battery voltage of the battery system, calculating the average voltage of each group of batteries, obtaining the difference value between the highest average voltage battery pack and the lowest average voltage battery pack in the grouped batteries, comparing the difference between the highest single battery voltage and the lowest single battery voltage with a preset value, and combining the preset voltage value of the highest single battery voltage to perform balancing in advance or immediately balancing or static balancing, thereby prolonging the service life of the battery. The bidirectional flyback DC-DC module applied by the technical scheme can not realize other functions such as battery topology reconstruction, charging and discharging of a battery energy storage system, load feeding and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems that the original technical scheme can not realize battery topology reconstruction, charging and discharging of a battery energy storage system and load feeding, and provides a battery energy storage system integrating a PWM (pulse width modulation) circuit and a transformer circuit and a control method.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme:
a battery energy storage system integrating PWM and transformer circuits, comprising:
the battery management system is used for analyzing the battery state and load information, issuing an instruction and connecting the instruction with the integrated reconfigurable buck-boost conversion and switching module;
the battery module matrix is used for storing energy of the battery and is connected with the electric integrated reconfigurable buck-boost conversion and switching module;
the integrated reconfigurable buck-boost conversion and switching module controls the MOSFET to perform energy storage conversion of power conversion through the microprocessor, and correspondingly realizes different working modes of the energy storage system.
The system has the following functional modules:
battery management and control system: the BMS monitors the SOC, voltage, current, and temperature of each unit/module and provides data to the control system to manage overall performance. The control system controls the balancer, the load converter, and the charger in cooperation with the BMS.
The battery balance control function is as follows: in a series battery system, the batteries within a module may not have the same characteristics, and the lowest capacity battery limits the charge and discharge limits of the module. To improve the performance of the battery module, an inter-module balun is used to equalize the state of charge (SOC) of all the cells within the module ]. Also, to improve overall battery system performance, an inter-module equalizer converter is typically run in the background to ensure that all modules are at the same level of SOC.
The load conversion function: in most applications, it is not feasible to connect the battery ES system directly to the load. Therefore, a converter is placed between the battery system and the load to provide a variable voltage and current. Depending on the application, the load converter may include regenerative capability.
A charge-discharge circuit: the charger is used to charge the battery system from an external power source. There are a variety of charger designs for different applications and battery types.
Preferably, the integrated reconfigurable buck-boost conversion and switching module is matched with a battery module matrix to form a topology reconfiguration circuit, the topology reconfiguration circuit comprises a battery module B1, a battery module B2, a battery module B3 and a battery module B4 which are sequentially connected, the positive electrode of the battery module B1 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube S1, the negative electrode of the battery module B1 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery module B2, the positive electrode of the battery module B2 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube S2 and the source electrode of the MOS tube S5, the negative electrode of the battery module B2 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery module B3, the positive electrode of the battery module B3 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube S3 and the source electrode of the MOS tube S6, the negative electrode of the battery module B3 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery module B4, the positive electrode of the battery module B4 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube S4 and the source electrode of the MOS tube S7, the negative electrode of the battery module B4 is connected with the negative electrode of the diode C2, the MOS tube S1, the MOS tube S2, the MOS tube S3, the MOS tube S4 and the source electrode of the MOS tube S9 are connected with the positive electrode of the diode C2, the positive electrode of the diode C2 is connected with one end of the coil L through the load R1 and the capacitor D1 which are connected in parallel, the drain electrode of the MOS tube S9 is connected with one end of the coil L, the other end of the coil L is respectively connected with the MOS tube S5, the MOS tube S6, the MOS tube S7 and the drain electrode of the MOS tube S8, the drain electrode of the MOS tube S1 is respectively connected with the positive electrode of the diode C1 and the positive electrode of the power supply, the negative electrode of the power supply is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube S10, and the negative electrode of the MOS tube S10 is respectively connected with the other end of the coil L.
In the integrated reconfigurable buck-boost conversion and switching module, the topology reconfiguration circuit consists of a battery module, a triode switching device MOSFET and an inductance coil. The input end of the triode switch device is connected with the battery management system, the high level (1) represents that the triode switch device can be conducted, and the low level (0) represents that the triode switch device is disconnected; the inductance coil L is used for eliminating the surge current generated by the battery reconfigurable circuit in the switching process, and has a protection effect on the battery ES system and the load.
Preferably, the gates of the MOS transistors S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 and S10 are connected to the microprocessor of the battery management system.
The battery management system is connected with the integrated reconfigurable buck-boost conversion switching module and the battery matrix module through data lines, battery running state information and dynamic load information are sent to a battery management system microcontroller module, and a microcontroller makes control instructions of battery charging and discharging, load feeding and SoC balancing on the basis of analyzing battery states and load information.
The two ends of the battery module are respectively connected with the input end and the output end of the two MOSFETs, the MOSFETs are controlled by the microprocessor to perform energy storage conversion of power conversion, the MOSFETs are controlled to perform rectification of power output within a switching frequency by the duty ratio of voltage conduction, and charging and discharging balance compensation of voltage rising/dropping is realized. Besides, the microprocessor can correspondingly realize different working modes of the energy storage system by controlling the on/off of the MOSFET, such as: SOC balance control, charging of the energy storage system by an external power supply, power supply of the load by the battery ES system and direct power supply of the external power supply for preventing the energy storage ES system from failing.
A control method of a battery energy storage system integrating PWM and a transformer circuit comprises the following steps:
s1, the microprocessor obtains load information;
s2, the microprocessor controls the switch array to obtain corresponding battery topology connection;
s3, the microprocessor calculates the relation between the battery module and the load voltage to obtain the conduction ratio D when the battery module is subjected to PWM control;
and s4, the microprocessor executes a corresponding battery topology connection control instruction and performs PWM control to obtain the required output voltage.
Controlling a switch array in a battery matrix module by a microprocessor, controlling the switching on of the switches to control the change of the battery connection topology, and controlling the on-ratio of the battery module
The control of the battery module is realized by the control of the output voltage of the battery module (wherein T is the time period of PWM control, and T is the time of the battery module and the load in one period T), and finally the matching of the battery energy storage system and the load voltage or the battery equalizing charging voltage is realized. ) The specific PWM control method comprises the following steps: v out ＝D×V Module In which V is out The output voltage of the battery module is controlled by PWM.
Preferably, the step s2 defines a plurality of battery cells formed by the battery as a battery module, and the output voltage of the battery module is V Module Load voltage V load The battery module voltage is greater than the load voltage, namely: v Module ≥V Load 。
Preferably, the step s4 includes a balancing control mode for transferring energy from the high SOC battery module to the low SOC module, and specifically includes:
energy balance among the single battery modules: switches S3 and S7 are turned on, thereby providing a path for energy transfer; firstly, conducting S6, and transferring energy to an inductor L by the high SOC battery module B4; disconnecting S6, conducting S4, and transferring energy from the inductor L to the module B3;
energy balance from the single battery module to the multiple battery modules: switches S3 and S7 are always on, providing an energy transfer path; firstly, the switch S6 is conducted, and the high SOC module B4 transfers energy to the inductor L; turning off S6, energy will be transferred from the inductor to the modules B2 and B3.
Preferably, the step s4 includes an external power supply charging mode, and specifically includes: the topological structure and the switching action are based on the concept of a buck converter, the converter works as a buck converter, the duty ratio is determined by a control system of a switch S10, and when the switch S10 is switched on, the inductor starts to charge; when the switch S10 is turned off, the entire battery module is charged through the diode d.
Preferably, the step s4 includes a mode in which the battery ES supplies power to the load, and specifically includes:
when the reconfigurable battery ES system supplies power to a load, a switch S7 and an inductor L provide Boost operation, input voltage is managed according to PWM through different reconfigurable modes of S1-S6, and different voltage outputs are realized through on/off control on-and-off occupation ratios of the switch S7;
when the battery energy storage systems S1-S6 fail, there is a free path for the inductor to discharge energy and thus avoid damage to the circuit, and a free spinning path is used to return inductive energy to all battery modules.
Preferably, the step s4 includes a mode in which the external power supply supplies power to the load, that is, an uninterruptible power supply mode, when the battery ES system fails, the external power supply starts to operate and provides power for the load, and the operation mode changes or maintains the battery system without interrupting the load, and specifically includes:
when the switch S1 is switched on and the switch S7 is switched off, the buck voltage reduction circuit is formed by the reconstructed topology at the moment to supply power to the load, and the on-off control on the switch S8 controls the on-off occupancy ratio to realize different voltage outputs and match with the load voltage requirements;
when the switches S1 and S7 are kept conducted, the boost circuit formed by the reconstructed circuit topology supplies power to the load, and similarly, the on-off control of the switch S8 controls the conducting occupancy ratio to realize different voltage outputs and match with the load voltage requirements.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the topological structure shares a semiconductor device and an inductor in different working modes to make the topological structure compact, and simultaneously provides a redundancy mode to improve the reliability and minimize the pressure of a battery in a charging and discharging period.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a battery energy storage system incorporating PWM and buck/boost circuits of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a topology reconstruction of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a topological connection diagram of Soc equalization control among the cell modules according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a topological connection diagram of Soc equalization control between a single battery module and a plurality of battery modules according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of an external power charging mode according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of switching the duty ratio determined by the switch and the control system of the Boost conversion circuit according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a diagram of a free movement path of current between a battery module and an inductor according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a circuit diagram of a buck circuit for feeding a load from an external power source according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a circuit diagram of an external power supply feeding a load boost according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example (b): in the battery energy storage system integrating the PWM and transformer circuits and the control method thereof according to the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the main physical components of the integrated battery ES system include: the battery management system, the battery module matrix and the integrated buck-boost conversion and switching module provide a controllable power interface between the battery module and a load. The battery management system is connected with the integrated reconfigurable buck-boost conversion switching module and the battery matrix module through data lines, battery running state information and dynamic load information are sent to a battery management system microcontroller module, and a microcontroller makes control instructions of battery charging and discharging, load feeding and SoC balancing on the basis of analyzing battery states and load information.
The two ends of the battery module are respectively connected with the input end and the output end of the two MOSFETs, the MOSFETs are controlled by the microprocessor to perform energy storage conversion of power conversion, the MOSFETs are controlled to perform rectification of power output within a switching frequency by the duty ratio of voltage conduction, and charging and discharging balance compensation of voltage rising/dropping is realized. Besides, the microprocessor can correspondingly realize different working modes of the energy storage system by controlling the on/off of the MOSFET, such as: SOC balance control, charging of the energy storage system by an external power supply, power supply of the load by the battery ES system and direct power supply of the external power supply for preventing the energy storage ES system from failing.
In the integrated reconfigurable buck-boost conversion and switching module, the topology reconfiguration circuit consists of a battery module, a triode switching device MOSFET and an inductance coil. The input end of the triode switch device is connected with the battery management system, the high level (1) represents that the triode switch device can be conducted, and the low level (0) represents that the triode switch device is disconnected; the inductance coil L is used for eliminating the surge current generated by the battery reconfigurable circuit in the switching process, and has a protection effect on the battery ES system and the load.
The integrated reconfigurable buck-boost conversion and switching module is matched with a battery module matrix to form a topology reconfiguration circuit, the topology reconfiguration circuit comprises a battery module B1, a battery module B2, a battery module B3 and a battery module B4 which are sequentially connected, the anode of the battery module B1 is connected with the drain electrode of an MOS tube S1, the cathode of the battery module B1 is connected with the anode of the battery module B2, the anode of the battery module B2 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube S2 and the source electrode of an MOS tube S5, the cathode of the battery module B2 is connected with the anode of the battery module B3, the anode of the battery module B3 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube S3 and the source electrode of an MOS tube S6, and the cathode of the battery module B3 is connected with the anode of the battery module B4, the positive electrode of the battery module B4 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube S4 and the source electrode of the MOS tube S7, the negative electrode of the battery module B4 is connected with the negative electrode of the diode C2, the MOS tube S1, the MOS tube S2, the MOS tube S3, the MOS tube S4 and the source electrode of the MOS tube S9 are connected with the positive electrode of the diode C2, the positive electrode of the diode C2 is connected with one end of the coil L through the load R1 and the capacitor D1 which are connected in parallel, the drain electrode of the MOS tube S9 is connected with one end of the coil L, the other end of the coil L is respectively connected with the MOS tube S5, the MOS tube S6, the MOS tube S7 and the drain electrode of the MOS tube S8, the drain electrode of the MOS tube S1 is respectively connected with the positive electrode of the diode C1 and the positive electrode of the power supply, the negative electrode of the power supply is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube S10, and the negative electrode of the MOS tube S10 is respectively connected with the other end of the coil L.
The main advantage of the converter is that it can be reconfigured in different modes of operation, load from the battery system, load from the backup power supply, in-module balancing mode and charging mode. Unlike conventional systems, this topology shares the semiconductor device and the inductor in different modes of operation, making it compact. The provided converter has a redundancy mode and a backup mode, and the reliability of the converter is improved. In addition, the proposed topology minimizes the stress on the battery during the charge and discharge cycles.
The invention has the following functional modules:
battery management and control system: the BMS monitors the SOC, voltage, current, and temperature of each unit/module and provides data to the control system to manage overall performance. The control system controls the balancer, the load converter, and the charger in cooperation with the BMS.
The battery balance control function is as follows: in a series battery system, the batteries within a module may not have the same characteristics, and the lowest capacity battery limits the charge and discharge limits of the module. To improve the performance of the battery module, an inter-module balancing converter is used to balance the state of charge (SOC) of all the cells within the module. Also, to improve overall battery system performance, an inter-module equalizer converter is typically run in the background to ensure that all modules are at the same level of SOC.
The load conversion function: in most applications, it is not feasible to connect the battery ES system directly to the load. Therefore, a converter is placed between the battery system and the load to provide a variable voltage and current. Depending on the application, the load converter may include regenerative capability.
A charge-discharge circuit: the charger is used to charge the battery system from an external power source. There are a variety of charger designs for different applications and battery types.
And (3) description of a work flow:
controlling a switch array in a battery matrix module by a microprocessor, controlling the switching on of the switches to control the change of the battery connection topology, and controlling the on-ratio of the battery module
The control of the battery module is realized by the control of the output voltage of the battery module (wherein T is the time period of PWM control, and T is the time of the battery module and the load in one period T), and finally the matching of the battery energy storage system and the load voltage or the battery equalizing charging voltage is realized. )
The specific PWM control method comprises the following steps: v out ＝D×V Module In which V is out The output voltage of the battery module is controlled by PWM.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: the microprocessor obtains load information, mainly including load voltage V load ；
The second step is that: the microprocessor controls the switch array to obtain corresponding battery topology connection, a plurality of battery monomers formed by the batteries are defined as a battery module, and the output voltage of the battery module is V Module . Generally, the battery module voltage is greater than the load voltage, i.e.: v Module ≥V Load ；
The third step: the microprocessor calculates the relation between the battery module and the load voltage to obtain the conduction ratio D when the battery module is subjected to PWM control
The fourth step: and the microprocessor executes a corresponding battery topology connection control instruction and performs PWM control to obtain the required output voltage.
The reconfigurable battery energy storage system realizes voltage control by controlling the on-off of the reconfigurable battery module in the ms-level period, and selects the battery module in a mode of the reconfigurable battery module, so that the damage of a single battery module as power output to a battery monomer for a long time is avoided. The following sections will describe the PWM voltage control and reconfigurable battery module selection for the reconfigurable battery energy storage system.
In the invention, different battery modules can be selectively connected, the MOSFET is controlled by the controller to perform energy storage conversion of power conversion, and the voltage boosting compensation unbalance is compensated by a boosting mode to realize voltage rectification of the battery system, so that the working range of the energy storage system can be increased, and the buck-boost characteristic can be expressed. This is desirable in some applications, such as electric drives and electric vehicles. In order to be able to selectively connect different battery modules of a battery system and obtain a variable and thus input voltage, the present invention selects the use of different battery modules by means of a reconfigurable switching circuit.
The above describes a complete configuration of the proposed integrated reconfigurable topology. For simplicity, only a three-module system is considered. The same concept is also applicable to a larger number of modules, i.e., high voltage battery systems. The entire converter consists of a battery module selector, a boost converter, a mode selector, a regenerative switch, and a charger/backup switch. The mode selector supports reconfiguration and switching between different modes of providing a load, balancing, charging and backup translation topology from an external power source, implementing different controls:
equalization control mode
In the equalization control mode, energy is transferred from a high-SOC battery module to a low-SOC module, i.e., inter-module equalization is achieved, the proposed topology has the capability of energy transfer from one module to another (equalization).
Energy balance among the single battery modules: switches S3 and S7 are always on, providing a path for energy transfer; firstly, conducting S6, and transferring energy to an inductor L by the high SOC battery module B4; s6 is turned off and S4 is turned on, and energy is transferred from the inductor L to the module B3. As shown in fig. 4.
Energy balance from the single battery module to the multiple battery modules: switches S3 and S7 are always on, providing an energy transfer path; firstly, the switch S6 is conducted, and the high SOC module B4 transfers energy to the inductor L; turn off S6 and energy will be transferred from the inductor to the modules B2 and B3. As shown in fig. 5.
The above two balancing control modes are also applicable to other battery modules.
External power charging mode
Charging from the external power mode, shown in figure 6, topology and switching in this mode are based on the concept of a buck converter, which operates as a buck converter, with the duty cycle determined by the control system by switching switch S10. When the switch S10 is switched on, the inductor starts to charge; when the switch S10 is turned off, the entire battery module is charged through the diode d.
Load power supply mode by battery ES
When the reconfigurable battery ES system supplies power to a load, the switch S7 and the inductor L provide Boost operation, input voltage can be managed according to PWM through different reconfigurable modes of S1-S6, and different voltage outputs are realized through on/off control of the switch S7 according to the on-off occupation ratio, as shown in FIG. 7.
When the battery energy storage systems S1-S6 fail, there is always a free path through which energy is released through the inductor to avoid damage to the circuit, and a free spinning path can also be used to return inductive energy to all battery modules, as shown in fig. 8.
External power supply for load power supply mode (UPS)
The external power supply supplies power to the load, i.e., an uninterruptible power supply mode (UPS) that begins operation and provides a feed to the load when the battery ES system fails, which modifies or maintains the battery system without interrupting the load. When the switch S1 is switched on and the switch S7 is switched off, the buck voltage reduction circuit formed by the reconstructed topology at the moment supplies power to the load, the on-off control of the switch S8 controls the on-off occupancy ratio to realize different voltage outputs and match with the load voltage requirements, and the circuit structure is shown in FIG. 9; when the switches S1 and S7 are kept on, the boost circuit composed of reconstructed circuit topology supplies power to the load, and similarly, the on-off control of the switch S8 controls the on-duty ratio to realize different voltage outputs and match with the load voltage requirements, and the circuit structure is as shown in fig. 10.
Claims (9)
1. A battery energy storage system integrating PWM and transformer circuits, comprising:
the battery management system is used for analyzing the battery state and the load information, issuing an instruction and connecting the battery management system with the integrated reconfigurable buck-boost conversion and switching module;
the battery module matrix is used for storing energy of batteries and is connected with the electric integrated reconfigurable buck-boost conversion and switching module;
the reconfigurable buck-boost conversion and switching module is integrated, the energy storage conversion of power conversion is performed by controlling the MOSFET through the microprocessor, and different working modes of the energy storage system are correspondingly realized.
2. The battery energy storage system integrating the PWM and transformer circuits as claimed in claim 1, wherein the integrated reconfigurable buck-boost conversion and switching module is matched with the battery module matrix to form a topology reconfiguration circuit, the topology reconfiguration circuit comprises a battery module B1, a battery module B2, a battery module B3 and a battery module B4 which are connected in sequence, the positive pole of the battery module B1 is connected with the drain of the MOS transistor S1, the negative pole of the battery module B1 is connected with the positive pole of the battery module B2, the positive pole of the battery module B2 is connected with the drain of the MOS transistor S2 and the source of the MOS transistor S5, the negative pole of the battery module B2 is connected with the positive pole of the battery module B3, the positive pole of the battery module B3 is connected with the drain of the MOS transistor S3 and the source of the MOS transistor S6, the cathode of the battery module B3 is connected with the anode of the battery module B4, the anode of the battery module B4 is connected with the drain of the MOS tube S4 and the source of the MOS tube S7, the cathode of the battery module B4 is connected with the cathode of the diode C2, the sources of the MOS tube S1, the MOS tube S2, the MOS tube S3, the MOS tube S4 and the MOS tube S9 are connected with the anode of the diode C2, the anode of the diode C2 is connected with one end of the coil L through the load R1 and the capacitor D1 which are connected in parallel, the drain of the MOS tube S9 is connected with one end of the coil L, the other end of the coil L is connected with the drains of the MOS tube S5, the MOS tube S6, the MOS tube S7 and the MOS tube S8 respectively, the drain of the MOS tube S1 is connected with the anode of the diode C1 and the anode of the power supply respectively, the cathode of the power supply is connected with the drain of the MOS tube S10, and the source of the diode S10 and the cathode of the diode C1 are connected with the other end of the coil L respectively.
3. The battery energy storage system integrating the PWM and transformer circuits according to claim 2, wherein the gates of the MOS transistor S1, the MOS transistor S2, the MOS transistor S3, the MOS transistor S4, the MOS transistor S5, the MOS transistor S6, the MOS transistor S7, the MOS transistor S8, the MOS transistor S9 and the MOS transistor S10 are connected to the microprocessor of the battery management system.
4. A control method of a battery energy storage system integrating PWM and a transformer circuit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, the microprocessor obtains load information;
s2, the microprocessor controls the switch array to obtain corresponding battery topology connection;
s3, the microprocessor calculates the relation between the battery module and the load voltage to obtain the conduction ratio D when the battery module is subjected to PWM control;
and s4, the microprocessor executes a corresponding battery topology connection control instruction and performs PWM control to obtain the required output voltage.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step s2 defines the battery cells as a battery module, and the output voltage of the battery module is V Module Load voltage V load The battery module voltage is greater than the load voltage, namely: v Module ≥V Load 。
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step s4 comprises an equalizing control mode for transferring energy from the high SOC battery module to the low SOC battery module, and comprises:
energy balance among the single battery modules: switches S3 and S7 are turned on, thereby providing a path for energy transfer; firstly, conducting S6, and transferring energy to an inductor L by the high SOC battery module B4; disconnecting S6, conducting S4, and transferring energy from the inductor L to the module B3;
energy balance from the single battery module to the multiple battery modules: switches S3 and S7 are always on, providing an energy transfer path; firstly, the switch S6 is conducted, and the high SOC module B4 transfers energy to the inductor L; turn off S6 and energy will be transferred from the inductor to the modules B2 and B3.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step s4 includes an external power charging mode, and specifically includes: the topological structure and the switching action are based on the concept of a buck converter, the converter works as a buck converter, the duty ratio is determined by a control system of a switch S10, and when the switch S10 is switched on, the inductor starts to charge; when the switch S10 is turned off, the entire battery module is charged through the diode d.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step s4 includes a mode in which the battery ES supplies power to the load, and specifically includes:
when the reconfigurable battery ES system supplies power to a load, a switch S7 and an inductor L provide Boost operation, input voltage is managed according to PWM through different reconfigurable modes of S1-S6, and different voltage outputs are realized through on/off control on-and-off occupation ratios of the switch S7;
when the battery energy storage systems S1-S6 fail, there is a free path for the inductor to discharge energy and thus avoid damage to the circuit, and a free spinning path is used to return inductive energy to all battery modules.
9. The method according to claim 4, wherein step s4 includes an external power supply supplying power to the load, and the external power supply supplying power to the load, that is, an uninterruptible power supply mode, and when the battery ES system fails, the external power supply starts to operate and provide power to the load, and the operation mode changes or maintains the battery system without interrupting the load, and specifically includes:
when the switch S1 is switched on and the switch S7 is switched off, the buck voltage reduction circuit is formed by the reconstructed topology at the moment to supply power to the load, and the on-off control on the switch S8 controls the on-off occupancy ratio to realize different voltage outputs and match with the load voltage requirements;
when the switches S1 and S7 are kept conducted, the boost circuit formed by the reconstructed circuit topology supplies power to the load, and similarly, the on-off control of the switch S8 controls the conducting occupancy ratio to realize different voltage outputs and match with the load voltage requirements.
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