CN115684039B - Water quality monitoring system and method based on error control - Google Patents
Water quality monitoring system and method based on error control Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a water quality monitoring system and a water quality monitoring method based on error control. The system comprises: the device comprises a main control unit, a sensor module, a CCD module and a communication module, wherein the sensor module, the CCD module and the communication module are connected with the main control unit; the sensor module is used for collecting water quality parameter data in the detection box in real time, the CCD module is used for shooting a video image of the water surface in the detection box, the main control unit is mainly used for calculating water chromaticity based on the video image, measuring errors of the water quality parameters at the current moment are estimated in real time based on the relation between the water chromaticity and the water quality parameters, and if the errors exceed a set threshold value, measuring values of the water quality parameters at the current moment are discarded, and the communication module is used for uploading water quality monitoring data to an upper computer of the monitoring center in real time. According to the invention, the measurement error of the water quality parameter is estimated based on the relation between the water quality parameter and the water chromaticity by measuring the water chromaticity, and the measured value of which the measurement error exceeds the set threshold value is discarded, so that the accuracy of monitoring the water quality parameter is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water quality monitoring, and particularly relates to a water quality monitoring system and method based on error control.
Background
Water is the source of life, the key of production, and the ecological base. However, with the acceleration of the industrialization progress, the discharge amount of industrial wastewater is increased, the water body environment on which human survival depends is endangered by more pollutants, and the water quality monitoring of the water source area is more important. The water quality monitoring can measure the concentration and the change trend of a plurality of pollutants in the water body, and the water quality condition is comprehensively evaluated. The water quality monitoring range comprises reservoirs, lakes, rivers, groundwater, oceans, wetlands, various industrial and agricultural commercial drainage and the like. The water quality monitoring can master the pollution discharge condition of the water source area and the variation trend thereof, is an important work for reasonably utilizing water resources, and the monitoring data and data are the basis for comprehensively developing environmental management work by departments such as water conservancy and environmental protection.
At present, the conventional monitoring parameters which are mature at home and abroad include: the five items (PH, TUR, COND, COD and T), ORP, flow rate and water level, etc. The water quality monitoring generally adopts a water quality automatic analysis instrument with the functions of automatic range conversion, standard output interface, power-off protection, state self-checking and the like. Typical water quality automatic monitoring station sites established at present are river provinces, ice-sealed river channels, tidal river channels, lake reservoirs, sand-rich rivers, gate dams for controlling rivers, sewage outlets and the like. The data collected by the monitoring station can be uploaded to an upper computer of the monitoring center through the communication module for unified processing. Long-term practice shows that in the water quality monitoring process, some values and outliers with larger errors are often found, and the abnormal data have larger distances from other data or deviate from the range of the normal values to a larger extent. If the monitoring process does not control the data with larger errors, adverse effects can be generated on the water quality monitoring evaluation result.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a water quality monitoring system and a water quality monitoring method based on error control.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a water quality monitoring system based on error control, comprising: the device comprises a main control unit, a sensor module, a CCD module and a communication module, wherein the sensor module, the CCD module and the communication module are connected with the main control unit; the sensor module is used for collecting water quality parameter data in the detection box in real time, the CCD module is used for shooting a video image of the water surface in the detection box, the main control unit is mainly used for calculating water chromaticity based on the video image, measuring errors of the water quality parameters at the current moment are estimated in real time based on the relation between the water chromaticity and the water quality parameters, and if the errors exceed a set threshold value, measuring values of the water quality parameters at the current moment are discarded, and the communication module is used for uploading water quality monitoring data to an upper computer of the monitoring center in real time.
Further, the sensor module includes: the input ends of the N water quality parameter sensors are respectively connected with the multiple-choice analog switches which are connected with the output ends of the N water quality parameter sensors, and the output ends of the A/D converters are connected with the main control module.
Further, the n=6, 6 water quality parameter sensors are respectively a ph value sensor, a turbidity sensor, a conductivity sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a water temperature sensor and a copper ion sensor.
Further, the main control unit calculates water chromaticity based on R, G, B components extracted from the video image using an image color difference method.
Further, the relationship between the water color and the water quality parameter is obtained by the following method:
obtaining M water samples to be detected with different water quality parameters;
respectively measuring water quality parameters of each water sample to be detected
And water color->
，/>
；
Adopting least square method to make data
，/>
) Performing linear fitting to obtain waterRelationship between chromaticity and water quality parameters:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
is the water quality parameter value->
For water color value, ++>
、/>
Fitting parameters;
repeating the steps to obtain the relation curve of each water quality parameter to be monitored and the water chromaticity.
Further, the estimation method of the measurement error of the water quality parameter at the current moment comprises the following steps:
calculating a water quality parameter value corresponding to the water color measured at the current moment by using a relation curve of the water color and the water quality parameter;
and calculating the difference between the water quality parameter value and the water quality parameter value measured at the current moment to obtain the measurement error of the water quality parameter at the previous moment.
Further, the system also comprises a control module connected with the main control unit, wherein the control module is used for controlling the on-off of the submersible pump connected with the detection box through the pipeline, controlling the on-off of the electromagnetic valve installed in the pipeline, and controlling the on-off and/or the power of the heater installed in the detection box, so that the temperature of water in the detection box is kept constant.
Further, the system also comprises a man-machine interaction module which is connected with the main control unit and mainly consists of a display screen and control keys.
Further, the system also comprises an audible and visual alarm module connected with the main control unit, and when the water quality parameter exceeds the set threshold range, audible and visual alarm is carried out.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for water quality monitoring using the system, comprising the steps of:
the sensor module collects the water quality parameter data in the detection box in real time and transmits the data to the main control unit;
the CCD module shoots video images of the water surface in the detection box in real time and transmits the data to the main control unit;
the main control unit calculates water chromaticity based on the video image, estimates the measurement error of the water quality parameter at the current moment in real time based on the relation between the water chromaticity and the water quality parameter, and discards the measurement value of the water quality parameter at the current moment if the error exceeds a set threshold;
the communication module uploads water quality monitoring data to an upper computer of the monitoring center in real time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
According to the invention, the main control unit, the sensor module, the CCD module and the communication module are arranged and connected with the main control unit, the sensor module is used for collecting the water quality parameter data in the detection box in real time, the CCD module is used for shooting a video image of the water surface in the detection box, the main control unit is mainly used for calculating the water chromaticity based on the video image and estimating the measurement error of the water quality parameter at the current moment in real time based on the relation between the water chromaticity and the water quality parameter, if the error exceeds a set threshold value, the measurement value of the water quality parameter at the current moment is discarded, and the communication module is used for uploading the water quality monitoring data to the upper computer of the monitoring center in real time, so that the water quality monitoring based on error control is realized. According to the invention, the measurement error of the water quality parameter is estimated based on the relation between the water quality parameter and the water chromaticity by measuring the water chromaticity, and the measured value of which the measurement error exceeds the set threshold value is discarded, so that the accuracy of monitoring the water quality parameter is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a water quality monitoring system based on error control according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which: the system comprises a 1-main control unit, a 2-sensor module, a 3-control module, a 4-CCD module, a 5-communication module and a 6-man-machine interaction module.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a sensor module.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the water flow control principle of the detection box.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for water quality monitoring using the system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description below, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a water quality monitoring system based on error control according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: the device comprises a main control unit 1, and a sensor module 2, a CCD module 4 and a communication module 5 which are connected with the main control unit 1; the sensor module 2 is used for collecting water quality parameter data in the detection box in real time, the CCD module 4 is used for shooting video images of the water surface in the detection box, the main control unit 1 is mainly used for calculating water chromaticity based on the video images, measuring errors of the water quality parameters at the current moment are estimated in real time based on the relation between the water chromaticity and the water quality parameters, and if the errors exceed a set threshold value, measuring values of the water quality parameters at the current moment are discarded, and the communication module 5 is used for uploading water quality monitoring data to an upper computer of the monitoring center in real time.
In this embodiment, the system mainly comprises a main control unit 1, a sensor module 2, a CCD module 4 and a communication module 5. The connection relation of the modules is shown in fig. 1, and the sensor module 2, the CCD module 4 and the communication module 5 are all electrically connected with the main control unit 1. Each module is described separately below.
The sensor module 2 is mainly used for collecting various water quality parameters of water to be monitored in real time. In order to facilitate water quality monitoring, the present embodiment provides a detection water tank into which water to be monitored is drawn, and in which each sensor electrode in the sensor module 2 is mounted.
The CCD module 4 is mainly used for acquiring a video image of the water surface in the detection box, converting the video image into a digital signal and sending the digital signal to the main control unit 1. The CCD module 4 mainly comprises a CCD camera and an image acquisition card, wherein the CCD camera is used for shooting video images, and the image acquisition card is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion on analog video signals. Many CCD cameras and image capture cards are available, for example, the CCD camera may be a WAT-704R type industrial camera, and the image capture card may be a DH-CG410 type capture card.
And the communication module 5 is used for uploading the water quality monitoring data to an upper computer of the monitoring center in real time. The system is typically installed as a single monitoring station near the area to be monitored, such as a river flowing across the shore of a location. The data measured by these monitoring stations are summarized to the monitoring center by the communication module 5. Long-range data communications typically employ wireless communication techniques including wireless local area network communications, radio station communications, global system for mobile communications, and general packet radio service techniques. The server of the monitoring center, namely the upper computer is always connected with the network, and is provided with a fixed IP address, and the communication module 5 sends water quality monitoring data to the address server; the server decodes and receives the water quality data and displays the processed data on a display screen of a monitoring center; meanwhile, the water quality data is stored in a corresponding database according to a storage rule, so that the complete water quality management flow of water quality information receiving, analyzing, storing and the like is realized.
The main control unit 1 is a control and data processing center of the system, and is mainly used for completing data processing tasks and coordinating the work of other modules by outputting various control signals. The data processing task completed by the main control unit 1 mainly comprises: calculating water chromaticity based on the video image obtained by the CCD module 4, and estimating the measurement error of the water quality parameter at the current moment in real time based on the relation between the water chromaticity and the water quality parameter; and performing quality control according to the measurement error: if the error exceeds the set threshold (upper error limit), the data is abnormal, and the measured value of the current moment of the water quality parameter is discarded. The relationship between water chromaticity and water quality parameters is obtained by fitting the under-line experimental data. The main control unit 1 mainly comprises a CPU and a memory, and considering that the data processing task is heavier, a dual-core scheme of a master-slave CPU can be adopted, for example, a microprocessor S3C2440 can be adopted as a master CPU, and a microprocessor TM320DM642 can be adopted as a slave CPU. The design is favorable for improving the data processing speed and realizing the real-time monitoring of water quality.
According to the embodiment, the measurement error of the water quality parameter is evaluated by introducing the water color, so that the quality control is performed on the water quality parameter monitoring, and the accuracy of the water quality monitoring can be improved. The water chromaticity is an important physical quantity in water quality environment monitoring, and intuitively shows the quality of water quality. The water color can be classified into a surface color and a true color. The water color without removal of the suspended matter is referred to as the color, while true color refers to the water color after removal of the suspended matter. For lower turbidity water, the two water colors are similar, however, for deeper colored industrial and agricultural wastewater, the difference is relatively large. At present, the water quality chromaticity monitoring mainly comprises a cobalt selling colorimetric method, a dilution factor method, a water quality water color remote sensing method, a spectrophotometry method and the like. Experiments show that a strong correlation exists between various water quality parameters and water color. Table 1 shows the correlation coefficients of several experimentally measured water quality parameters with water color.
TABLE 1 correlation coefficient of Water quality parameter and Water chromaticity
In table 1, the positive correlation coefficient indicates positive correlation, that is, the greater the water quality parameter is, the greater the water color is; the correlation coefficient is negative, which means negative correlation, that is, the larger the water quality parameter is, the smaller the water color is. RDOW is the reciprocal of DO and has a correlation coefficient with water chromaticity as high as 0.9378. The measured values of the water quality parameter and the water chromaticity are drawn into a scatter diagram, so that a good linear relation exists between the water chromaticity and the water quality parameter, and the functional relation between the water chromaticity and the water quality parameter can be obtained through linear fitting.
As an alternative embodiment, the sensor module 2 comprises: the input ends of the N water quality parameter sensors are respectively connected with the multiple-choice analog switches which are connected with the output ends of the N water quality parameter sensors, and the output ends of the A/D converters are connected with the main control module.
The present embodiment provides a solution for the sensor module 2. In this embodiment, the sensor module 2 mainly comprises N water quality parameter sensors, a one-to-one analog switch and an a/D converter, and the connection relationship of the modules is shown in fig. 2. The number N of the sensors is equal to the number of the water quality parameters to be monitored, and one sensor is used for collecting one water quality parameter. The output of the sensor is typically an analog signal and therefore needs to be converted to a digital signal recognizable by the computer via an a/D converter. In order to save the A/D converter, the embodiment is provided with a multiple-choice analog switch, one input end of the analog switch is connected with a sensor, a channel selection control end of the analog switch is connected with a main control unit, and only one sensor is selected to be communicated with the A/D converter at a time under the control of the main control unit. It should be noted that, because the output signal of the sensor is weaker, a first-stage conditioning circuit is generally required before the a/D converter in practical application, and the output signal of the sensor is amplified to a certain amplitude and then input into the a/D converter. The number of channels of the multiple analog switch is not less than N, and if the number of channels of one analog switch is insufficient, two or more analog switches can be adopted to be used in parallel. Many analog switch chips and a/D converter chips are available, for example, an ADG508 analog multiplexer may be used as the analog switch, and an AD chip of TLC2543 type may be used as the a/D converter chip.
As an alternative embodiment, the n=6, 6 water quality parameter sensors are a ph value sensor, a turbidity sensor, a conductivity sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a water temperature sensor, and a copper ion sensor, respectively.
This embodiment is an alternative to the previous embodiment. The water quality parameters are many, and 6 water quality parameters are respectively selected in this embodiment, namely, ph value, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, water temperature and copper ions, so that 6 sensors are required to be set to respectively measure the 6 water quality parameters.
As an alternative embodiment, the main control unit 1 calculates the chromaticity of water based on R, G, B components extracted from the video image using an image color difference method.
The embodiment provides a technical scheme for calculating water chromaticity based on video images. The present embodiment calculates water chromaticity by using an image color difference method. The image color difference method is to quantitatively analyze the water quality based on a spectrophotometry method and quantitatively judge the pollution concentration according to the color difference. Firstly extracting R, G, B component values of local pixel points in a target image, commonly called tristimulus values, and taking the values into a fitting formula to obtain chromaticity values. The tristimulus values describe the colorimetry essence of the water body, and the three parameters of the space coordinates X, Y, Z jointly determine the chromatic aberration of the characteristic quantityΔEThe relationship of color difference and chromaticity can be directly established. The color difference value in the color difference formula under CIELAB color space is recorded asΔE ab ，L * Is the brightness of the light, and the brightness of the light is the same,a * 、b * is chromaticity. The formula is as follows:
wherein X is n 、Y n 、Z n Is the stimulation value of the selected reference white. And the function f (x) is:
the color difference formula is:
in the formula, the subscript "1" represents a water body to be detected, and the subscript "2" represents pure water or an organic solvent. And measuring the spectral transmittance of the water sample by a spectrophotometric chromatic aberration method, calculating a chromatic value, and obtaining the chromatic value of the water sample according to a fitting function curve.
As an alternative embodiment, the relationship between water chromaticity and water quality parameters is obtained as follows:
obtaining M water samples to be detected with different water quality parameters;
respectively measuring water quality parameters of each water sample to be detected
And water color->
，/>
；
Adopting least square method to make data
，/>
) Performing linear fitting to obtain a relation curve of water chromaticity and water quality parameters:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
is the water quality parameter value->
For water color value, ++>
、/>
Fitting parameters;
repeating the steps to obtain the relation curve of each water quality parameter to be monitored and the water chromaticity.
The embodiment provides a method for obtaining the relation between the water chromaticity and the water quality parameterA method of manufacturing the same. The relationship curve of water chromaticity and water quality parameters is obtained through an offline experiment. Firstly, preparing M water samples to be detected, wherein the water quality parameters of each water sample to be detected are not communicated, and are preferably uniformly distributed; then, respectively measuring the water quality parameter value and the water color value of each water sample to be detected through experiments to obtain M groups of data pairs [ (]
，/>
) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Finally, M data pairs (++) are obtained by using least square method>
，/>
) Fitting to obtain a relation curve of water chromaticity and water quality parameters. As described above, the water chromaticity and the water quality parameter are approximately in a linear relationship, so that a linear fitting can be performed to obtain a linear function curve of the water chromaticity and the water quality parameter for simplifying the relationship.
As an alternative embodiment, the method for estimating the measurement error of the water quality parameter at the current time includes:
calculating a water quality parameter value corresponding to the water color measured at the current moment by using a relation curve of the water color and the water quality parameter;
and calculating the difference between the water quality parameter value and the water quality parameter value measured at the current moment to obtain the measurement error of the water quality parameter at the previous moment.
The embodiment provides a technical scheme of measurement error estimation. In this embodiment, the measurement error of the water quality parameter is estimated by using the relationship curve between the water chromaticity and the water quality parameter obtained in the previous embodiment. Substituting the water color value at the current moment into the relation curve to obtain a corresponding water quality parameter value; and then calculating the difference between the actually measured water quality parameter value at the current moment and the water quality parameter value obtained by the relation curve to obtain the measurement error of the water quality parameter. In order to improve the estimation accuracy, a plurality of groups of water quality parameters and water color values can be measured at the same monitoring time, and the measurement error of each group is calculated and then the average value is calculated.
As an alternative embodiment, the system further comprises a control module 3 connected with the main control unit 1, wherein the control module 3 is used for controlling the on-off of a submersible pump connected with the detection box through a pipeline, controlling the on-off of an electromagnetic valve installed in the pipeline, and controlling the on-off and/or the power of a heater installed in the detection box, so that the temperature of water in the detection box is kept constant.
The embodiment provides a technical scheme for controlling the water sample collected in the detection box. The detection box contains a water sample to be monitored, and the water sample is pumped into a sedimentation tank on the bank by a submersible pump. In order to meet the real-time requirement, the water in the detection box needs to be replaced periodically. In order to reduce the influence of water temperature change on water quality parameters, a heater is generally arranged in the detection box so as to keep the water temperature constant. For this purpose, the control module 3 connected to the main control unit 1 is provided in this embodiment, so as to control the submersible pump, the solenoid valve and the heater, as shown in fig. 3. The control module 3 typically employs the most commonly used PLC controller.
As an optional embodiment, the system further includes a man-machine interaction module 6 connected with the main control unit 1 and mainly composed of a display screen and control keys.
In order to facilitate the staff to grasp the water quality monitoring situation and operate the system in real time, the human-computer interaction module 6 connected with the main control unit 1 is provided in this embodiment. The man-machine interaction module 6 mainly comprises a display screen, control keys and the like, and a mouse or an operating ball can be arranged. The display screen is mainly used for displaying monitoring data, and the control keys and the like are mainly used for inputting various operation instructions.
As an optional embodiment, the system further includes an audible and visual alarm module connected to the main control unit 1, and when the water quality parameter exceeds the set threshold range, an audible and visual alarm is performed.
The embodiment provides a technical scheme for alarming water quality abnormality. In this embodiment, the audible and visual alarm module (not shown in fig. 1) connected with the main control unit 1 is provided to realize abnormal alarm of water quality. The water quality abnormality detection can be realized by comparing the monitored water quality parameters with a set threshold range, and if one or more parameters exceed the set threshold range, the main control unit 1 sends out a control signal to trigger the audible and visual alarm module to carry out audible and visual alarm, so as to remind a worker to take corresponding measures.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for performing water quality monitoring by using the system according to an embodiment of the present invention, including the following steps:
102, a CCD module 4 shoots video images of the water surface in the detection box in real time and transmits the data to a main control unit 1;
and 104, uploading water quality monitoring data to an upper computer of the monitoring center in real time by the communication module 5.
Compared with the technical scheme of the embodiment of the apparatus shown in fig. 1, the method of the embodiment has similar implementation principle and technical effect, and is not repeated here.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A water quality monitoring system based on error control, comprising: the device comprises a main control unit, a sensor module, a CCD module and a communication module, wherein the sensor module, the CCD module and the communication module are connected with the main control unit; the sensor module is used for collecting water quality parameter data in the detection box in real time, the CCD module is used for shooting a video image of the water surface in the detection box, the main control unit is mainly used for calculating water chromaticity based on the video image, and estimating a measurement error of the water quality parameter at the current moment in real time based on the relation between the water chromaticity and the water quality parameter, if the error exceeds a set threshold value, the measurement value of the water quality parameter at the current moment is discarded, and the communication module is used for uploading water quality monitoring data to an upper computer of the monitoring center in real time;
the relationship between water chromaticity and water quality parameters is obtained by the following method:
obtaining M water samples to be detected with different water quality parameters;
respectively measuring water quality parameters of each water sample to be detected
And water color->
，/>
；
Adopting least square method to make data
,/>
) Performing linear fitting to obtain a relation curve of water chromaticity and water quality parameters:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
is the water quality parameter value->
For water color value, ++>
、/>
Fitting parameters;
repeating the steps to obtain a relation curve of each water quality parameter to be monitored and water chromaticity;
the estimation method of the measurement error of the water quality parameter at the current moment comprises the following steps:
calculating a water quality parameter value corresponding to the water color measured at the current moment by using a relation curve of the water color and the water quality parameter;
and calculating the difference between the water quality parameter value and the water quality parameter value measured at the current moment to obtain the measurement error of the water quality parameter at the current moment.
2. The error control-based water quality monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the sensor module comprises: the input ends of the N water quality parameter sensors are respectively connected with the multiple-choice analog switches which are connected with the output ends of the N water quality parameter sensors, and the output ends of the A/D converters are connected with the main control module.
3. The water quality monitoring system based on error control according to claim 2, wherein the n=6, 6 water quality parameter sensors are a ph value sensor, a turbidity sensor, a conductivity sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a water temperature sensor, and a copper ion sensor, respectively.
4. The error control-based water quality monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the main control unit calculates water chromaticity based on R, G, B component extracted from the video image using an image color difference method.
5. The water quality monitoring system based on error control according to claim 1, further comprising a control module connected with the main control unit, wherein the control module is used for controlling the on and off of a submersible pump connected with the detection box through a pipeline, controlling the on and off of an electromagnetic valve installed in the pipeline, and controlling the on and off and/or the power level of a heater installed in the detection box, so that the temperature of water in the detection box is kept constant.
6. The water quality monitoring system based on error control according to claim 1, further comprising a man-machine interaction module which is connected with the main control unit and mainly consists of a display screen and control keys.
7. The error control-based water quality monitoring system of claim 1, further comprising an audible and visual alarm module connected to the main control unit, wherein the audible and visual alarm is performed when the water quality parameter exceeds a set threshold range.
8. A method of water quality monitoring using the system of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the sensor module collects the water quality parameter data in the detection box in real time and transmits the data to the main control unit;
the CCD module shoots video images of the water surface in the detection box in real time and transmits the data to the main control unit;
the main control unit calculates water chromaticity based on the video image, estimates the measurement error of the water quality parameter at the current moment in real time based on the relation between the water chromaticity and the water quality parameter, and discards the measurement value of the water quality parameter at the current moment if the error exceeds a set threshold;
the communication module uploads water quality monitoring data to an upper computer of the monitoring center in real time.
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