CN115679212B - Novel high-strength corrosion-resistant steel for railway open car and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Novel high-strength corrosion-resistant steel for railway open car and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses novel high-strength corrosion-resistant steel for railway open cars and a preparation method thereof. The high-strength corrosion-resistant steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.10 percent, si: 0.02-0.50%, mn:0.80 to 2.00 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.030 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, cu:0.30 to 1.00 percent of Zr:0.01 to 0.20 percent, als:0.010 to 0.050 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The invention adopts a novel Cu-Zr-Si system, the obtained weather-resistant steel has low cost, and has better welding and mechanical properties on the basis of ensuring corrosion resistance; when the steel is used for railway car, the axle weight can be increased under the premise of ensuring the safety intensity, the dead weight of the car is reduced, the steel consumption of unit car is greatly reduced, and the development trend and market demand of the steel for railway car are satisfied under the industrial background of energy conservation, environmental protection and light weight.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel for railway vehicles, and particularly relates to novel high-strength corrosion-resistant steel for railway open vehicles and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The holding capacity of the rail wagon in China reaches more than 70 ten thousand, whereinThe number of open cars is about 70%. The general railway open wagon currently in use is mainly C 61 、C 62 、C 62A 、C 62B 、C 64 、C 70 、C 70B 、C 76 (Daqin line marshalling train), C 80 、C 80B 、C 80E And the like.
The open wagon with the largest proportion in the railway wagon belongs to an open wagon body structure, is applied to national railway lines, has wide regions in China, changeable climate, wide temperature and humidity change range and complex atmospheric environment conditions, and has serious atmospheric environment pollution and frequent acid rain in partial regions, and the cargoes loaded on the wagon comprise various mediums such as acid, alkali, salt and the like, so that the actual environment where the wagon body structure is positioned is extremely complex and severe. The above-mentioned severe environmental conditions greatly accelerate the metal corrosion rate. Corrosion and abrasion of the vehicle body structure cause thinning of steel, thereby causing a decrease in structural strength, resulting in insufficient strength to cause failure.
In order to solve the corrosion problem, all railway vehicles in China are manufactured by adopting weather-resistant steel (atmospheric corrosion resistant steel) from 1990, the corrosion problem of the railway trucks is relieved by applying the weather-resistant steel to the trucks, the factory repair period is prolonged to about 8 years from the original 4-5 years, and in order to increase the axle weight and lighten the dead weight of the vehicle in 2004, the Cu-Cr-Ni high-strength weather-resistant steel with the yield strength reaching 450MPa is developed. However, from the situation reflected on site, the factory-repaired vehicles still have a large number of situations of interception and replacement caused by excessive corrosion of steel plates, and a large number of parts of the vehicles are corroded and overrun during factory repair, so that the interception and replacement rate of the steel plates of the vehicle body structure is very high, and the workload during maintenance and repair is very high.
On one hand, in the railway wagon body in China, the abrasion of the internal anti-corrosion coating fails under the action of friction force of cargoes and the collision and scratch action of loading and unloading machinery, and in the later stage, the steel substrate is corroded and the rust layer is damaged under the dual actions of corrosion of rainwater and medium abrasion, so that the steel substrate is gradually thinned until perforation is achieved. On the other hand, along with popularization and application of various high-strength steels, the railway vehicle high-strength steels can increase the axle weight, reduce the vehicle dead weight and reduce the cost. Therefore, the development of the weather-resistant steel with high strength and high corrosion resistance suitable for the railway open wagon in China is an urgent need of the railway vehicle industry in the face of the serious corrosion problem and the development trend of high strength and weight reduction of the steel for the railway vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide novel high-strength corrosion-resistant steel for a railway open wagon and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problems of railway open wagon corrosion, vehicle safety and cost reduction.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the novel high-strength corrosion-resistant steel for the railway open car comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.10 percent, si: 0.02-0.50%, mn:0.80 to 2.00 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.030 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, cu:0.30 to 1.00 percent of Zr:0.01 to 0.20 percent, als:0.010 to 0.050 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
According to the scheme, in the high-strength corrosion-resistant steel, the Zr content is 0.02-0.10% by mass percent.
According to the scheme, in the high-strength corrosion-resistant steel, the content of Si is 0.05-0.20% by mass percent.
According to the scheme, the novel high-strength corrosion-resistant steel for the railway open wagon comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.03 to 0.06 percent, si:0.05 to 0.20 percent, mn: 1.00-1.80%, P is less than or equal to 0.020%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, cu:0.40 to 0.80 percent of Zr: 0.02-0.10%, als:0.015 to 0.050 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
According to the scheme, the corrosion rate of the high-strength corrosion-resistant steel is less than or equal to 0.65g/m according to JB/T7901 standard test 2 /h; the relative corrosion rate of the high-strength corrosion-resistant steel is less than or equal to 62 percent, preferably less than or equal to 51 percent according to the TB/T2375 standard test.
According to the scheme, the yield strength of the high-strength corrosion-resistant steel is more than or equal to 600MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 680MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 18%, and the low-temperature impact energy is more than or equal to 180J.
The function of each element in the invention:
the content of C in the invention is less than or equal to 0.10 percent. C is an effective element for improving the strength of steel, and when the carbon content is high, for example, exceeds 0.12%, martensite is extremely liable to be formed to deteriorate the low-temperature toughness of steel, and the tensile strength is liable to exceed the upper limit, so that the influence on weldability is more remarkable. When the carbon content in the steel is below 0.10% (wt), the sensitivity of the carbon equivalent of the steel to weld cold cracks is not great, the carbon content is reduced, and the low-temperature toughness of the steel can be effectively improved. However, when the carbon content is too low, for example, less than 0.03%, the strength of the steel sheet is insufficient, the hard phase in the steel is less, and the yield ratio control is difficult. The preferable content of C is 0.03-0.06%.
The Mn content of the invention is 0.80-2.00%, mn is an important strengthening element, is an austenite stabilizing element, can enlarge an austenite region in an iron-carbon phase diagram, and promotes medium-temperature tissue transformation. The higher content of Mn is extremely liable to cause serious center segregation in the steel, deteriorating the low temperature toughness of the steel, and the steel sheet HAZ is liable to crack during welding, and is also unnecessary for obtaining the mechanical properties of the steel of the present invention, while too low Mn is liable to lower the strength of the steel. The Mn content is preferably 1.00 to 1.80%.
The P content is less than or equal to 0.020%, the weather resistance of the steel can be obviously improved by the P content, but the weldability of the steel can be reduced, the cold embrittlement tendency of the steel is increased, and serious center segregation is generated.
The S content is less than or equal to 0.005%, and the higher S content can reduce the corrosion resistance, low-temperature toughness and Z-direction performance of the steel.
The Si content of the invention is 0.02-0.50%, and the addition of Si element can improve the corrosion resistance of steel materials. In marine environment, the increase of silicon content in the steel matrix can increase the proportion of superparamagnetic alpha-FeOOH, and enhance the protection capability of the rust layer, so that the corrosion rate of carbon steel is reduced. However, in the industrial atmosphere, the main existence form of Si element in the rust layer is Fe 2 SiO 4 It is porous and does not prevent O 2 、HSO 3 - The entering of the equal corrosion medium eventually leads to the phenomenon that the rust protection capability is reduced, and the Si content is increased from 0.2% to 0.8%, so that the corrosion resistance of the steel is deteriorated. At the same time, because the binding capacity of the alloy with oxygen is stronger than that of iron, silicate with low melting point is easy to generate during welding, and the flow of slag and molten metal is increasedThe addition of Si element in excess reduces the weldability and impact toughness of the steel. Therefore, in the present invention, the upper limit of Si is set to 0.20%, and a certain amount of Si remains in the steel due to deoxidation, so the lower limit of Si is set to 0.01%. In view of the comprehensive performance such as yield ratio, impact power, elongation, etc., the Si content is preferably 0.05 to 0.20%.
The Cu content of the invention is 0.30-1.00%, cu can improve the hardenability of steel, can obviously improve the core strength of a thick steel plate, is also an important element for improving weather resistance, improves the quality of a rust layer by enriching Cu at defects such as gaps, holes and the like of the rust layer, but when the Cu addition is more than 0.50%, the toughness of a welding heat affected zone of the steel plate is reduced, and network cracks are easy to generate in the heating process of a steel billet. The most preferable Cu content is 0.40 to 0.80%.
The Zr content in the invention is 0.01-0.20%. The conventional corrosion-resistant steel is a Cu-Cr-Ni system, but the corrosion-resistant steel of the conventional composition system still has a problem of corrosion in recent practical vehicle inspection findings. Zr is added in the invention, and when the addition amount is 0.01 percent, an oxide film ZrO with a microcrystalline structure can be formed in the rust layer 2 Meanwhile, zr and Cu can form a binary alloy stable phase, so that the problem of copper embrittlement on the surface of the steel plate caused by no addition of Ni is avoided, and the wear resistance can be remarkably improved due to the strong binding force of the alloy. The novel Cu-Zr-Si system can comprehensively improve the corrosion, welding and wear resistance of the corrosion resistant steel. The Zr content is preferably 0.02 to 0.10%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the novel high-strength corrosion-resistant steel for the railway open wagon, which adopts a TMCP process and comprises the following steps: heating a casting blank, rough rolling, finish rolling, sectional cooling, tempering and cooling.
According to the above-mentioned scheme, the above-mentioned method,
the initial rolling temperature of the finish rolling is 930-820 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 650-750 ℃;
control the first stage when cooling in stages: the cooling rate is 2-4 ℃/s, and the temperature is cooled to 620-680 ℃; and a second stage: the cooling rate is 20-35 ℃/s, and the cooling is fast carried out to 100-300 ℃;
the tempering temperature is 150-400 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 15-35 min.
According to the scheme, the heating temperature of the casting blank is 1180-1270 ℃; the initial rolling temperature is 1080-1120 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 930-970 ℃.
According to the scheme, the finish rolling temperature is 910-850 ℃ at the beginning and 660-720 ℃ at the finishing.
According to the scheme, the tempering temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 20-24 min.
The novel high-strength corrosion-resistant steel for railway open cars is prepared by adopting a TMCP process, so that the production cost is reduced, and the production period is shortened; wherein:
the finish rolling start temperature is controlled to be 930-820 ℃, the finish rolling temperature is controlled to be 650-750 ℃, mixed crystals are easily caused by the excessively high start temperature, the effective finish rolling temperature cannot be ensured by the excessively low start temperature, the required hard and soft complex phase structure is not easily generated when the finish rolling temperature is excessively high or excessively low, and the toughness of the steel can be influenced.
Control the first stage when cooling in stages: the cooling rate is 2-4 ℃/s, so that proper ferrite and bainite tissues are obtained in the steel; and a second stage: the cooling rate is 20-35 ℃/s, so that the steel plate is rapidly cooled to 100-300 ℃ to ensure the transformation of the hard phase structure of the base material.
The tempering temperature is controlled to be 150-400 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 15-35 min, so that the residual stress of the steel plate is reduced, and the yield ratio is not too high.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects as follows:
1. the invention provides a novel high-strength corrosion-resistant steel for railway open cars, which avoids adding corrosion-resistant element Ni with higher price, adopts a novel Cu-Zr-Si system, wherein: when the Zr content is 0.01%, an oxide film ZrO with a microcrystalline structure can be formed in the rust layer 2 The protection of the rust layer is improved, zr and Cu can form a binary alloy stable phase, the problem of copper brittleness on the surface of steel caused by no Ni addition is solved, and the wear resistance is also remarkably improved. In addition, the C content is controlled and the Si content is reduced, so that the alloy has better welding and mechanical properties on the basis of ensuring the corrosion resistance; the method comprisesThe weathering steel has low cost, good corrosion resistance, yield strength of more than or equal to 600MPa, tensile strength of 680-740 MPa, and can increase axle weight, lighten the dead weight of the vehicle, greatly reduce the steel consumption of unit vehicle, and meet the development trend and market demand of the steel for railway vehicles under the industrial background of energy conservation, environmental protection and light weight.
2. The invention provides a preparation method of novel high-strength corrosion-resistant steel for railway open cars, which adopts TMCP technology, fully refines grains, improves structure, improves strength and toughness, reduces carbon content and improves welding performance by optimizing technological parameters of the steps of finish rolling, sectional cooling, tempering and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure of example 7 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Examples 1 to 8
The chemical components and the mass percentage of the novel high-strength corrosion-resistant steel for railway open cars are shown in table 1.
The preparation of the novel high-strength corrosion-resistant steel for the railway open wagon adopts a TMCP process, and comprises the following steps: heating a casting blank, rough rolling, finish rolling, sectional cooling, tempering and cooling; wherein:
the heating temperature of the casting blank is 1250+/-20 ℃;
the initial rolling temperature is 1100+/-20 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 950+/-20 ℃;
the initial rolling temperature of the finish rolling is 880+/-20 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 680+/-20 ℃;
control the first stage when cooling in stages: the cooling rate is 2-4 ℃/s, and the temperature is cooled to 650+/-20 ℃; and a second stage: the cooling rate is 20-35 ℃/s, and the temperature is cooled to 100-300 ℃;
the tempering temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 24min.
Comparative examples 1 to 2
Comparative example 1 is plain steel Q345B; comparative example 2 is a railway vehicle corrosion resistant steel Q450NQR1 steel, with specific chemical compositions and mass percentages as shown in table 1.
The mechanical properties of inventive examples 1-8 and comparative examples 1-2 are shown in Table 2.
The periodic immersion corrosion test for 168 hours is carried out according to TB/T2375 of the periodic immersion corrosion test method of weather resistant Steel for railway, the complete immersion corrosion test is carried out according to JB/T7901 standard, and the solution is 10% H 2 SO 4 +3.5% NaCl, 23+ -2deg.C, 24h. The results of the 1-2 week immersion corrosion and total immersion test for each example and comparative example are shown in tables 3 and 4 below.
TABLE 1 list of chemical compositions for each of the examples and comparative examples of the present invention
| Category(s) | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cu | Cr | Ni | Zr |
| Example 1 | 0.03 | 1.60 | 0.017 | 0.002 | 0.12 | 0.40 | -- | -- | -- |
| Example 2 | 0.04 | 1.60 | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.2 | 0.42 | -- | -- | -- |
| Example 3 | 0.05 | 1.62 | 0.007 | 0.003 | 0.32 | 0.42 | -- | -- | -- |
| Example 4 | 0.03 | 1.62 | 0.007 | 0.002 | 0.11 | 0.41 | -- | -- | 0.02 |
| Example 5 | 0.03 | 1.60 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.12 | 0.42 | -- | -- | 0.05 |
| Example 6 | 0.03 | 1.62 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.11 | 0.42 | -- | -- | 0.10 |
| Example 7 | 0.04 | 1.62 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.11 | 0.50 | -- | -- | 0.05 |
| Example 8 | 0.04 | 1.61 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.12 | 0.60 | -- | -- | 0.05 |
| Comparative example 1 (Q345B) | 0.18 | 0.7 | 0.014 | - | 0.23 | 0.017 | 0.016 | 0.005 | -- |
| Comparative example 2 (Q450 NQR 1) | 0.08 | 1.1 | 0.021 | 0.008 | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.45 | 0.30 | -- |
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of examples and comparative examples of the invention
Table 2 shows: in the embodiment of the invention, the yield strength of the weathering steel is improved from 500MPa to above 600MPa, the tensile strength is 680-740 MPa, the axle weight can be increased on the premise of ensuring the safety strength, the vehicle dead weight is reduced, the steel consumption of unit vehicles is greatly reduced, and the development trend and market demand of the steel for railway vehicles are met under the industrial background of energy conservation, environmental protection and light weight.
TABLE 3 atmospheric corrosion resistance test results (TB/T2375 Standard) for various embodiments of the invention
| Category(s) | Relative corrosion rate |
| Example 1 | 71％ |
| Example 2 | 74％ |
| Example 3 | 78％ |
| Example 4 | 62％ |
| Example 5 | 51％ |
| Example 6 | 43％ |
| Example 7 | 46％ |
| Example 8 | 44％ |
| Comparative example 1 (Q345B) | 100％ |
| Comparative example 2 (Q450 NQR 1) | 58％ |
TABLE 4 results of full immersion corrosion test of various embodiments of the invention
Table 3 shows: according to the TB/T2375 standard, the atmospheric corrosion resistance can be improved by 25% compared with the latest corrosion resistant steel Q450NQR1 applied to the current railway vehicle C70 open car. Table 4 shows: according to JB/T7901 standard, the absolute value of corrosion rate is far less than 0.8g/m specified by C80 type general open car technical condition standard 2 And/h, meeting the supply requirement.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The novel high-strength corrosion-resistant steel for the railway open wagon is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.10 percent, si: 0.02-0.50%, mn:0.80 to 2.00 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.030 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, cu:0.30 to 1.00 percent of Zr: 0.01-0.20%, als:0.010 to 0.050 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities; wherein:
the high-strength corrosion-resistant steel is prepared by the following method:
adopts TMCP process, comprising the following steps: heating a casting blank, rough rolling, finish rolling, sectional cooling, tempering and cooling;
the initial rolling temperature of the finish rolling is 930-820 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 650-750 ℃;
control the first stage when cooling in stages: the cooling rate is 2-4 ℃/s, and the temperature is cooled to 620-680 ℃; and a second stage: the cooling rate is 20-35 ℃/s, and the temperature is cooled to 100-300 ℃;
the tempering temperature is 150-400 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 15-35 min.
2. The high-strength corrosion-resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein the Zr content is 0.02 to 0.10% by mass.
3. The high-strength corrosion-resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein the Si content is 0.05 to 0.20% by mass.
4. The high-strength corrosion-resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein the high-strength corrosion-resistant steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.03 to 0.06 percent, si:0.05 to 0.20 percent, mn: 1.00-1.80%, P is less than or equal to 0.020%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, cu:0.40 to 0.80 percent of Zr: 0.02-0.10%, als:0.015 to 0.050 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
5. The high-strength corrosion-resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein the yield strength of the high-strength corrosion-resistant steel is not less than 600MPa, tensile strength is more than or equal to 680MPa, elongation is more than or equal to 18%, and low-temperature impact energy is more than or equal to 180J; the corrosion rate of the high-strength corrosion-resistant steel is less than or equal to 0.65g/m according to JB/T7901 standard 2 /h。
6. A method for preparing the novel high-strength corrosion-resistant steel for railway open cars according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by adopting a TMCP process and comprising the following steps: heating a casting blank, rough rolling, finish rolling, sectional cooling, tempering and cooling; wherein:
the initial rolling temperature of the finish rolling is 930-820 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 650-750 ℃;
control the first stage when cooling in stages: the cooling rate is 2-4 ℃/s, and the temperature is cooled to 620-680 ℃; and a second stage: the cooling rate is 20-35 ℃/s, and the temperature is cooled to 100-300 ℃;
the tempering temperature is 150-400 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 15-35 min.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the finish rolling is carried out at a start temperature of 910 to 850 ℃ and a finish rolling temperature of 660 to 720 ℃.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the tempering temperature is 200-300 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 20-24 min.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the casting billet is heated to a temperature of 1180-1270 ℃; the initial rolling temperature is 1080-1120 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 930-970 ℃.
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