CN115679145B - Neutron absorber material of control rod and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Neutron absorber material of control rod and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115679145B CN115679145B CN202211135233.3A CN202211135233A CN115679145B CN 115679145 B CN115679145 B CN 115679145B CN 202211135233 A CN202211135233 A CN 202211135233A CN 115679145 B CN115679145 B CN 115679145B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control rod neutron absorber material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the neutron absorber material comprises an Ag-I n-Cd alloy matrix and yttrium oxide particles which are uniformly dispersed in the Ag-I n-Cd alloy matrix. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step S1, weighing Ag, cdO, I n, cd and Y raw materials; s2, smelting Ag, cdO, I n, cd and Y raw materials by adopting a multi-stage smelting process to obtain Ag-I n-Cd alloy containing yttrium oxide particles, wherein the multi-stage smelting process comprises smelting in at least two stages; and step S3, carrying out rolling deformation treatment on the Ag-I n-Cd alloy, and carrying out annealing treatment after rolling. Compared with the prior art, the Ag-I n-Cd alloy containing the dispersed yttrium oxide particles, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the yield strength and the tensile strength are improved by more than 50%, the improvement on the material strength is remarkable, the extensibility is not obviously reduced, and the Ag-I n-Cd alloy is very suitable for manufacturing a control rod core body, so that the long-term safe operation of a nuclear reactor is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactors, in particular to a control rod neutron absorber material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Reactor safety is a life line for operation and development of nuclear power plants, and nuclear reactor safety has important significance for public health and national economy. The reactor control rod is an important component of a nuclear reactor, and the control rod adopts neutron absorber materials, can have inhibiting, releasing and regulating effects on the reactivity in the reactor, and is an important barrier for safe operation of the reactor. The control rod core material is also a key material of a reactor control rod, plays an indispensable important role in the operation and safety of a reactor, has good mechanical properties, and is widely applied to the pressurized water reactor control rod core at present as AgInCd alloy. The nominal composition of the AgInCd control rod core material was 80wt.% Ag, 15wt.% In, and 5wt.% Cd. The AgInCd alloy is used as the control rod core material and has the following advantages: (1) The AgInCd alloy has long-time application experience in a plurality of commercial pressurized water reactors, and more service performance data are accumulated; (2) the AgInCd alloy has good in-stack structural integrity; (3) The AgInCd alloy has excellent processing and forming properties and low manufacturing cost; (4) the AgInCd alloy has good compatibility with the stainless steel ladle; (5) The interaction degree of the AgInCd alloy and the cladding is light; (6) The AgInCd alloy can not generate gas transmutation products in the in-reactor service process, and has better irradiation swelling resistance.
However, in the process of stacking and taking the existing AgInCd control rod core material, both ends of the core are always subjected to the compression stress action of the control rod compression spring, in addition, the service temperature of the control rod is above 300 ℃, and the service temperature reaches 0.5-0.6 Tm of the melting point of the AgInCd alloy. Therefore, in the in-stack service process, the control rod core body of the AgInCd alloy material may have more remarkable plastic deformation behavior, and the plastic deformation is specifically represented by upsetting of the control rod core body, even causing jamming of the control rod, which brings great potential safety hazard to the operation of the nuclear reactor.
Therefore, the strength of the AgInCd control rod core material is improved, the plastic deformation resistance of the alloy is increased, and the method plays an important role in improving the service performance of the AgInCd control rod and guaranteeing the safety of a nuclear reactor.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a control rod neutron absorber material and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problem that the control rod core body prepared from Ag-In-Cd alloy material In the prior art is easy to deform so as to bring potential safety hazard to the operation of a nuclear reactor.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that: the neutron absorber material of the control rod is characterized by comprising an Ag-In-Cd alloy matrix and yttrium oxide particles which are dispersed and uniformly distributed In the Ag-In-Cd alloy matrix.
Further, the neutron absorber material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 14.6 to 15.2 percent of In, 4.5 to 5.3 percent of Cd, 0.15 to 0.6 percent of Y, 0.05 to 0.2 percent of O, and the balance of Ag and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the neutron absorber material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 14.9% In, 4.7% Cd, 0.57% Y, 0.18% O, the balance Ag and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the neutron absorber material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 14.8% In, 5.0% Cd, 0.32% Y, 0.11% O, the balance Ag and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the neutron absorber material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 15.1% In, 4.9% Cd, 0.16% Y, 0.06% O, the balance Ag and unavoidable impurities.
A method for preparing the control rod neutron absorber material, comprising the following steps:
step S1, weighing Ag, cdO, in, cd, Y raw materials;
s2, smelting the Ag, cdO, in, cd, Y raw material by adopting a multi-stage smelting process to obtain the Ag-In-Cd alloy containing the yttrium oxide particles, wherein the multi-stage smelting process comprises smelting In at least two stages;
and step S3, carrying out rolling deformation treatment on the Ag-In-Cd alloy, and carrying out annealing treatment after rolling.
Further, the method of step S2 includes:
s2.1, firstly smelting Ag and CdO raw materials in a first stage, and after the heating temperature reaches the first smelting temperature, simultaneously stirring for the first time;
s2.2, adding In, cd and Y raw materials for second-stage smelting, reducing the heating temperature to a second smelting temperature and stirring for the second time;
s2.3, regulating the heating temperature to be reduced to a third smelting temperature, and stirring the molten liquid for the third time;
and S2.4, pouring the molten liquid, and cooling and forming to form the Ag-In-Cd alloy.
Preferably, the conditions of the multi-stage smelting process are: vacuum smelting, wherein the vacuum degree is lower than 10Pa; the first smelting temperature is 1150-1190 ℃, and the first stirring time is 0.5-1 h; the second smelting temperature is 1000-1050 ℃, and the second stirring time is 0.4-0.6 h; the third smelting temperature is 850-880 ℃, and the third stirring time is 1-1.5 h.
In the step S3, the rolling deformation temperature is 350-400 ℃, and the rolling ratio is more than or equal to 5.
Further, in the step S3, the annealing temperature is 450-480 ℃, and the annealing heat preservation time is 1-1.5 h.
Compared with the prior art, the Ag-In-Cd alloy containing the yttria particles In dispersion distribution has the advantages that the yield strength and the tensile strength are improved by more than 50 percent, the material strength is obviously improved, the extensibility is not obviously reduced, and the Ag-In-Cd alloy is very suitable for manufacturing a control rod core body, so that the long-term safe operation of a nuclear reactor is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of step S2 of the method for preparing a control rod neutron absorber material of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic microstructure of an Ag-In-Cd alloy according to example I;
FIG. 3 is a TEM organizational chart of an Ag-In-Cd alloy In example one;
FIG. 4 is a TEM organizational chart showing the plastic deformation of the Ag-In-Cd alloy In the first embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a control rod neutron absorber material, which uses Ag-In-Cd alloy as a main component of the control rod neutron absorber material, namely an Ag-In-Cd alloy matrix, yttrium oxide particles are added into the Ag-In-Cd alloy matrix and are dispersed and uniformly distributed In the Ag-In-Cd alloy matrix, and the Ag-In-Cd alloy matrix is dispersed and strengthened by the yttrium oxide particles, and the dislocation is In a wavy shape In the alloy matrix containing the yttrium oxide particles, so that the strength of the Ag-In-Cd alloy can be greatly improved, and compared with a traditional Ag-In-Cd alloy control rod, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the control rod prepared from the Ag-In-Cd alloy containing the dispersed yttrium oxide particles are improved by more than 50%, upsetting deformation of the control rod core is difficult to occur, the plastic deformation resistance of the alloy is increased, the problem of control rod clamping caused by deformation is well solved, and the potential safety hazard of a nuclear reactor is reduced.
Further, through extensive research and analysis, the application further defines the proportion of each element of the control rod neutron absorber material, wherein the proportion scheme of each element is as follows according to the mass percent of each element: 14.6 to 15.2 percent of In, 4.5 to 5.3 percent of Cd, 0.15 to 0.6 percent of Y, 0.05 to 0.2 percent of O, and the balance of Ag and unavoidable impurities. The neutron absorber material prepared by the proportion has very obvious improvement in the aspect of strength, and specific material parameters can be as follows: the yield strength is more than or equal to 210MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 500MPa, the elongation percentage is more than or equal to 40%, the influence of the elongation percentage is small, compared with the conventional Ag-In-Cd alloy material, the material strength is obviously improved, the elongation percentage is not obviously reduced, and the method is very suitable for manufacturing a control rod core body, so that the long-term safe operation of a nuclear reactor is ensured.
Preferably, the present application further provides a preparation method of the neutron absorber material, which mainly includes:
step S1, weighing Ag, cdO, in, cd, Y raw materials according to the element proportioning scheme of the materials;
s2, adding the Ag, cdO, in, cd, Y raw material into a vacuum stirring smelting furnace for smelting by adopting a multi-stage smelting process, so as to obtain the Ag-In-Cd alloy containing the yttrium oxide particles, wherein the multi-stage smelting process comprises at least two stages of smelting, and different metal elements can be effectively mixed with minimum burning loss according to the smelting speeds of different materials by adopting the multi-stage smelting process according to the smelting points of different raw materials, so that the components of each element are accurately controlled;
and S3, injecting the smelted molten liquid into a casting mould for cooling and forming to form an Ag-In-Cd alloy cast ingot, and then carrying out rolling deformation treatment on the formed Ag-In-Cd alloy, and carrying out annealing treatment after rolling, so that the hardness of the alloy is reduced, the residual stress is reduced, the deformation and crack tendency are reduced, the crystal grain is refined, the metallographic structure is adjusted, and the structure defect is eliminated.
Further, based on the preparation method, the application specifically proposes three different material proportioning embodiments, wherein the different material proportioning embodiments correspond to different technological parameter requirements, and the three examples specifically comprise:
embodiment one:
the neutron absorber material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 15.1% In, 4.9% Cd, 0.16% Y, 0.06% O, the balance Ag and unavoidable impurities.
The neutron absorber material in embodiment one is prepared by the following steps:
step S1, weighing a raw material Ag, cdO, in, cd, Y according to a certain proportion according to the element proportioning scheme of the material, wherein the weight ratio of Ag to CdO is 200:1, the weight ratio of CdO to Y is 2.17:1, the weight ratio of Ag to In is 5.33:1, and the weight ratio of Ag to Cd is 16:1.
S2, adding the Ag, cdO, in, cd, Y raw material into a vacuum stirring smelting furnace by using a multi-stage smelting process to smelt, thereby obtaining Ag-In-Cd alloy containing yttrium oxide particles; referring to fig. 1, the multi-stage smelting process includes three stages of smelting, and in this step S2, the multi-stage smelting process is subdivided into three steps according to the element proportions of the neutron absorber material, specifically as follows:
s2.1, placing raw materials Ag and CdO into a crucible, placing the crucible into a vacuum stirring smelting furnace for first-stage smelting, and starting to melt the raw materials Ag and CdO after the heating temperature reaches the first smelting temperature, wherein a stirrer of the vacuum stirring smelting furnace is started for first stirring, and the stirring speed is 150rpm; the heat preservation time of the first smelting temperature is 0.5h, namely the duration of the first stirring is 0.5h, the first smelting temperature is preferably 1150 ℃, and under the condition, the raw materials Ag and CdO can be fully melted;
s2.2, after the first-stage smelting is finished, stirring is stopped, raw materials In, cd and Y are added into a crucible to be mixed with the molten materials, the second-stage smelting is started, the smelting temperature is reduced from the first smelting temperature to the second smelting temperature, the second stirring is started, and the stirring speed is controlled at 150rpm; the heat preservation time of the second smelting temperature is 0.4h, namely the duration of the second stirring is 0.4h, and the second smelting temperature is preferably 1010 ℃ so that the raw materials In, cd and Y are melted In the melt;
s2.3, after the second-stage smelting is completed, starting to perform third-stage smelting, in the third-stage smelting, firstly reducing the smelting temperature to a third smelting temperature, and then starting to perform third stirring, wherein the third smelting temperature is preferably 860 ℃, the heat preservation time of the third smelting temperature is 1h, and the stirring speed is controlled at 150rpm, so that the raw materials Ag, cdO, in, cd, Y can be fully and uniformly fused, and the generated yttrium oxide particles can be uniformly distributed in an alloy matrix;
and S2.4, after the smelting In the third stage is completed, pouring the molten liquid into a casting mold, and naturally cooling the molten liquid to obtain the Ag-In-Cd alloy cast ingot.
S3, carrying out rolling deformation treatment on the Ag-In-Cd alloy obtained In the step S2, and carrying out annealing treatment after rolling is finished; preferably, the rolling deformation temperature is 390 ℃, the rolling ratio is 5.6, the intermediate temperature annealing treatment is carried out after the rolling is finished, the annealing temperature is 460 ℃, and the annealing heat preservation time is 1.5h, so that the yttrium oxide dispersion strengthening Ag-In-Cd alloy material is finally obtained.
The prepared Ag-In-Cd alloy material is cut and processed, mechanical property detection and microstructure analysis are carried out, and the metallographic microstructure of the Ag-In-Cd alloy shown In the attached figure 2 is referred to, and the analysis shows that yttrium oxide particles are hardly observed In a low-power metallographic photograph, so that the size of the yttrium oxide particles is very small, and obvious agglomeration does not occur. In order to further observe the morphology of the yttria particles, further TEM observation is required.
Fig. 3 is a TEM photograph of the prepared Ag-In-Cd core material, from which it can be seen that a large amount of yttria particles are dispersed In the Ag-In-Cd alloy matrix, and the yttria particles are very fine In size, on the order of 10 nm, and it can be seen that the nano yttria particle dispersion-strengthened Ag-In-Cd alloy with excellent quality can be prepared In the above implementation method, and the yttria particles In the obtained Ag-In-Cd alloy are very uniformly distributed, which indicates that the above preparation method can well control the distribution uniformity and grain size of the doped phase (yttria particles). Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a TEM photograph of an Ag-In-Cd core material after a certain plastic deformation, from which it can be seen that many dislocations appear In a wavy form In an alloy matrix containing nano yttrium oxide particles, which indicates that the nano yttrium oxide particles have a strong pinning effect on the dislocation movement, and can effectively improve the strength of the aglncd control rod core material.
Embodiment two:
the neutron absorber material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 14.8% In, 5.0% Cd, 0.32% Y, 0.11% O, the balance Ag and unavoidable impurities.
The neutron absorber material in embodiment two is prepared by the following steps:
step S1, weighing a raw material Ag, cdO, in, cd, Y according to a certain proportion according to the element proportioning scheme of the material, wherein the weight ratio of Ag to CdO is 100:1, the weight ratio of CdO to Y is 2.17:1, the weight ratio of Ag to In is 5.33:1, and the weight ratio of Ag to Cd is 16:1.
And S2, adding the Ag, cdO, in, cd, Y raw material into a vacuum stirring smelting furnace for smelting by a multi-stage smelting process, so as to obtain the Ag-In-Cd alloy containing the yttrium oxide particles, wherein the multi-stage smelting process comprises three stages of smelting, and the multi-stage smelting process is subdivided into three steps according to the element proportion of the neutron absorber material In the step S2, and the method comprises the following specific steps of:
s2.1, placing raw materials Ag and CdO into a crucible, placing the crucible into a vacuum stirring smelting furnace for first-stage smelting, and starting to melt the raw materials Ag and CdO after the heating temperature reaches the first smelting temperature, wherein a stirrer of the vacuum stirring smelting furnace is started for first stirring, and the stirring speed is 150rpm; the heat preservation time of the first smelting temperature is 0.5h, namely the duration of the first stirring is 0.5h, the first smelting temperature is preferably 1160 ℃, and under the condition, the raw materials Ag and CdO can be fully melted;
s2.2, after the first-stage smelting is finished, stirring is stopped, raw materials In, cd and Y are added into a crucible to be mixed with the molten materials, the second-stage smelting is started, the smelting temperature is reduced from the first smelting temperature to the second smelting temperature, the second stirring is started, and the stirring speed is controlled at 150rpm; the heat preservation time of the second smelting temperature is 0.4h, namely the duration of the second stirring is 0.4h, and the second smelting temperature is preferably 1030 ℃ so that the raw materials In, cd and Y are melted In the melt;
s2.3, after the second-stage smelting is completed, starting to perform third-stage smelting, in the third-stage smelting, firstly reducing the smelting temperature to a third smelting temperature, and then starting to perform third stirring, wherein the third smelting temperature is preferably 860 ℃, the heat preservation time of the third smelting temperature is 1.2h, and the stirring speed is controlled at 150rpm, so that the raw materials Ag, cdO, in, cd, Y can be fully and uniformly fused, and the generated yttrium oxide particles can be uniformly distributed in an alloy matrix;
and S2.4, after the smelting In the third stage is completed, pouring the molten liquid into a casting mold, and naturally cooling the molten liquid to obtain the Ag-In-Cd alloy cast ingot.
S3, carrying out rolling deformation treatment on the Ag-In-Cd alloy obtained In the step S2, and carrying out annealing treatment after rolling is finished; preferably, the rolling deformation temperature is 390 ℃, the rolling ratio is 5.2, the intermediate temperature annealing treatment is carried out after the rolling is finished, the annealing temperature is 460 ℃, and the annealing heat preservation time is 1.5h, so that the yttrium oxide dispersion strengthening Ag-In-Cd alloy material is finally obtained.
The prepared Ag-In-Cd alloy material is cut and processed, and mechanical property detection and microstructure analysis are performed, and the obtained detection result is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, and is not repeated here.
Embodiment III:
the neutron absorber material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 14.9% In, 4.7% Cd, 0.57% Y, 0.18% O, the balance Ag and unavoidable impurities.
The neutron absorber material in embodiment three is prepared by the following steps:
step S1, weighing a raw material Ag, cdO, in, cd, Y according to a certain proportion according to the element proportioning scheme of the material, wherein the weight ratio of Ag to CdO is 50:1, the weight ratio of CdO to Y is 2.17:1, the weight ratio of Ag to In is 5.33:1, and the weight ratio of Ag to Cd is 16:1.
And S2, adding the Ag, cdO, in, cd, Y raw material into a vacuum stirring smelting furnace for smelting by a multi-stage smelting process, so as to obtain the Ag-In-Cd alloy containing yttrium oxide particles, wherein the multi-stage smelting process comprises three stages of smelting, and the multi-stage smelting process is subdivided into three steps according to the element proportion of a neutron absorber material In the step S2, and the method comprises the following specific steps of:
s2.1, placing raw materials Ag and CdO into a crucible, placing the crucible into a vacuum stirring smelting furnace for first-stage smelting, and starting to melt the raw materials Ag and CdO after the heating temperature reaches the first smelting temperature, wherein a stirrer of the vacuum stirring smelting furnace is started for first stirring, and the stirring speed is 180rpm; the heat preservation time of the first smelting temperature is 0.7h, namely the duration of the first stirring is 0.7h, the first smelting temperature is preferably 1180 ℃, and under the condition, the raw materials Ag and CdO can be fully melted;
s2.2, after the first-stage smelting is finished, stirring is stopped, raw materials In, cd and Y are added into a crucible to be mixed with the molten materials, the second-stage smelting is started, the smelting temperature is reduced from the first smelting temperature to the second smelting temperature, the second stirring is started, and the stirring speed is controlled at 180rpm; the heat preservation time of the second smelting temperature is 0.5h, namely the duration of the second stirring is 0.5h, and the second smelting temperature is preferably 1050 ℃ so that the raw materials In, cd and Y are melted In the melt;
s2.3, after the second-stage smelting is completed, starting to perform third-stage smelting, in the third-stage smelting, firstly reducing the smelting temperature to a third smelting temperature, and then starting to perform third stirring, wherein the third smelting temperature is preferably 860 ℃, the heat preservation time of the third smelting temperature is 1.5h, and the stirring speed is controlled at 180rpm, so that the raw materials Ag, cdO, in, cd, Y can be fully and uniformly fused, and the generated yttrium oxide particles can be uniformly distributed in an alloy matrix;
and S2.4, after the smelting In the third stage is completed, pouring the molten liquid into a casting mold, and naturally cooling the molten liquid to obtain the Ag-In-Cd alloy cast ingot.
S3, carrying out rolling deformation treatment on the Ag-In-Cd alloy obtained In the step S2, and carrying out annealing treatment after rolling is finished; preferably, the rolling deformation temperature is 390 ℃, the rolling ratio is 5.8, the intermediate temperature annealing treatment is carried out after the rolling is finished, the annealing temperature is 460 ℃, and the annealing heat preservation time is 1.5h, so that the yttrium oxide dispersion strengthening Ag-In-Cd alloy material is finally obtained.
The prepared Ag-In-Cd alloy material is cut and processed, and mechanical property detection and microstructure analysis are performed, so that the obtained detection result is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, and the details are not repeated here.
The control rod cores prepared from the Ag-In-Cd alloy materials prepared In the three examples were subjected to room temperature tensile property tests, and the obtained test results are shown In Table 1 below:
TABLE 1 Room temperature tensile Property data for AgInCd control rod core Material
| Material | Yield strength (MPa) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) |
| Traditional AgInCd alloy | 140.2 | 332.5 | 48.5 |
| Ag-In-Cd alloy prepared In embodiment | 214.4 | 511.8 | 46.0 |
| Ag-In-Cd alloy prepared In embodiment II | 238.2 | 527.6 | 45.5 |
| Ag-In-Cd alloy prepared In embodiment III | 245.9 | 540.4 | 42.5 |
As shown In the table, the strength of the Ag-In-Cd alloy can be greatly improved through the dispersion-distributed nano yttrium oxide particles generated by In-situ reaction In the Ag-In-Cd alloy, the yield strength of the prepared yttrium oxide dispersion-strengthened AgInCd alloy is more than or equal to 210MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 500MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 40%. The yield strength and the tensile strength are improved by more than 50 percent compared with the traditional Ag-In-Cd alloy, and the elongation percentage is not obviously reduced. In the second and third embodiments, the addition amount of CdO and Y is larger than that in the first embodiment, and the amount of generated nano yttrium oxide particles is larger, so that the strength of the AgInCd alloy prepared in the second and third embodiments is higher than that in the first embodiment.
Besides adopting the three embodiments, the applicant also carries out a plurality of groups of experiments aiming at different technological parameter schemes, and the specific parameter value intervals obtained through the experiments are as follows:
parameter value interval of multi-stage smelting process: step S2 is executed in a vacuum smelting mode, and the vacuum degree is lower than 10Pa; the first smelting temperature is 1150-1190 ℃, and the first stirring time is 0.5-1 h; the second smelting temperature is 1000-1050 ℃, and the second stirring time is 0.4-0.6 h; the third smelting temperature is 850-880 ℃, and the third stirring time is 1-1.5 h. The Ag-In-Cd alloy with the yttrium oxide particles prepared under the condition parameters can obtain the yttrium oxide particles with very small size, the Ag-In-Cd alloy with the dispersion strengthening of the nano yttrium oxide particles with excellent quality is prepared, the yttrium oxide particles In the obtained Ag-In-Cd alloy are uniformly distributed, the nano yttrium oxide particles have strong pinning effect on dislocation movement, and the strength of the AgInCd control rod core material can be effectively improved.
And (3) a rolling annealing process parameter value interval: the rolling deformation temperature is 350-400 ℃, and the rolling ratio is more than or equal to 5; the annealing temperature is 450-480 ℃, and the annealing heat preservation time is 1-1.5 h. Under the condition of the rolling annealing process parameters, the hardness and the residual stress of the obtained alloy can be reduced, the deformation and crack tendency are reduced, the crystal grains are thinned, the metallographic structure is adjusted, and the structure defect is eliminated, so that the high-quality control rod core material with low hardness, good plasticity and high strength is obtained.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the control rod neutron absorber material is characterized In that the neutron absorber material comprises an Ag-In-Cd alloy matrix and yttrium oxide particles which are dispersed and uniformly distributed In the Ag-In-Cd alloy matrix;
the neutron absorber material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 14.6 to 15.2 percent of In, 4.5 to 5.3 percent of Cd, 0.15 to 0.6 percent of Y, 0.05 to 0.2 percent of O, and the balance of Ag and unavoidable impurities;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step S1, weighing Ag, cdO, in, cd, Y raw materials;
s2, smelting the Ag, cdO, in, cd, Y raw material by adopting a multi-stage smelting process to obtain the Ag-In-Cd alloy containing the yttrium oxide particles, wherein the multi-stage smelting process comprises smelting In at least two stages;
and step S3, carrying out rolling deformation treatment on the Ag-In-Cd alloy, and carrying out annealing treatment after rolling.
2. The method for preparing the control rod neutron absorber material according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentages of the elements in the neutron absorber material are as follows: 14.9% In, 4.7% Cd, 0.57% Y, 0.18% O, the balance Ag and unavoidable impurities.
3. The method for preparing the control rod neutron absorber material according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentages of the elements in the neutron absorber material are as follows: 14.8% In, 5.0% Cd, 0.32% Y, 0.11% O, the balance Ag and unavoidable impurities.
4. The method for preparing the control rod neutron absorber material according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentages of the elements in the neutron absorber material are as follows: 15.1% In, 4.9% Cd, 0.16% Y, 0.06% O, the balance Ag and unavoidable impurities.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S2 comprises:
s2.1, firstly smelting Ag and CdO raw materials in a first stage, and after the heating temperature reaches the first smelting temperature, simultaneously stirring for the first time;
s2.2, adding In, cd and Y raw materials for second-stage smelting, reducing the heating temperature to a second smelting temperature and stirring for the second time;
s2.3, regulating the heating temperature to be reduced to a third smelting temperature, and stirring the molten liquid for the third time;
and S2.4, pouring the molten liquid, and cooling and forming to form the Ag-In-Cd alloy.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the conditions of the multi-stage smelting process are:
vacuum smelting, wherein the vacuum degree is lower than 10Pa;
the first smelting temperature is 1150-1190 ℃, and the first stirring time is 0.5-1 h;
the second smelting temperature is 1000-1050 ℃, and the second stirring time is 0.4-0.6 h;
the third smelting temperature is 850-880 ℃, and the third stirring time is 1-1.5 h.
7. The method for producing a control rod neutron absorber material according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the rolling deformation temperature is 350 to 400 ℃, and the rolling ratio is not less than 5.
8. The method for producing a control rod neutron absorber material according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the annealing temperature is 450 to 480 ℃ and the annealing holding time is 1 to 1.5 hours.
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