CN115673382A - Deep hole machining method and device - Google Patents
Deep hole machining method and device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 210
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 48
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009683 ultrasonic thickness measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B41/02—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for boring deep holes; Trepanning, e.g. of gun or rifle barrels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B47/00—Constructional features of components specially designed for boring or drilling machines; Accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/20—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work before or after the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/22—Control or regulation of position of tool or workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
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Abstract
The invention relates to a deep hole machining method and device, and belongs to the technical field of machining. The method comprises the following steps: the control unit obtains deviation data of the actual hole position of the workpiece relative to the ideal hole position based on a detection unit which can move relative to the workpiece in the circumferential direction and/or the axial direction; the control unit controls the feeding state of the drilling tool unit and/or the correction acting force of the correction unit based on the deviation data, so that the detection unit and the correction unit can respectively act on the sections of the workpieces on the downstream of the drilling tool unit in the machining direction to match the dynamic feeding of the drilling tool unit and the automatic deviation correction of the correction unit, and the correction unit radially applies the correction acting force for generating elastic deformation for offsetting radial deviation to the correction acting position of the workpieces in a manner of being arranged at intervals around the circumferential surface of the workpieces. The deep hole machining process based on the method can comprehensively judge a plurality of factors influencing deviation measurement and deviation correction control so as to realize the effects of accurate detection, automatic feeding and intelligent deviation correction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a deep hole machining technology, and specifically relates to a deep hole machining method and device.
Background
The deep hole processing technology is widely applied to the industrial fields of aerospace, energy mining, automobile manufacturing, petrifaction, metallurgy, instruments and meters, national defense equipment manufacturing and the like, has high processing difficulty and high manufacturing cost, and becomes one of the difficulties in the mechanical manufacturing technology. In particular, deep hole means a hole with a ratio of hole depth to hole diameter of greater than or equal to 5, and especially in deep hole processing with a ratio of hole depth to hole diameter of greater than 20, the processing difficulty is that: the tool is slender, so that the tool system has low rigidity; the cutter is easy to deflect due to self-guiding; heat dissipation is difficult, and chip removal is difficult; the diameter is easy to be enlarged, and the phenomena of taper or hole deflection and the like are easy to occur, so that the processing precision can not meet the quality requirement.
The deep hole machining process is complex, and factors causing hole axis deviation are various, such as insufficient rigidity of a cutter bar, initial deflection of a cutter, self weight of the cutter bar, a machining mode, geometric parameter influence of the cutter and the like. Meanwhile, deep hole machining is mostly conducted in a closed state or a semi-closed state, so that the deep hole machining has the characteristics of sealing and invisibility, and a common cutter detection method and instrument cannot be applied to the state detection of the deep hole machining, so that effective monitoring is difficult to conduct in the deep hole machining process. With the continuous improvement of the requirements of various fields on the deep hole machining quality, quality control methods such as deviation detection and deviation correction need to be introduced in the deep hole machining process to improve the machining precision so as to improve the machining quality.
The prior art is used for BTA deviation to detect and the scheme of rectifying includes: the deviation detection and correction part is improved or added aiming at the drilling tool unit, so that the drilling tool unit can carry out deviation correction control based on the structural stability of the drilling tool unit or passive/active adjustment measures; and arranging a detection device or a deviation correction device for the workpiece, and analyzing and controlling the deviation correction device to apply deviation correction control measures to the workpiece or the drilling tool unit based on deviation detection data.
For example, chinese patent publication No. CN102658382B discloses an automatic correction frame for deep hole processing of a non-magnetic drilling tool, which structurally comprises a bed body and an automatic correction frame mounted thereon; the automatic correction frame comprises a machine base, a rotary sleeve, a bearing, a top, a servo motor, a depth adjusting device, a laser data collector and a PC data processing control cabinet. The scheme of the invention is based on that the laser detection device obtains the deflection data of the surface of the workpiece deviating from the calibration light, and the correction frame adjusts the servo mechanism based on the deflection data, so that the support points of the correction frame positioned in different radial directions are automatically adjusted to correct the deflection of the workpiece.
The Chinese patent with the publication number CN112077362B discloses a hydraulic-based medium-and-small-diameter deep hole machining self-correcting system, which comprises an inner revolving body, an outer revolving body and a driving mechanism; the inner revolving body is sleeved on the periphery of the drill rod and is fixed relative to the drill rod; the cutting fluid is filled between the inner revolving body and the outer revolving body, so that a flow channel is formed between the inner revolving body and the outer revolving body, the flow channel comprises a plurality of circumferentially uniformly distributed wedge-shaped flow channels, when the inner revolving body is driven by the driving mechanism to rotate, the cutting fluid enters the small end from the large end of the wedge-shaped flow channel, and the pressure flow and the shear flow are superposed to generate oil film pressure to realize self-centering and self-correcting of the drill rod. A wedge-shaped flowing space is formed between a wedge-shaped entity and an outer sleeve, and oil film pressure in the wedge-shaped space provides circumferentially symmetrical self-centering force in a normal state; when the drill rod deflects, the wedge-shaped space generates oil film pressure, namely self-correcting force, and the drill rod can be pushed back to the correct axis by utilizing the self-correcting force, so that the self-correction of the axis deflection is realized.
Chinese patent No. CN112247205B discloses a gun drill for deep hole machining based on piezoceramic material deviation correction and a deviation correction method. The piezoelectric gun drill comprises a piezoelectric drill bit and a piezoelectric drill rod; two strip tile-shaped piezoelectric ceramics are arranged at the front end of the piezoelectric drill rod, the circumferential angle difference of the two strip tile-shaped piezoelectric ceramics is 90 degrees, and the tile-shaped piezoelectric ceramics are used for detecting voltage change caused by axial stress generated when the drill rod is bent due to the deflection of the axis, so that the direction and the size of the deflection of the axis are judged; the piezoelectric drill bit is welded with an arc-shaped entity, three cylindrical grooves are machined in the circumferential direction, cylindrical piezoelectric ceramics are installed in the grooves, a hard alloy protective layer is adhered to the upper surface of the cylindrical piezoelectric ceramics and forms interference fit with the hole wall, the cylindrical piezoelectric ceramics are radially deformed by applying an external voltage signal and are extruded with the machined hole wall, and the inclined drill bit is pushed back to the correct position.
Based on the analysis, in the scheme of the prior art for deep hole processing based on passive feedback deviation rectification adjustment of the self structure of the drilling tool unit, the setting mode of self deviation rectification based on oil circuit hydraulic pressure is easily influenced by the change of a flow channel structure and a flow state, for example, the drilling tool is subjected to non-central stress balance due to the blockage of the flow channel; the drilling tool unit is provided with the detection part and the deviation rectifying part, so that the processing difficulty of the drilling tool unit is further improved, the self rigidity of the drilling tool unit is weakened, and the probability of deflection and jumping of the drilling tool unit is increased;
in an active deviation control scheme based on external deviation detection, deviation data serving as deviation correction control input information only can be specific to workpiece surface deviation data and actual deviation data of an internal deep hole cannot be obtained, so that unexpected deviation data measurement errors are introduced, and particularly in blind hole machining or eccentric machining processes, the existing scheme cannot provide a real-time dynamic control scheme capable of comprehensively considering detection and deviation correction influence factors for deviation correction control.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at least part of defects provided by the prior art, the application provides a deep hole machining method, which comprises the following steps: the control unit obtains deviation data of an actual hole position of the workpiece relative to an ideal hole position based on a detection unit capable of moving circumferentially and/or axially relative to the workpiece, wherein the deviation data comprises radial deviation of a plurality of detection sections distributed along the axial direction of the workpiece and the change rate of the radial deviation along the axial direction of the workpiece; the control unit controls the feeding state of the drilling tool unit and/or the correction acting force of the correction unit based on the deviation data, so that the detection unit and the correction unit can respectively act on the workpiece section of the workpiece at the downstream of the drilling tool unit in the machining direction to match the dynamic feeding of the drilling tool unit and the automatic deviation correction of the correction unit; wherein the correcting unit applies a correcting action force for generating elastic deformation that cancels the radial deviation in the radial direction to the workpiece in such a manner that the correcting action positions are arranged at intervals around the circumferential surface of the workpiece.
The deep hole processing method is used for solving the problem that in the existing scheme about deep hole processing deviation measurement and deviation correction control, the scheme of performing passive deviation correction control based on a drilling tool structure and performing active deviation correction based on deviation detection is difficult to adapt to the conditions of blind hole processing, eccentric processing, small-size deep holes and the like. Compared with deviation data acquired based on a drilling tool unit or the surface of a workpiece in the prior art, the radial deviation of the cross section of the workpiece where the detection unit is located can be acquired based on ultrasonic thickness measurement and positioning angle measurement, the radial deviations of the cross sections of the workpieces distributed along the axial direction of the workpiece can be acquired based on movement detection, the deviation data of the cross sections of the workpieces can also be used for calculating and acquiring the change rate of the radial deviation along the axial direction, so that the control unit can acquire the deviation degree and the deviation development trend of the actual drilling position relative to the designed position based on the change rate of the radial deviation and the radial deviation along the axial direction, and the deviation degree and the deviation development trend can provide fine data support for control adjustment of the drilling tool unit and the correction unit.
Compare in the scheme of arranging the part of rectifying in drilling tool unit, the mode of rectifying based on the outside correction effort of applying does not receive the restriction of deep hole size of a dimension in this application, has also avoided the adverse effect to drilling tool unit stable in structure and self rigidity. Under the condition that the correction unit obtains the deviation degrees and the deviation development trends of the sections of a plurality of tools, the correction unit considers the action position and the action force of the workpiece and the working states of the drilling tool unit and the detection unit in a combined manner to comprehensively judge a plurality of factors influencing deviation measurement and deviation correction control, so that the deep hole machining process based on the application method can achieve the optimized working conditions of accurate detection, automatic feeding and intelligent deviation correction.
Preferably, the correcting unit is provided with a plurality of pressure applying mechanisms which are arranged along the axial direction of the workpiece, and the pressure applying mechanisms are controlled by the moving mechanism to move in the axial direction in an independent mode so as to adapt to the dynamic process of deep hole machining; the plurality of pressing mechanisms are respectively provided with pressing surfaces which can contact different circumferential positions of the section of the workpiece, so that the plurality of pressing surfaces are arranged around the axis of the section of the workpiece and apply correction acting force along the radial direction of the section of the workpiece. The arrangement mode that the correction unit surrounds the workpiece can generate correction acting force in any direction based on resultant force, the correction acting force can be suitable for radial deviation in different directions, particularly for a drill collar workpiece made of high-manganese, high-nickel and high-chromium alloy materials, the correction acting force acting in the radial direction can generate elastic deformation for offsetting the radial deviation, the elastic deformation acts on the downstream of a machining position, and the elastic deformation is larger than the radial deviation, so that the correction unit can correct the machining direction to ensure the machining quality.
Preferably, the workpiece sections acted on by the detection unit, the drill unit and the correction unit are respectively a detection section, a machining section and a correction section, the detection section, the machining section and the correction section are all perpendicular to the axial direction of the workpiece, wherein the detection section, the machining section and the correction section are arranged from the upstream to the downstream in the machining direction. The detection distance between the detection section and the machining section is set according to the feeding state of the drilling tool unit, and the feeding state of the drilling tool unit at least comprises a feeding speed and a feeding depth, so that the detection distance is in positive correlation with the feeding depth and the feeding speed respectively. The feed state of the drill unit comprises at least a feed speed and a feed depth, and the correction distance between the correction cross section and the machining cross section can be set according to the feed speed of the drill unit and the radial deviation of the deviation data such that the correction distance is positively correlated with the feed speed and negatively correlated with the absolute value of the radial deviation. The relative position relations and the space size of the detection section, the machining section and the correction section along the axial direction are adjusted by comprehensively considering the influences on detection, feeding and deviation correction control, so that the position relations and the space are optimized and configured based on the feeding speed, the radial deviation, the change rate of the radial deviation along the axial direction and the workpiece parameters.
Preferably, the control unit obtains a predicted radial deviation of the corrected cross section based on the radial deviation of the detected cross section and the rate of change of the radial deviation in the axial direction in combination with the calculation analysis of the detected distance and the corrected distance, so that the predicted radial deviation can be used as input data for the correction unit to automatically correct the deviation. The control unit obtains the correction force applied to the correction section based on the predicted radial deviation of the correction section and the rate of change in the radial deviation of the detection section in the axial direction in combination with the computational analysis of the workpiece parameters. Because the detection section is positioned at the upstream of the correction section, the time delay exists in the deviation data of the detection section, the radial deviation of the detection section, the change rate of the radial deviation along the axial direction and the continuity of the axial development of the deviation data are considered, the control unit can calculate the predicted radial deviation of the correction section on the basis of the deviation data of the detection section, the predicted radial deviation can be used as input data for automatic deviation correction of the correction unit, and the size of elastic deformation generated by correction acting force is adjusted by combining the change rate of the radial deviation along the axial direction, so that the efficiency and the smoothness of deviation correction control of the correction unit are improved.
Preferably, the deviation data is obtained by combining the characteristic thickness of the actual hole site relative to the surface of the workpiece and the characteristic angle of the actual hole site relative to the ideal hole site with the workpiece parameters; the characteristic thickness refers to an extreme distance value between an actual hole position and the outer surface of the workpiece, and the characteristic angle refers to a deviation angle of the actual hole position relative to an ideal hole position.
Preferably, the feed condition of the drill unit comprises at least a feed speed, such that the feed speed of the drill unit at the machining section is configured as a function of the relative radial deviation and/or the rate of change of the radial deviation in the axial direction. The adjustment of the feeding speed can reduce the development speed of deviation, and simultaneously can provide reaction time for applying correction acting force for the correction control of the correction unit, so that the correction effect of the correction unit on the downstream of the processing position can be matched with the advancing speed of the drilling tool unit, and the correction quality is ensured.
Preferably, the control unit is used for indicating the deviation degree of the deep hole machining at different workpiece section positions and the deviation development trend of the deviation degree along the axial direction based on the radial deviation and the change of the radial deviation along the axial direction.
The present application also provides a deep hole processing apparatus that performs deep hole processing work based on the above deep hole processing method, the apparatus including: the hole position correcting device comprises a detecting unit for obtaining deviation data of an actual hole position of the workpiece relative to an ideal hole position, a correcting unit for controlling the application of correcting acting force along the radial direction of the workpiece based on the deviation data, and a control unit respectively connected with the detecting unit and the correcting unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout of a detection unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of a calibration unit in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of a pressing mechanism according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic connection diagram of a deep hole drilling apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
List of reference numerals
1: a workpiece; 2: ideal hole positions; 3: actual hole positions; 4: a detection unit: 5: a traveling unit; 6: a drilling tool unit; 7: a control unit; 8: a processing machine tool; 9: a correction unit; 10: a pressure applying mechanism; 11: and a moving mechanism.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method aims at solving the problem that the deviation detection and deviation correction control scheme related to deep hole machining in the prior art is not suitable for the deep hole machining processes of blind hole machining, eccentric drilling, small-size and the like, and especially aims at solving the problem that the deviation detection and deviation correction control scheme related to deep hole machining is not suitable for the deep hole machining processes of blind hole machining, eccentric drilling, small-size and the like, and especially aims at the deep hole machining process of non-magnetic material type oil drilling tools such as drill collars and the like, because the material is strong in flexibility and extremely easy to bend, and the dynamic drilling process is easy to cause local bending deformation or axis deviation of a workpiece 1, so that accurate and effective real-time deviation detection and deviation correction control in the dynamic machining process have important significance for guaranteeing the deep hole machining quality. For example, a drill collar for oil drilling and exploitation is mostly made of high manganese, high nickel and high chromium alloy materials, the hardness of the drill collar can reach more than 40HRC, the yield strength can reach about 1100MPa, inevitable and unpredictable deviation can be generated in the advancing process of a drilling tool due to the characteristics of the materials and the nonuniformity of the internal stress hardness of a workpiece, and the deviation can be sharply increased in a nonlinear manner along with the increase of processing parameters such as the radial-to-length ratio, so that the accurate measurement of the deviation degree and the deviation development trend in the deep hole processing process is the basis for effective deviation correction control on the deep hole processing process.
In the prior art, a passive feedback deviation rectifying and active measurement deviation rectifying scheme based on a drilling tool structure is limited by the size of a deep hole and cannot be applied to a small-size deep hole, and a detection part and a deviation rectifying part are arranged on the drilling tool structure to further improve the complexity of the drilling tool and weaken the rigidity of the drilling tool, so that the stability of the drilling tool is not kept in the deep hole processing advancing process, and the adverse effect of the drilling tool structure on the deviation development is easily amplified; the existing deviation detection and deviation correction control scheme based on the external structure is insufficient for detecting and analyzing the deviation degree and the deviation development trend in the dynamic advancing process of deep hole machining, so that the measured deviation data cannot comprehensively reflect the influence brought by machining parameters, detection arrangement and deviation correction feedback.
Therefore, the present application proposes a deep hole processing method and a deep hole processing apparatus, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the apparatus includes a detection unit 4, a correction unit 9 and a control unit 7, the method obtains radial deviation and change rate of the radial deviation along the axial direction on a plurality of workpiece sections based on a manner that the detection unit 4 measures relative position parameters of an actual drilling position and an ideal drilling position, so that the control unit 7 can obtain deviation degrees of deep hole processing on different workpiece section positions and deviation development trends of the deviation degrees along the axial direction based on the change rates of the radial deviation and the radial deviation along the axial direction; as shown in fig. 4, the control unit 7 controls the feeding state of the drill unit 6 based on the above-mentioned degree of deviation and the deviation development tendency, the feeding state may include the drill size model, the feeding speed, the feeding depth, and the like, so that the feeding state of the drill unit 6 is matched with the deviation detection of the detection unit 4; the control unit 7 adjusts the correction unit 9 for deviation correction control based on the working states of the detection unit 4 and the drilling tool unit 6 to perform deviation correction, so that the method of the present application can realize deviation measurement, automatic feed adjustment and deviation correction control in the deep hole machining process.
In the deep hole processing process of the workpiece 1 based on the method, due to the difference of the action positions of the detection unit 4, the drilling unit 6 and the correction unit 9 on the workpiece 1, the action sections are respectively defined as a detection section, a processing section and a correction section. As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the workpiece 1 is limited to a processing machine tool 8, the workpiece 1 defines an ideal hole site 2 for indicating a processing design position and an actual hole site 3 for indicating an actual processing position, the detection unit 4 is arranged on the circumferential surface of the workpiece 1 and controls the detection unit 4 to move in the circumferential direction or the axial direction of the workpiece 1 based on the advancing unit 5 so as to match a deep hole processing dynamic advancing process, so that the detection unit 4 measures position parameters of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2 based on ultrasonic thickness measurement and angle measurement, and the control unit 7 obtains radial deviation data of the ideal actual hole site 3 relative to an ideal vacancy on a detection cross section based on the position parameters and decomposes the radial deviation data to mutually perpendicular directions so as to facilitate analysis and calculation.
Specifically, in order to better characterize the machining position of the ideal hole site 2 and provide a reference basis for the positioning of the detection unit 4, the workpiece 1 may be machined with a positioning mark arranged along the axial direction on the circumferential surface closest to the ideal hole site 2, the positioning mark may be a shallow slot with scales, the scales may be used for indicating the extending distance along the axial direction, and the shallow slot may provide a positioning reference for the component arranged on the outer surface of the workpiece 1. For the situation that the ideal hole site 2 is located at the axis or the eccentric position of the workpiece, the actual hole site 3 has radial deviation on the detection cross section relative to the ideal hole site 2, and the radial deviation can be decomposed into two deviation amounts in the mutually perpendicular directions, so that the corresponding deviation-correcting measures can obtain accurate input parameters for deviation-correcting control based on the deviation amounts in the mutually perpendicular directions. For example, a diameter axis passing through the center of the ideal hole site 2 is defined as a Y-axis, and an axis perpendicular to the Y-axis and passing through the center of the workpiece is defined as an X-axis, so that the deviation of the actual hole site 3 from the ideal hole site 2 can be decomposed into the deviation amounts of the X-axis and the Y-axis. The position of the ideal hole position 2 is determined according to the specification and the processing requirement of the workpiece 1, so that the central position and the range of the ideal hole position 2 have definite parameters or parameter ranges in a coordinate system consisting of an X axis and a Y axis, and accurate positioning of the actual hole position 3 has important significance for accurately measuring the radial deviation on the detection section.
In order to accurately determine the actual hole site 3 generated in the deep hole processing process, the detection unit 4 performs positioning measurement on the actual hole site 3 by adopting ultrasonic thickness measurement and matching with angle measurement based on positioning marks and other modes to obtain position parameters of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2, wherein the position parameters comprise characteristic thickness and characteristic angle, the characteristic thickness refers to the distance extreme value of the actual hole site 3 from the outer surface of the workpiece 1, and the characteristic angle refers to the angle deviation of the characteristic thickness position measured by the detection unit 4 relative to the ideal hole site 2, namely the angle deviation of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2, so that the characteristic thickness and the characteristic angle can convert data under a polar coordinate system into radial deviation under a rectangular coordinate system and decompose the radial deviation to the mutually perpendicular direction by combining with the workpiece parameters.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the measurement of the characteristic thickness is realized based on an ultrasonic probe arranged on the outer surface of the workpiece 1, and the ultrasonic probe can move along the circumferential direction of the workpiece 1 and move along the axial direction of the workpiece 1 along with the detection unit 4 so as to meet the measurement requirement in the dynamic process of deep hole machining; the measurement of the characteristic angle is realized based on an angle measuring tool arranged on the outer surface of the workpiece 1, and the angle measuring tool can cover part of the outer surface of the workpiece 1 at least comprising the positioning mark, so that the angle measuring tool can be matched with an ultrasonic probe to obtain the characteristic angle of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2. In order to accurately measure the characteristic thickness and the characteristic angle, the ultrasonic probe can measure the minimum or maximum distance from the actual hole site 3 to the surface of the workpiece in the process that the ultrasonic probe moves along the circumferential direction of the workpiece 1, namely the characteristic thickness, and the characteristic thickness is the extreme point of the distance from the current position of the actual hole site 3 to the surface of the workpiece. For example, the ultrasonic probe and the angle measuring tool are arranged in a matched manner, the ultrasonic probe can move along the circumferential direction of the workpiece based on a measuring track arranged on one side, far away from the workpiece 1, of the angle measuring tool, so that the ultrasonic probe can obtain a distance function from an actual hole position 3 to the ultrasonic probe based on movable measurement along the circumferential direction of the workpiece, an independent variable is an angle deviation of the ultrasonic probe relative to a positioning mark, a dependent variable is thickness data, an extreme value in the thickness data, namely the maximum value or the minimum value of the distance from the actual hole position 3 to the surface of the workpiece 1, is selected as the characteristic thickness of the actual hole position 3, and the angle deviation of the characteristic thickness position measured by the ultrasonic probe can be used as a characteristic angle of the actual hole position 3 relative to an ideal hole position 2.
In the functional relationship of the thickness data of the actual hole position 3 from the circumferential surface of the workpiece 1 relative to the deviation angle of the ultrasonic probe and the positioning mark, because the deep hole processing hole forming and the ultrasonic probe have a symmetrical relationship relative to the extreme position along the moving path of the workpiece in the circumferential direction, the data or derivative relationship corresponding to the functional relationship should be symmetrical at the two ends of the extreme, so that the standard degree of the symmetrical relationship can be used for evaluating the hole forming quality and the development of the hole forming quality along the axial direction. Therefore, the degree of symmetry of the functional relationship with respect to the vertical axis of the location of the extreme value is used to characterize the hole-forming circumference, and the quality of the formed hole is characterized based on the derivative relationship of the functional relationship in the range including the extreme value and the change of the derivative relationship in the axial direction.
Therefore, deviation data of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2 on the detection cross section can be obtained based on the calculation of the characteristic thickness, the characteristic angle and the workpiece size, and the deviation data comprises radial deviation of a plurality of detection cross sections distributed along the axial direction of the workpiece 1 and the change rate of the radial deviation along the axial direction of the workpiece. Defining the deviation component of the radial deviation on the X axis as a first deviation, and defining the deviation component of the radial deviation on the Y axis as a second deviation, so that the first deviation and the second deviation can represent the deviation degree of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2; and defining the change rates of the first deviation and the second deviation on a plurality of sections in the machining direction as a third deviation and a fourth deviation respectively, so that the third deviation and the fourth deviation can represent the development trend of the deviation of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2.
In order to match with the dynamic advancing process of deep hole machining, the movement of the detection unit 4 in the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the workpiece 1 is controlled by the walking unit, so that the control unit 7 can control the detection unit 4 to measure detection sections positioned at different axial positions of the workpiece 1 based on the walking unit and obtain radial deviation of the different detection section positions and the distribution condition of the radial deviation along the axial direction; the control unit 7 is in data connection with the detection unit 4 and the travelling unit 5, so that the control unit 7 can control the feed state of the drilling tool unit 6 and the correction force of the correction unit 9 on the basis of the deviation data; the drilling tool unit 6 rotates relative to the workpiece 1 and moves along the axial direction of the workpiece under the action of a motor; the correcting unit 9 is provided with a plurality of pressing mechanisms 10 along the axial direction of the workpiece, and the movement adjustment of the pressing mechanisms 10 along the axial direction is controlled by a moving structure, so that the pressing mechanisms 10 of the correcting unit 9 can adapt to the dynamic advancing process of deep hole machining.
In the deep hole processing process, the feeding speed of the drilling unit 6 in the feeding state has a key influence on the deviation development influence of the deep hole processing, compared with the high feeding speed, the drilling unit 6 is less prone to shaking and deflection of the drilling unit 6 at the low feeding speed, especially when the deviation degree or the deviation development trend of the actual hole position 3 relative to the ideal hole position 2 is obvious, the feeding speed is reduced to provide enough time for intervention adjustment of the deviation correcting part, so that the positive effect of the deviation correcting part on reducing the deep hole processing deviation is greater than the negative effect brought by the deviation of the drilling unit 6, and the feeding speed of the drilling unit 6 can be configured to be a function of the relative deviation degree and/or the deviation development trend.
In the deep hole machining process, the action positions of the detection unit 4, the drilling tool unit 6 and the correction unit 9 on the workpiece 1 are respectively defined as a detection section, a machining section and a correction section, wherein the detection section is positioned at the upstream of the machining section, and the distance between the machining section and the detection section is defined as a detection distance; the correction section is positioned at the downstream of the processing section, and the distance between the processing section and the correction section is defined as a correction distance; considering the influence of the cutting action of the drilling tool unit 6 on the machining section and the drilling finish degree on deviation measurement, the detection section is selected to be at the upstream of the detection distance from the machining section, the size of the detection distance is adjusted according to the feeding state of the drilling tool unit 6, and when the feeding speed of the drilling tool unit 6 is higher, the cutting action of the end part of the drilling tool and the workpiece 1 is stronger, so that the probability of deviation and jitter of the end part of the drilling tool relative to the workpiece 1 is higher; when the feeding depth of the drill unit 6 is larger, the drill unit 6 decreases its own rigidity due to the increase of the action length, so that the probability of the drill unit 6 shifting is increased, therefore, the setting of the detection distance should be performed according to the feeding state of the drill unit 6, so that the magnitude of the detection distance is positively correlated to the magnitude of the feeding depth and the feeding speed, respectively, for example, the detection distance is set in several stages in different magnitude ranges according to the feeding speed and the feeding depth, so that the detection distance is variably adjusted in a first preset range, which may be a multiple range with the machining parameter as a unit, so that the setting of the detection distance is based on the fact that the influence of the machining action on the deviation data is weakened as much as possible, and the time delay requirements of the control unit 7 for controlling the drill unit 6 and the correction unit 9 are also met, so that the setting of the detection distance can comprehensively consider the measurement error and the time delay control to achieve the optimized state of the machining process.
The correction distance of the correction section from the detection section is affected by the feed state and deviation data of the drill unit 6: when the feeding speed of the drilling unit 6 is faster, the correction distance of the correction section relative to the machining section should be prolonged to adapt to the change of the cutting distance of the drilling unit 6 relative to the workpiece 1 per unit time, so that the correction effect of the correction section on the drilling unit 6 can be kept for a proper action time; and the first deviation to the second deviation of the deviation data represents the deviation degree of the actual hole site 3 from the ideal hole site 2, so as to ensure the timeliness of deviation correction control, the correction distance is respectively in negative correlation with the absolute values of the first deviation and the second deviation, for example, the correction distance is configured as a negative correlation function of the square sum of the first deviation and the second deviation, so that the correction distance is changed within a second preset range, and the second preset range can be a multiple range taking the processing parameter as a unit, so that the adjustment of the correction distance can control the local bending deformation of the actual hole site 3 along the axial direction while effectively correcting the deviation in time.
As shown in fig. 2 to 3, the calibration unit 9 includes a plurality of pressure applying mechanisms 10 configured along the axial direction, the pressure applying mechanisms 10 control their movement in the axial direction through a moving mechanism 11 to adapt to the dynamic process of deep hole processing, the pressure applying mechanisms 10 are arranged along the axial direction of the workpiece and are centrosymmetric with respect to the central axis of the workpiece, so that the pressure applying surfaces of the pressure applying mechanisms 10 contacting different circumferential positions of the workpiece 1 can respectively apply calibration acting forces on corresponding circumferential surfaces of the workpiece 1, so that elastic deformation for offsetting radial deviation is generated in corresponding radial directions of the workpiece 1, thereby promoting the drill unit 6 to return to the ideal hole site 2 from the actual hole site 3. Specifically, when the pressing surfaces of the pressing mechanisms 10 are arranged on the correction cross section of the workpiece 1 and at 90-degree intervals on the workpiece surface, the directions of the correction forces of the pressing mechanisms 10 for generating elastic deformation correspond to the X-axis and the Y-axis of the workpiece 1, so that the correction forces of the pressing mechanisms 10 in the respective radial directions are determined based on the deviation components of the radial deviations in the X-axis and the Y-axis and the rate of change of the deviation components in the axial direction, that is, the correction forces of the pressing mechanisms 10 of the correction unit 9 in the X-axis and the Y-axis are determined based on the first deviation to the fourth deviation in the deviation data. The pressing mechanism 10 can provide the workpiece 1 with a corrective force at 90 degrees intervals in the radial direction based on the pressing surfaces arranged at intervals so that the drill unit 6 deviated from the desired hole site 2 can be returned to the design direction. Since the workpiece 1 is confined to the processing machine 8, the correction force applied by the correction unit 9 serves to create an elastic deformation that counteracts the radial deviation, and the pressing means 10, which are arranged axially along the workpiece 1 without taking part in the correction, can also serve as a stop for the workpiece 1 to assist in the positioning of the processing machine 8 on the workpiece 1, taking into account the elongated structural characteristics of the workpiece 1. Considering the first deviation and the second deviation in the deviation data, that is, the degree of deviation of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2 on the detection cross section, the pressing mechanism 10 of the correction unit 9 applies a correction acting force to the correction cross section on the workpiece 1, the correction cross section is located at the downstream of the detection cross section, that is, the elastic deformation generated by the correction acting force is based on the assumption that the degree of deviation is equal or similar to the detection cross section and the correction cross section, the accuracy degree of the degree of deviation of the correction cross section is predicted according to the degree of deviation of the detection cross section, which has positive significance for the efficiency and accuracy of deviation control, and considering that the third deviation and the fourth deviation can represent the deviation development trend of the radial deviation along the axial direction, the function operation of the first deviation to the fourth deviation can obtain the deviation degree prediction data of the correction cross section.
The control unit 7 obtains the magnitude and direction of the correction acting force of the correction unit 9 in the X axis and the Y axis based on the deviation data of the detected section measured by the detection unit 4 and combined with the physical parameters of the workpiece 1, so that the pressing mechanism 10 acting on the corrected section can respectively invoke the pressing surfaces respectively arranged on the two sides of the X axis and the Y axis to apply the correction acting force in the radial direction of the workpiece, and the correction acting force can generate elastic deformation for counteracting the radial deviation of the corrected section to urge the processing direction to return to the design direction.
Since the correcting unit 9 is provided with a plurality of pressing structures 10 in the axial machining direction of the workpiece 1, in order to ensure the accuracy of automatic deviation correction, the correcting unit 9 at least adopts a first pressing mechanism acting on a previous correcting section of the workpiece 1 and a second pressing mechanism acting on a current correcting section. Specifically, the automatic deviation rectification may be set as: in the first stage, a first pressure mechanism acting on a previous correction section and a second pressure mechanism acting on a current correction section respectively maintain stable correction acting forces, and the drilling tool unit 6 is started so that the drilling tool unit 6 moves from the previous correction section to the current correction section; in the second stage, when the drilling tool unit 6 moves to the current correction section, the drilling tool unit 6 is suspended, the second pressing mechanism moves to the next correction section, the first pressing mechanism moves to the current correction section, the first pressing mechanism acting on the current correction section applies the same correction acting force as the second pressing mechanism in the first stage, and the second pressing mechanism acting on the next correction section applies the correction acting force adjusted by the control unit 7; and a third stage: redefining the previous corrected section, the current corrected section and the next corrected section along the machining direction so that the current corrected section and the next corrected section become the updated previous corrected section and the current corrected section respectively, and then repeating the first stage to the third stage.
The drilling tool unit 6 is always subjected to the common deviation rectifying action of the two groups of pressure applying mechanisms 10 in the process of advancing in the machining process, so that the two groups of pressure applying mechanisms 10 can automatically rectify the deviation of deep hole machining in a mode of alternately matching and moving on adjacent rectifying sections.
As shown in fig. 1, deviation data of the actual hole site 3 from the ideal hole site 2 on the detected cross section can be obtained based on the calculation of the characteristic thickness, the characteristic angle and the workpiece size. The diameter of the outer circle of the workpiece 1 is defined as D, the processing aperture is defined as D, the distance between the center of the ideal hole site 2 and the axis of the workpiece is defined as R, the characteristic angle of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2 is defined as theta, the characteristic thickness of the actual hole site 3 measured by an ultrasonic probe is defined as b, the offset in the Y-axis direction is defined as Ly, and the offset in the X-axis direction is defined as Lx. A specific manner of calculating the correction force acting on the correction cross section from the deviation data (first deviation to fourth deviation) of the detection cross section is as follows:
a radial deviation of the detection cross section is defined as A, namely the deviation degree of the actual hole position 3 relative to the ideal hole position 2 on the detection cross section, and the components of the radial deviation A on X and Y axes are respectively a first deviation Ax and a second deviation Ay. And because the deviation development of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2 has randomness, the deviation direction of the actual hole site 3 center relative to the ideal hole site 2 center also has randomness, so that the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay can form a positive and negative combination distributed in four quadrants, and the directions of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are determined according to the positive and negative of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay, so that the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are positive or negative and represent that the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay respectively point to the positive and negative directions of an X axis and a Y axis.
As shown in fig. 1, in the case where the detection units 4 are arranged near the half circumference of the workpiece 1 in the Y-axis forward direction (ideal hole site 2):
first, when the detection unit 4 obtains the characteristic thickness based on the minimum value of the thickness data, and the actual hole site 3 is located in the upper half of the workpiece close to the positive half axis of the Y axis, the magnitudes and directions of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are calculated as follows:
regarding the magnitude of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay:
the component of the radial deviation a on the X axis is a first deviation Ax = Lx = [ (D/2) -b ] × sin θ; the component of the radial deviation a in the Y axis is a second deviation Ay = Ly = [ (D/2) -b ] × cos θ -R; wherein absolute value ranges of magnitudes of the characteristic angle θ on the left side of the Y axis and the right side of the Y axis are 0 ≦ θ ≦ pi/2, respectively. I.e. the size of the first deviation Ax is | Lx | and the size of the second deviation Ay is | Ly |.
With respect to the directions of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay:
defining the included angle between the radial deviation A and the X axis as alpha, and then tan alpha = | Ly | Lx |, then alpha is the included angle between the line connecting the center of the ideal hole site 2 and the center of the actual hole site 3 of the detection cross section and the X axis, and the range of alpha is 0 ≦ alpha < pi/2, so that the direction of the radial deviation points from the center of the ideal hole site 2 to the center of the actual hole site 3. The directions of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are determined according to the positive and negative of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay, so that the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are positive or negative to represent that the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay point to the positive and negative directions of the X axis and the Y axis, respectively.
The positive and negative of the first deviation Ax are assigned and determined by the control unit 7 according to the relative position relation and the positive and negative position relation of the X axis when the characteristic angle is measured by the detection unit 4, for example, when the characteristic angle is measured by the detection unit 4 to be positioned on a positive half axis of the X axis, the first deviation Ax is positive; when the detection unit 4 detects that the characteristic angle is located at the negative X-axis half axis, the first deviation Ax is negative.
The positive and negative of the second deviation Ay are determined according to the positive and negative of the Ly calculated value, and when the Ly calculated value is negative, the second deviation Ay is negative; when the Ly calculated value is positive, the second deviation Ay is positive.
Secondly, when the detection unit 4 obtains the characteristic thickness based on the maximum value of the thickness data, and the actual hole site 3 is located at the lower half part of the workpiece close to the negative half axis of the Y axis, the magnitude and direction of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are calculated as follows:
regarding the magnitude of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay:
the component of the radial deviation a on the X axis is a first deviation Ax = Lx = [ b + (D/2) - (D/2) ] -sin θ; the component of the radial deviation a in the Y axis is a second deviation Ay = Ly = [ b + (D/2) - (D/2) ] + cos θ + R; the absolute value ranges of the characteristic angle θ on the left side of the Y axis and on the right side of the Y axis are 0 ≦ | θ | pi/2, respectively, that is, the size of the first deviation Ax is | Lx |, and the size of the second deviation Ay is | Ly |.
With respect to the directions of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay:
defining the included angle between the radial deviation A and the X axis as alpha, and then tan alpha = | Ly | Lx |, then alpha is the included angle between the line connecting the center of the ideal hole site 2 and the center of the actual hole site 3 of the detection cross section and the X axis, and the range of alpha is 0 ≦ alpha < pi/2, so that the direction of the radial deviation points from the center of the ideal hole site 2 to the center of the actual hole site 3. The directions of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are determined according to the positive and negative of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay, so that the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are positive or negative, which means that the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay point in the positive and negative directions of the X axis and the Y axis, respectively.
The positive and negative of the first deviation Ax are assigned and determined by the control unit 7 according to the relative position relation and the positive and negative position relation of the X axis when the detection unit 4 detects the characteristic angle, for example, when the actual hole site 3 is located in the third quadrant, the detection unit 4 is located in the first quadrant, the detection unit 4 detects that the characteristic angle is located in the positive half axis of the X axis, and the first deviation Ax is negative; when the actual hole position 3 is located in the fourth quadrant and the detection unit 4 is located in the second quadrant, the detection unit 4 detects that the characteristic angle is located in the negative half axis of the X axis, and the first deviation Ax is positive; and since the actual hole site 3 is close to the negative half axis of the Y-axis, the second deviation Ay is negative.
Preferably, a change rate of the radial deviation along the axial direction is defined as B, that is, a deviation development trend of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2 on the detected cross section, and the change rate B of the radial deviation along the axial direction can be obtained By calculating deviation data of a previous detected cross section and a current detected cross section and combining distance data of adjacent detected cross sections, and components of the change rate B of the radial deviation along the axial direction on the X and Y axes are respectively a third deviation Bx and a fourth deviation By.
The first deviation and the second deviation of the previous detection section are divided into Axm and Aym, the first deviation and the second deviation of the current detection section are divided into Axn and Ayn, and the distance between the previous detection section and the current detection section is Dmn; the third deviation Bx = (Axn-Axm)/Dmn of the currently detected cross section, and the fourth deviation By = (Ayn-Aym)/Dmn of the currently detected cross section.
Preferably, the deviation degree of the actual hole site 3 of the defined corrected cross section from the ideal hole site 2 is a predicted radial deviation C, the components of the predicted radial deviation C in the X and Y axes are Cx and Cy, respectively, and the detection distance and the correction distance are d1 and d2, respectively; the predicted radial deviation C of the corrected section is calculated from the above parameters, namely Cx = Bx (d 1+ d 2) + Axn, cy = By (d 1+ d 2) + Ayn. In the process of calculating the predicted radial deviation C from the first deviation to the fourth deviation, when the first deviation Axn/Axm and the second deviation Ayn/Aym are values with positive and negative values calculated according to the calculation rule of the radial deviation a (as in the first and second embodiments described above), the positive and negative values represent the directional relationships between the first deviation Axn/Axm and the second deviation Ayn/Aym and the X-axis and the Y-axis, respectively, so that the first deviation Axn/Axm and the second deviation Ayn/Aym are positive or negative values representing the positive and negative directions of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay, respectively, pointing to the X-axis and the Y-axis. The magnitude of the calculated values of the third deviation Bx = (Axn-Axm)/Dmn and the fourth deviation By = (Ayn-Aym)/Dmn represents the magnitude of the rate of change of the first deviation and the second deviation between the previous detected section and the current detected section, the positive or negative of the calculated value of the third deviation represents the positive or negative of the rate of change of the first deviation between the previous detected section and the current detected section, and the positive or negative of the calculated value of the fourth deviation represents the positive or negative of the rate of change of the second deviation between the previous detected section and the current detected section.
For example, when the actual hole site 3 of the current detected cross section and the actual hole site 3 of the current detected cross section are both located in the second quadrant of the XY coordinates and the actual hole site 3 of the current detected cross section is closer to the ideal hole site 2, axn and Axm are negative values, and | Axn | Axm |, at this time the third deviation Bx = (Axn-Axm)/Dmn is positive value, i.e. the absolute value of the first deviation is decreasing and the rate of change of the first deviation is positive; since (d 1+ d 2) is positive, the calculated value of Cx = Bx (d 1+ d 2) + Axn can be positive or negative.
When | Bx (d 1+ d 2) | is less than | Axn |, the predicted radial deviation Cx is a negative value, and | Cx | is less than | Axn |, which represents that the predicted radial deviation Cx calculated from the first deviation and the third deviation still faces the negative direction of the X axis, i.e., the predicted radial deviation indicates that the actual hole site 3 at the next corrected cross section is still located in the second quadrant under the current correction action state, but is closer to the ideal hole site 2 than the actual hole site 3 at the detected cross section, which indicates that the correction action force of the X axis of the current corrected cross section still cannot timely and completely correct the machining direction to the design direction, and the predicted negative deviation Cx is a negative value, which represents that the correction action force in the X axis direction still points to the negative direction of the X axis, and then the action force acting on the next corrected cross section in the X axis direction can finely control the machining direction of the current corrected cross section to the next corrected cross section in cooperation with the action force in the negative direction of the current corrected cross section in the X axis direction.
When |. Bx | (d 1+ d 2) | is greater than |. Axn |, the predicted radial deviation Cx is a positive value, which represents that the predicted radial deviation Cx calculated from the first deviation and the third deviation faces the positive direction of the X axis, that is, the predicted radial deviation indicates that the actual hole site 3 at the next corrected cross section is located in the first quadrant under the existing correction action state, the predicted radial deviation Cx is a positive value, which represents that the correction acting force in the X axis direction is directed to the positive direction of the X axis, which means that the acting force in the X axis negative direction of the current corrected cross section is large and causes the occurrence of correction, and then the acting force in the X axis positive direction acting on the next corrected cross section can finely control the machining direction of the current corrected cross section to the next corrected cross section in cooperation with the acting force in the X axis negative direction of the current corrected cross section.
The sizes and directions of the predicted radial deviations Cx and Cy can also be determined according to the above manner for the case that the actual hole sites 3 of the previous detected cross section and the current detected cross section are both located in other quadrants or are divided into two quadrants under the XY coordinates, so that the correction acting force of the next corrected cross section obtained according to the predicted radial deviations can be acted together with the correction acting force of the current corrected cross section to adjust the machining direction from the current corrected cross section to the next corrected cross section machining section. The magnitude of the predicted radial deviation of the corrected cross section is C = (Cx) 2 +Cy 2 ) 0.5 I.e. the components of the predicted radial deviation C in the X-and Y-axes have magnitudes of | Cx | and | Cy | respectively, the direction of the components of the predicted radial deviation C in the X-and Y-axes being determined by the positive and negative of the calculated values Cx and Cy, so that the positive and negative of the calculated values Cx and Cy represent deviations in positive and negative directions along the X-or Y-axis, respectively. Clamp for defining predicted radial deviation C and X axisAnd if the angle is beta, tan beta = | Cy | Cx |, and the angle beta is an included angle between a connecting line of the center of the actual hole position 3 and the center of the ideal hole position 2, which is obtained by predicting the correction section, and the X axis, so that the center of the ideal hole position 2, which is obtained by predicting the correction section in the predicted radial deviation direction, points to the center of the actual hole position 3, and the change of beta relative to alpha can reflect the development of the deviation degree of the radial deviation along the processing direction and the change of the deviation development trend.
Preferably, considering the case where the pressing surfaces of the pressing mechanism 10 are arranged at 90 degrees intervals in the corrected cross section of the workpiece 1 and aligned with the X and Y axes, the correction force Fx of the pressing surface on the X axis in the radial direction of the workpiece is used to offset the component Cx of the predicted radial deviation C on the X axis, and the correction force Fy of the pressing surface on the Y axis in the radial direction of the workpiece is used to offset the component Cy of the predicted radial deviation C on the Y axis;
regarding the magnitude of the corrective forces F and Fx and Fy:
the correction force F of the pressing mechanism 10 at the correction cross section is synthesized by Fx and Fy such that the magnitude of the correction force is F = (Fx) 2 +Fy 2 ) 0.5 And the included angle between the correction acting force and the X axis is calculated by Fx and Fy.
Specifically, the component of the correction force F in the X axis is Fx = S1 × S2 × Cx, taking into account the predicted radial deviation C and the physical parameters of the workpiece 1; the component of the correction force F in the Y axis is Fy = S1 × S2 × Cy; wherein S1 is the ratio of acting force and deformation determined by the material of the workpiece, namely the elastic modulus of the workpiece 1; s2 is a set coefficient larger than 1, so that the elastic deformation generated by the correction acting force is larger than the radial deviation.
That is, the magnitude of Fx is S1 x S2 x | Cx | the magnitude of Fy is S1 x S2 y | Cy | and the magnitude of the corrective force F is (Fx |) 2 +Fy 2 ) 0.5 。
Regarding the direction of the corrective forces F and Fx and Fy:
fx = S1 × S2 × Cx and Fy = S1 × S2 × Cy, and Cx and Cy in the predicted radial deviation have positive and negative polarities and represent deviation directions of the predicted radial deviation with respect to positive and negative directions of the X and Y axes, and the positive and negative polarities of Fx and Fy represent a relationship between the acting directions of Fx and Fy with respect to the positive and negative directions of the X and Y axes.
The correcting acting forces exerted by the pressing mechanism on the pressing surfaces of the X axis and the Y axis along the radial direction of the workpiece are Fx and Fy respectively, the directions of the correcting acting forces Fx and Fy are determined by the positive and negative of the Fx and Fy, for example, when the Fx is positive, the correcting acting force Fx is acting force towards the positive direction of the X axis, and the correcting acting force along the positive direction of the X axis is exerted by the pressing surface of the pressing mechanism arranged in the negative direction of the X axis; when Fx is negative, the correction acting force Fx is an acting force towards the negative direction of the X axis, and the correction acting force along the negative direction of the X axis is applied by the pressing surface of the pressing mechanism arranged in the positive direction of the X axis. When Fy is positive, the correction acting force Fy is acting force towards the positive direction of the Y axis, and the correction acting force along the positive direction of the Y axis is exerted by a pressing surface of a pressing mechanism arranged in the negative direction of the Y axis; when Fy is negative, the correction acting force Fy is an acting force toward the negative direction of the Y axis, and the correction acting force along the negative direction of the X axis is applied by the pressing surface of the pressing mechanism arranged in the positive direction of the Y axis. The pressing mechanism 10 can invoke pressing surfaces on the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively, to generate corrective forces Fx and Fy along the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively, to generate elastic deformations that counteract the predicted radial deviations Cx and Cy.
<xnotran> F X φ, tan φ = ∣ Fy ∣/∣ Fx ∣ = ∣ S1* S2* Cy ∣/∣ S1* S2* Cx ∣ = ∣ Cy ∣/∣ Cx ∣ = tan β, F C , 2 3 , . </xnotran>
Because the correction acting force applied by the correction unit on the correction section is obtained based on the predicted radial deviation data of the correction section, and the predicted radial deviation data is obtained by calculating the first deviation to the fourth deviation of the current detection section, the change of the actual acting angle phi of the correction acting force relative to alpha considers the change development trend from the detection section to the correction section, so that the acting direction of the correction acting force applied on the correction section can be adaptively adjusted according to the deviation development trend represented by the third deviation and the fourth deviation, namely the direction of the correction acting force applied by the correction unit on the correction section can be more matched with the deviation direction of the actual hole position of the correction section relative to the ideal hole position, and the automatic correction of the correction unit can be more accurate and effective based on the adjustment.
Preferably, the component of the correction force F in the X axis is Fx = S1 × S2 × S3 × Cx, taking into account the predicted radial deviation C, the physical parameters of the workpiece 1 and the rate of change of the radial deviation in the axial direction; the component of the corrective force F in the Y axis is Fy = S1 × S2 × S4 × Cy; wherein, S1 is the ratio of acting force and deformation determined by the material of the workpiece, namely the elastic modulus of the workpiece 1; s2 is a set coefficient larger than 1, so that the elastic deformation generated by the correction acting force is larger than the radial deviation; s3 and S4 are positive numbers close to 1, and S3 and S4 are adjustment coefficients related to components Bx and By of the rate of change B of the radial deviation in the axial direction on the X and Y axes, that is, S3 and S4 are adjustment coefficients related to the trend of the deviation, then S3 and S4 can finely adjust the correction forces Fx and Fy based on the magnitude and the sign of the rate of change B of the radial deviation in the axial direction on the X and Y axes to ensure the rationality of the correction forces, when S3 and S4 are negative, the correction forces Fx and Fy applied to the correction cross section are decreased to avoid the correction forces from being too large, whereas when the trend of the deviation is positive, S3 and S4 are positive, the correction forces Fx and Fy applied to the correction cross section are increased to improve the deviation correction efficiency, when the direction of the correction force F does not coincide with the direction of the predicted radial deviation C, that is phi and beta are different due to the respective adjustments of the magnitudes of Fx and Fy axes, which reflect the automatic adjustment of the correction forces on the X and Y axes (that the deviation develops on the X and Y axes).
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary, and that those skilled in the art, having benefit of the present disclosure, may devise various arrangements that are within the scope of the present disclosure and that fall within the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present specification and figures are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method of deep hole drilling, comprising the steps of:
the control unit (7) obtains deviation data of an actual hole site (3) of the workpiece (1) relative to an ideal hole site (2) based on a detection unit (4) which can move circumferentially and/or axially relative to the workpiece (1), wherein the deviation data comprises radial deviations of a plurality of detection sections distributed along the axial direction of the workpiece (1) and the change rate of the radial deviations along the axial direction of the workpiece (1);
the control unit (7) controls the feeding state of the drilling tool unit (6) and/or the correction acting force of the correction unit (9) based on the deviation data, so that the detection unit (4) and the correction unit (9) can respectively act on the workpiece section of the workpiece (1) at the downstream of the drilling tool unit (6) in the machining direction to match the dynamic feeding of the drilling tool unit (6) and the automatic deviation correction of the correction unit (9);
wherein the correction unit (9) radially applies a correction force for generating an elastic deformation that counteracts the radial deviation to the workpiece (1) in such a manner that correction action positions are arranged at intervals around a circumferential surface of the workpiece (1).
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the correcting unit (9) is provided with a plurality of pressing mechanisms (10) arranged along the axial direction of the workpiece (1), and the pressing mechanisms (10) are controlled by a moving mechanism (11) to move in the axial direction in an independent manner so as to adapt to the dynamic process of deep hole machining;
the pressing mechanisms (10) are respectively provided with pressing surfaces capable of contacting different circumferential positions of the cross section of the workpiece, so that the pressing surfaces are arranged around the axis of the cross section of the workpiece and apply correction acting force along the radial direction of the cross section of the workpiece.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the workpiece cross-sections of the workpiece (1) acted on by the detection unit (4), the drilling unit (6) and the correction unit (9) are a detection cross-section, a machining cross-section and a correction cross-section, respectively, which are perpendicular to the workpiece axial direction, wherein the detection cross-section, the machining cross-section and the correction cross-section are arranged from upstream to downstream in the machining direction.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the detection distance between the detection cross-section and the machining cross-section is set in dependence of the feed state of the drill unit (6), the feed state of the drill unit (6) comprising at least a feed speed and a feed depth, such that the magnitude of the detection distance is positively correlated with the magnitude of the feed depth and the feed speed, respectively.
5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the correction distance between the correction cross section and the machining cross section is set in dependence on the feed speed of the drill unit (6) and the radial deviation of the deviation data such that the correction distance is positively correlated to the feed speed and negatively correlated to the absolute value of the radial deviation.
6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the control unit (7) obtains a predicted radial deviation of the corrected cross section on the basis of the radial deviation of the detected cross section and the rate of change of the radial deviation in the axial direction in combination with a computational analysis of the detected distance and the corrected distance, so that the predicted radial deviation can be used as input data for automatic correction by the correction unit (9).
7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the control unit (7) derives the corrective force applied to the corrective section on the basis of the predicted radial deviation of the corrective section and the rate of change in the radial deviation of the detected section in the axial direction in combination with a computational analysis of the workpiece parameters.
8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that said deviation data is obtained from a characteristic thickness of an actual hole site (3) in relation to the surface of said workpiece (1) and a characteristic angle of said actual hole site (3) in relation to said ideal hole site (2) in combination with workpiece parameters;
the characteristic thickness refers to an extreme distance value between the actual hole site (3) and the outer surface of the workpiece (1), and the characteristic angle refers to a deviation angle of the actual hole site (3) relative to the ideal hole site (2).
9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the feed speed of the drill unit (6) in the machining section is configured as a function of the radial deviation and/or the rate of change of the radial deviation in the axial direction.
10. A deep-hole drilling apparatus, characterized in that it carries out a deep-hole drilling operation on a workpiece (1) based on the method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, said apparatus comprising: the hole position correcting device comprises a detection unit (4) used for obtaining deviation data of an actual hole position (3) of the workpiece (1) relative to an ideal hole position (2), a correcting unit (9) used for controlling the application of correcting acting force along the radial direction of the workpiece (1) based on the deviation data, and a control unit (7) respectively connected with the detection unit (4) and the correcting unit (9).
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211701238.8A CN115673382B (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2022-12-29 | Deep hole machining method and device |
| PCT/CN2023/141768 WO2024140633A1 (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2023-12-26 | Deep hole machining method and apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211701238.8A CN115673382B (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2022-12-29 | Deep hole machining method and device |
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| CN115673382A true CN115673382A (en) | 2023-02-03 |
| CN115673382B CN115673382B (en) | 2023-05-02 |
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| CN202211701238.8A Active CN115673382B (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2022-12-29 | Deep hole machining method and device |
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| CN (1) | CN115673382B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2024140633A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115890336A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-04-04 | 广东中海万泰技术有限公司 | Positioning drilling method for deep hole machining |
| US20230384755A1 (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2023-11-30 | Chengdu Aircraft Industrial (Group) Co., Ltd. | Datum selection methods and systems for minimizing hole position errors in group hole machining of large components |
| WO2024140633A1 (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2024-07-04 | 广东中海万泰技术有限公司 | Deep hole machining method and apparatus |
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| WO2024140633A1 (en) | 2024-07-04 |
| CN115673382B (en) | 2023-05-02 |
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