CN115657391A - Electrochromic device, preparation method and vehicle window glass - Google Patents
Electrochromic device, preparation method and vehicle window glass Download PDFInfo
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- CN115657391A CN115657391A CN202211417804.2A CN202211417804A CN115657391A CN 115657391 A CN115657391 A CN 115657391A CN 202211417804 A CN202211417804 A CN 202211417804A CN 115657391 A CN115657391 A CN 115657391A
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Abstract
The invention provides an electrochromic device, a preparation method and window glass, belonging to the technical field of electrochromic, wherein the electrochromic device comprises a first transparent conducting layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, an ion storage layer and a second transparent conducting layer which are sequentially stacked, wherein one side of the first transparent conducting layer, which faces the electrochromic layer, is provided with a plurality of rows of parallel-arranged first transparent electrodes, one side of the second transparent conducting layer, which faces the ion storage layer, is provided with a plurality of rows of parallel-arranged second transparent electrodes, and the first transparent electrodes and the second transparent electrodes are vertical to each other; according to the invention, the electrochromic layer can control the size, position and shape of the area of the electrochromic layer for color change or color fading according to the number and position of the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, windows with different sizes, positions and shapes are formed according to the use requirements, the flexibility is strong, and the requirement of pixelization display of a user can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochromism, in particular to an electrochromism device, a preparation method and vehicle window glass.
Background
Electrochromism is a phenomenon in which the optical properties (reflectivity, transmittance, absorption, etc.) of a material undergo a stable, reversible color change under the action of an applied electric field.
The existing electrochromic device is a whole dynamically controllable color-changing regulation for a window, namely, the whole window is changed simultaneously, or becomes bright and fades simultaneously, or becomes dark and colors simultaneously, and the selection is single and the flexibility is not enough.
In view of the above, a new technical solution is needed to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electrochromic device and a preparation method thereof, which can selectively adjust the size, shape and position of a local window, and have the advantages of multiple choices and strong flexibility.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical means:
a first aspect of the present invention discloses an electrochromic device comprising: first transparent conducting layer, electrochromic layer, electrolyte layer, ion storage layer and the transparent conducting layer of second that stacks gradually the setting, first transparent conducting layer orientation one side of electrochromic layer forms multiseriate parallel arrangement's first transparent electrode, the transparent conducting layer orientation of second one side of ion storage layer forms multirow parallel arrangement's transparent electrode of second, first transparent electrode with the transparent electrode mutually perpendicular of second.
Optionally, a gap is formed between each two adjacent first transparent electrodes and each two adjacent second transparent electrodes.
Optionally, the gap has a width of 0.01-1 mm.
Optionally, the display device further includes a first electrode controller and a second electrode controller, each of the first transparent electrodes is connected to the first electrode controller through an edge wire, and each of the second transparent electrodes is connected to the second electrode controller through an edge wire.
Optionally, the edge trace is a silver paste or a metal conductor.
Optionally, the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode both use ITO, silver nanowires, or metal mesh plates.
The second aspect of the present invention discloses a method for preparing an electrochromic device, so as to prepare the electrochromic device, the method comprising:
step S11, forming a first transparent conductive layer on one surface of a transparent substrate, wherein the first transparent conductive layer comprises a plurality of rows of first transparent electrodes which are arranged in parallel along a first direction;
step S12, forming an ion storage layer on the first transparent conductive layer;
step S13 of forming an electrolyte layer on the ion storage layer;
step S14, forming an electrochromic layer on the electrolyte layer;
step S15, forming a second transparent conducting layer on the electrochromic layer, wherein the second transparent conducting layer comprises a plurality of rows of second transparent electrodes which are arranged in parallel along a second direction;
the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.
Optionally, a plurality of rows of first transparent electrodes arranged in parallel along the first direction are formed on the first transparent conductive layer by etching, photolithography, inkjet printing, or 3D printing.
Optionally, the second transparent conductive layer forms a plurality of rows of second transparent electrodes arranged in parallel along the second direction by etching, photolithography, inkjet printing, or 3D printing.
In a third aspect of the invention, a glazing is disclosed comprising an electrochromic device as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the electrochromic device, multiple rows of first transparent electrodes arranged in parallel are formed on the first transparent conducting layer, and multiple rows of second transparent electrodes are formed on the second transparent conducting layer, so that when the first transparent electrodes and the second transparent electrodes are overlapped in the vertical direction, when some of the first transparent electrodes and the second transparent electrodes are selected to be communicated with an external power supply, the first transparent conducting layer and the second transparent conducting layer can form two polar plates of a capacitor, an electric field in the vertical direction can be generated at the overlapped part of the first transparent electrodes and the second transparent electrodes, ion directional movement can be driven, and an ion storage layer is embedded into the electrochromic layer through an electrolyte layer or is separated from the electrochromic layer, so that the overlapped part of the electrochromic layer is discolored or faded. And at the position where the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode are not electrified or the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode are not overlapped, the right area of the capacitor is the same, so that the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode cannot form a vertical electric field, ions cannot directionally move, and the electrochromic layer cannot be discolored or faded at the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode. In summary, the electrochromic layer can control the size, position and shape of the area of the electrochromic layer to change or fade according to the number and position of the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode. Therefore, windows with different sizes, positions and shapes can be formed on the electrochromic device provided by the embodiment, and the flexibility is strong.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of coloring an electrochromic device according to the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of fading of an electrochromic device of the prior art;
fig. 3 shows an exploded structure diagram of the electrochromic device of the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the first transparent conductive layer of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the second transparent conductive layer of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating the operation principle of the electrochromic device (initial state);
fig. 7 is a schematic view illustrating the operation principle of the electrochromic device (color change).
Description of the main element symbols:
10-a first transparent conductive layer; 11-a first transparent electrode; 12, 22-edge routing; 13-a first electrode controller; 20-a second transparent conductive layer; 21-a second transparent electrode; 23-a second electrode controller; 30-an ion storage layer; 40-an electrolyte layer; 50-an electrochromic layer; 60-overlap region.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout.
Electrochromism refers to a reversible color change phenomenon generated by oxidation-reduction reaction of materials under the action of an electric field. Materials having electrochromic properties are referred to as electrochromic materials, and devices made with electrochromic materials are referred to as electrochromic devices.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operating principle of coloring an electrochromic device, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operating principle of fading an electrochromic device. Existing electrochromic devices include: the transparent conductive layer 10, the ion storage layer 30, the electrolyte layer 40, the electrochromic layer 50, and the transparent conductive layer 20 are sequentially stacked.
Wherein the two transparent conductive layers 10,20 are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of an external power source for transmitting electrons from an external circuit to the electrochromic layer 50.
The ion storage layer 30 provides and stores ions, and serves to balance charges. The electrolyte layer 40 is an ion transport layer that, when energized, conducts the ion storage layer 30 and the electrochromic layer 50 such that electrons and ions are transported therebetween. When not energized, the electrochromic layer 50 is isolated from the ion storage layer 30. The electrochromic layer 50 is a core layer, which is a main material for modulating optical properties, and when a voltage is applied, ions are inserted into and removed from the electrochromic layer 50, so that the color of the electrochromic device is changed.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the transparent conductive layer 10 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, which is an anode; the negative transparent conductive layer 20 is connected to the negative of the power supply and is the cathode. The ion storage layer 30 stores metal salts, such as copper chloride and silver chloride. The electron flow direction is from cathode to anode, thereby depositing copper ions or silver ions near the electrochromic layer 50 of the transparent conductive layer 20, embedding the electrochromic layer 50, thereby causing coloration of the electrochromic device. Referring to fig. 2, when the positive and negative poles of the power supply are exchanged, that is, the positive pole of the power supply is connected to the transparent conductive layer 20 and is an anode; the cathode is connected with the transparent conductive layer 10 and is a cathode. The metal deposited on the electrochromic layer 50 is pulled out of the electrochromic layer and re-ionized back through the electrolyte layer 40 to the ion storage layer 30.
Electrochromic devices are particularly useful in windows, automotive anti-glare rearview mirrors, and panoramic skylights. When in the colored state, the electrochromic device can shield most of the light from the outside to the inside, so that the indoor light intensity is reduced, and the temperature is reduced. When in the fading state, the light passes freely from the outside to the inside, so that the indoor light intensity is increased and the temperature is increased. The electrochromic device can also be used for military camouflage equipment, and the detection of a radar can be avoided by changing the light reflection rate of the outer surface of the military camouflage equipment.
In the application of the common electrochromic device, the whole electrochromic device can be colored or faded simultaneously. Such as a panoramic awning for a car, the customer has the option of making the panoramic awning completely transparent or completely opaque, and has no option of adjusting the size, position and shape of the transparent window. For example, in an environment with strong light, if a user wants to have a certain amount of lighting, the panoramic awning needs to be adjusted to be semi-transparent and semi-opaque, or only one small window can transmit light and most of the light is blocked. For example, skylights cannot simultaneously meet the different lighting requirements of front and rear seat passengers. Also, for example, panoramic skylights need to be able to graphically display light transmission to meet passenger needs for appearance and entertainment. However, the current electrochromic device is difficult to satisfy the user requirements.
In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electrochromic device, which can adjust the size of a window of the electrochromic device, and implement pixelation adjustment and display of the window.
Referring to fig. 3,4 and 5, the electrochromic device includes: the display device comprises a first transparent conductive layer 10, an electrochromic layer 50, an electrolyte layer 40, an ion storage layer 30 and a second transparent conductive layer 20 which are sequentially stacked, wherein a plurality of rows of first transparent electrodes 11 which are arranged in parallel are formed on one side of the first transparent conductive layer 10 facing the electrochromic layer 50, a plurality of rows of second transparent electrodes 21 which are arranged in parallel are formed on one side of the second transparent conductive layer 20 facing the ion storage layer 30, and the first transparent electrodes 11 and the second transparent electrodes 21 are perpendicular to each other.
Specifically, since a plurality of rows of first transparent electrodes 11 arranged in parallel are formed on the first transparent conductive layer 10, and a plurality of rows of second transparent electrodes 21 are formed on the second transparent conductive layer 20, when some of the first transparent electrodes 11 and the second transparent electrodes 21 are selected to be overlapped in the vertical direction, when the first transparent electrodes 11 and the second transparent electrodes 21 are connected to an external power supply, the first transparent conductive layer 10 and the second transparent conductive layer 20 form two plates of a capacitor, and the overlapping area of the first transparent electrodes 11 and the second transparent electrodes 21 exists in a facing area, a vertical electric field is generated to drive ions to move directionally, and the ions are embedded into the electrochromic layer 50 through the electrolyte layer 40 by the ion storage layer 30, or are removed from the electrochromic layer 50, so that the overlapping area of the electrochromic layer 50 changes color or fades. On the other hand, at the position where the first transparent electrode 11 and the second transparent electrode 21 are not energized or where the first transparent electrode 11 and the second transparent electrode 21 are not overlapped, the facing area of the capacitor is 0, so that the first transparent electrode 11 and the second transparent electrode 21 cannot form a vertical electric field, and ions cannot move in an oriented manner, so that the electrochromic layer 50 cannot be discolored or discolored at the first transparent electrode 11 and the second transparent electrode 21. In summary, the electrochromic layer 50 can control the size, position and shape of the color changing or fading region of the electrochromic layer 50 according to the number and position of the first transparent electrode 11 and the second transparent electrode 21. Therefore, windows with different sizes, positions and shapes can be formed on the electrochromic device provided by the embodiment, and the flexibility is strong.
In some embodiments, ITO (indium tin oxide), nano-silver wires or metal mesh plates are used for the first transparent electrode 11 and the second transparent electrode 21.
ITO, silver nanowires, and metal mesh plates all have good electrical conductivity and transparency, and the first transparent electrode 11 and the second transparent electrode 21 formed of the above materials can function to transfer electrons.
In a specific embodiment, the electrochromic device further comprises a first electrode controller 13 and a second electrode controller 23, each first transparent electrode 11 is connected with the first electrode controller 13 through an edge trace 12, and each second transparent electrode 21 is connected with the second electrode controller 23 through an edge trace 22.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 shows an initial state of the electrochromic device, i.e., a state where no power is applied. In some specific embodiments, the number of the first transparent electrodes 11 is 19, and the number of the second transparent electrodes 21 is 24. The first transparent electrode 11 and the second transparent electrode 21 overlap in the vertical direction to form an overlap region 60. Wherein the vertical direction refers to a direction from the first conductive layer to the second conductive layer.
The numbers of the first and second transparent electrodes 11 and 21 of the present embodiment are given by way of example only and are not limited thereto.
In some of these embodiments, the edge traces 12,22 are silver paste or metal conductors.
The silver paste or the metal conductor has good conductivity, and can electrically connect the first electrode controller 13 and the first transparent electrode 11, and electrically connect the second electrode controller 23 and the second transparent electrode 21.
In a specific embodiment, a gap is formed between each of the two adjacent first transparent electrodes 11 and the two adjacent second transparent electrodes 21.
The gap formed between two adjacent first transparent electrodes 11 and the gap formed between two adjacent second transparent electrodes 21 separate the adjacent first transparent electrodes 11 from each other, and in turn separate the adjacent second transparent electrodes 21 from each other. This makes the first transparent electrodes 11 independent of each other and the second transparent electrodes 21 independent of each other. The structure is simple and reliable, and the processing difficulty is small.
Specifically, the width of the gap is 0.01-1 mm. Preferably, the width of the gap is 0.03mm. The above width laser processing can be achieved.
Furthermore, by setting the width of the gap in this way, under the conditions of the prior art processing, the overlapping region 60 formed by overlapping the first transparent electrode 11 and the second transparent electrode 21 in the vertical direction can be arranged densely enough, so that the displayed image can be displayed in a continuous state by naked eyes.
Specifically, referring to fig. 7, a negative voltage is applied to the connection ports Y10, Y11, Y12, Y13, and Y14 of the first electrode controller 13, a positive voltage is applied to the connection ports X8, X9, X10, X11, X12, X13, X14, X15, and X16 of the second electrode controller 23, and the electrochromic device displays a "8" pattern. When a positive voltage is applied to the connection ports Y10, Y11, Y12, Y13, and Y14 of the first electrode controller 13 and a negative voltage is applied to the connection ports X8, X9, X10, X11, X12, X13, X14, X15, and X16 of the second electrode controller 23, the "8" pattern on the electrochromic device disappears and the electrochromic device returns to a full light-transmitting state (see fig. 6).
In this embodiment, the number and position of the connection ports of the power supply connected to the first electrode controller 13 and the second electrode controller 23 can be adjusted to realize the display of the letters "a-Z" and other figures of "1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0" and to meet the individual requirements of the user for appearance and entertainment.
Another embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for preparing an electrochromic device, to prepare the electrochromic device in the above embodiment, the method including:
step S11, forming a first transparent conductive layer on one surface of a transparent substrate, and forming a plurality of columns of vertically parallel first transparent electrodes on the first transparent conductive layer;
step S12, forming an ion storage layer on the first transparent electrode;
step S13 of forming an electrolyte layer on the ion storage layer;
step S14, forming an electrochromic layer on the electrolyte layer;
and S15, forming a second transparent conductive layer on the electrochromic layer, and forming a plurality of rows of second transparent electrodes which are transversely arranged in parallel on the second transparent conductive layer.
The first transparent conducting layer, the ion storage layer, the electrolyte layer, the electrochromic layer and the second transparent conducting layer are stacked layer by layer through the preparation method, and the electrochromic device can be obtained. The method has simple and reliable process and low manufacturing cost.
Of course, the second transparent conductive layer may be stacked from the first transparent conductive layer, that is, the second transparent conductive layer may be formed on the transparent substrate, and the plurality of rows of the second transparent electrodes may be formed on the second transparent conductive layer in parallel in the lateral direction. Then, an electrochromic layer is formed on the second transparent conductive layer, an electrolyte layer is formed on the electrochromic layer, an ion storage layer is formed on the electrolyte layer, and finally, a first transparent conductive layer is formed on the ion storage layer.
In a specific embodiment, a plurality of rows of first transparent electrodes arranged in parallel along a first direction are formed on the first transparent conductive layer by etching, photolithography, inkjet printing or 3D printing.
The etching and photoetching processing precision is high, and the shape and the size of the first transparent electrode can be accurately controlled. Inkjet printing and 3D printing are used for additive manufacturing, materials can be saved, and the process flow is simplified.
In a specific embodiment, the second transparent conductive layer is formed by etching, photolithography, inkjet printing, or 3D printing into a plurality of rows of second transparent electrodes arranged in parallel along the second direction.
The etching and photoetching processing precision is high, and the shape and the size of the second transparent electrode can be accurately controlled. Inkjet printing and 3D printing are used for additive manufacturing, materials can be saved, and the process flow is simplified.
In one specific embodiment, the electrolyte layer is in a solid state and can be fixed on the electrochromic layer by coating, and the operation is simple and reliable.
The liquid electrolyte is adopted, a first transparent conductive layer and a second transparent conductive layer are manufactured, and a sealing space is formed between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer. And then, forming glue injection holes on the first transparent conductive layer or the second transparent conductive layer, and injecting liquid electrolyte into the sealed space through the glue injection holes. The mode has high requirement on processing precision, complex processing technology and high use cost.
In an embodiment of the invention, the vehicle window glass comprises the electrochromic device.
By adopting the electrochromic device, the size, the shape and the position of the light-transmitting window can be locally adjusted by the vehicle window glass, and the flexibility is strong.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. This need not be, nor should it be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electrochromic device, comprising: first transparent conducting layer, electrochromic layer, electrolyte layer, ion storage layer and the transparent conducting layer of second that stacks gradually the setting, first transparent conducting layer orientation one side of electrochromic layer forms multiseriate parallel arrangement's first transparent electrode, the transparent conducting layer orientation of second one side of ion storage layer forms multirow parallel arrangement's transparent electrode of second, first transparent electrode with the transparent electrode mutually perpendicular of second.
2. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein a gap is formed between each of two adjacent first transparent electrodes and each of two adjacent second transparent electrodes.
3. Electrochromic device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the width of the gap is 0.01-1 mm.
4. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, further comprising a first electrode controller and a second electrode controller, each of the first transparent electrodes being connected to the first electrode controller by an edge trace, each of the second transparent electrodes being connected to the second electrode controller by an edge trace.
5. The electrochromic device of claim 4, wherein the edge trace is a silver paste or a metal conductor.
6. The electrochromic device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each of the first and second transparent electrodes is made of ITO, silver nanowires or a metal mesh plate.
7. A method of manufacturing an electrochromic device to manufacture an electrochromic device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the method of manufacturing comprises:
step S11, forming a first transparent conductive layer on one surface of a transparent substrate, wherein the first transparent conductive layer comprises a plurality of rows of first transparent electrodes which are arranged in parallel along a first direction;
step S12, forming an ion storage layer on the first transparent conductive layer;
a step S13 of forming an electrolyte layer on the ion storage layer;
step S14, forming an electrochromic layer on the electrolyte layer;
step S15, forming a second transparent conducting layer on the electrochromic layer, wherein the second transparent conducting layer comprises a plurality of rows of second transparent electrodes which are arranged in parallel along a second direction;
wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.
8. The method for producing an electrochromic device according to claim 7, characterized in that: a plurality of rows of first transparent electrodes which are arranged in parallel along a first direction are formed on the first transparent conductive layer through etching, photoetching, ink-jet printing or 3D printing.
9. The method for producing an electrochromic device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the second transparent conductive layer is formed by etching, photolithography, inkjet printing, or 3D printing into a plurality of rows of second transparent electrodes arranged in parallel along a second direction.
10. A vehicle glazing, comprising: an electrochromic device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211417804.2A CN115657391A (en) | 2022-11-14 | 2022-11-14 | Electrochromic device, preparation method and vehicle window glass |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211417804.2A CN115657391A (en) | 2022-11-14 | 2022-11-14 | Electrochromic device, preparation method and vehicle window glass |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115657391A true CN115657391A (en) | 2023-01-31 |
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| CN202211417804.2A Pending CN115657391A (en) | 2022-11-14 | 2022-11-14 | Electrochromic device, preparation method and vehicle window glass |
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| CN (1) | CN115657391A (en) |
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- 2022-11-14 CN CN202211417804.2A patent/CN115657391A/en active Pending
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