CN115655551A - Shock wave impulse passive measuring device and method based on pressure sensing paper color changing pressure measurement - Google Patents
Shock wave impulse passive measuring device and method based on pressure sensing paper color changing pressure measurement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for passively measuring explosive shock wave impulse based on pressure sensing paper, and aims to overcome the defects of complex post-processing, complex measuring system and the like of the existing measuring method. The invention is composed of a packaging shell, an explosion-bearing slide block, a fixed base, 2 supporting clamping plates, pressure sensing paper and a movable bolt; the explosion-bearing slide block, the right supporting splint, the left supporting splint and the pressure sensing paper are coaxially arranged in the packaging shell. The explosion bearing slide block moves to the right under the explosion impact and impacts the left support clamping plate to extrude the pressure sensing paper, and the pressure sensing paper has the color change; scanning the impact pressure P (x) of the pressure sensing paper by using pressure sensing paper data analysis software and outputting the impact pressure P i ) (ii) a According to P (x) i ) The speed v when the explosion-bearing slide block impacts is reversely deduced by the = rho Dv; and calculating impulse i obtained by the explosion-bearing sliding block according to m and v. The invention relates to a deviceThe method has the advantages of convenient arrangement, repeated use, high sensitivity and simple measurement method, and solves the technical problem that the impulse of the shock wave is difficult to measure in severe environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of impulse measurement, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring the impulse of an explosion shock wave by using the pressure-sensitive color-changing characteristic of a pressure-sensitive paper material.
Background
After explosion, the explosive can extrude surrounding media to generate shock waves, and the main parameters of the shock waves comprise overpressure peak values, positive pressure action time, specific impulse and the like. The specific impulse is the pressure impulse received by unit area in the explosion field, the specific impulse can be obtained by integrating the pressure of the shock wave positive pressure area with the time, the impulse is obtained by multiplying the specific impulse by the action area of the target object, and the shock wave impulse can comprehensively reflect the overpressure peak value, the positive pressure duration and the action effect of the target object, so that the method has important engineering value in the field of shock wave measurement.
Methods for measuring the impulse of a shock wave generated by the explosion of an explosive are generally classified into active measurement and passive measurement. The active measurement mainly depends on various electrical sensors, the measurement technology of the electrical sensors is relatively mature and is the most popular test method at present, various high-precision shock wave electrical measurement sensors are available on the market, but under the condition of severe natural environment, such as desert, plateau or island, and the like, under the condition that the explosion test environment is relatively complex, the problems that a precise electrical measurement device cannot be arranged, the cost is very high, the arrangement difficulty is very large and the like exist, and at the moment, the active measurement by adopting the electrical sensors has great limitation; in addition, electromagnetic interference generated in the explosive explosion process may cause that the electric measuring sensor cannot acquire signals, or the acquired signals are disordered and have low signal-to-noise ratio, so that the subsequent analysis and processing difficulty is high. Therefore, a passive measuring sensor for the impulse of the blast shock wave is designed, so that the reliability and the accuracy of the measuring result of the blast shock wave are improved, the test difficulty is reduced, and the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is urgently solved.
In the existing passive measurement method, the impulse of the shock wave is mainly calculated through the deformation, displacement, speed and the like of an object loaded by the shock wave. The measuring method mainly comprises the methods of adopting natural effectors and the like by an impact pendulum method, an equivalent target plate method, a contour method and the like. The impact pendulum is an effective device for indirectly measuring impulse, the principle is to convert the impulse to be measured into angular displacement of a pendulum bob, and the impulse of the impact wave is calculated by measuring the angular displacement. The equivalent target plate method is a method for estimating shock wave parameters by utilizing the fact that an effect target (a target structure which has better sensitivity under certain constraint and can generate corresponding plastic deformation under the action of shock waves) is arranged in an explosion field to be detected according to a certain rule, and the maximum residual plastic deformation even the crushing condition of the target plate is utilized. The principle is simple, the cost is low, the measurement has certain accuracy after calibration, but the installation constraint requirement is high, the target plate is easy to deform irregularly, and certain errors exist in actual measurement. The contour method is a method for analyzing explosive explosion energy by driving a momentum block according to explosive explosion and obtaining momentum of the momentum block through the flying speed of the momentum block, and the general flow is that the momentum block is regularly arranged on different radiuses around the explosive according to the circumferential direction, and the momentum block speed is calculated by using the imaging result of a high-speed camera after the momentum block is driven to fly away by shock waves. The contour method also includes a method of recording the falling point of the momentum block after flying and then reversely pushing the velocity of the momentum block according to the falling point based on the principle of horizontal projectile motion, but the judgment of the falling point has subjective factors, and the measurement result is easy to have larger errors. The natural effector can only qualitatively measure the intensity range of the shock wave by judging the fracture of the pinewood board, the glass breakage, the death of small animals and the like after the explosion shock wave passes, belongs to qualitative evaluation, and is not suitable for the evaluation of a great number of explosive damage power fields.
In summary, the existing measurement method at least has the following technical problems:
1. the existing electric measurement active sensor has the problems of electromagnetic interference, high cost, difficult wiring and the like, and can not accurately measure the shock wave energy in a relatively severe natural environment.
2. Most of the existing passive measurement methods have insufficient precision, and high-precision passive measurement has many defects, such as complicated measurement post-processing procedures, complex measurement systems, need of auxiliary measurement of a measuring device and the like.
3. In the equivalent test method, a high-precision measurement method such as an impact pendulum method needs auxiliary measurement of electrical measurement equipment, so that the cost is high and the installation is complex; the measurement precision of the equivalent target plate method is not enough, and the layout and the implementation are also more difficult; in the contour method, no matter a high-speed camera is erected for shooting and recording or reverse calculation is carried out according to the drop point of the momentum block, certain artificial reading errors exist, and therefore the measuring result is influenced.
In practice, a passive measurement of the shock wave impulse can be obtained by pressure sensitive paper (also called pressure measuring film) pressure discoloration characteristic measurement. The pressure sensing paper can accurately measure pressure, pressure distribution and pressure balance; the pressure sensing paper is placed between the two contact surfaces, when pressure is applied, red color appears on the pressure sensing paper, and the concentration of the red color is deepened along with the increase of the pressure. The pressure-sensitive paper is divided into a two-sheet type and a one-sheet type, and the two-sheet type pressure-sensitive paper is composed of a double-layer Film (an a-Film layer and a C-Film layer). The A-Film layer comprises a base material and a satellite color sac (containing a chromogenic substance), and the C-Film layer comprises a chromogenic substance and a base material; when pressure is applied, the satellite capsules of the A-Film layer rupture, the inner chromogenic material and the chromogenic material of the C-Film layer react with each other, and a red area appears on the pressure-sensitive paper. The satellite color capsules in the A-film layer have various sizes and intensities, so that different color development concentrations can be obtained according to the pressure when the satellite color capsules are pressed. The existing research shows that the pressure-sensitive color-changing characteristic of the pressure-sensitive paper is stable and controllable through reasonable design, and the pressure-sensitive paper is a pressure characterization element with excellent performance. In addition, on the technical index, after calibration, the pressure-discoloration degree of the color master batch is in a determined functional relation; at the same time, the functional relationship between pressure and impulse is also defined, and it is therefore assumed that such a characteristic makes it possible to use the sensing paper for quantitative measurement of impulse. The shape of the pressure sensing paper is generally sheet-shaped, and the shape in the plane can be cut according to the requirement; the pressure sensing paper with different thicknesses and different in-plane sizes can form a measuring structure with different specifications and different impulse-color change degrees corresponding to each other accurately, and can realize more accurate impulse measurement on shock waves with different strengths. Meanwhile, by designing a stable measuring structure, the impulse measuring sensor device with reliable performance and long-term storage and reuse can be manufactured.
At present, the characteristics of the pressure sensing paper color-changing pressure measurement are generally used in the fields of human engineering, electronic manufacturing industry, automobile industry and the like, no published document relates to the impulse measurement by utilizing the characteristics of the pressure sensing paper color-changing pressure measurement, and if a shock wave impulse passive measuring device can be designed by utilizing the pressure sensing paper and the impulse measurement by utilizing the device is expected to solve the technical problem of the existing measuring method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of difficult wiring, electromagnetic interference and the like of an electrical measurement active sensor adopted by the existing active measurement method; the provided measuring device has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, quick layout, convenient post-result processing, high measurement precision and the like, can be used for measuring explosive blast wave energy of a standard target range, a field target range and other more severe environments, and can simply, quickly and accurately complete the passive measurement of the explosive blast wave energy of the standard target range or the field target range by adopting the measuring device for measuring the blast wave energy, thereby providing a new reference selection for the blast wave energy measurement.
The invention utilizes the explosion-bearing slide block to quantitatively convert the shock wave impulse into the pressurized color change degree of the pressure sensing paper, thereby realizing the rapid quantitative passive measurement of the shock wave impulse in an explosion field.
The explosion-proof device consists of a packaging shell, an explosion-proof slide block, a fixed base, a right supporting splint, a left supporting splint, pressure sensing paper and a movable bolt. The end of the packaging shell close to the explosion point is defined as the left end of the invention, and the end far away from the explosion point is defined as the right end of the invention. The explosion-bearing sliding block, the right supporting clamping plate, the left supporting clamping plate and the pressure sensing paper are positioned in the packaging shell, and the explosion-bearing sliding block, the right supporting clamping plate, the left supporting clamping plate and the pressure sensing paper are coaxially arranged. The pressure sensing paper is positioned between the two supporting splints, and the right supporting splint is tightly attached to the fixed base; the fixed base is fixed at the right end of the packaging shell through a movable bolt, the right end face of the packaging shell is packaged, and meanwhile, the whole measuring device is fixed through self screw holes. The diameter of the left port of the packaging shell is smaller than the outer diameter of the explosion-bearing slide block, so that the explosion-bearing slide block, the right supporting clamping plate, the left supporting clamping plate and the pressure sensing paper are prevented from sliding out of the left end of the packaging shell.
The packaging shell is used for loading and fixing other components, and has a length L 1 Satisfies 0.01m<L 1 <1m, and a solvent. In order to guide the shock wave of an explosion field, the packaging shell is formed by coaxially connecting a conical cylinder and a circular cylinder (or integrally processing). Outside diameter D of the cylinder 1 Satisfies 0.01m<D 1 <0.3m, side wall thickness t of the cylinder 1 Satisfies 0.001m<t 1 <0.1m, inner diameter d 1 ＝D 1 -2t 1 (ii) a The inner diameter of the left end of the packaging shell is d 12 Satisfy 0.7D 1 <d 12 <D 1 Inner diameter of d 12 Has a partial axial length of l 12 Satisfy 0.01L 1 <l 12 <0.1L 1 (ii) a The inner diameter of the conical cylinder except the left end is d 12 Outside the part (a), the inner diameter of the remaining part is equal to d 1 . Outer diameter D of left end of conical cylinder 12 Satisfy d 1 <D 12 <D 1 The outside diameter of the right end is equal to D 1 Axial length of conical barrel is L 12 Satisfies 0.1L 1 <L 12 <0.8L 1 . The end surface of the right end side wall of the conical cylinder and the left end of the circular cylinderThe end side walls are connected end to end. The right end of the package housing 1 has an inner diameter d 13 Satisfy d 1 <d 13 <D 1 Inner diameter of d 13 Axial length of the part l 13 Satisfies 0.05L 1 <l 13 <0.3L 1 (ii) a 4 through holes are arranged on the same section of the side wall of the packaging shell at an interval of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction, and the diameter d of each through hole 15 Satisfies 0.004m<d 15 <0.02m, the center distance of the through hole is l from the right end of the packaging shell 15 Satisfy 0.4l 13 <l 15 <0.6l 13 . A plurality of array air release holes can be processed on the side wall of the packaging shell, and the distance between the array air release holes and the right end of the packaging shell is l 14 Satisfies 1.5l 13 <l 14 <L 1 -L 12 And the total area of the array air leakage holes is larger than 10% of the side area of the packaging shell, so that the gas in the packaging shell is smoothly discharged, and the influence of the gas on the movement of the explosion-bearing sliding block is reduced as much as possible. The explosion-bearing slide block is carried in the packaging shell and can freely slide without friction (friction coefficient mu) in the packaging shell<0.05). The packaging shell is made of metal materials or organic glass and the like, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma 1 >100MPa, density rho 1 >1g/cm 3 The basic principle is that the packaging shell does not generate plastic deformation under the action of shock waves
The explosion-bearing slide block is used for converting the impulse of the local shock wave in the air into the momentum of the explosion-bearing slide block, and the explosion-bearing slide block is suitable for a cylinder with the diameter D 2 Satisfies D 2 ＝d 1 Length of L 2 Satisfies 0.05L 1 <L 2 <0.6L 1 The length can be adjusted according to actual measurement needs; cutting a boss at the left end of the explosion-bearing sliding block to make the boss flush with the end surfaces of the explosion-bearing sliding block and the packaging shell when the explosion-bearing sliding block and the packaging shell are assembled, wherein the diameter of the boss part is D 21 Satisfies D 21 ＝d 12 Length of L 21 Satisfy L 21 ＝l 12 (ii) a The two end faces of the explosion-bearing sliding block are parallel and vertical to the central axis of the packaging shell, and the explosion-bearing sliding block and the packaging shell are assembled in a friction-free sliding way (the friction coefficient is mu)<0.05). The explosion-bearing slide block is made of alloy material or organic glass, and the material meets the requirement that the driving rod piece does not move under the action of explosion shock wavesThe plastic deformation is generated as a principle, and the specific requirements are that the materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma 2 >200MPa, density rho 2 >2.0g/cm 3 。
The fixed base is used for bearing the supporting clamping plate and the pressure sensing paper, and the whole measuring device is packaged, the shape of the whole measuring device is matched with that of the packaging shell, the right side of the whole measuring device is cylindrical, and the left side of the whole measuring device is cylindrical; total length of the fixing base is L 3 Satisfies 1.5l 13 <L 3 <0.3L 1 (ii) a The right cylindrical part has a length L 31 Satisfies 0.5l 13 <L 31 <0.5L 3 Diameter D 3 Satisfies D 3 ＝D 1 (ii) a The left cylindrical portion has a length L 32 Satisfy L 32 ＝l 13 Outer diameter D 32 Satisfies D 32 ＝d 13 Inner diameter d 32 Satisfy d 32 ＝d 1 The right supporting splint, the sensing paper and the left supporting splint are loaded; the same section of the side wall of the cylindrical part is provided with 4 array screw holes at intervals of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction, movable bolts are inserted into the array screw holes to be assembled with through holes of the side wall of the packaging shell, and the diameter of each array screw hole is d 33 Satisfy d 33 ＝d 15 The center of the screw hole array is L away from the left end of the right cylindrical part 33 Satisfy l 33 ＝l 15 (ii) a A screw hole is arranged at the center of the cylindrical part at the right side of the fixed base for fixing the whole measuring device, and the diameter of the screw 2 is d 34 Satisfies 0.1D 3 <d 34 <0.6D 3 . The fixed base is made of hard alloy, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma 4 >200MPa, density rho 4 >2.0g/cm 3 The basic principle is that the fixed base does not generate plastic deformation under the action of the explosive shock wave. The fixed base is fixed and detached through the movable bolt, so that new sensing paper can be reloaded, and the measurement device can be reused.
The right supporting splint and the left supporting splint have the same shape. The left supporting splint is used for clamping the pressure sensing paper and bearing the impact of the explosion-bearing slider and is of a circular sheet type with the diameter D 4 Satisfies D 4 ＝d 1 Thickness t 4 Satisfies 0.2L 32 <t 4 <0.5L 32 . Right branch props splint, left branch and props the splint, adopts carbide or organic glass board to make, requires the material to satisfy: yield strength sigma 4 >100MPa, density rho 4 >1.0g/cm 3 The basic principle is that the left support clamping plate does not generate plastic deformation when being impacted by the explosion-bearing sliding block. The right supporting splint and the left supporting splint clamp the sensing pressure paper between the right supporting splint and the left supporting splint and then place the sensing pressure paper, the sensing pressure paper and the sensing pressure paper into the cylindrical part at the left end of the fixed base.
The pressure sensing paper is used for converting the momentum of the explosion-bearing slider into self pressurized color change and is of a circular sheet type with the diameter D 5 Satisfies D 5 ＝d 1 Thickness t 5 Satisfy t 5 <0.4l 32 . The pressure sensing paper is a double-sheet pressure sensing paper and consists of double layers of films (an A-Film layer and a C-Film layer); the A-Film layer comprises a base material and a satellite color capsule color former, and the C-Film layer comprises a color developing agent and a base material. The pressure sensing paper is clamped between the left supporting splint and the right supporting splint, when an explosion point explodes, the pressure sensing paper is pressed by the pressure transmitted from the left supporting splint, the satellite color sac of the A-film layer in the pressure sensing paper is broken, the color substance in the satellite color sac reacts with the color developing agent of the C-film layer, and then a red area appears on the pressure sensing paper; the pressure-sensitive paper material is required to satisfy: yield strength sigma 5 <1000MPa, density rho 5 <10.0g/cm 3 The measurable pressure range is 0.01MPa-100 MPa, and the pressure measurement resolution is not lower than 0.1kgf/cm 2 。
The movable bolt is used for assembling the packaging shell and the fixed base and consists of a screw and a nut part, and the screw and the nut are cylindrical; the length of the screw is l 61 Satisfies 0.3 (D) 1 -d 1 )<l 61 <0.5(D 1 -d 1 ) Diameter d 6 Satisfy d 6 ＝d 33 (ii) a The nut has a length of 1 62 Satisfy 0.1l 61 <l 62 <0.5l 61 Diameter of D 6 Satisfy 1.2d 6 <D 6 <1.6d 6 . The movable bolt is made of hard alloy, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma 6 >100MPa, density rho 6 >1.0g/cm 3 Basic principle ofThe principle is that the movable bolt does not produce plastic deformation under the action of the blast shock wave. During assembly, the screws penetrate through the through holes of the packaging shell and then are screwed into the array screw holes of the fixing base.
The method for measuring the shock wave impulse in the explosion field by adopting the shock wave impulse passive measuring device based on the pressure sensing paper color changing pressure measurement comprises the following steps:
step one, installing a measuring device:
1.1, firmly fixing the fixed base on any stable bracket or wall through a screw hole at the right end;
1.2 stably clamping the sensing paper between the left support splint and the right support splint, and then placing the left support splint and the right support splint which are clamped with the sensing paper into the cylindrical part on the left side of the fixed base;
1.3, installing the explosion-bearing slide block into the packaging shell, and enabling the left end face of the explosion-bearing slide block to be flush with the left end face of the packaging shell;
1.4 inserting the left end part of the fixed base into the right end of the packaging shell, inserting a screw of a movable bolt into a through hole of the packaging shell, and screwing the screw into an array screw hole of the fixed base;
1.5 carry out the whole inspection to the passive measuring device of explosion air shock wave impulse based on sensing paper, inspection target and detail include: whether the whole device is horizontal or not; whether the left end face of the explosion-bearing sliding block is parallel and level with the left end face of the packaging shell.
Secondly, measuring the impulse of the shock wave by adopting an explosion air impulse passive measuring device based on the pressure sensing paper:
2.1, explosion at an explosion point, and enabling the explosion-bearing sliding block to move rightwards in an accelerated manner under the impact of explosion;
2.2 the explosion-bearing slide block impacts the left support splint, and the left support splint extrudes the sensing paper;
2.3 the pressure-sensitive paper is pressed to generate color change and mark.
Thirdly, recording and processing data:
3.1 after the explosion is finished, taking down the movable bolt, removing the packaging shell and the explosion bearing slide block, and taking down the right support clamping plate, the left support clamping plate and the pressure sensing paper;
3.2 scanning the pressure sensing paper after impulse test by using a pressure sensing paper data analysis system (such as TOPAQ system (version is FPD-8010-E and above), and outputting impact pressure P (xi) received by the pressure sensing paper data analysis system;
3.3 reversely deducing the speed v = P (xi)/rho D when the explosion-bearing slide block is impacted according to the calibration relation P (xi) = rho Dv (wherein rho is the material density of the left support clamping plate, and D is the sound velocity in the left support clamping plate) of the impact pressure value-impact speed in impact dynamics;
and 3.4, calculating impulse i, i = mv obtained by the explosion-bearing slide block, wherein m is the mass of the explosion-bearing slide block. Because the explosion-bearing slide block does not generate plastic deformation, the impulse i obtained by calculation is the impulse of the shock wave transmitted to the measuring device by the air shock wave generated by the explosion of the explosive at the explosion point, thereby realizing the passive measurement of the impulse of the shock wave.
And 3.5 after the experiment is finished, replacing the new sensing paper, and arranging the measuring device according to the first step to realize the reutilization of the measuring device.
The invention can achieve the following technical effects:
1. the measuring method is based on the momentum conversion principle, shock wave impulse is converted into momentum of the explosion-bearing slider, the explosion-bearing slider impacts the left supporting splint, the left supporting splint extrudes the pressure sensing paper and enables the pressure sensing paper to change color, a pressure sensing paper data analysis system is used for scanning the pressure sensing paper and then outputting impact pressure on the pressure sensing paper, the speed of the explosion-bearing slider is finally calculated through the corresponding relation between the impact pressure on the pressure sensing paper and the speed of the explosion-bearing slider, and the impulse obtained by the explosion-bearing slider can be further obtained, so that the impact process of explosion shock waves is reflected, and the method is simple, visual and reliable;
2. the measuring device has the advantages of simple structure, simple assembly, small size, no need of power supply, convenient arrangement and use, simple and visual result and low use cost;
3. the measuring device can be installed once and used for multiple times; only the explosion bearing slide block needs to be assembled again in midway, and the pressure sensing paper is replaced;
4. compared with the traditional measuring device, the device can greatly improve the layout scale and obtain more measuring data; in addition, the resolution of the pressure sensing paper on applied pressure is high, and most of the existing pressure sensing paper data analysis systems (such as a TOPAQ system) have a strong image measurement function, so that the accuracy of measurement data can be ensured, and the reliability, accuracy and stability of impulse measurement of an explosion field are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of the invention before impact of an explosion.
Fig. 3 is an exploded view in axial section of the present invention prior to impact with an explosion.
Fig. 4 is an axial cross-sectional view of the invention after impact of an explosion.
Fig. 5 is an axial cross-sectional dimension of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an axial sectional dimension view of the package case 1.
Fig. 7 is an axial sectional three-dimensional schematic view of the explosion-bearing slider 2.
Fig. 8 is an axial cross-sectional three-dimensional schematic view of the stationary base 3.
Fig. 9 is an axial cross-sectional three-dimensional schematic view of the right and left support cleats 41, 42.
Fig. 10 is an axial cross-sectional three-dimensional schematic view of the pressure sensing paper 5.
Fig. 11 is an axial sectional three-dimensional schematic view of the movable bolt 6.
Description of reference numerals:
1. the packaging structure comprises a packaging shell, 11 parts of a conical barrel, 12 parts of a circular barrel, 13 parts of array air leakage holes, 14 parts of through holes, 2 parts of explosion-bearing slide blocks, 21 parts of bosses, 3 parts of a fixed base, 31 parts of array screw holes, 32 parts of screw holes, 41 parts of a right supporting clamping plate, 42 parts of a left supporting clamping plate, 5 parts of pressure sensing paper, 6 parts of movable bolts, 61 parts of screws and 62 parts of nuts.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, in order to facilitate the understanding and implementation of the invention by those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the general structure of the present invention, fig. 2 is an axial sectional view of the present invention before it is impacted by an explosion, and fig. 3 is an axial sectional exploded view of the present invention before it is impacted by an explosion. As shown in fig. 1, the whole body of the invention is in a cone shape (i.e. a cylinder with two end surfaces with different diameters), and is composed of a packaging shell 1, an explosion-bearing slide block 2, a fixed base 3, a right supporting clamping plate 41, a left supporting clamping plate 42, a pressure sensing paper 5 and a movable bolt 6. The end of the package body 1 near the explosion point 7 is defined as the left end of the invention, and the end far from the explosion point 7 is defined as the right end of the invention. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the explosion-receiving slider 2, the left support plate 42, the pressure-sensitive paper 5, and the right support plate 41 are coaxially mounted in the package housing 1. The pressure sensing paper 5 is clamped between the right supporting splint 41 and the left supporting splint 42, and the right supporting splint 41 is tightly attached to the fixed base 3; the fixed base 3 is fixed at the right end of the packaging shell 1 through a movable bolt 6, the right end face of the packaging shell 1 is packaged, and meanwhile, the whole measuring device is fixed (fixed on a stable support or a wall) through a screw hole 32 of the fixed base 3. The explosion-bearing slide block 2 is arranged at the leftmost end in the packaging shell 1, and the left end surface of the explosion-bearing slide block 2 is flush with the left end surface of the packaging shell 1; the diameter of the left port of the packaging shell 1 is smaller than the outer diameter of the explosion-bearing slide block 2, so that the explosion-bearing slide block 2, the left support clamping plate 42, the pressure sensing paper 5 and the right support clamping plate 41 are prevented from sliding out of the left end of the packaging shell 1.
Fig. 5 is an axial cross-sectional view of the present invention. Fig. 6 is an axial sectional dimension view of the package case 1. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the package body 1 is used for loading and fixing other components, and the length L of the package body 1 1 Satisfies 0.01m<L 1 <1m, and a solvent. In order to guide the shock wave of the explosion field, the packaging shell 1 is formed by coaxially connecting a conical cylinder 11 and a circular cylinder 12 (or integrally processing the conical cylinder and the circular cylinder). Outer diameter D of the cylinder 12 1 Satisfies 0.01m<D 1 <0.3m, the thickness t of the side wall of the cylinder 12 1 Satisfies 0.001m<t 1 <0.1m, inner diameter d 1 ＝D 1 -2t 1 (ii) a The inner diameter of the left end of the packaging shell 1 is d 12 Satisfies 0.7D 1 <d 12 <D 1 Inner diameter of d 12 Has a partial axial length of l 12 Satisfies 0.01L 1 <l 12 <0.1L 1 (ii) a The tapered barrel 11 has an inner diameter d except for the left end 12 Outside the part (a), the inner diameter of the remaining part is equal to d 1 . Outer straight of the left end of the cone 11Diameter D 12 Satisfy d 1 <D 12 <D 1 The outside diameter of the right end is equal to D 1 The axial length of the conical cylinder 11 is L 12 Satisfies 0.1L 1 <L 12 <0.8L 1 . The end face of the side wall at the right end of the conical cylinder 11 is connected with the end face of the side wall at the left end of the circular cylinder 12. The right end of the package housing 1 has an inner diameter d 13 Satisfy d 1 <d 13 <D 1 Inner diameter of d 13 Of the axial length l of the part 13 Satisfies 0.05L 1 <l 13 <0.3L 1 (ii) a The same circumferential section of the side wall of the packaging shell 1 is provided with 4 through holes 14 at intervals of 90 degrees, and the diameter d of each through hole 14 15 Satisfies 0.004m<d 15 <0.02m, and the center distance of the through hole 14 is l from the right end of the packaging shell 1 15 Satisfy 0.4l 13 <l 15 <0.6l 13 . A plurality of array air release holes 13 can be processed on the side wall of the packaging shell 1, and the distance between the array air release holes 13 and the right end of the packaging shell 1 is l 14 Satisfies 1.5l 13 <l 14 <L 1 -L 12 And the total area of the array air leakage holes 13 is larger than 10% of the side area of the packaging shell 1, so that the gas in the packaging shell 1 can be smoothly discharged, and the influence of the gas on the movement of the explosion-bearing slide block 2 is reduced as much as possible. The explosion-bearing slide block 2 is carried in the packaging shell 1, and the explosion-bearing slide block 2 can freely slide in the packaging shell 1 without friction (friction coefficient mu)<0.05). The packaging shell 1 is made of metal materials or organic glass and the like, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma 1 >100MPa, density rho 1 >1g/cm 3 The basic principle is that the package housing 1 does not deform plastically when subjected to shock waves.
Fig. 7 is a sectional three-dimensional schematic view of the explosion-bearing slider 2. As shown in figure 7, the explosion-bearing slide block 2 is a cylinder with the diameter D 2 Satisfy D 2 ＝d 1 Length of L 2 Satisfy 0.05L 1 <L 2 <0.6L 1 ，L 2 The adjustment can be carried out according to the actual measurement requirement; cutting a boss 21 at the left end of the explosion-bearing slide block 2 to enable the left end surfaces of the explosion-bearing slide block 2 and the packaging shell 1 to be flush when the explosion-bearing slide block and the packaging shell are assembled, wherein the diameter of the boss 21 is D 21 Satisfy D 21 ＝d 12 Length of L 21 Satisfy L 21 ＝l 12 (ii) a The two end surfaces of the explosion-bearing slide block 2 are parallel and vertical to the central axis of the packaging shell 1, and the explosion-bearing slide block 2 and the packaging shell 1 are assembled in a friction-free sliding way (the friction coefficient is mu)<0.05). The explosion-bearing sliding block 2 is made of alloy materials or organic glass, the materials meet the requirement that the explosion-bearing sliding block 2 does not generate plastic deformation under the action of explosion shock waves, and the materials meet the specific requirements: yield strength sigma 2 >200MPa, density rho 2 >2.0g/cm 3 。
Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional three-dimensional schematic view of the stationary base 3. As shown in fig. 8, the fixing base 3 is used for bearing the supporting splint 4 and the pressure sensing paper 5, and encapsulating the whole measuring device, and the shape of the measuring device is matched with that of the encapsulating shell 1, the right side of the measuring device is cylindrical, and the left side of the measuring device is cylindrical; the total length of the fixed base 3 is L 3 Satisfy 1.5l 13 <L 3 <0.3L 1 (ii) a The right cylindrical part has a length L 31 Satisfy 0.5l 13 <L 31 <0.5L 3 Diameter D 3 Satisfy D 3 ＝D 1 (ii) a The left cylindrical part has a length L 32 Satisfy L 32 ＝l 13 Outer diameter D 32 Satisfies D 32 ＝d 13 Inner diameter d 32 Satisfy d 32 ＝d 1 For loading the right support clamp 41, the pressure sensing paper 5 and the left support clamp 42; 4 array screw holes 31 are formed in the same circumferential section of the side wall of the cylindrical part at intervals of 90 degrees, movable bolts 6 are inserted into the array screw holes 31 to be assembled with through holes 14 in the side wall of the packaging shell 1, and the diameter of each array screw hole 31 is d 33 Satisfy d 33 ＝d 15 The center of the array screw hole 31 is spaced from the left end of the right cylindrical part by L 33 Satisfy l 33 ＝l 15 (ii) a A screw hole 32 is arranged at the center of the cylindrical part at the right side of the fixed base 3 and used for fixing the whole measuring device, and the diameter of the screw hole 32 is d 34 Satisfy 0.1D 3 <d 34 <0.6D 3 . The fixed base 3 is made of hard alloy, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma 4 >200MPa, density rho 4 >2.0g/cm 3 The basic principle is that the fixed base 3 is explodedNo plastic deformation is generated under the action of the shock wave. The fixed base 3 is fixed and detached by the movable bolt 6, so that a new sensing paper 5 can be loaded again, and the reuse of the measuring device is realized.
Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional three-dimensional schematic view of the right and left support cleats 41, 42. The right supporting splint 41 and the left supporting splint 42 have the same shape and structure, and the left supporting splint 42 is a circular sheet with a diameter D 4 Satisfies D 4 ＝d 1 Thickness t 4 Satisfies 0.2L 32 <t 4 <0.5L 32 . The right supporting clamping plate 41 and the left supporting clamping plate 42 are made of hard alloy or organic glass plates, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma 4 >100MPa, density rho 4 >1.0g/cm 3 The basic principle is that the left support splint 42 does not generate plastic deformation when being impacted by the explosion-bearing slide block 2. The right and left support plates 41, 42 sandwich the pressure sensing paper 5 therebetween, and are placed in a cylindrical portion at the left end of the fixing base 3.
Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional three-dimensional schematic view of the pressure sensing paper 5. The pressure-sensitive paper 5 is of a disc type having a diameter D 5 Satisfy D 5 ＝d 1 Thickness t 5 Satisfy t 5 <0.4l 32 . The pressure-sensitive paper 5 is a two-sheet type pressure-sensitive paper. The pressure sensing paper 5 is clamped between the left supporting splint 42 and the right supporting splint 41, when the explosion point 7 explodes, the pressure sensing paper 5 receives the pressure transmitted from the left supporting splint 42, the satellite color capsule of the A-film layer in the pressure sensing paper 5 is broken, the chromogenic substance in the satellite color capsule and the chromogenic substance of the C-film layer react with each other, and a red area appears on the pressure sensing paper 5; the material requirement of the pressure sensing paper 5 meets the following requirements: yield strength sigma 5 <1000MPa, density rho 5 <10.0g/cm 3 The measurable pressure range is 0.01MPa-100 MPa, and the pressure measurement resolution is not lower than 0.1kgf/cm 2 For example, the pressure sensing paper 4LW, LLW, LW, MW, MS, HS, PF1, PF2 has different measurable pressure ranges of different types of pressure sensing paper, and can be selected according to actual working conditions.
Fig. 11 is a sectional three-dimensional schematic view of the movable bolt 6. The movable bolt 6 consists of a screw 61 and a nut 62, and the screw 61 and the nut 62 are both cylinders; the screw 61 has a length of l 61 Satisfies 0.3 (D) 1 -d 1 )<l 61 <0.5(D 1 -d 1 ) Diameter d 6 Satisfy d 6 ＝d 33 (ii) a Nut 62 is of length l 62 Satisfy 0.1l 61 <l 62 <0.5l 61 Diameter of D 6 Satisfy 1.2d 6 <D 6 <1.6d 6 . The movable bolt 6 is made of hard alloy, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma 6 >100MPa, density rho 6 >1.0g/cm 3 The basic principle is that the movable bolt 6 does not plastically deform under the action of the blast shock wave. During assembly, the screws 61 are inserted through the through holes 14 of the package body 1 and screwed into the array screw holes 31 of the fixing base 3.
Fig. 4 is an axial cross-sectional view of the invention after impact of an explosion. As shown in fig. 4, after the explosion point 7 explodes, the explosion-bearing slider 2 is impacted by explosion and moves to the right, and impacts the left support splint 42, so that the left support splint 42 presses the pressure sensing paper 5, and the color of the pressure sensing paper 5 changes; scanning the pressure sensing paper 5 by using a pressure sensing paper data analysis system and outputting the impact pressure P (x) received by the pressure sensing paper 5 i ) (ii) a Then according to the calibration relation P (x) of the impact pressure value-impact speed of the pressure sensing paper 5 i ) = ρ Dv (where ρ is the material density of the left support jaw 42 and D is the speed of sound within the left support jaw 42), the velocity at which the detonation slide 2 impacts v, v = P (x) is inversely inferred i ) Rho D; and calculating the impulse i, i = mv obtained by the explosion-bearing slide block 2 according to the mass m and the speed v of the explosion-bearing slide block 2.
By removing the movable bolt 6 and then removing the package case 1, the support clamp 41, and the left support clamp 42, the new pressure-sensitive paper 5 can be replaced, and reuse of the measuring apparatus can be realized.
The main parameters of an embodiment of the invention are as follows: l is 1 ＝100mm、L 12 ＝60mm、l 12 ＝3mm、l 13 ＝10mm、l 14 ＝15mm、l 15 ＝5mm、D 1 ＝52mm、D 12 ＝42mm、d 1 ＝40mm、d 12 ＝39mm、d 13 ＝46mm、d 14 ＝6mm、d 15 ＝6mm、t 1 ＝6mm、L 2 ＝40mm、L 21 ＝3mm、L 22 ＝37mm、D 2 ＝39.6mm、D 21 ＝39mm、L 3 ＝18mm、L 31 ＝8mm、L 32 ＝10mm、L 33 ＝5mm、l 32 ＝10mm、D 3 ＝52mm、D 32 ＝46mm、d 32 ＝40mm、d 33 ＝6mm、d 34 ＝8mm、D 4 ＝40mm、t 4 ＝4mm、D 5 ＝40mm、t 5 ＝2mm、D 6 ＝10mm、d 6 ＝6mm、L 6 ＝7mm、l 61 ＝5mm、l 62 =2mm; the explosion-bearing sliding block 2, the right supporting clamping plate 41 and the left supporting clamping plate 42 are all made of steel materials, and the density rho of the steel materials is rho =7850kg/m 3 The sound velocity D in the steel is D =5200m/s; the type of pressure sensing paper 5 used was a FujiFilm-HS high pressure sensing paper.
When the measuring device designed according to the parameters is used for testing the impulse of the explosive shock wave, the equivalent TNT equivalent of a certain explosive is 8.27kg, the measuring device is arranged on a fixed support frame at a position which is 2.4m away from the explosive after being assembled, the left end of the measuring device faces the center of the explosive (namely the center of the explosive and the axis of the measuring device are on the same straight line), and after the measuring device is assembled, whether the left end face of the explosion bearing slide block 2 is level with the left end face of the packaging shell 1 or not and whether the whole measuring device is level or not are checked, so that the preparation work before the test is finished; then the explosive is detonated, and the pressure sensing paper 5 is pressed to generate color change and trace. Detaching the tested measuring device from the fixed support, taking out the pressure sensing paper 5, scanning the pressure sensing paper 5 after impulse testing by using a pressure sensing paper data analysis system TOPAQ (version FPD-8010-E), and outputting impact pressure P (x) received by the pressure sensing paper i ) =117.32MPa; and the impact velocity v = P (x) of the explosion-bearing slide block 2 can be reversely deduced according to the impact pressure value-impact velocity relation in impact dynamics i )/ρD＝14.732*10 6 7850/5200=2.874m/s; the impulse of the shock wave generated by the 8.27kgTNT explosion transmitted to the measuring device arranged at a 2.4m detonation distance
The impulse measuring method has simple flow and clear physical process, and the precision of the test result can reach the level of 0.001kgm/sThe method can be used for measuring explosive blast wave energy in standard target ranges, field target ranges and other severe environments, and provides a new reference choice for measuring the blast wave energy.
In the test of the impulse of the explosion shock wave at other positions with different explosive equivalent weights and different arrangement explosion distances, the passive measurement of the impulse of the explosion shock wave can be simply, rapidly and accurately completed by adopting the passive measurement device and the passive measurement method of the impulse of the explosion air shock wave based on the pressure sensing paper.
The above embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure and the size of the device can be adjusted correspondingly according to actual needs. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, variations and modifications (for example, changing the overall appearance of the measuring device from round to square, etc.) can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all of them belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A shock wave impulse passive measuring device based on pressure sensing paper color changing pressure measurement is characterized in that the shock wave impulse passive measuring device based on pressure sensing paper color changing pressure measurement is integrally in a conical cylinder shape and consists of a packaging shell (1), an explosion bearing slide block (2), a fixed base (3), a right supporting splint (41), a left supporting splint (42), pressure sensing paper (5) and a movable bolt (6); defining one end of the packaging shell (1) close to the explosion point (7) as the left end of a shock wave impulse passive measuring device based on pressure-sensitive paper color-changing pressure measurement, and defining one end of the packaging shell far away from the explosion point (7) as the right end of the shock wave impulse passive measuring device based on pressure-sensitive paper color-changing pressure measurement, wherein the conical cylinder shape means that the diameters of the two end surfaces of the left end and the right end are unequal; the explosion-bearing slide block (2), the left support splint (42), the pressure sensing paper (5) and the right support splint (41) are coaxially arranged in the packaging shell (1); the pressure sensing paper (5) is clamped between the right supporting splint (41) and the left supporting splint (42), and the right supporting splint (41) is tightly attached to the fixed base (3); the fixed base (3) is fixed at the right end of the packaging shell (1) through a movable bolt (6), the right end face of the packaging shell (1) is packaged, and meanwhile, the whole measuring device is fixed through a screw hole (32) of the fixed base (3); the explosion-bearing sliding block (2) is arranged at the leftmost end inside the packaging shell (1), and the left end face of the explosion-bearing sliding block (2) is flush with the left end face of the packaging shell (1); the diameter of the left port of the packaging shell (1) is smaller than the outer diameter of the explosion-bearing sliding block (2), so that the explosion-bearing sliding block (2), the left supporting clamping plate (42), the pressure sensing paper (5) and the right supporting clamping plate (41) are prevented from sliding out of the left end of the packaging shell (1);
the packaging shell (1) is used for loading and fixing other components, and the length of the packaging shell (1) is L 1 (ii) a The packaging shell (1) is formed by coaxially connecting a conical cylinder (11) and a circular cylinder (12); the outer diameter of the circular cylinder (12) is D 1 The thickness of the side wall of the circular cylinder (12) is t 1 Inner diameter d 1 ＝D 1 -2t 1 (ii) a The inner diameter of the left end of the packaging shell (1) is d 12 Inner diameter of d 12 Has a partial axial length of l 12 (ii) a The inner diameter of the conical cylinder (11) except the left end is d 12 The inner diameter of the remaining part is equal to d 1 (ii) a The outer diameter of the left end of the conical cylinder (11) is D 12 The outside diameter of the right end is equal to D 1 The axial length of the conical cylinder (11) is L 12 (ii) a The end face of the side wall of the right end of the conical cylinder (11) is connected with the end face of the side wall of the left end of the circular cylinder (12); the right end of the packaging shell (1) has an inner diameter d 13 Inner diameter of d 13 Has an axial length of l 13 (ii) a 4 through holes (14) are formed in the same circumferential section of the side wall of the packaging shell (1) at intervals of 90 degrees, and the diameter of each through hole (14) is d 15 The center distance of the through hole (14) is l from the right end of the packaging shell (1) 15 (ii) a A plurality of array air leakage holes (13) are formed in the side wall of the packaging shell (1); the explosion-bearing sliding block (2) is borne in the packaging shell (1) to ensure that the explosion-bearing sliding block can freely slide in the packaging shell (1) without friction; the packaging shell (1) is made of metal materials or organic glass, and the packaging shell (1) is required not to generate plastic deformation under the action of shock waves;
the explosion-bearing slide block (2) is a cylinder with the diameter of D 2 Satisfy D 2 ＝d 1 Length of L 2 (ii) a Cutting a boss (21) at the left end of the explosion-bearing sliding block (2) to enable the left end surfaces of the explosion-bearing sliding block (2) and the packaging shell (1) to be flush when the explosion-bearing sliding block and the packaging shell are assembled, wherein the diameter of the boss (21) is D 21 Length of L 21 (ii) a The two end faces of the explosion-bearing sliding block (2) are parallel and vertical to the central axis of the packaging shell (1), and the explosion-bearing sliding block (2) and the packaging shellThe bodies (1) are assembled in a friction-free sliding manner; the explosion-bearing sliding block (2) is made of alloy materials or organic glass, and the materials meet the requirement that the explosion-bearing sliding block (2) does not generate plastic deformation under the action of explosion shock waves;
the fixed base (3) is used for bearing the supporting clamping plate (4) and the pressure sensing paper (5) and packaging the whole measuring device, the shape of the fixed base is matched with that of the packaging shell (1), the right side of the fixed base is cylindrical, and the left side of the fixed base is cylindrical; the total length of the fixed base (3) is L 3 (ii) a The right cylindrical part has a length L 31 Diameter D 3 Satisfy D 3 ＝D 1 (ii) a The left cylindrical portion has a length L 32 Outer diameter of D 32 Inner diameter d 32 ＝d 1 A right support clamp (41), a pressure sensing paper (5) and a left support clamp (42) are loaded; 4 array screw holes (31) are formed in the same circumferential section of the side wall of the cylindrical part at intervals of 90 degrees, and movable bolts (6) are inserted into the array screw holes (31) to be assembled with through holes (14) in the side wall of the packaging shell (1); a screw hole (32) is formed in the center of a cylindrical part on the right side of the fixed base (3) and used for fixing the integral measuring device; the fixed base (3) is made of hard alloy, so that the fixed base (3) does not generate plastic deformation under the action of the explosive shock wave; the fixed base (3) is fixed and disassembled through a movable bolt (6);
the right supporting splint (41) and the left supporting splint (42) have the same shape and structure, the left supporting splint (42) is in a circular sheet shape, and the diameter D of the left supporting splint 4 Satisfy D 4 ＝d 1 (ii) a The right supporting clamping plate (41) and the left supporting clamping plate (42) are both made of hard alloy or organic glass plates, so that the left supporting clamping plate (42) does not generate plastic deformation when being impacted by the explosion-bearing sliding block (2); the pressure sensing paper (5) is clamped between the right supporting splint (41) and the left supporting splint (42), and the right supporting splint (41), the left supporting splint (42) and the pressure sensing paper (5) are placed in the cylindrical part at the left end of the fixed base (3);
the pressure sensing paper (5) is of a circular sheet type, and the pressure sensing paper (5) is of a double-sheet type; the pressure sensing paper (5) is clamped between the left supporting splint (42) and the right supporting splint (41), when the explosion point (7) explodes, the pressure sensing paper (5) is subjected to pressure transmitted from the left supporting splint (42), the satellite color capsule of the A-film layer in the pressure sensing paper (5) is broken, the color substance in the satellite color capsule and the color substance of the C-film layer react with each other, and a red area appears on the pressure sensing paper (5);
the movable bolt (6) consists of a screw (61) and a nut (62), and the screw (61) and the nut (62) are both cylinders; the movable bolt (6) is made of hard alloy, and the movable bolt (6) is required not to generate plastic deformation under the action of the explosion shock wave; the screws (61) penetrate through the through holes (14) of the packaging shell (1) and then are screwed into the array screw holes (31) of the fixing base (3).
2. The passive measuring device of shock wave impulse based on pressure-sensitive thermochromic pressure measurement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the length L of the package housing (1) is 1 Satisfies 0.01m<L 1 <1m; the outer diameter D of the circular cylinder (12) of the packaging shell (1) 1 Satisfies 0.01m<D 1 <0.3m, sidewall thickness t of the cylinder (12) 1 Satisfies 0.001m<t 1 <0.1m, inner diameter d 1 ＝D 1 -2t 1 (ii) a Inner diameter d of left end of packaging shell (1) 12 Satisfies 0.7D 1 <d 12 <D 1 Inner diameter of d 12 Partial axial length l of 12 Satisfies 0.01L 1 <l 12 <0.1L 1 (ii) a The outer diameter D of the left end of the conical cylinder (11) 12 Satisfy d 1 <D 12 <D 1 The outside diameter of the right end is equal to D 1 Axial length L of the conical cylinder (11) 12 Satisfies 0.1L 1 <L 12 <0.8L 1 (ii) a Right end inner diameter d of the package housing (1) 13 Satisfy d 1 <d 13 <D 1 Inner diameter of d 13 Axial length of the part of (a) < l > 13 Satisfies 0.05L 1 <l 13 <0.3L 1 (ii) a Diameter d of the through-hole (14) 15 Satisfies 0.004m<d 15 <0.02m, the center distance of the through hole (14) is equal to the right end l of the packaging shell (1) 15 Satisfies 0.4l 13 <l 15 <0.6l 13 (ii) a The distance l between the array air leakage hole (13) processed on the side wall of the packaging shell (1) and the right end of the packaging shell (1) 14 Satisfies 1.5l 13 <l 14 <L 1 -L 12 The total area of the array air-release holes (13) is larger than that of the packaging shell (C)1) 10% of the side area.
3. The passive measuring device of shock wave impulse based on pressure sensing photochromic pressure measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that the friction coefficient μ between the package housing (1) and the explosion-bearing slider (2) is less than 0.05.
4. The shock wave impulse passive measurement device based on pressure sensing photochromic pressure measurement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the length L of the explosion-bearing slider (2) 2 Satisfies 0.05L 1 <L 2 <0.6L 1 (ii) a Diameter D of boss (21) cut at left end of explosion-bearing slide block (2) 21 ＝d 12 Length L of 21 ＝l 12 。
5. The shock wave impulse passive measuring device based on pressure-sensitive thermochromic manometry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total length L of said fixing base (3) is 3 Satisfies 1.5l 13 <L 3 <0.3L 1 (ii) a Length L of right cylindrical part 31 Satisfies 0.5l 13 <L 31 <0.5L 3 (ii) a Length L of left cylindrical portion 32 ＝l 13 Outer diameter D 32 ＝d 13 (ii) a Diameter d of screw holes (31) arrayed on the side wall of the cylindrical part 33 ＝d 15 The center of the array screw hole (31) is spaced from the left end L of the right cylindrical part 33 ＝l 15 (ii) a The diameter d of a screw hole (32) arranged on the right side of the fixed base (3) 34 Satisfies 0.1D 3 <d 34 <0.6D 3 。
6. The shock wave impulse passive measuring device based on pressure-sensitive paper color-changing pressure measurement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the thickness t of the left support splint (42) 4 Satisfies 0.2L 32 <t 4 <0.5L 32 。
7. The shock wave impulse passive measurement device based on pressure sensing photochromic pressure measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure sensing is performed by a pressure sensorDiameter D of the paper (5) 5 ＝d 1 Thickness t 5 <0.4l 32 (ii) a The measurable pressure range of the pressure sensing paper (5) is 0.01MPa-100 MPa, and the pressure testing resolution is not lower than 0.1kgf/cm 2 。
8. The shock wave impulse passive measurement device based on pressure sensing platen color change pressure measurement according to claim 7, characterized in that the pressure sensing platen (5) adopts pressure sensing platens 4LW, LLW, LW, MW, MS, HS, PF1, PF2.
9. The shock wave impulse passive measuring device based on pressure sensing thermochromic pressure measurement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the screw (61) and the nut (62) of the movable bolt (6) are both cylindrical; the length of the screw (61) is l 61 Satisfies 0.3 (D) 1 -d 1 )<l 61 <0.5(D 1 -d 1 ) Diameter d 6 ＝d 33 (ii) a The nut (62) has a length of l 62 Satisfy 0.1l 61 <l 62 <0.5l 61 Diameter D of 6 Satisfies 1.2d 6 <D 6 <1.6d 6 。
10. The shock wave impulse passive measurement device based on pressure sensing thermochromic pressure measurement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the package housing (1) is made of a material satisfying: yield strength sigma 1 >100MPa, density rho 1 >1g/cm 3 (ii) a The explosion-bearing sliding block (2) is made of the following materials: yield strength sigma 2 >200MPa, density rho 2 >2.0g/cm 3 (ii) a The hard alloy adopted by the fixed base (3) meets the following requirements: yield strength sigma 4 >200MPa, density rho 4 >2.0g/cm 3 (ii) a The right supporting splint (41) and the left supporting splint (42) are made of the following materials: yield strength sigma 4 >100MPa, density rho 4 >1.0g/cm 3 (ii) a The material of the pressure sensing paper (5) meets the following requirements: yield strength sigma 5 <1000MPa, density rho 5 <10.0g/cm 3 (ii) a The hard alloy adopted by the movable bolt (6) meets the following requirements: yield strength sigma 6 >100MPa, densityρ 6 >1.0g/cm 3 。
11. A method for measuring shock wave impulse in an explosion field by using the shock wave impulse passive measuring device based on the pressure sensing photochromic pressure measurement as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, installing a measuring device:
1.1, fixing a fixed base (3) on any stable bracket or wall through a screw hole (32) at the right end;
1.2 clamping the pressure sensing paper (5) between a left supporting splint (42) and a right supporting splint (41), and then placing the left supporting splint (42) and the right supporting splint (41) which clamp the pressure sensing paper (5) into a cylindrical part at the left side of the fixed base (3);
1.3, the explosion-bearing sliding block (2) is arranged in the packaging shell (1), and the left end face of the explosion-bearing sliding block (2) is flush with the left end face of the packaging shell (1);
1.4, inserting the left end part of the fixed base (3) into the right end of the packaging shell (1), inserting a screw (61) of a movable bolt (6) into a through hole (14) of the packaging shell (1) and screwing the screw into an array screw hole (31) of the fixed base (3);
1.5 carry out the whole inspection to the passive measuring device of explosion air shock wave impulse based on sensing paper, inspection target and detail include: whether the whole device is horizontal or not; whether the left end face of the explosion-bearing sliding block (2) is flush with the left end face of the packaging shell (1) or not;
secondly, measuring the impulse of the shock wave by adopting an explosion air impulse passive measuring device based on the pressure sensing paper:
2.1, the explosion point (7) explodes, and the explosion-bearing slide block (2) accelerates rightwards under the impact of explosion;
2.2 the explosion-bearing slide block (2) impacts the left support splint (42), and the left support splint (42) extrudes the pressure sensing paper (5);
2.3 the pressure sensing paper (5) is pressed to generate color change and mark;
thirdly, data recording and processing:
3.1 after the explosion is finished, taking down the movable bolt (6), removing the packaging shell (1) and the explosion-bearing slide block (2), and taking down the right support clamping plate (41), the left support clamping plate (42) and the pressure sensing paper (5);
3.2 scanning the pressure sensing paper (5) after impulse test by using a pressure sensing paper data analysis system, and outputting impact pressure P (xi) received by the pressure sensing paper (5) by the pressure sensing paper data analysis system;
3.3, reversely deducing the speed v = P (xi)/rho D when the explosion-bearing slider (2) is impacted according to a calibration relation P (xi) = rho Dv of an impact pressure value-impact speed in impact dynamics, wherein rho is the material density of the left support clamping plate (42), and D is the sound speed in the left support clamping plate (42);
3.4, calculating impulse i, i = mv, obtained by the explosion-bearing sliding block (2), wherein m is the mass of the explosion-bearing sliding block (2); the impulse i obtained by calculation is the impulse of the shock wave transmitted to the measuring device by the air shock wave generated by the explosion of the explosive at the explosion point (7);
and 3.5 after the experiment is finished, replacing the new sensing paper (5) and laying the measuring device according to the first step to realize the reutilization of the measuring device.
12. The method for measuring shock wave impulse in explosion field by using the passive measuring device for shock wave impulse based on pressure sensing paper color change pressure measurement as claimed in claim 11, wherein the 3.2 steps of the pressure sensing paper data analysis system adopts TOPAQ system with version FPD-8010-E and above.
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