CN115652857B - Dam seepage-proofing construction method - Google Patents
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- CN115652857B CN115652857B CN202211301387.5A CN202211301387A CN115652857B CN 115652857 B CN115652857 B CN 115652857B CN 202211301387 A CN202211301387 A CN 202211301387A CN 115652857 B CN115652857 B CN 115652857B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of dam seepage prevention construction, and particularly discloses a dam seepage prevention construction method. The dam seepage-proofing construction method comprises the following steps: step 1), cleaning a dam surface; step 2), building a concrete pouring template on the dam surface; step 3), preparing waterproof concrete mixture; step 4), pouring waterproof concrete mixture; step 5), curing and demolding to form an impermeable wear-resistant layer; the waterproof concrete mixture consists of the following components in parts by mass: water, silicate cement, aggregate, wear-resistant filler and additive. The invention has the advantage of reducing erosion of the dam by water flow scouring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dam seepage prevention construction, in particular to a dam seepage prevention construction method.
Background
The dam is an important water retaining building and has the function of intercepting the water flow of a river channel to realize water level elevation and flow regulation, so that the dam needs to have stable seepage-proofing performance, and if the dam leaks, the dam loses the function and is easy to bring disasters.
The dam is mainly made of concrete materials, the existing waterproof impervious concrete has good impervious performance, however, because the water blocked by the dam is not pure water, a large amount of sediment is entrained in the water flow, the sediment is very serious in erosion to the dam face under the drive of the water flow, damage is easy to occur after long-time use, the pressure of a high water level to the dam is huge, the damage formed under the erosion is easy to form a weak point, the dam is easy to form diseases at the weak point and gradually expand, leakage is caused, and even larger damage is caused when serious, so that the dam has room for improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce erosion of water flow scouring to a dam, the application provides an anti-seepage construction method of the dam.
The dam seepage-proofing construction method provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme:
the dam seepage-proofing construction method comprises the following steps:
step 1), cleaning a dam surface;
step 2), building a concrete pouring template on the dam surface;
step 3), preparing waterproof concrete mixture;
step 4), pouring waterproof concrete mixture;
step 5), curing and demolding to form an impermeable wear-resistant layer;
the waterproof concrete mixture consists of the following components in parts by mass:
100 parts of water;
335-340 parts of silicate cement;
810-830 parts of aggregate;
350-360 parts of wear-resistant filler;
2.881-2.924 parts of additive.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through newly constructing one deck prevention of seepage wearing layer at the dam facing for the dam facing has higher performance that prevents the erosion of scour and erosion, is difficult for forming gully, fine line at the dam facing, thereby makes the rivers difficult invasion dam body's concrete inside, thereby makes the stability of dam higher, is difficult for leading to the damage that the dam damaged seepage appears under higher pressure because of forming the weak point, realizes the prevention of seepage reinforcement to the dam.
By adding the wear-resistant filler into the waterproof concrete mixture, the formed anti-seepage wear-resistant layer has higher wear resistance, is not easy to form ravines and fine lines under the flushing of water with sediment, is durable, and has higher economic value because the anti-seepage wear-resistant layer only needs to be covered on the surface of a concrete dam body and has less consumption and difficult wear due to the fact that the anti-seepage wear-resistant layer is covered on the surface of the concrete dam body.
Preferably, in the step 2), before the pouring template is built, a plurality of protruding strips extending horizontally are fixedly installed on the surface of the pouring template, when the pouring template is installed, the surface of the plate provided with the protruding strips faces the dam surface, and in the step 5), a plurality of water blocking grooves extending horizontally are formed on the seepage-proof wear-resistant layer after demolding.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through forming the water blocking groove for when rivers wash out, can dash into the water blocking groove, thereby make partial silt deposit in the water blocking groove thereby blocked, make the distance that silt impacted the prevention of seepage wearing layer shorten by a wide margin, reduced the phenomenon of a large amount of silt large tracts of land friction prevention of seepage wearing layer, further reduced the influence that wash out friction brought wearing and tearing.
Preferably, the cross section of sand grip is right trapezoid and right trapezoid's lower bottom and template laminating, sand grip top lateral wall is perpendicular with the template.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, be right trapezoid through the cross section of sand grip for the cell wall that the waist that the water blocking groove corresponds with right trapezoid angle of inclination forms the guide surface, and the cell wall that the water blocking groove corresponds with the waist at right trapezoid vertical angle forms the blocking surface, makes silt more easily get into in the water blocking groove and more easily be blocked by the water blocking groove, reduces silt large tracts of land phenomenon of preventing seepage wearing layer better.
Preferably, in the step 2), the interval between adjacent raised strips on the pouring template is 1-1.2m.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme for the effect that blocks silt is preferred, if the interval is too short, can lead to every water blocking groove deposit silt's volume to reduce by a wide margin, reduces the effect of water blocking groove, if the interval overlength, can lead to reducing silt friction prevention of seepage wearing layer's effect decline.
Preferably, the wear-resistant filler is a compound of silicon carbide powder, zirconia powder, cast stone powder and montmorillonite powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, the anti-seepage wear-resistant layer has better wear-resistant effect through the compounding of the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder, the cast stone powder and the montmorillonite powder, the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder and the cast stone powder are all wear-resistant materials, the wear resistance of concrete can be improved, but when the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder and the cast stone powder are directly added, the wear resistance is actually improved generally, after the montmorillonite powder is added, the wear resistance is greatly improved mainly because the montmorillonite layered structure has lubricating property, although the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder and the cast stone powder have high hardness, the possibility of damage still exists under high flow velocity, but the layered structure of the montmorillonite is deformed through sliding, so that the concrete not only has hard-touch performance, but also has the effect of soft-gram rigidity, and the most direct impact is buffered through trace sliding deformation, so that the wear resistance is greatly improved.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the silicon carbide powder to the zirconia powder to the cast stone powder to the montmorillonite powder is 2:1:3:4.
by adopting the technical scheme, the mass ratio of the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder, the cast stone powder and the montmorillonite powder is specifically selected, so that the prepared concrete has better wear resistance and can protect the dam for a long time.
Preferably, the additive is a compound of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, triethanolamine, triterpenoid saponin, polyacrylate alcohol and calcium lignosulfonate.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through the compound of adding hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, triethanolamine, triterpenoid saponin, polypropylene glycol can promote the impervious performance of impervious wearing layer by a wide margin for also be difficult for appearing the seepage under high pressure, protect the dam better, reduce the moisture erosion, also reduced simultaneously and constructed complicated rivers infiltration in the impervious wearing layer with the circumstances of corroding impervious wearing layer inner structure, make impervious wearing layer structural stability higher.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, the triethanolamine, the triterpenoid saponin, the polyacrylate and the calcium lignosulfonate is 5:0.2:0.1:0.3:3.
by adopting the technical scheme, the effect of improving the impermeability of the impermeability and wear-resistant layer is better, and the quality is better.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. because this application is through newly constructing one deck prevention of seepage wearing layer at the dam facing for the dam facing has higher performance that scour protection eroded, is difficult for forming ravines, fine lines at the dam facing, thereby makes the rivers difficult to invade the concrete inside of dam body, thereby makes the stability of dam higher, is difficult for leading to the dam to appear damaging the harm of seepage under higher pressure because of forming the weak point, realizes the prevention of seepage reinforcement to the dam.
2. In this application, preferably through adding wear-resisting filler in waterproof concrete mixture for the prevention of seepage wearing layer that forms has higher wear resistance, is carrying silt rivers to wash down, also be difficult for forming gully, fine line, makes prevention of seepage wearing layer durable, although prevention of seepage wearing layer's cost is higher than ordinary concrete, because only need cover at concrete dam body surface, the quantity is less, prevention of seepage wearing layer is difficult for wearing and tearing moreover, can protect the dam for a long time, still has higher economic value.
3. In the application, the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder, the cast stone powder and the montmorillonite powder are compounded, so that the wear-resisting effect of the anti-seepage wear-resisting layer is better, the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder and the cast stone powder are all wear-resisting materials, the wear-resisting performance of concrete can be improved, when the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder and the cast stone powder are directly added, the wear-resisting performance is actually improved generally, after the montmorillonite powder is added, the wear-resisting performance is greatly improved, mainly because the montmorillonite layered structure has lubricating performance, although the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder and the cast stone powder have high hardness, the damage possibility still exists at a high flow rate, but the layered structure of the montmorillonite deforms through sliding, so that the concrete not only has hard-touch performance, but also has the effect of soft-gram rigidity, and the most direct impact is buffered through micro sliding deformation, and the wear-resisting performance is greatly improved.
4. In the application, the anti-permeability performance of the anti-permeability and wear-resistant layer can be greatly improved by adding the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, the triethanolamine, the triterpenoid saponin and the polyacrylate, so that leakage is not easy to occur under high pressure, a dam is better protected, water erosion is reduced, and meanwhile, the condition that complex water flows penetrate into the anti-permeability and wear-resistant layer to corrode the inner structure of the anti-permeability and wear-resistant layer is also reduced, so that the structural stability of the anti-permeability and wear-resistant layer is higher.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
A dam seepage-proofing construction method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1), cutting off water flow, flushing the surface of the dam by clean water, and removing dirt to clean the dam surface.
Step 2), fixedly mounting a plurality of protruding strips extending horizontally on the face of a concrete pouring template, wherein the cross section of each protruding strip is in a right trapezoid shape, the lower bottom of the right trapezoid shape is attached to the template, the side wall of the top of each protruding strip is perpendicular to the template, the interval between every two adjacent protruding strips is 1m, then the concrete pouring template is built on a dam face, and the face with the protruding strips mounted faces the dam face during mounting.
Step 3) preparing waterproof concrete mixture, which comprises the following steps:
step 3-1), 100kg of water, 335kg of silicate cement, 350kg of wear-resistant filler and 2.881kg of additive are put into stirring equipment, and stirring is carried out for 3min at the rotating speed of 120 r/min.
And step 3-1), 810kg of aggregate is added, the rotating speed is adjusted to 80r/min, and the mixture is stirred for 8min, so that the waterproof concrete mixture is obtained.
And 4) pouring the waterproof concrete mixture prepared in the step 3) towards the space between the concrete pouring template and the dam face.
And 5) demolding after curing for 3d, curing by sprinkling water to 7d, and standing and curing to 28d to form an impermeable and wear-resistant layer with the thickness of 5cm, wherein the surface of the impermeable and wear-resistant layer far away from the dam face is provided with convex strips due to the fact that the concrete pouring template in the step 2) is provided with a plurality of water blocking grooves.
In the step 3), the wear-resistant filler is the compound of silicon carbide powder, zirconia powder, cast stone powder and montmorillonite powder, and the mass ratio of the silicon carbide powder to the zirconia powder to the cast stone powder to the montmorillonite powder is 2:1:3:4.
the silicon carbide powder is 325 mesh powder, the zirconia powder is 325 mesh powder, the cast stone powder is 325 mesh powder, and the montmorillonite powder is 325 mesh sodium montmorillonite powder.
In the step 3), the additive is a compound of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, triethanolamine, triterpenoid saponin, polyprenol and calcium lignosulfonate, and the mass ratio of the compound of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, triethanolamine, triterpenoid saponin, polyprenol and calcium lignosulfonate is 5:0.2:0.1:0.3:3.
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose viscosity was 400mpa.s.
Triethanolamine CAS number: 102-71-6.
Triterpenoid saponins are purchased from Shandong Chuangli New Material Co.
The polypropylene alcohol is PPG-400, CAS number: 25322-69-4.
Calcium lignin sulfonate CAS number: 8061-52-7.
In the step 3), aggregate is a mixture of river sand and broken stone, and the mass ratio of the river sand to the broken stone is 2:3, the grain size of river sand is less than or equal to 4.75mm, and the grain size of broken stone is 5-8mm.
Example 2
A dam seepage-proofing construction method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1), cutting off water flow, flushing the surface of the dam by clean water, and removing dirt to clean the dam surface.
Step 2), fixedly mounting a plurality of protruding strips extending horizontally on the face of a concrete pouring template, wherein the cross section of each protruding strip is in a right trapezoid shape, the lower bottom of the right trapezoid shape is attached to the template, the side wall of the top of each protruding strip is perpendicular to the template, the interval between every two adjacent protruding strips is 1.2m, then the concrete pouring template is built on a dam face, and the face with the protruding strips mounted faces the dam face during mounting.
Step 3) preparing waterproof concrete mixture, which comprises the following steps:
step 3-1), 100kg of water, 340kg of silicate cement, 360kg of wear-resistant filler and 2.924kg of additive are put into stirring equipment, and stirring is carried out for 3min at the rotating speed of 120 r/min.
And 3-1), adding 830kg of aggregate, adjusting the rotating speed to 80r/min, and stirring for 8min to obtain the waterproof concrete mixture.
And 4) pouring the waterproof concrete mixture prepared in the step 3) towards the space between the concrete pouring template and the dam face.
And 5) demolding after curing for 3d, curing by sprinkling water to 7d, and standing and curing to 28d to form an impermeable and wear-resistant layer with the thickness of 5cm, wherein the surface of the impermeable and wear-resistant layer far away from the dam face is provided with convex strips due to the fact that the concrete pouring template in the step 2) is provided with a plurality of water blocking grooves.
In the step 3), the wear-resistant filler is the compound of silicon carbide powder, zirconia powder, cast stone powder and montmorillonite powder, and the mass ratio of the silicon carbide powder to the zirconia powder to the cast stone powder to the montmorillonite powder is 2:1:3:4.
the silicon carbide powder is 325 mesh powder, the zirconia powder is 325 mesh powder, the cast stone powder is 325 mesh powder, and the montmorillonite powder is 325 mesh sodium montmorillonite powder.
In the step 3), the additive is a compound of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, triethanolamine, triterpenoid saponin, polyprenol and calcium lignosulfonate, and the mass ratio of the compound of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, triethanolamine, triterpenoid saponin, polyprenol and calcium lignosulfonate is 5:0.2:0.1:0.3:3.
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose viscosity was 400mpa.s.
Triethanolamine CAS number: 102-71-6.
Triterpenoid saponins are purchased from Shandong Chuangli New Material Co.
The polypropylene alcohol is PPG-400, CAS number: 25322-69-4.
Calcium lignin sulfonate CAS number: 8061-52-7.
In the step 3), aggregate is a mixture of river sand and broken stone, and the mass ratio of the river sand to the broken stone is 2:3, the grain size of river sand is less than or equal to 4.75mm, and the grain size of broken stone is 5-8mm.
Example 3
The dam seepage-proofing construction method is different from the embodiment 1 only in that:
the wear-resistant filler adopts ceramic powder to replace montmorillonite powder in equal quantity.
Example 4
The dam seepage-proofing construction method is different from the embodiment 1 only in that:
the additive adopts hydroxypropyl starch ether to replace hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in equal quantity.
Hydroxypropyl starch ether CAS:9049-76-7, the viscosity is 500mpa.s.
Example 5
The dam seepage-proofing construction method is different from the embodiment 1 only in that:
the additive adopts glycerol to replace triethanolamine with equal amount.
Glycerol CAS:56-81-5.
Example 6
The dam seepage-proofing construction method is different from the embodiment 1 only in that:
the additive adopts sodium abietate to replace triterpenoid saponin in equal quantity.
Sodium abietate CAS:14351-66-7.
Example 7
The dam seepage-proofing construction method is different from the embodiment 1 only in that:
polyethylene glycol-400 is adopted in the additive to replace the polyacrylate with equal quantity.
Polyethylene glycol CAS:25322-68-3.
Comparative example 1
The dam seepage-proofing construction method is different from the embodiment 1 only in that:
and the aggregate equivalent is adopted to replace the wear-resistant filler.
The aggregate is a mixture of river sand and broken stone, and the mass ratio of the river sand to the broken stone is 2:3, the grain size of river sand is less than or equal to 4.75mm, and the grain size of broken stone is 5-8mm.
Experiment 1
The 7d compressive strength and the 28d compressive strength of the waterproof concrete mixture of each example and the comparative example were tested according to the standard of the test method for the mechanical properties of ordinary concrete GB/T50081-2016.
Experiment 2
The anti-permeability grade of the waterproof concrete mixture of each example and comparative example was tested according to the test method Standard for the long-term Performance and durability of ordinary concrete GB/T50082-2009.
Experiment 3
Erosion wear test
Test conditions, 70# garnet was used as the abrasive, d 50 Is 0.2mm.
Tap water and abrasive were used to mix 9:1, and continuously stirring to prevent precipitation.
The waterproof concrete mixture prepared by each example and comparative example is prepared into a scouring abrasion sample which is 7cm wide and 3cm thick by a conventional curing method.
The sand-containing water is flushed towards the surfaces of all samples for 10min by high-pressure water jet equipment, the sand-containing water flow rate is 88m/s, the impact angle is 15 degrees, the jet hole size of a water gun nozzle of the high-pressure water jet equipment is 2.5mm, and a 0-degree nozzle is adopted.
When the sample is washed, the vertical distance between the nozzle and the washed surface of the sample is 2cm, and the washing point is close to the middle part of the sample.
Before flushing, the sample is placed in a 110 ℃ oven, dried for 3 hours, evaporated to dryness, the initial weight is weighed, after flushing, the sample is placed in the 110 ℃ oven, dried for 3 hours, evaporated to dryness, the weight after abrasion is weighed, and the weight loss (%) is calculated by the following formula.
Weight loss = (initial weight-weight after wear)/initial weight x 100%.
The specific experimental data for experiments 1-3 are detailed in Table 1.
TABLE 1
According to the data in the table 1, when the wear-resistant filler is compounded of silicon carbide powder, zirconia powder, cast stone powder and montmorillonite powder, the weight loss of the sample can be effectively reduced, the sample has better erosion and wear resistance, the dam is better protected, the dam is not easy to damage and leak, and the service life of the dam is prolonged.
When the montmorillonite powder is replaced, the weight loss is obviously improved, and the erosion and abrasion resistance is reduced, so that the erosion and abrasion resistance is optimal only when the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder, the cast stone powder and the montmorillonite powder are compounded.
When the additive comprises the compound of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, triethanolamine, triterpenoid saponin and polypropylene alcohol, the anti-seepage grade of the sample is higher, the anti-seepage performance is better, and when the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose or the polypropylene alcohol is replaced, the triethanolamine and the triterpenoid saponin only can exert the original anti-seepage effect, and when the compound of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, the triethanolamine, the triterpenoid saponin and the polypropylene alcohol, the anti-seepage effect can be further improved, the anti-seepage effect is better, the internal structure of the concrete is reduced, the dam is protected for a longer time, and the anti-seepage effect of the dam is better.
The present embodiment is merely illustrative of the present application and is not intended to be limiting, and those skilled in the art, after having read the present specification, may make modifications to the present embodiment without creative contribution as required, but is protected by patent laws within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A dam seepage-proofing construction method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1), cleaning a dam surface;
step 2), building a concrete pouring template on the dam surface;
step 3), preparing waterproof concrete mixture;
step 4), pouring waterproof concrete mixture;
step 5), curing and demolding to form an impermeable wear-resistant layer;
the waterproof concrete mixture consists of the following components in parts by mass:
100 parts of water;
335-340 parts of silicate cement;
810-830 parts of aggregate;
350-360 parts of wear-resistant filler;
2.881-2.924 parts of additive;
the wear-resistant filler is a compound of silicon carbide powder, zirconia powder, cast stone powder and montmorillonite powder;
the mass ratio of the silicon carbide powder to the zirconia powder to the cast stone powder to the montmorillonite powder is 2:1:3:4.
2. the dam seepage-proofing construction method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2), before the pouring template is built, a plurality of convex strips extending horizontally are fixedly arranged on the surface of the pouring template, when the pouring template is arranged, the surface of the plate provided with the convex strips faces the dam surface, and in the step 5), a plurality of water blocking grooves extending horizontally are formed on the seepage-proofing wear-resisting layer after demoulding.
3. The dam seepage-proofing construction method according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cross section of sand grip is right trapezoid and right trapezoid's lower bottom and template laminating, sand grip top lateral wall is perpendicular with the template.
4. A dam seepage-proofing construction method according to claim 3, wherein: the interval between adjacent raised strips is 1-1.2m.
5. The dam seepage-proofing construction method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the additive is a compound of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, triethanolamine, triterpenoid saponin, polyacrylate alcohol and calcium lignosulfonate.
6. The dam seepage-proofing construction method according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to the triethanolamine to the triterpene saponin to the polyprenol to the calcium lignosulfonate is 5:0.2:0.1:0.3:3.
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