CN115643631A - Base station regulation and control method and system based on cognitive radio - Google Patents
Base station regulation and control method and system based on cognitive radio Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a base station regulation and control method and a system based on cognitive radio, which are used for carrying out signal perception on each working frequency point which can be used for mobile communication in a region; performing information extraction processing on a wireless signal obtained by signal perception; the method comprises the steps of making a decision according to information obtained by information extraction processing to obtain a specific regulation and control strategy of a base station, adding a spectrum sensing function to a micro station in a heterogeneous network on the basis of a current network, sensing and processing signals on a working spectrum through the sensing, and making an energy-saving strategy decision, so that network energy consumption reduction and energy efficiency improvement can be realized, user experience is guaranteed, and based on energy information and load information of terminal users and base station users, current state information of the users and energy efficiency evaluation, the decision is made whether to activate or deactivate carriers, and the interruption of information interaction can be avoided while the maximum energy-saving benefit is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy conservation of a base station of a cellular mobile communication system, and particularly relates to a base station regulation and control method and system based on cognitive radio.
Background
In recent years, with the global attention on carbon emission, the energy consumption of the 5G base station also becomes a key problem to be solved in the actions of operators and equipment manufacturers in realizing 'carbon peak reaching, carbon neutralization'. In order to solve the problem, researchers provide technologies such as symbol turning-off, channel turning-off and carrier turning-off, but the decision methods required by the technologies are not perfect.
The existing solutions mainly rely on two approaches:
1. energy-saving strategy selection based on inter-cell information interaction
The strategy is mainly applied to an energy-saving mode of cell switching-off, and comprises the steps of selecting a cell to switch off according to a certain switching-off cell selection principle by means of interaction of load or service characteristics among cells and interaction of overlapping coverage information among the cells and aiming at a certain characteristic met by a low load or a current coverage area, and selecting the cell to activate when a switching-off condition is not met.
The advantages of this solution are: regional energy-saving strategy selection is carried out based on the state of one region, and the problem of overall energy efficiency optimization is considered; meanwhile, because cell switching-off is selected, based on the current hardware technology, the scheme can provide deeper switching-off effect so as to achieve the maximum energy-saving benefit.
The disadvantages of this solution: certain time delay exists in information interaction among cells, especially common coverage information is difficult to obtain, and certain hysteresis and deviation exist in implementation of an energy-saving strategy; meanwhile, due to the problem of information interaction, communication interruption is easy to cause, and meanwhile, the experience of a terminal user is reduced.
2. Energy-saving strategy selection based on cell autonomy
The method is mainly applied to energy-saving strategy selection with a cell as a unit, such as channel cut-off, symbol cut-off and the like. The cell autonomously selects an activation channel turn-off strategy or a symbol turn-off strategy based on a certain load or a service state so as to obtain an energy-saving effect.
The advantages of this solution are: the cell does not need to carry out information interaction with other cells, only needs to detect the working state of the cell, and can determine which switching-off strategy to select through an optimization algorithm;
the disadvantages of this solution: based on the current hardware, the energy-saving effect of symbol turn-off and channel turn-off is inferior to that of carrier turn-off; the channel shutdown may also cause a reduction in coverage due to beamforming, thereby resulting in a reduction in service experience of the terminal user.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a base station regulation and control method and a base station regulation and control system based on cognitive radio, which are used for overcoming the problems that macro and micro base station information interaction overhead is high, time delay is long, and energy-saving strategy implementation effect and user experience are influenced in a heterogeneous network scene in a cellular mobile communication system in the prior art.
A base station regulation and control method based on cognitive radio comprises the following steps:
s1, performing signal perception on each working frequency point which can be used for mobile communication in the region;
s2, information extraction processing is carried out on the wireless signals obtained through signal perception;
and S3, making a decision according to the information obtained by the information extraction processing to obtain a specific regulation and control strategy of the base station.
Preferably, the available frequency spectrum information of each working frequency point used for mobile communication in the region is obtained by establishing the sensing base station.
Preferably, the sensing base station is accessed to a central control node of a single operator or multiple operators, and the available frequency spectrum information of the operators is obtained through the configuration of the operators;
the sensing base station reads the broadcast message of the existing base station in the area, and acquires the available frequency spectrum information from the broadcast message;
a mobile communication signal feature library is built in the perception base station, and available frequency spectrum information is obtained by monitoring signal features on different frequency spectrums and simultaneously matching the signal features with the signal feature library.
Preferably, the objects for monitoring the transmission signal by the sensing base station include an end user and a base station device.
Preferably, the sensing base station performs wireless signal sensing on the available spectrum information, and the method includes: spectrum energy perception, signal time-frequency characteristic perception, signal space-domain characteristic perception, signal sending object perception, and/or space-time-frequency characteristic perception of different sending signals.
Preferably, the distance distribution statistics or instant information of the terminal user and the base station equipment is obtained through the base station on the available frequency spectrum information and the user emission energy detection;
acquiring load state statistics or instantaneous information on a corresponding frequency spectrum through wireless signal time-frequency characteristics on the available frequency spectrum;
and acquiring the spatial distribution statistics or instantaneous information of the terminal user and the base station equipment through the spatial characteristics of the wireless signals on the available frequency spectrum.
Preferably, the signal perception based on the perception base station needs to acquire the self state information of the perception base station.
Preferably, based on energy information and load information of the terminal user and the base station user, current state information of the terminal user and the base station user, and energy efficiency evaluation, whether to activate or deactivate the carrier is decided;
based on energy information and load of a terminal user and a base station user, user base station distribution information, current state information of the user base station distribution information and energy efficiency evaluation, deciding whether to activate or deactivate a channel on an activated carrier so as to select a proper covering beam;
and deciding the configuration of the transmitting power on the activated carrier and the channel based on the energy information and the load of the terminal user and the base station user, the distribution information of the user base station, the current state information of the user base station and the energy efficiency evaluation.
A base station regulation and control system based on cognitive radio comprises a signal perception module, a signal preprocessing module and a regulation and control module;
the signal perception module is used for carrying out signal perception on each working frequency point which can be used for mobile communication in the region;
the signal preprocessing module is used for extracting and processing information of the wireless signals obtained by signal perception;
and the regulation and control module makes a decision according to the information obtained by the information extraction processing to obtain a specific regulation and control strategy of the base station.
Preferably, based on energy information and load information of the terminal user and the base station user, current state information of the terminal user and the base station user, and energy efficiency evaluation, whether to activate or deactivate the carrier is decided;
based on energy information and load of a terminal user and a base station user, user base station distribution information, current state information of the user base station distribution information and energy efficiency evaluation, deciding whether to activate or deactivate a channel on an activated carrier so as to select a proper covering beam;
and based on the energy information and load of the terminal user and the base station user, the distribution information of the user base station, the current state information of the user base station and the energy efficiency evaluation, determining the transmission power configuration on the activated carrier and the channel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention relates to a base station regulation and control method based on cognitive radio, which carries out signal perception on each working frequency point which can be used for mobile communication in the area; performing information extraction processing on a wireless signal obtained by signal perception; the method comprises the steps of carrying out decision making according to information obtained by information extraction processing to obtain a specific regulation and control strategy of a base station, adding a spectrum sensing function to a micro station in a heterogeneous network on the basis of a current network, sensing and processing signals on a working spectrum through sensing, and carrying out energy-saving strategy decision making, so that network energy consumption reduction and energy efficiency improvement can be realized, and user experience is guaranteed.
Preferably, based on the energy information and load information of the terminal user and the base station user, the current state information of the terminal user and the base station user, and energy efficiency evaluation, whether to activate or deactivate the carrier is decided, so that the maximum energy-saving benefit can be achieved, and meanwhile, the interruption of information interaction is avoided.
Based on energy information and load of a terminal user and a base station user, user base station distribution information, current state information of the user base station distribution information and energy efficiency evaluation, whether to activate or deactivate a channel on an activated carrier is determined so as to select a proper covering beam, response is timely, covering is carried out by the most proper covering beam, and the purpose of energy saving optimization is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a cellular mobile communications network with cognitive base stations in the practice of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an energy saving strategy in the practice of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of spectrum context awareness in an implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a cognitive base station energy conservation policy decision in the practice of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of sensing base station activation mode selection based on user distribution and traffic duty cycle in the practice of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a base station regulation and control method based on cognitive radio, which comprises the following steps:
s1, performing signal perception on each working frequency point which can be used for mobile communication in the region;
the method comprises the steps that the available frequency spectrum information of each working frequency point used for mobile communication in the region is obtained through establishing a sensing base station;
the sensing base station is accessed to a central control node of a single operator or multiple operators, and the available frequency spectrum information of the operators is obtained through the configuration of the operators;
the sensing base station reads the broadcast message of the existing base station in the area, and acquires the available frequency spectrum information from the broadcast message;
a mobile communication signal feature library is built in the perception base station, and available frequency spectrum information is obtained by monitoring signal features on different frequency spectrums and simultaneously matching the signal features with the signal feature library.
Objects for monitoring the transmission signal by the sensing base station include end users, including but not limited to: a mobile terminal and a fixed terminal;
base station equipment including, but not limited to: traditional base stations, base stations of the same type with sensing functions and relay stations.
The method for the sensing base station to sense the wireless signals of the available spectrum information comprises the following steps:
spectrum energy sensing, namely sensing the level on a spectrum, and/or;
sensing the time-frequency characteristics of the signals, namely performing time-frequency domain processing on the sensed signals to obtain the power characteristics of the signals on the time-frequency domain, and/or;
signal space domain feature perception, namely, carrying out space domain processing on a perception signal to obtain the angle features of the signal on the space, and/or;
sensing the signal emitting object, namely performing feature learning on the sensing signal, and identifying the object emitting the signal, and/or;
and space-time-frequency characteristic sensing of different sending signals, namely, sensing based on the space-time-frequency characteristics of the signals and sensing of sending signal objects, and obtaining the space-time-frequency-domain signal characteristics of different objects.
S2, information extraction processing is carried out on the wireless signals obtained through signal perception;
acquiring distance distribution statistics or instantaneous information of terminal users and base station equipment through base stations on available spectrum information and user emission energy detection;
acquiring load state statistics or instantaneous information on a corresponding frequency spectrum through wireless signal time-frequency characteristics on the available frequency spectrum;
and acquiring the spatial distribution statistics or instantaneous information of the terminal user and the base station equipment through the spatial characteristics of the wireless signals on the available frequency spectrum.
Based on the signal perception of the perception base station, the state information of the perception base station is required to be collected;
the perception of the state information of the base station comprises the following steps: whether it is currently active;
whether a carrier is currently active;
the current channel activation state, namely the channel number activation state, covers the beam activation state;
a load state on a currently activated carrier;
user distribution information on currently active carriers.
And S3, making a decision according to the information obtained by the information extraction processing to obtain a specific regulation and control strategy of the base station.
a) Based on energy information and load information of a terminal user and a base station user, current state information of the terminal user and the base station user and energy efficiency evaluation, deciding whether to activate or deactivate a carrier;
b) Based on energy information and load of a terminal user and a base station user, user base station distribution information, current state information of the user base station distribution information and energy efficiency evaluation, deciding whether to activate or deactivate a channel on an activated carrier so as to select a proper covering beam;
c) And deciding the configuration of the transmitting power on the activated carrier and the channel based on the energy information and the load of the terminal user and the base station user, the distribution information of the user base station, the current state information of the user base station and the energy efficiency evaluation.
The method comprises the steps that the wireless spectrum use condition of the surrounding environment is detected through the sensing and processing capacity of a wireless sensing base station on wireless information, and the decision of energy-saving strategy selection is made through sensing and data processing; specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1:
s1 is a method and a process for sensing spectrum information by a sensing base station, and a flow is shown in fig. 2. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) S1.1: firstly, judging whether the current sensing base station is powered on and then performing spectrum sensing for the first time:
A. if yes, entering into S1.1.1: the sensing base station measures each frequency point according to a measuring mode before a terminal user accesses a network in a standard protocol based on a built-in working frequency point list and a wireless access technology supported by each frequency point, and obtains the working state of the frequency point.
The built-in working frequency point list can be realized in the following modes:
a, the sensing base station has an operator, and the operator writes the operation frequency point into the sensing base station;
and b, sensing the frequency points which can be used by the wireless access technology supported by the base station in the region.
The measuring method comprises the following steps: and acquiring the use information of each frequency point based on the reading mode of the broadcast message and the pilot signal in each wireless access technology defined by the standard. The acquiring of the information includes:
a, whether each frequency point is used or not is applicable to GSM/UMTS/LTE/NR;
b, working bandwidth, applicable to LTE/NR;
c, the number of antenna ports is used for LTE/NR;
and d, pilot signal strength is applicable to all wireless access technologies, wherein frequency points (which can be set to-130 dBm) with signal strength lower than a certain threshold can be regarded as unused frequency points.
And marking the frequency points capable of acquiring the related information as used frequency points, acquiring information with finer granularity in S2, and marking the frequency points which do not acquire the related information as unused frequency points.
B. If not, enter S1.1.2: and judging whether a full detection period is entered. The full detection period can be set to a time range of day level or week level or longer, and is used for updating the use state of the network frequency points with large granularity;
if yes, entering into S1.1.1;
b, if not, entering S1.2: and performing information update of the S1.1.1 on the available frequency points recorded in the S1.1.1.
And S2, performing finer-grained information collection on the in-use frequency points monitored in the S1. Collecting information of each frequency point comprises:
1, downlink/uplink channel frequency duty ratio:
taking the following channel frequency duty ratio calculation method as an example:
wherein
T is unit measuring time, can take ms, T is measuring period, can take s
The unit frequency resource is: GSM may be a carrier, UMTS/LTE/NR may be a PRB;
definition of signaled: RSRP > -115dBm;
2, down/up channel time duty ratio:
taking the following channel time duty ratio calculation method as an example:
wherein
The frequency duty ratio comparison value of the downlink channel can be 5%, namely if the average frequency duty ratio in the T measurement period is greater than 5%, the channel in the T period is considered to be occupied:
sum of time when channel frequency duty ratio is greater than a specific value +1 (3)
T 1 May be in the order of minutes.
3, downlink channel RSRP: representing the signal strength from the detected base station to the perception base station;
4, downlink channel measurement: for LTE or NR equipment, multi-path information of a channel and an equivalent channel can be obtained through channel measurement of a downlink pilot channel port;
5, uplink RSRP measurement: the signal strength from the end user accessing the base station to be tested to the sensing base station is characterized, and the SRS or the DMRS can be measured.
S3, the perception base station processes the collected wireless information; the method comprises the following steps:
a, acquiring the busy degree of a corresponding frequency point through an uplink/downlink time/frequency duty ratio; the condition for judging that the corresponding frequency point is busy is as follows:
max (uplink load, downlink load) > high load threshold (4)
The uplink and downlink load calculation methods are the same, and the following uplink load calculation is taken as an example:
a, average value method: period T 1 Internal downlink load = mean (downlink channel frequency duty in T period)Than) (5)
b, alpha filtering: downlink load at time T = (T-1) downlink load: (1- α) + α × T downlink channel frequency duty cycle (6);
b, obtaining the channel information H from the measured base station to the perception base station through the downlink pilot frequency measurement BB ；
Determining whether the terminal users currently served by the base station to be measured have terminal users suitable for sensing the base station service or not by measuring the uplink signal strength, wherein the judgment condition is whether the measured uplink signal strength has a sample larger than a service level threshold or not, the uplink signal strength can be a level value on different frequency units (such as PRB or PBG) or an average level value occupying frequency resources on the full bandwidth, and the measurement period is T;
d, measuring the channel information of the uplink signals on different frequency resources, and clustering the channel information to obtain the user distribution characteristics and the channel characteristics corresponding to different distributions
And S4, selecting a decision method of the energy-saving strategy of the perception base station by the perception base station based on all the used frequency point information and the self state collected in the S2-S3. The specific flow is shown in fig. 4. The method comprises the following steps:
s4.1: firstly, judging whether a frequency point on a used frequency point exceeds a high load threshold, wherein the high load threshold can be set to be 60% of the maximum load of the frequency point;
1, if not, entering S4.2: judging whether the load on the available carrier of the sensing base station is lower than an activation threshold (set to be 30% of the maximum load of the carrier), wherein the available carrier of the sensing base station is a frequency point with received power RSRP < -130dBm in an available frequency point list defined in S1;
a, if not, enter S4.2.1: the cognitive base station enters an energy saving mode, which may be in the following order:
a, if the carrier with the lowest load is deactivated, the process is S4.2.2;
b, if only a single carrier is left and the number of the activated channels is greater than the lowest channel threshold (set to be 4), deactivating partial channels (reducing to 1/2 of the original number or deactivating partial channels according to the distribution of service users);
c, if only a single carrier is left, the number of the activated channels is the lowest channel threshold, and the transmitting power is higher than the lowest transmitting power (set to be 30 dBm), performing power reduction operation by step =3 dBm;
d, if only a single carrier is left, the number of the activated channels is the lowest channel threshold, and the transmission power reaches the lowest transmission power, entering S4.3.1.1: the current state is maintained.
B, if yes, entering S4.2.2: the perception base station starts the sleep mode: if the connected state user exists, triggering the switching of the connected state user, otherwise, starting the deactivation;
2, if yes, entering S4.3: judging whether the load state of the carrier available to the sensing base station is lower than a high load threshold (which can be set to be 60% of the maximum load of the carrier);
a, if not, enter S4.3.1: judging whether the current sensing base station is fully activated;
and a, if yes, entering S4.3.1.1: maintaining the current state;
b, if not, entering S4.4;
and B, if yes, entering S4.4: judging whether the frequency points with high load have absorbable user distribution or not through uplink level and user distribution processing (S3);
a, if not, S4.3.1.1: maintaining the current state;
and b, if so, entering S4.5, and selecting a more sufficient activation mode based on the perceptually absorbable user distributed service duty ratio.
And selecting a corresponding sample according to the channel and level characteristics of the service duty ratio, and calculating according to the mode in S2. Based on the duty ratio of the corresponding user distribution, an activation mode attempt is performed according to the flow shown in fig. 5:
s4.5.1: finding an available carrier with the lowest perceived base station load;
s4.5.2: judging whether the carrier is fully activated or not, wherein the conditions for judging the full activation are as follows: the transmitting power is adjusted to be maximum, and transmitting channels are all activated;
a, if so, S4.5.2.1: deleting from the candidate carrier list;
b, if not: decision S4.5.3: whether the transmit power on this carrier has reached a maximum value (which may be set to 39 dBm);
a, if not, S4.5.3.1: the transmitting power is adjusted up by 1 step;
b, if yes, doubling the number of the activated transmitting channels on the carrier;
s4.6: judging whether the perception base station is activated;
if activated, proceed to S4.6.2: activating the sensing base station and sending broadcast messages based on the selected strategy;
if not, enter S4.6.1: and updating the system message based on the selected strategy and sending the system message.
According to the invention, on the basis of the current network, a spectrum sensing function is added to the micro station in the heterogeneous network, and the sensing base station senses and processes signals on the working spectrum, so that energy-saving strategy decisions are carried out, such as operations of activating and activating partial channels, deactivating and deactivating partial channels, and the like, thereby realizing network energy consumption reduction and energy efficiency improvement and simultaneously ensuring user experience.
Claims (10)
1. A base station regulation method based on cognitive radio is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, performing signal perception on each working frequency point which can be used for mobile communication in the region;
s2, information extraction processing is carried out on the wireless signals obtained through signal perception;
and S3, making a decision according to the information obtained by the information extraction processing to obtain a specific regulation and control strategy of the base station.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the available spectrum information of each operating frequency point used for mobile communication in the local area is obtained by establishing a cognitive base station.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the cognitive base station is accessed to a central control node of a single operator or multiple operators, and the information of the available spectrum of the operators is obtained by the configuration of the operators;
the sensing base station reads the broadcast message of the existing base station in the area, and acquires the available frequency spectrum information from the broadcast message;
a mobile communication signal feature library is built in the sensing base station, and available spectrum information is obtained by monitoring signal features on different spectrums and matching the signal features with the signal feature library.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the objects monitored by the cognitive base station include end users and base station devices.
5. The base station regulation method based on cognitive radio as claimed in claim 2, wherein the cognitive base station performs wireless signal awareness on available spectrum information, comprising: spectrum energy sensing, signal time frequency characteristic sensing, signal space domain characteristic sensing, signal sending object sensing, and/or space-time frequency characteristic sensing of different sending signals.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the distance distribution statistics or instantaneous information between the end user and the base station device is obtained by the base station on the available spectrum information and the user transmission energy detection;
acquiring load state statistics or instantaneous information on a corresponding frequency spectrum through wireless signal time-frequency characteristics on the available frequency spectrum;
and acquiring the spatial distribution statistics or instantaneous information of the terminal user and the base station equipment through the spatial characteristics of the wireless signals on the available frequency spectrum.
7. The base station regulation method based on cognitive radio as claimed in claim 2, wherein the signal perception based on the cognitive base station requires to collect the self status information of the cognitive base station.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the decision on whether to activate or deactivate carriers is based on energy information and load information of end users and base station users, current state information of the base station users, and energy efficiency evaluation;
based on energy information and load of a terminal user and a base station user, user base station distribution information, current state information of the user base station distribution information and energy efficiency evaluation, deciding whether to activate or deactivate a channel on an activated carrier so as to select a proper covering beam;
and based on the energy information and load of the terminal user and the base station user, the distribution information of the user base station, the current state information of the user base station and the energy efficiency evaluation, determining the transmission power configuration on the activated carrier and the channel.
9. A base station regulation and control system based on cognitive radio is characterized by comprising a signal perception module, a signal preprocessing module and a regulation and control module;
the signal perception module is used for carrying out signal perception on each working frequency point which can be used for mobile communication in the region;
the signal preprocessing module is used for extracting and processing information of the wireless signals obtained by signal perception;
and the regulation and control module makes a decision according to the information obtained by the information extraction processing to obtain a specific regulation and control strategy of the base station.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the decision to activate or deactivate the carrier is based on energy information and load information of the end user and the base station user, current state information of the base station user, and energy efficiency evaluation;
based on energy information and load of a terminal user and a base station user, user base station distribution information, current state information of the user base station distribution information and energy efficiency evaluation, deciding whether to activate or deactivate a channel on an activated carrier so as to select a proper covering beam;
and deciding the configuration of the transmitting power on the activated carrier and the channel based on the energy information and the load of the terminal user and the base station user, the distribution information of the user base station, the current state information of the user base station and the energy efficiency evaluation.
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| CN117528743A (en) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-02-06 | 深圳市佳贤通信科技股份有限公司 | ORAN architecture-based energy-saving system and method for 4G extension type small base station |
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| CN117528743A (en) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-02-06 | 深圳市佳贤通信科技股份有限公司 | ORAN architecture-based energy-saving system and method for 4G extension type small base station |
| CN117528743B (en) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-03-22 | 深圳市佳贤通信科技股份有限公司 | ORAN architecture-based energy-saving system and method for 4G extension type small base station |
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