CN115638018A - Rapid cross-cut coal uncovering system and method based on physical fluidization simultaneous mining of coal and gas - Google Patents
Rapid cross-cut coal uncovering system and method based on physical fluidization simultaneous mining of coal and gas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock cross-cut rapid coal uncovering system and a method based on coal and gas physical fluidization simultaneous mining, wherein the rock cross-cut rapid coal uncovering system comprises a jet flow coal breaking unit, an orifice sealing unit and a water-coal separation unit; the method for quickly uncovering the coal in the rock cross-cut comprises the steps of cross-layer drilling construction, fluidized gas coal simultaneous mining, grouting filling and the like. The invention uses a high-pressure sealing drill rod and an injection device to form high-pressure water jet in the cross-cut drill hole, cuts and breaks the coal body at the rock cross coal uncovering position in situ, and extracts all coal and gas near the rock cross through designing the fluidized coal mining drill holes arrayed around the contour line of the roadway at the rock cross coal uncovering position, thereby quickly releasing the gas pressure of the outburst coal seam and reducing the outburst occurrence probability of the coal and gas during the rock cross coal uncovering. The invention can realize safe and rapid cross-cut coal uncovering, greatly shortens the cross-cut coal uncovering period, ensures the overall production progress of coal mining, and is particularly suitable for cross-cut coal uncovering of high gas mines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cross cut coal uncovering system and method in a coal mine, in particular to a cross cut rapid coal uncovering system and method based on coal and gas physical fluidization simultaneous mining and suitable for a high-gas outburst mine, and belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety.
Background
In the technical field of coal mining, a rock gate is not a door in the true sense, and refers to a rock drift excavated in a rock stratum, which is not directly communicated with the ground and is perpendicular or oblique to the trend of a coal bed, and the rock drift is mainly a cross-layer roadway for communicating multiple layers of coal. Since the driving extending direction of the rock cross can penetrate through the coal bed, the process of uncovering the coal bed when meeting the coal bed in the rock cross driving process is called rock cross coal uncovering.
Coal and gas outburst is a phenomenon of special gas emission, namely a phenomenon that broken coal and gas are suddenly sprayed to a mining space in large quantity from the inside of a coal body under the action of pressure, has great destructiveness and is one of main disasters threatening the safety production of coal mines. When the coal seam is uncovered through the rock cross, the outburst risk of coal and gas is high, according to statistics, more than 80% of oversize outbursts occur in the rock cross coal uncovering process, the average outburst strength is more than 6 times of the outburst strength of other various roadways, and the outburst prevention and control of the rock cross coal uncovering is more difficult than that of other types of outburst prevention and control.
The national coal mine safety supervision agency has regulations in the coal and gas outburst prevention and control rules published in 2019, 8 months: the outburst prevention work must adhere to the principle that regional comprehensive outburst prevention measures are supplemented in advance and local comprehensive outburst prevention measures are supplemented, and the requirements of 'one mine and one strategy' are met, so that the purposes of 'building after pumping, digging after pumping, mining after pumping and pre-pumping to reach the standard' are achieved. "; the drilling of the outburst prevention measure of the coal bed gas area in the cross-cut drilling pre-pumping well roadway coal uncovering area is implemented before the minimum normal distance of the coal uncovering working face to the coal bed is 7m, and the cross-cut drilling is used for controlling the coal bed in at least the following range: the minimum distance from the outer edge of the control range to the contour line of the roadway (including the contour line of the roadway of the expected front coal uncovering section) is not less than 5m, and the minimum distance is 12m (6 m at the bottom or lower side of a steeply inclined coal seam) outside the contour line of the roadway at the coal uncovering positions of a rock gate, a vertical shaft and an inclined shaft. Therefore, in the existing rock cross-cut coal uncovering method, gas extraction is generally carried out on a coal seam, and tunneling and uncovering are carried out after the gas pre-extraction reaches the standard. In order to improve the gas extraction effect, measures such as hydraulic punching, loosening blasting, hydraulic slotting and the like are usually adopted to relieve pressure and increase the permeability of the coal uncovering part. Although the traditional rock cross-cut coal uncovering method achieves certain effect, the method has great limitations: on one hand, measures such as hydraulic punching, loosening blasting, hydraulic slotting and the like can damage the integrity of the coal body, so that the mining stress field of the coal uncovering area is changed, the strength of the coal body is reduced, and the coal and gas outburst risk still exists; on the other hand, even if pressure relief and permeability improvement measures are implemented, the time for gas extraction is still very long, especially for high-gas outburst mines, the time for gas extraction is even as long as more than one year, for example, in a certain coal mine in the southwest of China, the gas extraction operation of 114 rock cross-cut coal uncovering 18# coal is as long as 2 years, and the whole production progress of coal mining is seriously influenced and restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a rock cross-cut rapid coal uncovering system and method based on coal and gas physical fluidization simultaneous mining, which can realize synchronous safe mining of a coal bed at the coal uncovering position on the premise of shortening the time required for gas mining, further realize safe and rapid rock cross-cut coal uncovering, ensure the overall production progress of coal mining, and are particularly suitable for rock cross-cut coal uncovering of a high-gas outburst mine.
In order to achieve the purpose, the rock cross-cut rapid coal uncovering system based on coal and gas physical fluidization simultaneous mining comprises a fluidized gas coal simultaneous mining part, wherein the fluidized gas coal simultaneous mining part comprises a jet coal breaking unit, an orifice sealing unit and a water-coal separating unit;
the jet coal breaking unit comprises a coal breaking drill bit, an injection device, a high-pressure sealing drill rod, a high-pressure water tail, a drilling machine and a high-pressure water pump; the high-pressure sealing drill rod is of a multi-section cylinder structure which is hermetically installed and connected and has the same outer diameter, a hollow water passing structure is arranged in the high-pressure sealing drill rod, the foremost end is hermetically installed and connected with the injection device, and the rearmost end is hermetically installed and connected with the high-pressure water tail; the front end of the injection device is provided with a coal breaking drill bit; the high-pressure water output end of the high-pressure water pump can be hermetically installed and connected with the high-pressure water tail through a pipeline; the drilling machine is in transmission connection with the high-pressure sealing drill rod;
the orifice sealing unit comprises a front sealing sleeve, a sealing unit main body and a rear sealing sleeve which are coaxially butted and hermetically installed from front to back in sequence, a high-pressure sealing drill rod can penetrate through the orifice sealing unit along the front-back axial direction of the orifice sealing unit, a coal water outflow channel is formed between the outer surface of the high-pressure sealing drill rod and the inner surface of the front sealing sleeve, a supporting sealing ring which is in sealing fit with the outer diameter of the high-pressure sealing drill rod is coaxially and fixedly arranged in the rear sealing sleeve, the sealing unit main body is of a container structure with a large-volume inner cavity, a gas outlet communicated with the inner cavity of the sealing unit main body is formed in the top end of the sealing unit main body, the gas outlet can be hermetically communicated and installed with the mine gas drainage pipe through a pipeline, a water-coal outlet communicated with the inner cavity of the sealing unit main body is formed in the bottom end of the sealing unit main body, and the water-coal outlet can be connected with the water-coal separating unit through a pipeline;
the water-coal separation unit comprises a vibrating dewatering screen, a scraper conveyor and a sedimentation tank; the pipeline outlet connected with the water coal discharge port is arranged above the material input end of the vibrating dewatering screen, the material output end of the vibrating dewatering screen is arranged above the material input end of the scraper conveyor, and the pipeline outlet connected with the dehydration output end of the vibrating dewatering screen is arranged above the sedimentation tank.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, the injection device is provided with 1-8 jet flow spray heads, the included angle between the injection direction of the jet flow spray heads and the axial direction of the injection device is 45-90 degrees, a plurality of jet flow spray heads are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the injection device, and/or a plurality of jet flow spray heads are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the injection device.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, the sedimentation tank can be designed into a multi-stage sedimentation structure, and the final stage sedimentation tank is connected with the high-pressure water pump through a pipeline.
As a further development of the invention, the supporting sealing rings are arranged in at least two groups in the axial direction of the rear sealing sleeve.
A rapid cross-cut coal uncovering method of a rapid cross-cut coal uncovering system based on physical fluidization simultaneous mining of coal and gas comprises the specific steps of cross-layer drilling construction, fluidized gas-coal simultaneous mining and grouting filling;
the construction steps of the layer-crossing drilling are as follows: installing a drilling machine at a position 7-10 m away from a coal seam on a stone gate tunneling working face, installing a coal breaking drill bit at the front end of a high-pressure sealing drill rod, installing a high-pressure water tail at the rear end of the high-pressure sealing drill rod, connecting a high-pressure water pump through a pipeline, driving the coal breaking drill bit to drill to a position 0.5-3 m away from a coal seam bottom plate by using the drilling machine, stopping drilling, withdrawing the high-pressure sealing drill rod and the coal breaking drill bit, replacing the coal breaking drill bit with a reaming drill bit, reaming the position of an orifice of a drilled hole, wherein the reaming depth is 2-4 m, and the reaming inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of a front sealing sleeve; a front sealing sleeve is put into the hole-expanding position, grouting is carried out in an annular space between the drill hole and the front sealing sleeve to fix the front sealing sleeve, then a sealing unit main body and a rear sealing sleeve are coaxially and fixedly installed on the front sealing sleeve, a gas discharge port is hermetically communicated and installed with a mine gas drainage pipe through a pipeline, and a water-coal discharge port is connected with a water-coal separation unit through a pipeline; replacing the reaming bit with a coal breaking bit, and enabling the high-pressure sealing drill rod and the coal breaking bit to penetrate through the orifice sealing unit, driving the high-pressure sealing drill rod and the coal breaking bit to continuously drill forwards from a position 0.5-3 m away from the bottom plate of the coal seam by using a drilling machine, stopping drilling until the position penetrates through the top plate of the coal seam and is 0.5-1 m away from the top plate of the coal seam, and removing the high-pressure sealing drill rod and the coal breaking bit;
the fluidized gas coal simultaneous mining method comprises the following steps: the front end of the high-pressure sealing drill rod is sequentially provided with an injection device and a coal breaking drill bit, the high-pressure sealing drill rod, the injection device and the coal breaking drill bit penetrate through the orifice sealing unit, the coal breaking drill bit and the injection device extend into the bottom of the hole, the high-pressure water pump is started, the high-pressure sealing drill rod is controlled by the drilling machine to rotate at a proper rotating speed for hydraulic coal breaking, the broken coal flows through an annular space between the drill hole and the high-pressure sealing drill rod along with water and flows back to an inner cavity of the sealing unit main body, and enters the water-coal separation unit through a water-coal outlet, and gas released by the broken coal flows into the inner cavity of the sealing unit main body through the annular space between the drill hole and the high-pressure sealing drill rod and enters the mine gas drainage pipe through the gas outlet; after the coal mining around the drill hole is finished, removing the high-pressure sealing drill rod, the injection device and the coal breaking drill bit, removing the sealing unit main body and the rear sealing sleeve, and then hermetically communicating and installing the front sealing sleeve with the mine gas pumping and exhausting pipe through a pipeline to perform continuous gas pumping and exhausting; then carrying out the layer-crossing drilling construction of the next designed drilling hole and the fluidized gas-coal simultaneous mining operation;
the grouting filling steps are as follows: after the fluidized gas coal simultaneous mining operation of the last designed drill hole is finished, removing a pipeline between the front sealing sleeve and the mine gas drainage pipe, plugging each drill hole, and grouting and filling the whole coal mining cave through the uppermost front sealing sleeve; after the filling slurry is fully solidified, the tunneling operation can be carried out.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, the construction step of cross-layer drilling and the step of fluidized gas coal simultaneous mining are repeated, and a plurality of cross-layer drilling holes are utilized to mine coal and gas within the range of 12-15 m around the contour line of the roadway at the rock cross-cut coal uncovering position.
As a further improvement of the invention, the drill holes are arrayed around the contour line of the roadway at the rock cross-cut coal uncovering position, and the center distance between the drill holes is matched with the effective hydraulic coal breaking range of the jet device.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, a step-back coal mining mode is adopted in the coal mining mode in the fluidized gas coal simultaneous mining step: controlling the high-pressure sealing drill rod to move back and forth within the range of 1-2 m until the coal output of a drill hole is greatly reduced and all the coal within the range of 1-2 m in the front-back direction is crushed and extracted, then controlling the high-pressure sealing drill rod to retreat backwards for 1-2 m, continuously and circularly repeating the steps to crush and extract all the coal within the range of 2-4 m in the front-back direction, and repeating the steps in the same way until all the coal around the drill hole is extracted by approaching the position of a coal bed bottom plate.
Compared with the prior art, when the cross cut coal uncovering system and the cross cut coal uncovering method based on coal and gas physical fluidization simultaneous mining are adopted for cross cut coal uncovering, coal and gas near a cross cut can be completely and quickly mined, the gas pressure and the gas content of a coal bed are quickly reduced, the regional outburst prevention measure of cross cut coal uncovering is completed in a short time, and the construction period of cross cut coal uncovering is greatly shortened; moreover, the extracted coal and gas can be efficiently separated, and the resource recycling is realized; in addition, the roadway is tunneled in a coal-free filling body, so that the intrinsic safety of cross-cut coal uncovering is ensured. The method has the advantages of simple equipment, simple and convenient operation and reliable control, realizes safe and rapid cross-cut coal uncovering operation of the high gas mine, ensures the overall production progress of coal mining, and has obvious economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the present invention in the simultaneous production of fluidized gas and coal;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the apparatus of the present invention located in a rock gate roadway;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the high-pressure seal drill rod and the orifice sealing unit when fluidized gas coal simultaneous mining is carried out according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the spraying device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a layout diagram of the design of the drill holes for mining in the range of 12-15 m around the contour line of the roadway at the rock cross-cut coal uncovering position.
In the figure: 1. a jet coal breaking unit; 1-1, breaking coal drill bit; 1-2, a spraying device; 1-2-1, a jet spray head; 1-3, sealing the drill rod under high pressure; 1-4, high-pressure water tail; 1-5, a drilling machine; 1-6, high-pressure water pump; 2. an orifice sealing unit; 2-1, front sealing sleeve; 2-2, sealing the unit body; 2-2-1, a gas outlet; 2-2-2, a water coal discharge port; 2-3, sealing the sleeve pipe afterwards; 2-3-1, supporting the sealing ring; 3. a water-coal separation unit; 3-1, vibrating a dewatering screen; 3-2, a scraper conveyor; 3-3, a sedimentation tank; 4. mine gas drainage pipes.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings (the direction of drilling of the high pressure sealed drill rods 1-3 is described in the following text).
A kind of rock cross-cut based on coal and gas physical fluidization are exploited together and opened the coal system fast, including the gas coal of fluidization is exploited together the part, the gas coal of fluidization is exploited together the part and includes the jet flow breaks the coal unit 1, the sealing unit of the hole mouth 2, water coal separation unit 3;
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the jet coal breaking unit 1 comprises a coal breaking drill bit 1-1, an injection device 1-2, a high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3, a high-pressure water tail 1-4, a drilling machine 1-5 and a high-pressure water pump 1-6; the high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3 is a multi-section hermetically-installed cylindrical connecting structure with the same outer diameter, a hollow water passing structure is arranged inside the high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3, the foremost end is hermetically installed and connected with the injection device 1-2, and the rearmost end is hermetically installed and connected with the high-pressure water tail 1-4; the front end of the injection device 1-2 is provided with a coal breaking drill bit 1-1; the high-pressure water output end of the high-pressure water pump 1-6 can be hermetically installed and connected with the high-pressure water tail 1-4 through a pipeline; the drilling machine 1-5 is in transmission connection with the high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3;
as shown in fig. 3, the orifice sealing unit 2 comprises a front sealing sleeve 2-1, a sealing unit main body 2-2 and a rear sealing sleeve 2-3 which are coaxially butted and hermetically mounted in sequence from front to back, a high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3 can penetrate through the orifice sealing unit 2 along the front-back axial direction of the gas co-extraction device 2, a coal water outflow channel is formed between the outer surface of the high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3 and the inner surface of the front sealing sleeve 2-1, a supporting sealing ring 2-3-1 which is in sealing fit with the outer diameter of the high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3 is coaxially and fixedly arranged in the rear sealing sleeve 2-3, the sealing unit main body 2-2 is a container structure with a large-volume inner cavity, a gas outlet 2-2-1 communicated with the inner cavity is arranged at the top end of the sealing unit main body 2-2, the gas outlet 2-2-1 can be hermetically communicated and mounted with a mine gas drainage pipe outlet 4 through a pipeline, and water-coal 2-2 communicated with the inner cavity is arranged at the bottom end of the sealing unit main body 2-2, and the water-2 can be connected with a water-coal separation unit through a pipeline;
the water-coal separation unit 3 comprises a vibrating dewatering screen 3-1, a scraper conveyor 3-2 and a sedimentation tank 3-3; the pipeline outlet connected with the water coal outlet 2-2-2 is arranged above the material input end of the vibrating dewatering screen 3-1, the material output end of the vibrating dewatering screen 3-1 is arranged above the material input end of the scraper conveyor 3-2, and the pipeline outlet connected with the dewatering output end of the vibrating dewatering screen 3-1 is arranged above the sedimentation tank 3-3. In order to realize the reutilization of water resources, the sedimentation tanks 3-3 can be designed into a multi-stage sedimentation structure, and the final stage sedimentation tank is connected with the high-pressure water pumps 1-6 through pipelines to realize the reutilization of water resources.
The method for quickly uncovering the coal in the stone gate comprises the following steps:
the construction steps of the layer-crossing drilling are as follows: installing a drilling machine 1-5 at a position 7-10 m away from a coal seam on a rock gate tunneling working face, installing a coal breaking drill bit 1-1 at the front end of a high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3, installing a high-pressure water tail 1-4 at the rear end of the high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3, and connecting the high-pressure water tail 1-6 with a high-pressure water pump through a pipeline; the coal breaking drill bit 1-1 is driven by the drilling machine 1-5 to drill to a position 0.5-3 m away from the coal seam floor (the coal seam floor is the layer surface of the coal seam close to the rock gate); withdrawing the high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3 and the coal breaking drill bit 1-1, replacing the coal breaking drill bit 1-1 with a reaming drill bit, and reaming the orifice position of the drilled hole, wherein the reaming depth is 2-4 m, and the reaming inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the front sealing sleeve 2-1; the method comprises the following steps of putting a front sealing sleeve 2-1 at a hole expanding position, grouting in an annular space between a drill hole and the front sealing sleeve 2-1 to fix the front sealing sleeve 2-1, coaxially and fixedly installing a sealing unit main body 2-2 and a rear sealing sleeve 2-3 on the front sealing sleeve 2-1, hermetically communicating and installing a gas outlet 2-2-1 with a mine gas pumping and discharging pipe 4 through a pipeline, and installing and connecting a water and coal outlet 2-2-2 with a water and coal separating unit 3 through a pipeline; and (3) replacing the reaming drill bit with a coal breaking drill bit 1-1, and after the high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3 and the coal breaking drill bit 1-1 penetrate through the orifice sealing unit 2, driving the high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3 and the coal breaking drill bit 1-1 to continuously drill forwards at a position 0.5-3 m away from the coal seam bottom plate by using a drilling machine 1-5, stopping drilling until the position penetrates through the coal seam top plate 0.5-1 m away from the rock gate (the coal seam top plate is the layer surface of the coal seam far away from the rock gate), and withdrawing the high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3 and the coal breaking drill bit 1-1 to finish the cross-layer drilling.
The fluidized gas coal simultaneous mining method comprises the following steps: the front end of the high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3 is sequentially provided with an injection device 1-2 and a coal breaking drill bit 1-1, the high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3, the injection device 1-2 and the coal breaking drill bit 1-1 penetrate through the orifice sealing unit 2, and the coal breaking drill bit 1-1 and the injection device 1-2 extend to the bottom of the hole; starting a high-pressure water pump 1-6, controlling a high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3 to rotate at a proper rotating speed through a drilling machine 1-5, enabling high-pressure water to be sprayed out from a spraying device 1-2 through the high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3 to impact and break coal bodies in drill holes, enabling the broken coal bodies to flow through an annulus between the drill holes and the high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3 along with water and flow back to an inner cavity of a sealing unit main body 2-2 and enter a water-coal separation unit through a water-coal outlet 2-2 to be subjected to subsequent treatment, and enabling gas released by the broken coal bodies to flow to the inner cavity of the sealing unit main body 2-2 through the annulus between the drill holes and the high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3 under the extraction negative pressure effect in a mine gas extraction pipe 4 and enter the mine gas extraction pipe 4 through the gas outlet 2-2-1 to realize the same extraction of coal and gas; the coal mining mode can adopt a stepping backspacing coal mining mode, namely, a high-pressure sealing drill rod 1-3 is controlled to move back and forth within the range of 1-2 m until the coal output of a drill hole is greatly reduced, finally, coal within the range of 1-2 m in the front-back direction is completely crushed and extracted, then the high-pressure sealing drill rod 103 is controlled to backspace for 1-2 m, the steps are continuously and circularly repeated, finally, all the coal within the range of 2-4 m in the front-back direction is crushed and extracted, and the steps are analogized in turn, and the backspace-coal breaking-backspace-coal breaking circularly work is carried out until the position of a coal bed bottom plate is close to the position of the coal bed bottom plate, so that all the coal around the drill hole is extracted.
The grouting filling steps are as follows: after the fluidized gas coal simultaneous mining operation of the last designed drill hole is finished, removing a pipeline between the front sealing sleeve 2-1 and the mine gas drainage pipe 4, plugging each drill hole, and grouting and filling the whole coal mining cave through the uppermost front sealing sleeve 2-1; and after the filling slurry is fully cured, performing roadway tunneling operation.
In order to mine all the coal and gas in the safe range of the contour line of the roadway at the rock cross-cut coal uncovering position, as a further improvement scheme of the invention, as shown in figure 5, according to a drilling design layout, the construction step of cross-layer drilling and the step of fluidized gas coal mining are repeated, and the coal and gas in the range of 12-15 m around the contour line of the roadway at the rock cross-cut coal uncovering position are mined.
In order to fully exploit the coal bodies within the range of 12-15 m around the roadway contour line at the rock cross-cut coal uncovering position, as a further improvement scheme of the invention, as shown in fig. 5, a plurality of coal mining drill holes are required to be used, the drill holes are arrayed around the roadway contour line at the rock cross-cut coal uncovering position, and the center distance between the drill holes is matched with the effective hydraulic coal breaking range of the injection device 1-2.
In order to achieve a better hydraulic cutting effect, as a further improvement scheme of the invention, as shown in fig. 4, the jet device 1-2 is provided with 1-8 jet nozzles 1-2-1, an included angle between the jet direction of the jet nozzle 1-2-1 and the axial direction of the jet device 1-2 is 45-90 degrees, a plurality of jet nozzles 1-2-1 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the jet device 1-2, and/or a plurality of jet nozzles 1-2-1 are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the jet device 1-2.
When the rapid cross-cut coal uncovering system based on coal and gas physical fluidization simultaneous mining is adopted for cross-cut coal uncovering, coal and gas near a cross-cut can be completely and rapidly mined, the gas pressure and the gas content of a coal layer are rapidly reduced, the regional outburst prevention measure of cross-cut coal uncovering is completed in a short time, and the construction period of cross-cut coal uncovering is greatly shortened; moreover, the extracted coal and gas can be efficiently separated, and the resource recycling is realized; in addition, the roadway is tunneled in a coal-free filling body, so that the intrinsic safety of rock cross-cut coal uncovering is guaranteed. The method has the advantages of simple equipment, simplicity and convenience in operation and reliability in control, realizes safe and rapid rock cross-cut coal uncovering operation of the high-gas mine, ensures the overall production progress of coal mining, and has remarkable economic benefit.
Claims (8)
1. A cross-cut rapid coal uncovering system based on coal and gas physical fluidization simultaneous mining is characterized by comprising a fluidization gas coal simultaneous mining part, wherein the fluidization gas coal simultaneous mining part comprises a jet flow coal breaking unit (1), an orifice sealing unit (2) and a water-coal separation unit (3);
the jet coal breaking unit (1) comprises a coal breaking drill bit (1-1), an injection device (1-2), a high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3), a high-pressure water tail (1-4), a drilling machine (1-5) and a high-pressure water pump (1-6); the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3) is of a multi-section cylinder structure which is installed and connected in a sealing mode and has the same outer diameter, a hollow water passing channel is arranged inside the high-pressure sealing drill rod, the foremost end of the high-pressure sealing drill rod is installed and connected with the injection device (1-2) in a sealing mode, and the rearmost end of the high-pressure sealing drill rod is installed and connected with the high-pressure water tail (1-4) in a sealing mode; the front end of the injection device (1-2) is provided with a coal breaking drill bit (1-1); the high-pressure water output end of the high-pressure water pump (1-6) is hermetically installed and connected with the high-pressure water tail (1-4) through a pipeline; the drilling machine (1-5) is in transmission connection with the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3);
the orifice sealing unit (2) comprises a front sealing sleeve (2-1), a sealing unit main body (2-2) and a rear sealing sleeve (2-3) which are coaxially butted and hermetically mounted in sequence from front to back; the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3) can penetrate through the orifice sealing unit (2) along the axial direction of the orifice sealing unit (2), and a coal water outflow channel is formed between the outer surface of the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3) and the inner surface of the front sealing sleeve (2-1); a supporting sealing ring (2-3-1) which is in sealing fit with the outer diameter of the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3) is coaxially and fixedly arranged in the rear sealing sleeve (2-3); the sealing unit main body (2-2) is of a container structure with a large-volume inner cavity, a gas discharge port (2-2-1) communicated with the inner cavity of the sealing unit main body (2-2) is arranged at the top end of the sealing unit main body (2-2), the gas discharge port (2-2-1) can be hermetically communicated with a mine gas drainage pipe (4) through a pipeline, a water coal discharge port (2-2-2) communicated with the inner cavity of the sealing unit main body (2-2) is arranged at the bottom end of the sealing unit main body (2-2), and the water coal discharge port (2-2-2) is connected with the water coal separation unit (3) through a pipeline;
the water-coal separation unit (3) comprises a vibrating dewatering screen (3-1), a scraper conveyor (3-2) and a sedimentation tank (3-3); the pipeline outlet connected with the water coal discharge port (2-2-2) is arranged above the material input end of the vibrating dewatering screen (3-1), the material output end of the vibrating dewatering screen (3-1) is arranged above the material input end of the scraper conveyor (3-2), and the pipeline outlet connected with the dehydration output end of the vibrating dewatering screen (3-1) is arranged above the sedimentation tank (3-3).
2. The rock cross-cut rapid coal uncovering system based on coal and gas physical fluidization simultaneous mining according to claim 1, characterized in that the injection device (1-2) is provided with 1-8 jet flow nozzles (1-2-1), the injection direction of the jet flow nozzles (1-2-1) and the axial included angle of the injection device (1-2) is 45-90 degrees, a plurality of jet flow nozzles (1-2-1) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the injection device (1-2), and/or a plurality of jet flow nozzles (1-2-1) are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the injection device (1-2).
3. The rock cross-cut rapid coal uncovering system based on coal and gas physical fluidization simultaneous mining according to claim 1, characterized in that the sedimentation tank (3-3) is of a multi-stage sedimentation structure, and the last stage sedimentation tank is connected with the high-pressure water pump (1-6) through a pipeline.
4. The coal and gas physical fluidization co-mining-based rock cross-cut rapid coal uncovering system according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting seal rings (2-3-1) are arranged in at least two groups along the axial direction of the rear seal sleeve (2-3).
5. The rapid coal uncovering method for the cross cut based on the physical fluidization simultaneous mining of coal and gas based on the rapid coal uncovering system for the cross cut based on the physical fluidization simultaneous mining of coal and gas according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of cross-layer drilling construction, fluidized gas-coal simultaneous mining and grouting filling;
the construction steps of the layer-crossing drilling are as follows: installing a drilling machine (1-5) at a position 7-10 m away from a coal seam on a stone gate tunneling working face, installing a coal breaking drill bit (1-1) at the front end of a high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3), installing a high-pressure water tail (1-4) at the rear end of the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3), and connecting a high-pressure water pump (1-6) through a pipeline; driving a coal breaking drill bit (1-1) to drill to a position 0.5-3 m away from a coal seam floor by using a drilling machine (1-5) and stopping drilling, withdrawing a high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3) and the coal breaking drill bit (1-1), replacing the coal breaking drill bit (1-1) with a reaming drill bit, and reaming the orifice position of a drilled hole, wherein the reaming depth is 2-4 m, and the reaming inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of a front sealing sleeve (2-1); the method comprises the steps that a front sealing sleeve (2-1) is put into a hole expanding position, grouting is conducted in an annular space between a drill hole and the front sealing sleeve (2-1) to fix the front sealing sleeve (2-1), then a sealing unit main body (2-2) and a rear sealing sleeve (2-3) are coaxially and fixedly installed on the front sealing sleeve (2-1), a gas outlet (2-2-1) is hermetically communicated with a mine gas drainage pipe (4) through a pipeline, and a water-coal outlet (2-2-2) is connected with a water-coal separation unit (3) through a pipeline; replacing the hole expanding drill bit with a coal breaking drill bit (1-1), enabling the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3) and the coal breaking drill bit (1-1) to penetrate through the orifice sealing unit (2), driving the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3) and the coal breaking drill bit (1-1) to continuously drill forwards from a position 0.5-3 m away from the coal seam bottom plate by using a drilling machine (1-5), stopping drilling until the position penetrates through the coal seam top plate from 0.5-1 m, and withdrawing the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3) and the coal breaking drill bit (1-1);
the fluidized gas coal simultaneous mining method comprises the following steps: the front end of the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3) is sequentially provided with an injection device (1-2) and a coal breaking drill bit (1-1), and the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3), the injection device (1-2) and the coal breaking drill bit (1-1) penetrate through the orifice sealing unit (2), so that the coal breaking drill bit (1-1) and the injection device (1-2) extend to the bottom of the hole; starting a high-pressure water pump (1-6), controlling a high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3) to rotate at a proper rotating speed through a drilling machine (1-5) to carry out hydraulic coal breaking, enabling broken coal to flow through an annulus between a drill hole and the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3) along with water and flow back to an inner cavity of a sealing unit main body (2-2), enabling the broken coal to enter a water-coal separation unit (3) through a water-coal discharge port (2-2-2), and enabling gas released by the broken coal to flow into the inner cavity of the sealing unit main body (2-2) through the annulus between the drill hole and the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3) and enter a mine gas pumping and discharging pipe (4) through the gas discharge port (2-2-1); after the coal around the drill hole is mined, withdrawing the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3), the injection device (1-2) and the coal breaking drill bit (1-1), removing the sealing unit main body (2-2) and the rear sealing sleeve (2-3), and then hermetically communicating and installing the front sealing sleeve (2-1) with the mine gas drainage pipe (4) through a pipeline for continuous gas drainage; then carrying out the layer-crossing drilling construction of the next designed drilling hole and the fluidized gas-coal simultaneous mining operation;
the grouting filling steps are as follows: after the fluidized gas coal simultaneous mining operation of the last designed drill hole is finished, removing a pipeline between the front sealing sleeve (2-1) and the mine gas drainage pipe (4), plugging each drill hole, and grouting and filling the whole coal mining cave through the uppermost front sealing sleeve (2-1); and after the filling slurry is fully cured, performing tunneling operation.
6. The method for rapidly uncovering a rock cross-cut based on physical fluidization simultaneous mining of coal and gas as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step of cross-cut drilling construction and the step of fluidized gas coal simultaneous mining are repeated, and a plurality of cross-cut drill holes are utilized to mine coal and gas within a range of 12-15 m around a roadway contour line at the rock cross-cut uncovering position.
7. The rock cross-cut rapid coal uncovering method based on coal and gas physical fluidization simultaneous mining is characterized in that the drill holes are arrayed around the contour line of a roadway at the rock cross-cut coal uncovering position, and the center distance between the drill holes is matched with the effective hydraulic coal breaking range of the injection device (1-2).
8. The cross-cut rapid coal uncovering method based on physical fluidization simultaneous mining of coal and gas according to claim 5, characterized in that the coal mining mode in the fluidized gas coal simultaneous mining step adopts a stepping backspacing coal mining mode: controlling the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3) to move back and forth within the range of 1-2 m until the coal output of the drill hole is greatly reduced and all the coal within the range of 1-2 m along the front-back direction is crushed and extracted, then controlling the high-pressure sealing drill rod (1-3) to retreat backward for 1-2 m, continuously and circularly repeating the steps to crush and extract all the coal within the range of 2-4 m along the front-back direction, and repeating the steps in sequence, and performing the circular work of 'retreat-breaking the coal-retreat-breaking the coal seam' until the position of a bottom plate of the drill hole is approached to completely extract the coal around the drill hole.
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