CN115637397B - Reinforced solution treatment process for high-strength cast aluminum alloy - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of casting, and discloses a high-strength casting aluminum alloy strengthening solution treatment process, which comprises the steps of melting alloy raw materials, casting, cooling and shaping, and performing heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment; the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment; the process can be combined with two-stage aging treatment through four-stage solution treatment, so that the mechanical properties, particularly the tensile strength, of the cast aluminum alloy are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of casting, in particular to a strengthening solution treatment process for high-strength cast aluminum alloy.
Background
The cast aluminum alloy is an aluminum alloy obtained by filling a mold with a molten metal to obtain a blank of a part having various shapes. Has the advantages of low density, higher specific strength, good corrosion resistance and casting manufacturability, small limit by the structural design of parts, and the like.
At present, if the solid solution temperature is too high or the solid solution treatment time is too long, the cast aluminum alloy will be over-burned, so that the mechanical properties of the cast aluminum alloy are greatly reduced.
However, as the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys are increasingly demanded in industrial production, aluminum alloys having better mechanical properties are required to be processed for various cast parts, and thus, further improvements are required in the prior art.
Based on the above, we propose a high-strength cast aluminum alloy strengthening solution treatment process, which is hopeful to solve the defects in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-strength casting aluminum alloy strengthening solution treatment process.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a high-strength casting aluminum alloy strengthening solution treatment process comprises the steps of melting an alloy raw material, casting, cooling and shaping, and performing heat treatment;
the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment;
the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment.
As a further technical scheme, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: 22-24wt.% Si, 1.3-1.6wt.% Mg, 0.4-0.5wt.% Ti, 0.8-0.88wt.% Mn, 0.2-0.35wt.% Cu, 0.02-0.03wt.% P, the remainder being Al.
As a further technical scheme, the aluminum alloy contains 0.4-0.5wt.% Sn.
As a further technical scheme: the four-stage solution treatment comprises: first-stage solid solution treatment, second-stage solid solution treatment, third-stage solid solution treatment and fourth-stage solid solution treatment.
As a further technical scheme, the one-stage solution treatment: preserving heat for 1 hour at 410-415 ℃;
the two-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: heating to 450-455 deg.C in 20min, and maintaining for 1 hr;
the three-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: heating to 470-480 ℃ in 20min, and preserving heat for 1.5 hours;
the four-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: heating to 500-505 deg.C in 20min, and maintaining for 1.5 hr.
As a further technical scheme, the four-stage solution treatment is followed by water quenching.
As a further technical scheme: the two ageing treatments are heat preservation treatment for 10 hours at 125-130 ℃, then heating to 140-150 ℃, continuing heat preservation for 10 hours, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
When Sn is added, spherical granular Al2Sn phases are found in the as-cast and heat-treated alloy, and 0.5% of Sn can obviously improve the tensile strength of the alloy at 20 ℃, 150 ℃ and 175 ℃. The improvement of the mechanical property of the alloy is solid solution strengthening on one hand and dispersion strengthening of the Al2Sn phase with high melting point on the other hand
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a high-strength casting aluminum alloy strengthening solution treatment process, which has the following beneficial effects:
the process can be combined with four-stage solution treatment and two-stage aging treatment, so that the mechanical property, especially the tensile strength, of the cast aluminum alloy is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the excessive solid solution phenomenon can be effectively preventedAl capable of producing spherical particles 2 And Sn phase, which can greatly enhance the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
A high-strength casting aluminum alloy strengthening solution treatment process comprises the steps of melting an alloy raw material, casting, cooling and shaping, and performing heat treatment;
the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment;
the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment.
The aluminum alloy comprises the following components: 22-24wt.% Si, 1.3-1.6wt.% Mg, 0.4-0.5wt.% Ti, 0.8-0.88wt.% Mn, 0.2-0.35wt.% Cu, 0.02-0.03wt.% P, the remainder being Al.
The aluminum alloy contains 0.4 to 0.5wt.% Sn, and the mass ratio of Sn to Ti is preferably 1:1 in the invention.
The aluminum alloy composition is preferably: 23.5wt.% Si, 1.4wt.% Mg, 0.5wt.% Ti, 0.82wt.% Mn, 0.3wt.% Cu, 0.022wt.% P, 0.45wt.% Sn, the remainder being Al.
Smelting aluminum alloy by adopting an 8KW resistance crucible smelting furnace, firstly adding an aluminum block, after smelting, adjusting the temperature to 715 ℃, then adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, a copper block, phosphor copper and manganese ingots, uniformly stirring until all raw materials are molten, continuously stirring for 20min, then adjusting the temperature to 760 ℃, adopting hexachloroethane for refining treatment, wherein the hexachloroethane consumption is 0.15% of the total weight of furnace burden, adjusting the temperature to 718 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot and a Sn ingot, continuously stirring for 40min, then adjusting the temperature to 735 ℃, and casting;
the invention can produce spherical granular Al in as-cast and heat-treated aluminum alloy by introducing Sn with the same ratio as Ti 2 And Sn phase, which can greatly enhance the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy.
The tensile strength of the alloy at 30 ℃, 100 ℃ and 180 ℃ can be obviously improved by introducing Sn with the same proportion as Ti, and after adding Sn and Ti, the alloy is subjected to solution treatment, so that Al can be added 2 The Sn phase is subjected to dispersion strengthening, so that the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy are further promoted and improved.
The four-stage solution treatment comprises: first-stage solid solution treatment, second-stage solid solution treatment, third-stage solid solution treatment and fourth-stage solid solution treatment.
The first-stage solid solution treatment comprises the following steps: at the temperature of 410-415 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 1 hour, and the Cu solute atoms can be promoted to be fully dissolved in the alpha-Al matrix through one-stage solution treatment;
the two-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: heating to 450-455 ℃ in 20min, and preserving heat for 1 hour, wherein the two-stage solution treatment can promote the sufficient solution of Mg and part of Cu solute atoms in the alpha-Al matrix;
the three-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: heating to 470-480 ℃ in 20min, and preserving heat for 1.5 hours, wherein the three-stage solution treatment can promote the complete solution of Si and part of Mg solute atoms in the alpha-Al matrix;
the four-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: heating to 500-505 ℃ in 20min, and preserving heat for 1.5 h, wherein through four-stage solution treatment, the vibration energy of each atom is mainly improved, so that the solution of the undissolved phases in the grain boundary and the crystal is further promoted, the concentration of the solute in the solid solution is further improved, and meanwhile, the vacancy concentration in the aluminum alloy can be further improved, and the higher the vacancy concentration, the easier the atom diffusion is, so that the precipitation speed of the strengthening phase is faster, the finer and the components of the aluminum alloy are more uniform in the subsequent aging treatment process.
After the four-stage solid solution treatment, water quenching is carried out, and the casting can be quickly cooled to room temperature through the water quenching treatment, so that supersaturated solid solution is formed, crystal defects such as vacancies formed in the solid solution process of the aluminum alloy can be preserved, and the supersaturated solid solution and the crystal defects can have better strengthening effect on the aluminum alloy.
The two ageing treatments are heat preservation treatment for 10 hours at 125-130 ℃, then heating to 140-150 ℃, continuing heat preservation for 10 minutes, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
The following are specific examples:
example 1
Aluminum alloy composition: 23.5wt.% Si, 1.4wt.% Mg, 0.5wt.% Ti, 0.82wt.% Mn, 0.3wt.% Cu, 0.022wt.% P, 0.45wt.% Sn, the remainder being Al.
Smelting aluminum alloy by adopting an 8KW resistance crucible smelting furnace, adding an aluminum block, after smelting, adjusting the temperature to 715 ℃, then adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, a copper block, phosphor copper and manganese ingots, uniformly stirring until all raw materials are molten, continuously stirring for 20min, then adjusting the temperature to 760 ℃, adopting hexachloroethane for refining treatment, wherein the hexachloroethane consumption is 0.15% of the total weight of furnace burden, adjusting the temperature to 718 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot and a Sn ingot, continuously stirring for 40min, then adjusting the temperature to 735 ℃, casting, cooling and shaping, and carrying out heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment; the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment; the four-stage solution treatment comprises: first-stage solid solution treatment, second-stage solid solution treatment, third-stage solid solution treatment and fourth-stage solid solution treatment. The first-stage solid solution treatment comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 1 hour at 410 ℃; two-stage solution treatment: heating to 450 ℃ in 20min, and preserving heat for 1 hour; three-stage solution treatment: heating to 470 ℃ in 20min, and preserving heat for 1.5 hours; four-stage solid solution treatment: the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ in the period of 20min, and the temperature is kept for 1.5 hours. And after four-stage solution treatment, carrying out water quenching, and carrying out water quenching treatment. The two ageing treatments are heat preservation at 125 ℃ for 10 hours, then heating to 140 ℃, continuing heat preservation for 10 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
The four-stage solution treatment time was compared with the influence of the hardness of the aluminum alloy, and the hardness measurement was carried out by using an HB-3000A durometer:
TABLE 1
| Time/h | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 |
| Hardness HB | 123.5 | 118.1 | 114.2 | 112.0 | 114.3 | 116.8 | 117.5 |
As can be seen from Table 1, as the four-stage solution treatment time is prolonged, the hardness of the aluminum alloy is reduced and then increased, the four-stage solution optimal time is 1.5 hours, and the over-solution phenomenon occurs in more than 1.5 hours.
Example 2
Aluminum alloy composition: 23.5wt.% Si, 1.4wt.% Mg, 0.5wt.% Ti, 0.82wt.% Mn, 0.3wt.% Cu, 0.022wt.% P, 0.45wt.% Sn, the remainder being Al.
Smelting aluminum alloy by adopting an 8KW resistance crucible smelting furnace, adding an aluminum block, after smelting, adjusting the temperature to 715 ℃, then adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, a copper block, phosphor copper and manganese ingots, uniformly stirring until all raw materials are molten, continuously stirring for 20min, then adjusting the temperature to 760 ℃, adopting hexachloroethane for refining treatment, wherein the hexachloroethane consumption is 0.15% of the total weight of furnace burden, adjusting the temperature to 718 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot and a Sn ingot, continuously stirring for 40min, then adjusting the temperature to 735 ℃, casting, cooling and shaping, and carrying out heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment; the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment; the four-stage solution treatment comprises: first-stage solid solution treatment, second-stage solid solution treatment, third-stage solid solution treatment and fourth-stage solid solution treatment. The first-stage solid solution treatment comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for 1 hour at 412 ℃; two-stage solution treatment: heating to 451 ℃ in 20min, and preserving heat for 1 hour; three-stage solution treatment: heating to 473 deg.C in 20min, and maintaining for 1.5 hr; four-stage solid solution treatment: heating to 502 ℃ in 20min, and preserving heat for 1.5 hours. And after four-stage solution treatment, carrying out water quenching, and carrying out water quenching treatment. The two ageing treatments are heat preservation for 10 hours at 126 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 144 ℃, heat preservation is continued for 10 hours, and then natural cooling is carried out to room temperature.
Example 3
Aluminum alloy composition: 23.5wt.% Si, 1.4wt.% Mg, 0.5wt.% Ti, 0.82wt.% Mn, 0.3wt.% Cu, 0.022wt.% P, 0.45wt.% Sn, the remainder being Al.
Smelting aluminum alloy by adopting an 8KW resistance crucible smelting furnace, adding an aluminum block, after smelting, adjusting the temperature to 715 ℃, then adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, a copper block, phosphor copper and manganese ingots, uniformly stirring until all raw materials are molten, continuously stirring for 20min, then adjusting the temperature to 760 ℃, adopting hexachloroethane for refining treatment, wherein the hexachloroethane consumption is 0.15% of the total weight of furnace burden, adjusting the temperature to 718 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot and a Sn ingot, continuously stirring for 40min, then adjusting the temperature to 735 ℃, casting, cooling and shaping, and carrying out heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment; the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment; the four-stage solution treatment comprises: first-stage solid solution treatment, second-stage solid solution treatment, third-stage solid solution treatment and fourth-stage solid solution treatment. The first-stage solid solution treatment comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for 1 hour at 413 ℃; two-stage solution treatment: heating to 454 ℃ in 20min, and preserving heat for 1 hour; three-stage solution treatment: heating to 478 ℃ in 20min, and preserving heat for 1.5 hours; four-stage solid solution treatment: the temperature is raised to 504 ℃ in the period of 20min, and the temperature is kept for 1.5 hours. And after four-stage solution treatment, carrying out water quenching, and carrying out water quenching treatment. The two ageing treatments are heat preservation treatment for 10 hours at 127 ℃, then heating to 145 ℃, continuing heat preservation for 10 hours, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 4
Aluminum alloy composition: 23.5wt.% Si, 1.4wt.% Mg, 0.5wt.% Ti, 0.82wt.% Mn, 0.3wt.% Cu, 0.022wt.% P, 0.45wt.% Sn, the remainder being Al.
Smelting aluminum alloy by adopting an 8KW resistance crucible smelting furnace, adding an aluminum block, after smelting, adjusting the temperature to 715 ℃, then adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, a copper block, phosphor copper and manganese ingots, uniformly stirring until all raw materials are molten, continuously stirring for 20min, then adjusting the temperature to 760 ℃, adopting hexachloroethane for refining treatment, wherein the hexachloroethane consumption is 0.15% of the total weight of furnace burden, adjusting the temperature to 718 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot and a Sn ingot, continuously stirring for 40min, then adjusting the temperature to 735 ℃, casting, cooling and shaping, and carrying out heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment; the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment; the four-stage solution treatment comprises: first-stage solid solution treatment, second-stage solid solution treatment, third-stage solid solution treatment and fourth-stage solid solution treatment. The first-stage solid solution treatment comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for 1 hour at 415 ℃; two-stage solution treatment: heating to 455 ℃ in 20min, and preserving heat for 1 hour; three-stage solution treatment: heating to 480 ℃ in 20min, and preserving heat for 1.5 hours; four-stage solid solution treatment: the temperature is raised to 505 ℃ in the period of 20min, and the temperature is kept for 1.5 hours. And after four-stage solution treatment, carrying out water quenching, and carrying out water quenching treatment. The two ageing treatments are heat preservation at 130 ℃ for 10 hours, then heating to 150 ℃, continuing heat preservation for 10 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
Comparative example 1:
aluminum alloy composition: 23.5wt.% Si, 1.4wt.% Mg, 0.5wt.% Ti, 0.82wt.% Mn, 0.3wt.% Cu, 0.022wt.% P, 0.45wt.% Sn, the remainder being Al.
Smelting aluminum alloy by adopting an 8KW resistance crucible smelting furnace, adding an aluminum block, after smelting, adjusting the temperature to 715 ℃, then adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, a copper block, phosphor copper and manganese ingots, uniformly stirring until all raw materials are molten, continuously stirring for 20min, then adjusting the temperature to 760 ℃, adopting hexachloroethane for refining treatment, wherein the hexachloroethane consumption is 0.15% of the total weight of furnace burden, adjusting the temperature to 718 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot and a Sn ingot, continuously stirring for 40min, then adjusting the temperature to 735 ℃, casting, cooling and shaping, and carrying out heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment; the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and aging treatment; the four-stage solution treatment comprises: first-stage solid solution treatment, second-stage solid solution treatment, third-stage solid solution treatment and fourth-stage solid solution treatment. The first-stage solid solution treatment comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 1 hour at 410 ℃; two-stage solution treatment: heating to 450 ℃ in 20min, and preserving heat for 1 hour; three-stage solution treatment: heating to 470 ℃ in 20min, and preserving heat for 1.5 hours; four-stage solid solution treatment: the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ in the period of 20min, and the temperature is kept for 1.5 hours. And after four-stage solution treatment, carrying out water quenching, and carrying out water quenching treatment. The aging treatment is heat preservation treatment for 20 hours at 125 ℃, and then natural cooling to room temperature is carried out.
Comparative example 2
Aluminum alloy composition: 23.5wt.% Si, 1.4wt.% Mg, 0.5wt.% Ti, 0.82wt.% Mn, 0.3wt.% Cu, 0.022wt.% P, 0.45wt.% Sn, the remainder being Al.
Smelting aluminum alloy by adopting an 8KW resistance crucible smelting furnace, adding an aluminum block, after smelting, adjusting the temperature to 715 ℃, then adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, a copper block, phosphor copper and manganese ingots, uniformly stirring until all raw materials are molten, continuously stirring for 20min, then adjusting the temperature to 760 ℃, adopting hexachloroethane for refining treatment, wherein the hexachloroethane consumption is 0.15% of the total weight of furnace burden, adjusting the temperature to 718 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot and a Sn ingot, continuously stirring for 40min, then adjusting the temperature to 735 ℃, casting, cooling and shaping, and carrying out heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment; the strengthening solid solution treatment is divided into solid solution treatment and two ageing treatments; solution treatment: and (3) carrying out water quenching at 500 ℃ for 6 hours, and carrying out water quenching treatment. The two ageing treatments are heat preservation at 125 ℃ for 10 hours, then heating to 140 ℃, continuing heat preservation for 10 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
And (3) testing:
the tensile samples of the examples and the comparative examples are carried out on a WDW-E200 microcomputer control electronic universal tester, and the feeding speed is 0.5 mm/min;
TABLE 2
| Tensile strength MPa | |
| Example 1 | 378.1 |
| Example 2 | 385.6 |
| Example 3 | 381.7 |
| Example 4 | 376.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 342.7 |
| Comparative example 2 | 314.3 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the present invention can improve the tensile strength of aluminum alloy castings by aging the solution treatment of aluminum alloys.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A high-strength cast aluminum alloy strengthening solution treatment process is characterized in that after an alloy raw material is melted, casting is carried out, and after cooling shaping, heat treatment is carried out;
the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment;
the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment, and the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: 22-24wt.% Si, 1.3-1.6wt.% Mg, 0.4-0.5wt.% Ti, 0.8-0.88wt.% Mn, 0.2-0.35wt.% Cu, 0.02-0.03wt.% P, 0.4-0.5wt.% Sn, the balance Al, the four-stage solution treatment comprising: one-stage solution treatment, two-stage solution treatment, three-stage solution treatment and four-stage solution treatment, wherein the one-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 1 hour at 410-415 ℃; the two-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: heating to 450-455 deg.C in 20min, and maintaining for 1 hr; the three-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: heating to 470-480 ℃ in 20min, and preserving heat for 1.5 hours; the four-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: heating to 500-505 ℃ in 20min, preserving heat for 1.5 hours, carrying out water quenching after four-stage solid solution treatment, carrying out two-stage aging treatment for 10 hours at 125-130 ℃, heating to 140-150 ℃, continuously preserving heat for 10 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
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