CN115632913B - Wireless communication transmission method and system based on intelligent reflecting surface - Google Patents
Wireless communication transmission method and system based on intelligent reflecting surface Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/04—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources
- H04W40/08—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources based on transmission power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
- H04W40/32—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update for defining a routing cluster membership
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/046—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract
The invention provides a wireless communication transmission method and a system based on an intelligent reflecting surface, comprising the following steps: acquiring position information of a plurality of target terminals, estimating an uplink channel through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminals, and if the direct path does not exist between the target terminals and a base station, sequentially transmitting high-frequency reference signals to nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces through the base station, wherein the target terminals select the intelligent reflecting surface with the largest transmission signal power; if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, grouping the target terminals; the same group of target terminals select the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the target terminal of the group based on the position of the target terminal relative to the intelligent reflecting surface; time division duplex signal transmission is performed between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam. The invention solves the problems of low transmission efficiency and high cost of the existing wireless communication under the shielding condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a wireless communication transmission method and system based on an intelligent reflecting surface.
Background
The intelligent reflection surface (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface, RIS) is a key technology which is paid attention to and researched in the field of communication in recent years. Specifically, RIS is a planar array structure made up of a series of passive reflecting devices. Each reflecting device can be independently regulated by a controller connected to a Base Station (BS) to change its electromagnetic characteristics, thereby achieving a phase lead or lag to an incident electromagnetic wave. The direction of the emergent beam can be controlled by jointly adjusting the electromagnetic characteristics of each reflecting device, so that the limit that the incident angle is equal to the reflecting angle is broken through, and the propagation path of electromagnetic waves is changed according to specific requirements. RIS is thus also used for blind coverage when the direct path is blocked, signal enhancement at the cell edge, etc. A typical application scenario is shown in fig. 1, in which the direct path of a BS-terminal (UE) is blocked by a house, and the signal transmission quality is reduced; by deploying RIS around cells, a virtual Line-of-Sight (LoS) link for BS-RIS-UE can be established, thereby achieving efficient communication. Due to the passive nature of the existing RIS, thermal noise is not additionally introduced when reflecting signals compared with the traditional active relay; furthermore, RIS does not introduce significant additional power consumption; third, RIS has significant performance advantages in high frequency bands, such as millimeter wave bands: the scattering loss of the high-frequency electromagnetic wave is large, so that when the direct path does not exist, the RIS is more required to establish a virtual LoS link to assist communication, and the working frequency is improved, so that the RIS area can be smaller, and the actual deployment is convenient.
However, since the number of RIS reflecting devices is generally large, how to set the phase shift of each reflecting device for an incident electromagnetic wave becomes one of the difficulties in RIS applications. A common implementation is to provide the RIS with a codebook (e.g., discrete fourier transform Discrete Fourier Transform, DFT codebook), and in use, scan all the beams in the codebook in turn to determine the beam that provides the maximum transmission rate.
In addition, the large number of reflectors presents difficulties for channel estimation, since the phase shift of the RIS reflectors is coupled to a tandem channel (BS-RIS-UE), in order to estimate Channel State Information (CSI) of the tandem channel, the communication system needs to estimate the CSI of two channels, namely, the BS-RIS and the RIS-UE channels, respectively. This results in the overhead of CSI estimation being proportional to the number of RIS devices and an efficient transmission cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a wireless communication transmission method and a wireless communication transmission system based on an intelligent reflecting surface, which are used for solving the problems of low transmission efficiency and high cost of the existing wireless communication under the shielding condition and realizing high-speed and low-cost communication under the shielding condition.
The invention provides a wireless communication transmission method based on an intelligent reflecting surface, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring position information of a plurality of target terminals, performing uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminals, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and the target terminals, and generating a judging result;
Determining that no direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station based on the judging result, sequentially transmitting high-frequency reference signals to nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces through the base station, measuring transmission signal power by the target terminal, and selecting the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum transmission signal power to be determined as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surface, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that a beam main lobe emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all target terminals in the same group;
For the same group of target terminals, selecting a beam in a corresponding direction from an intelligent reflection surface codebook based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflection surface, sequentially scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
Time division duplex signal transmission is performed between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
According to the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflecting surface, provided by the invention, uplink channel estimation is carried out through a low-frequency link based on the target terminal position information, whether a direct path exists between a base station and a target terminal is judged, and a judgment result is generated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
The target terminal transmits a reference signal to the base station through a low-frequency link, and acquires channel energy of angle domain elements corresponding to different incident angles at the base station;
On the base station side, if the channel energy of the angle domain corresponding to the direction of the target terminal is higher than a set threshold, determining that a direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and directly carrying out high-frequency communication between the base station and the target terminal without adopting intelligent reflection surface auxiliary transmission;
on the base station side, if the angle domain channel energy corresponding to the target terminal direction is lower than a set threshold, determining that no direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and performing auxiliary communication between the base station and the target terminal through an intelligent reflecting surface.
According to the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflecting surface, provided by the invention, based on the judging result, it is determined that no direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station, then the base station sequentially transmits high-frequency reference signals to the nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces, the target terminal measures the transmission signal power, and the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface with the largest transmission signal power is selected to be determined as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
when judging that the direct path does not exist, the base station sequentially transmits reference signals to a plurality of intelligent reflecting surfaces, and the reference signals are received by the target terminal after being reflected by the intelligent reflecting surfaces;
The target terminal selects an intelligent reflecting surface according to the power of the received high-frequency reference signal;
And determining the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum value of the received power as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface.
According to the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflecting surface, based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surface, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that a beam main lobe emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all target terminals in the same group, and the wireless communication transmission method specifically comprises the following steps:
When one intelligent reflecting surface corresponds to a plurality of target terminals, grouping according to the positions of the target terminals;
dividing target terminals which can be totally covered by the beam main lobe reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface into the same group based on the position information of the target terminals;
The target terminals of different groups transmit signals in a time division multiple access mode, and the target terminals of the same group transmit signals at the same time and same frequency.
According to the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflecting surface provided by the invention, for the same group of target terminals, based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflecting surface, a beam in a corresponding direction is selected in an intelligent reflecting surface codebook, a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam are scanned in sequence, and the beam with the best transmission quality is selected as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals, and the wireless communication transmission method concretely comprises the following steps:
Determining the beam direction at the intelligent reflecting surface based on the position information of the target terminals of the group, and scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam according to the beam direction;
Scanning a plurality of wave beams and judging the transmission power;
And determining the beam with the maximum transmission power as the final transmission beam.
According to the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflection surface provided by the invention, the time division duplex signal transmission is carried out between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam, and the method concretely comprises the following steps:
according to the selected final transmission beam, the base station sends a signal to be transmitted to the intelligent reflecting surface, and the signal reaches all users in the same group after being reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface;
And other groups of target terminals perform time division duplex signal transmission through the corresponding intelligent reflection surface side wave beams.
The invention also provides an intelligent reflecting surface wireless communication transmission system based on the user position information, which comprises the following steps:
The direct path judging module is used for acquiring the position information of the target terminal, carrying out uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminal, judging whether a direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and generating a judging result;
The intelligent reflecting surface selection module determines that no direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station based on the judging result, and then the base station sequentially transmits high-frequency reference signals to the nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces, the target terminal measures the transmission signal power, and the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum transmission signal power is selected to be determined as the final intelligent reflecting surface;
the target terminal grouping module is used for grouping the target terminals if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals based on the final intelligent reflecting surface, so that the beam main lobe emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all target terminals in the same group;
The beam selection module is used for selecting a beam in a corresponding direction in the intelligent reflecting surface codebook based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflecting surface for the same group of target terminals, scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam in sequence, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
and the data transmission module is used for carrying out time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
The invention also provides an electronic device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflecting surface when executing the program.
The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements a wireless communication transmission method based on an intelligent reflective surface as described in any of the above.
The invention also provides a computer program product comprising a computer program which when executed by a processor implements a wireless communication transmission method based on an intelligent reflection surface as described in any one of the above.
According to the wireless communication transmission method and system based on the intelligent reflection surface, whether a direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station is determined by acquiring the position of the target terminal, when the direct path does not exist, the reflection surface with the maximum transmission signal power is selected and the target terminals are grouped, so that each target terminal is covered by the main lobe of the wave beam, the wave beam with the maximum transmission power closest to the target terminal is determined to be the final transmission wave beam, and the transmission efficiency is ensured; and meanwhile, after the intelligent reflecting surface selects the wave beam, the intelligent reflecting surface is regarded as a part of a wireless environment and is decoupled from channel estimation. Therefore, the channel estimation overhead provided by the invention is irrelevant to the number of intelligent reflection surface array elements, is only relevant to the number of target terminal antennas required by uplink channel estimation, and reduces the cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art RIS for blind zone coverage provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a wireless communication transmission method based on an intelligent reflection surface according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second flow chart of the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflection surface provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a third flow chart of the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflection surface provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a wireless communication transmission method based on an intelligent reflection surface provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a wireless communication transmission method based on an intelligent reflection surface provided by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a wireless communication transmission method based on an intelligent reflection surface according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of module connection of a wireless communication transmission system based on an intelligent reflection surface according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary application of the RIS-assisted communication system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of low energy corresponding to an angle domain channel when the direct path provided by the present invention is not present;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the channel energy in the corresponding angle domain when the direct path provided by the present invention exists;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a bs transmitting a reference signal to RIS#1 in slot#1 provided by the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a transmission of a reference signal from a BS to RIS#2 in time slot#2 provided by the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a diagram of all UEs being grouped into a set of RIS transmit single beams provided by the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing a UE divided into two groups of RISs to transmit different beams in different time slots according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of RIS-side beam selection provided by the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an overall implementation model provided by the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a plan view of a simulation model provided by the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an empirical distribution of SNR for a 1-bit codebook according to the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of an empirical distribution of SNR for a 2-bit codebook according to the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the relationship between SNR and beam scanning times in a 1-bit codebook according to the present invention;
fig. 23 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between SNR and beam scanning times in a 2-bit codebook according to the present invention;
reference numerals:
110: a direct path judging module; 120: an intelligent reflecting surface selection module; 130: a target terminal grouping module; 140: a beam selection module; 150: a data transmission module;
810: a processor; 820: a communication interface; 830: a memory; 840: communication bus
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The following describes a wireless communication transmission method based on an intelligent reflection surface with reference to fig. 2 to 7, which includes:
S100, acquiring position information of a plurality of target terminals, estimating an uplink channel through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminals, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and the target terminals, and generating a judging result;
S200, determining that no direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station based on the judging result, sequentially transmitting high-frequency reference signals to nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces through the base station, measuring transmission signal power by the target terminal, and selecting the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum transmission signal power to be determined as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
S300, based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surface, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals are required to be grouped, so that a beam main lobe emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all target terminals in the same group;
S400, for the same group of target terminals, selecting a beam in a corresponding direction from an intelligent reflection surface codebook based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflection surface, sequentially scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
S500, time division duplex signal transmission is carried out between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
In the invention, one base station BS provides communication service corresponding to a plurality of target terminals UE, and a plurality of intelligent reflection surface RIS auxiliary base stations and the communication between the target terminals exist in a certain area range. Assuming that a low-frequency Sub-6GHz communication link exists between the base station and the target terminal all the time, the base station periodically acquires the position information of the target terminal for the use of the transmission scheme. The application scene is schematically shown in fig. 10: one BS serves a plurality of UEs within a cell, and there are several RIS around to assist in communication. When a direct path exists between the UE and the BS, the RIS does not participate in auxiliary communication, as shown in UE#1; when the BS-UE direct path is blocked by an obstacle, one from the nearby RIS is selected to assist communication, as shown by ue#2, ris#2 in the cell is closer to ue#2, and thus ris#2 is selected to assist communication. Communication quality and efficiency can be improved by selecting intelligent reflecting surface to assist communication.
Based on the target terminal position information, carrying out uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and a target terminal, and generating a judging result, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
s101, the target terminal transmits a reference signal to a base station through a low-frequency link, and acquires channel energy of angle domain elements corresponding to different incident angles at the base station;
S102, on the base station side, if the channel energy of the angle domain corresponding to the direction of the target terminal is higher than a set threshold, determining that a direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and directly carrying out high-frequency communication between the base station and the target terminal without adopting intelligent reflection surface auxiliary transmission;
s103, on the base station side, if the angle domain channel energy corresponding to the direction of the target terminal is lower than a set threshold, determining that no direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and performing auxiliary communication between the base station and the target terminal through an intelligent reflecting surface.
And periodically acquiring the position information of the UE by establishing a low-frequency Sub-6GHz link, wherein the specific period can be determined according to the movement speed of the UE and the received signal quality of the UE. And the target terminal transmits a reference signal to the base station through a low-frequency link to acquire the channel energy of the Angle domain elements corresponding to different angles of incidence (AoA). Under an ideal free space propagation model, the channel energy should be concentrated only on the channel elements in the angle domain corresponding to the angle of the UE relative to the BS, while the channel energy corresponding to other aoas is zero. However, in an actual wireless propagation environment, multipath effects may be caused by the fact that the wireless signal has not only direct radiation, but also multiple propagation modes such as reflection, diffraction, scattering and the like. Therefore, after the serving cell performs angular domain decomposition on the uplink channel, although some aoas do not belong to the direct path of the BS-UE, energy greater than zero still exists due to reflection, diffraction, and the like. Therefore, in the invention, whether the channel energy of the angle domain element is higher than the set threshold value is judged, and if the channel energy of the angle domain element is higher than the set threshold value gamma, the direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal. If the direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, the corresponding angle domain component energy should be larger; otherwise, if the direct path is blocked, the energy in the communication link is mainly composed of reflection and scattering paths, and the angle domain component energy corresponding to the direct path should be smaller. The related schematic diagrams are shown in fig. 11 and 12. Fig. 11 shows that, when the direct path does not exist, the angle domain component corresponding to the direct path between the target terminal and the base station, in the figure, the 4 th element of the angle domain channel, has low energy. The serving cell thus determines that the direct path does not exist; when the direct path exists, as shown in fig. 12, element No. 4 has high energy, and the serving cell thus determines that the direct path exists. If the direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station, the RIS is not adopted in the transmission scheme, namely the BS directly establishes a high-frequency communication link with the UE; otherwise, if the direct path does not exist between the UE and the BS, introducing RIS to carry out auxiliary communication, and continuing to carry out the subsequent steps. When direct paths exist, the RIS is not used because the RIS itself introduces two path losses, namely a BS-RIS segment and a RIS-UE segment. The two-segment link provided by RIS tends to have a larger path loss than the direct path, providing limited gain in the presence of the direct path. In contrast, if the direct path does not exist, the transmission quality between the BS and the UE is significantly reduced due to the strong path loss of the high-frequency millimeter wave band, and if the RIS is introduced to assist communication, the communication quality is significantly improved.
Based on the judging result, determining that no direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station, transmitting high-frequency reference signals to nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces in sequence through the base station, measuring transmission signal power by the target terminal, and selecting the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum transmission signal power to determine the intelligent reflecting surface as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
S201, when judging that the direct path does not exist, the base station sequentially transmits reference signals to a plurality of intelligent reflecting surfaces, and the reference signals are received by the target terminal after being reflected by the intelligent reflecting surfaces;
s202, the target terminal selects an intelligent reflecting surface according to the power of the received high-frequency reference signal;
S203, determining the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum value of the received power as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface.
In the present invention, if it is determined that the direct path is blocked, it is necessary to select which RIS in the vicinity to use to assist the high frequency transmission. Specifically, each RIS selects a beam pointing to the UE from a codebook according to the position information of the UE so as to enable the UE to select an optimal RIS, then sequentially sends a high-frequency reference signal to each RIS nearby, and after the UE measures the received signal of each time, selects the RIS with the largest received power or the reference signal to feed back to a service cell. As shown in fig. 13 and 14. In the first slot, the BS transmits a reference signal to ris#1, since ris#1 is far from the UE, and thus the reception power at the UE is low; in the second slot, the BS continues to transmit the reference signal to ris#2 because ris#2 is closer to the UE and thus the received power at the UE is higher. After comparing the received powers of two times, the UE feeds back to the BS, and ris#2 is more suitable for auxiliary transmission.
Based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surface, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that a beam main lobe emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all target terminals in the same group, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
S301, when one intelligent reflecting surface corresponds to a plurality of target terminals, grouping according to the positions of the target terminals;
S302, dividing target terminals which can be totally covered by the beam main lobe reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface into the same group based on the position information of the target terminals;
S303, the target terminals of different groups transmit signals in a time division multiple access mode, and the target terminals of the same group transmit signals at the same time and same frequency.
After determining the RIS serving each UE, if one RIS corresponds to multiple UEs, the UEs are grouped according to the location information of the UEs, so that the beam main lobe of the RIS can cover all UEs in the same group. Because the main lobe width of the RIS beam is narrower when the number of RIS array elements N R is larger, if the angular distance between different UEs and the RIS is greater than the included angle of the RIS main lobe, one beam cannot cover these UEs at the same time, which results in a UE covered by side lobes, and the transmission quality of the UE is greatly weakened. The invention groups the UE based on the position information, so that the UE in the same group can be completely covered by the beam main lobe to ensure the transmission quality; the UEs of different groups are served by time division multiple access (Time Division Multiple Access, TDMA). The third step of the transmission scheme is shown in fig. 15 and 16. If all UEs can be covered by the main lobe of a certain beam, the RIS side only needs to transmit a single beam, as shown in fig. 15; otherwise, the UE needs to be divided into multiple groups according to the reported positions. In fig. 16, ue#1 and ue#2 are grouped, and ue#3 and ue#4 are grouped, and the two groups are respectively served by two different beams.
For the same group of target terminals, based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflecting surface, selecting a beam in a corresponding direction in the codebook of the intelligent reflecting surface, sequentially scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s401, determining the beam direction at the intelligent reflecting surface based on the position information of the target terminals of the group, and scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam according to the beam direction;
s402, scanning a plurality of beams and judging the transmission power;
S403, determining the beam with the maximum transmission power as the final transmission beam.
Since there is usually a certain error in the location information provided by the UEs, the beam determined by the location information alone is likely not to be fully aligned to a group of UEs, and thus the present invention proposes that the serving cell should scan K adjacent beams to ensure that the RIS side selects the best beam. The selection of the K value can be determined according to specific use requirements: the larger K is, the larger the beam scanning overhead is, and the larger the probability of scanning the optimal beam is; the smaller K, the beam scanning overhead decreases, but the disadvantage is that the best beam may not be found. For each group of UEs in the third step, a beam in a corresponding direction is selected in the codebook of the RIS based on its location information, and the serving cell scans K beams of angles adjacent to the selected beam to determine a beam that optimizes transmission quality, as shown in fig. 17. In the figure, beam No. 2 is a beam selected according to the position information; by selecting the scanning number K=3 of the beams, 3 beams in adjacent angles are scanned, the receiving power corresponding to each beam is shown in the upper right corner of the figure, the receiving power of the beam 2 is the highest, and the beams are 1 and 3 times. Thus, by beam scanning, beam selection on the RIS side is determined.
Based on the selected final transmission beam, time division duplex signal transmission is carried out between the base station and the target terminal, which comprises the following steps:
S501, according to the selected final transmission beam, the base station sends a signal to be transmitted to the intelligent reflecting surface, and the signal reaches all users in the same group after being reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface;
S502, other groups of target terminals transmit time division duplex signals through the corresponding intelligent reflection surface side wave beams.
For each UE, the beam of the RIS serving it is set to the selected transmission beam. The UE transmits reference signals for uplink channel estimation by the serving cell. For the downlink channel CSI required by precoding, the reciprocity of the uplink and downlink channels is utilized to obtain, and in actual transmission, a time division duplex (Time Division Duplexing, TDD) scheme is adopted for uplink and downlink information transmission. The overall implementation is as shown in fig. 18, where ue#1 is not obscured by an obstacle and thus establishes direct link communication directly with the BS; ue#2, ue#3, ue#4 are blocked and thus use RIS-assisted transmission. Further, since RIS#1 is far away therefrom, it is determined that the three UEs are served by RIS#2. Since three UEs cannot be covered by one beam at the same time, ue#2 and ue#3 are grouped into one group, ue#4 is grouped into another group, and the two groups of UEs are served by different beams, respectively.
In one specific example, the location-based beam scanning portion performs simulation verification. Simulation scenario as shown in FIG. 19, consider a BS at a fixed location (0 m,0 m) and a RIS at a fixed location (40 m,10 m). The UEs are uniformly distributed in a circle with (50 m,0 m) as a center and 5m as a radius, and the position information error σ=1.5m. Considering the common setting of millimeter wave communication, BS antenna number N B =64, ris array element number N R =256, and ues are all single antennas. The carrier frequency is 24GHz, the bandwidth is 200MHz, and the power spectral density of noise takes the classical value of-174 dBm/Hz. The path loss model uses a square attenuation model, i.e., β=32.4+20log 10d+20log10 f, where d is the distance value in meters and f is the carrier frequency value in GHz. The small scale channel is modeled as a rice channel, with rice factor k=10 dB.
Fig. 20 and 21 are cumulative empirical SNR distributions for two different beam scanning schemes for a 1-bit and 2-bit codebook, respectively. The solid curve represents the beam scanning strategy based on location information proposed by the present invention, where k=11; the dashed curve represents a conventional exhaustive beam scanning strategy. It can be seen that under two different codebooks, the scheme has similar performance to the traditional exhaustive search strategy.
Fig. 22 and 23 show the relationship between the average SNR and the number of beam scans in the 1-bit codebook and the 2-bit codebook, respectively. The number of scanning times of the exhaustive scanning strategy is constant as N R =256, while the beam scanning strategy based on the position information proposed by the present invention has K varying from 1 to 15. It can be seen that under an exhaustive scanning strategy, using a high resolution codebook (2 bits) has a performance boost of approximately 6dB compared to a low resolution codebook (1 bit). In addition, when the beam scanning times K is more than or equal to 11, the performance difference between the beam scanning strategy based on the position and the exhaustive scanning strategy is smaller. In particular, the beam search strategy proposed by the present invention has only a performance penalty of 0.08/0.05dB when k=11 compared to the exhaustive search strategy. In terms of beam scanning overhead, the invention can save 256/11 multiplied by 23 beam scanning overhead.
Referring to fig. 9, the invention also discloses a wireless communication transmission system based on the intelligent reflecting surface, which comprises:
The direct path judging module 110 is configured to obtain target terminal position information, perform uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the target terminal position information, judge whether a direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and generate a judgment result;
The intelligent reflection surface selection module 120 determines that no direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station based on the determination result, and then sequentially transmits high-frequency reference signals to nearby intelligent reflection surfaces through the base station, the target terminal measures transmission signal power, and the intelligent reflection surface corresponding to the maximum transmission signal power is selected to be determined as the final selected intelligent reflection surface;
The target terminal grouping module 130, based on the final selection of the intelligent reflection surfaces, groups the target terminals if a certain intelligent reflection surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, so that the beam main lobe emitted by the intelligent reflection surface can cover all target terminals in the same group;
the beam selection module 140 is configured to, for the same group of target terminals, select, based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflection surface, a beam in a corresponding direction in the codebook of the intelligent reflection surface, and sequentially scan a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam, and select a beam with the best transmission quality as a beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
The data transmission module 150 performs time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
The direct path judging module 110 transmits a reference signal to the base station through a low-frequency link by the target terminal, and acquires channel energy of angle domain elements corresponding to different incident angles at the base station;
under the condition that the channel energy of the angle domain element is higher than a set threshold value, determining that a direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and establishing a high-frequency communication link between the base station and the target terminal;
and under the condition that the channel energy of the angle domain element is lower than a set threshold value, determining that no direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and performing auxiliary communication between the base station and the target terminal through the intelligent reflecting surface.
The intelligent reflection surface selection module 120 sequentially transmits reference signals to the plurality of intelligent reflection surfaces when judging that the direct path does not exist, and the reference signals are received by the target terminal after being reflected by the intelligent reflection surfaces;
The target terminal selects an intelligent reflecting surface according to the power of the received high-frequency reference signal;
And determining the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum value of the received power as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface.
The target terminal grouping module 130 performs grouping according to the positions of the target terminals when one intelligent reflecting surface corresponds to a plurality of target terminals;
dividing target terminals which can be totally covered by the beam main lobe reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface into the same group based on the position information of the target terminals;
The target terminals of different groups transmit signals in a time division multiple access mode, and the target terminals of the same group transmit signals at the same time and same frequency.
The beam selection module 140 determines the beam direction at the intelligent reflecting surface based on the position information of the target terminal of the group, and scans a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam according to the beam direction;
Scanning a plurality of wave beams and judging the transmission power;
And determining the beam with the maximum transmission power as the final transmission beam.
The data transmission module 150, according to the selected final transmission beam, the base station sends the signal to be transmitted to the intelligent reflection surface, and the signal reaches all users in the same group after being reflected by the intelligent reflection surface;
And other groups of target terminals perform time division duplex signal transmission through the corresponding intelligent reflection surface side wave beams.
According to the wireless communication transmission system based on the intelligent reflecting surface, whether a direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station is determined by acquiring the position of the target terminal, and when the direct path does not exist, the reflecting surface with the maximum transmission signal power is selected and the target terminals are grouped, so that each target terminal is covered by the main lobe of the wave beam, the wave beam with the maximum transmission power closest to the target terminal is determined to be the final transmission wave beam, and the transmission efficiency is ensured; and meanwhile, after the intelligent reflecting surface selects the wave beam, the intelligent reflecting surface is regarded as a part of a wireless environment and is decoupled from channel estimation. Therefore, the channel estimation overhead provided by the invention is irrelevant to the number of intelligent reflection surface array elements, is only relevant to the number of target terminal antennas required by uplink channel estimation, and reduces the cost.
Fig. 8 illustrates a physical structure diagram of an electronic device, as shown in fig. 8, which may include: processor 810, communication interface (Communications Interface) 820, memory 830, and communication bus 840, wherein processor 810, communication interface 820, memory 830 accomplish communication with each other through communication bus 840. Processor 810 may invoke logic instructions in memory 830 to perform a smart reflector-based wireless communication transmission method comprising:
acquiring position information of a plurality of target terminals, performing uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminals, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and the target terminals, and generating a judging result;
Determining that no direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station based on the judging result, sequentially transmitting high-frequency reference signals to nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces through the base station, measuring transmission signal power by the target terminal, and selecting the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum transmission signal power to be determined as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surface, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that a beam main lobe emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all target terminals in the same group;
For the same group of target terminals, selecting a beam in a corresponding direction from an intelligent reflection surface codebook based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflection surface, sequentially scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
Time division duplex signal transmission is performed between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
Further, the logic instructions in the memory 830 described above may be implemented in the form of software functional units and may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium when sold or used as a stand-alone product. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art or in a part of the technical solution, in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, comprising several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer program product, where the computer program product includes a computer program, where the computer program can be stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, where the computer program when executed by a processor can perform the method for transmitting wireless communication based on an intelligent reflection surface provided by the above methods, and the method includes:
acquiring position information of a plurality of target terminals, performing uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminals, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and the target terminals, and generating a judging result;
Determining that no direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station based on the judging result, sequentially transmitting high-frequency reference signals to nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces through the base station, measuring transmission signal power by the target terminal, and selecting the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum transmission signal power to be determined as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surface, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that a beam main lobe emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all target terminals in the same group;
For the same group of target terminals, selecting a beam in a corresponding direction from an intelligent reflection surface codebook based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflection surface, sequentially scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
Time division duplex signal transmission is performed between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
In yet another aspect, the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, is implemented to perform the method for transmitting wireless communication based on intelligent reflection surfaces provided by the above methods, the method comprising:
acquiring position information of a plurality of target terminals, performing uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminals, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and the target terminals, and generating a judging result;
Determining that no direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station based on the judging result, sequentially transmitting high-frequency reference signals to nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces through the base station, measuring transmission signal power by the target terminal, and selecting the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum transmission signal power to be determined as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surface, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that a beam main lobe emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all target terminals in the same group;
For the same group of target terminals, selecting a beam in a corresponding direction from an intelligent reflection surface codebook based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflection surface, sequentially scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
Time division duplex signal transmission is performed between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the elements illustrated as separate elements may or may not be physically separate, and the elements shown as elements may or may not be physical elements, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and implement the present invention without undue burden.
From the above description of the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments may be implemented by means of software plus necessary general hardware platforms, or of course may be implemented by means of hardware. Based on this understanding, the foregoing technical solution may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method described in the respective embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflecting surface is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring position information of a plurality of target terminals, performing uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminals, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and the target terminals, and generating a judging result;
Determining that no direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station based on the judging result, sequentially transmitting high-frequency reference signals to nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces through the base station, measuring transmission signal power by the target terminal, and selecting the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum transmission signal power to be determined as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surface, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that a beam main lobe emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all target terminals in the same group;
For the same group of target terminals, selecting a beam in a corresponding direction from an intelligent reflection surface codebook based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflection surface, sequentially scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
Performing time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam;
the method comprises the steps of carrying out uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on target terminal position information, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and a target terminal, and generating a judging result, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
The target terminal transmits a reference signal to the base station through a low-frequency link, and acquires channel energy of angle domain elements corresponding to different incident angles at the base station;
On the base station side, if the channel energy of the angle domain corresponding to the direction of the target terminal is higher than a set threshold, determining that a direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and directly carrying out high-frequency communication between the base station and the target terminal without adopting intelligent reflection surface auxiliary transmission;
On the base station side, if the angle domain channel energy corresponding to the direction of the target terminal is lower than a set threshold value, determining that no direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and performing auxiliary communication between the base station and the target terminal through an intelligent reflecting surface;
and determining that no direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station based on the judgment result, sequentially transmitting high-frequency reference signals to nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces through the base station, measuring transmission signal power by the target terminal, and selecting the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum transmission signal power to determine the intelligent reflecting surface as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
When judging that the direct path does not exist, the base station sequentially transmits high-frequency reference signals to the intelligent reflecting surfaces, and the high-frequency reference signals are received by the target terminal after being reflected by the intelligent reflecting surfaces;
The target terminal selects an intelligent reflecting surface according to the power of the received high-frequency reference signal;
determining an intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum value of the received power as a final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
If a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that a beam main lobe emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all target terminals in the same group, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
When one intelligent reflecting surface corresponds to a plurality of target terminals, grouping according to the positions of the target terminals;
dividing target terminals which can be totally covered by the beam main lobe reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface into the same group based on the position information of the target terminals;
The target terminals of different groups transmit signals in a time division multiple access mode, and the target terminals of the same group transmit signals at the same time and same frequency.
2. The method for wireless communication transmission based on intelligent reflection surface according to claim 1, wherein for the same group of target terminals, based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflection surface, selecting a beam in a corresponding direction in the codebook of the intelligent reflection surface, and sequentially scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam, selecting a beam with the best transmission quality as a beam corresponding to the group of target terminals, specifically comprising:
Determining the beam direction at the intelligent reflecting surface based on the position information of the target terminals of the group, and scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam according to the beam direction;
Scanning a plurality of wave beams and judging the transmission power;
And determining the beam with the maximum transmission power as the final transmission beam.
3. The intelligent reflection-based wireless communication transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam specifically comprises:
according to the selected final transmission beam, the base station sends a signal to be transmitted to the intelligent reflecting surface, and the signal reaches all users in the same group after being reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface;
And other groups of target terminals perform time division duplex signal transmission through the corresponding intelligent reflection surface side wave beams.
4. A wireless communication transmission system based on an intelligent reflective surface, the system comprising:
The direct path judging module is used for acquiring the position information of the target terminal, carrying out uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminal, judging whether a direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and generating a judging result;
The intelligent reflecting surface selection module determines that no direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station based on the judging result, and then the base station sequentially transmits high-frequency reference signals to the nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces, the target terminal measures the transmission signal power, and the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum transmission signal power is selected to be determined as the final intelligent reflecting surface;
the target terminal grouping module is used for grouping the target terminals if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals based on the final intelligent reflecting surface, so that the beam main lobe emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all target terminals in the same group;
The beam selection module is used for selecting a beam in a corresponding direction in the intelligent reflecting surface codebook based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflecting surface for the same group of target terminals, scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam in sequence, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
The data transmission module is used for carrying out time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam;
the method comprises the steps of carrying out uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on target terminal position information, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and a target terminal, and generating a judging result, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
The target terminal transmits a reference signal to the base station through a low-frequency link, and acquires channel energy of angle domain elements corresponding to different incident angles at the base station;
On the base station side, if the channel energy of the angle domain corresponding to the direction of the target terminal is higher than a set threshold, determining that a direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and directly carrying out high-frequency communication between the base station and the target terminal without adopting intelligent reflection surface auxiliary transmission;
On the base station side, if the angle domain channel energy corresponding to the direction of the target terminal is lower than a set threshold value, determining that no direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and performing auxiliary communication between the base station and the target terminal through an intelligent reflecting surface;
and determining that no direct path exists between the target terminal and the base station based on the judgment result, sequentially transmitting high-frequency reference signals to nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces through the base station, measuring transmission signal power by the target terminal, and selecting the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum transmission signal power to determine the intelligent reflecting surface as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
When judging that the direct path does not exist, the base station sequentially transmits high-frequency reference signals to the intelligent reflecting surfaces, and the high-frequency reference signals are received by the target terminal after being reflected by the intelligent reflecting surfaces;
The target terminal selects an intelligent reflecting surface according to the power of the received high-frequency reference signal;
determining an intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum value of the received power as a final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
If a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that a beam main lobe emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all target terminals in the same group, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
When one intelligent reflecting surface corresponds to a plurality of target terminals, grouping according to the positions of the target terminals;
dividing target terminals which can be totally covered by the beam main lobe reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface into the same group based on the position information of the target terminals;
The target terminals of different groups transmit signals in a time division multiple access mode, and the target terminals of the same group transmit signals at the same time and same frequency.
5. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the smart reflector-based wireless communication transmission method of any one of claims 1 to 3 when the program is executed.
6. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, wherein the computer program when executed by a processor implements the smart reflector-based wireless communication transmission method of any one of claims 1 to 3.
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