CN115632727B - Spectrum sensing method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frequency spectrum sensing method and a frequency spectrum sensing device, wherein the frequency spectrum sensing method comprises the steps of sending a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first sending gain; based on a normal mode, receiving a mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal; generating a frequency spectrum of the target channel according to the target signal; splicing the frequency spectrums to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums through channel impulse response splicing; and based on the high-definition frequency spectrum, confirming the occupied state of the target channel. According to the invention, through an ultra-wideband technology, spectrum information in an extremely high bandwidth (the bandwidth is 500MHz-1 GHz) is acquired from a channel impulse response CIR provided by an ultra-wideband transmission module, so that the occupation state of a target channel is judged, and the technical problem that a traditional low-cost spectrum sensing method and equipment cannot sense a large bandwidth spectrum is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of spectrum sensing devices, and in particular, to a spectrum sensing method and apparatus.
Background
Spectrum sensing refers to acquiring spectrum information in a certain frequency range at a certain time, a certain place. Ultra wideband technology refers to a novel communication technology with a bandwidth exceeding 500 MHz. With the continuous growth of various communication services, the frequency spectrum gradually becomes short. To alleviate this problem, dynamic spectrum allocation policies, such as satellite communications and 5G commercial devices are beginning to be implemented for camping services on the 3-5GHz band, but some personal communications devices are allowed to use this band without affecting the camping services. In order to ensure that the camping service is not affected, spectrum management authorities need to monitor the usage of spectrum at different locations at all times. For this reason, the conventional method uses a large-scale high-precision and large-bandwidth spectrum measuring instrument such as an on-board radar to continuously patrol and detect whether the spectrum is occupied. But this approach is very costly and tends to miss areas that are not reachable by large devices.
There is a method for constructing a large-scale spectrum sensing network, that is, a plurality of low-cost spectrum sensing devices are placed at a plurality of positions in a region, and these spectrum sensing devices continuously upload spectrum data of the positions where they are located to a manager, so that the manager can acquire spectrum information in the region through data summarization. However, such low-cost spectrum sensing devices generally can only perform narrow-band spectrum sensing, for example, a spectrum sensing device based on USRP (universal software radio peripheral), can only sense spectrum information with a bandwidth of 50MHz at a time, cannot perform large-bandwidth spectrum sensing, and is easy to cause that some transient signals outside the detection bandwidth are missed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a spectrum sensing method and a spectrum sensing device, which solve the technical problem that the traditional low-cost spectrum sensing method and equipment cannot sense a large bandwidth spectrum.
In order to solve the above technical problem, a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a spectrum sensing method, including:
transmitting a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmit gain;
Based on a normal mode, receiving a mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal;
generating a frequency spectrum of the target channel according to the target signal;
Splicing the frequency spectrums of the target channels through channel impulse response splicing to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums;
and based on the high-definition frequency spectrum, confirming the occupied state of the target channel.
The spectrum sensing method, wherein the step of receiving the mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal, comprises the following steps:
And if the time for receiving the preamble signal exceeds a preset time threshold, switching the first transmission gain to a second transmission gain.
The spectrum sensing method, wherein after the step of transmitting the preamble signal on the target channel based on the first transmission gain, comprises:
based on a radar mode, a mixed signal containing the preamble signal is received and separated to obtain the target signal.
The spectrum sensing method, wherein the step of receiving the mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal to obtain the target signal based on the radar mode comprises the steps of:
acquiring a channel impulse response sampling point with the preamble signal in a first sampling length threshold based on the radar mode;
accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain the mixed signal;
separating the mixed signal to obtain the target signal;
meanwhile, judging whether the target channel is occupied or not according to the target signal;
if not, maintaining the radar mode and receiving the mixed signal;
if yes, switching to the second transmitting gain and judging whether the current measurement result is the same as the previous measurement result, and if yes, switching to the normal mode to receive the mixed signal; if not, the radar mode is maintained and the mixed signal is received.
The spectrum sensing method, wherein the step of receiving the mixed signal containing the preamble signal based on the normal mode and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal includes:
acquiring a channel impulse response sampling point with the preamble signal in a second sampling length threshold based on the normal mode;
accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain the mixed signal;
The mixed signal is separated to obtain the target signal by the fitting separation method, and meanwhile, whether the target channel is occupied or not is judged according to the target signal;
if not, switching to the radar mode and receiving the mixed signal;
If yes, the mixed signal is received in the normal mode.
The frequency spectrum sensing method comprises the steps that the mixed signal comprises a first mixed signal and a second mixed signal, the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal are respectively received by two receiving ends at the same time, and the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal comprise channel impulse response and target signals.
The spectrum sensing method, wherein the step of separating the mixed signal by the fitting separation method to obtain the target signal, and simultaneously judging whether the target channel is occupied according to the target signal comprises the following steps:
acquiring self channel impulse response, and performing curve fitting on the self channel impulse response to acquire new self channel impulse response;
Respectively performing curve fitting on the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal, and obtaining a new first mixed signal and a new second mixed signal according to the channel impulse response;
Calculating an automatic gain control scaling factor k through a constraint equation, and calculating a first target signal X1 (F) through the new self channel impulse response H (F) and the new first mixed signal F1 (F), wherein the first target signal X1 (F) = (1/a) ×F1 (F) -H (F); calculating a second target signal X2 (F) through the new self channel impulse response H (F) and the new second mixed signal F2 (F), wherein the second target signal X2 (F) = (1/a) ×f2 (F) -H (F);
Averaging the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal to obtain the final target signal;
Meanwhile, according to the target signal Mean, the maximum value Max and the total energy E, a threshold K is obtained, and if the target signal is greater than the signal threshold, the target channel is determined to be occupied; and if the target signal is smaller than or equal to the signal threshold, determining that the target channel is unoccupied, wherein the signal threshold k=2×mean× (E/MAX).
The spectrum sensing method, wherein the constraint equation is:
the spectrum sensing method, wherein the splicing the spectrum of the target channel to obtain a high-definition spectrum by channel impulse response splicing specifically includes:
Sequentially accessing adjacent target signals into a buffer pool, and performing inverse Fourier transform on the target signals in the buffer pool to obtain a periodic function;
Averaging the data x_cache (t) of the cache pool to obtain a data average value mean_cache, averaging the periodic function x (t) to obtain a periodic function average value mean_x, and scaling the data x_cache (t) to obtain a data scaling value x_cache '(t), wherein the data scaling value x_cache' (t) = (mean_x/mean_cache) = x_cache (t);
Setting the last ten data of the data scaling value x_cache '(t) as a data set C, and setting the first ten data of the data scaling value x_cache' (t) as a data set X;
acquiring a data set Cmax_C, a data set Xmax_X, a data set Cmax position index_C and a data set Xmax position index_X, and deleting data between the data set Cmax position index_C and the data set Xmax position index_X;
combining said dataset C maximum position index_c and said dataset X maximum position index_x to form a splice point, wherein said splice point has a value of (max_c+max_x)/2;
And performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the data scaling value x_cache '(t) of the cache pool to obtain the high-definition spectrum x_cache' (f).
A second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs executable by one or more processors to implement steps in a spectrum sensing method as described in any of the above.
A third aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a spectrum sensing apparatus, including:
A transmit module for transmitting a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmit gain;
the receiving module is used for receiving the mixed signal containing the preamble signal based on the normal mode and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal;
the generation module is used for generating the frequency spectrum of the target channel according to the target signal;
the splicing module is used for splicing the frequency spectrums of the target channels through channel impulse response so as to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums;
And the judging module is used for confirming the occupation state of the target channel based on the high-definition frequency spectrum. A fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal device, including: a processor, a memory, and a communication bus; the memory has stored thereon a computer readable program executable by the processor;
the communication bus realizes connection communication between the processor and the memory;
the processor, when executing the computer readable program, implements the steps in a spectrum sensing method as described in any of the above.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention provides a frequency spectrum sensing method and a frequency spectrum sensing device, wherein the frequency spectrum sensing method comprises the steps of sending a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmission gain; based on a normal mode, receiving a mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal; generating a frequency spectrum of the target channel according to the target signal; splicing the frequency spectrums to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums through channel impulse response splicing; and based on the high-definition frequency spectrum, confirming the occupied state of the target channel. According to the invention, through an ultra-wideband technology, spectrum information in an extremely high bandwidth (the bandwidth is 500MHz-1 GHz) is acquired from a channel impulse response CIR provided by an ultra-wideband transmission module, so that the occupation state of a target channel is judged, and the technical problem that a traditional low-cost spectrum sensing method and equipment cannot sense a large bandwidth spectrum is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a spectrum sensing method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of curve fitting the channel impulse response of the system itself provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of a curve fit of the channel impulse response of a mixed signal provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a new mixed signal F (F) and an automatic gain control scaled mixed signal a H (F) provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a spectrum diagram of a target signal X (f) according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a channel impulse response CIR splicing method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method of receiving mode control provided by the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of sampling points in a radar mode according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a flowchart of a transmission gain control method provided by the present invention;
Fig. 10 is a block diagram of a spectrum sensing device according to the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device provided by the present invention;
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a spectrum sensing device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the spectrum sensing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a graph of a target signal spectrum provided by the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention provides a frequency spectrum sensing method and a frequency spectrum sensing device, which are used for making the purposes, technical schemes and effects of the invention clearer and more definite, and the invention is further described in detail below by referring to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise, as understood by those skilled in the art. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or wirelessly coupled. The term "and/or" as used herein includes all or any element and all combination of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs unless defined otherwise. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
It should be noted that the ultra-wideband technology is a communication technology with extremely high bandwidth (the bandwidth is 500MHz-1 GHz), and has the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption, large bandwidth, high precision and high stability. Ultra wideband technology has grown to date quite well, which is commonly used in location, and many commercial devices have their statues, such as smartphones and the like. In addition to positioning, ultra-wideband technology is used in the field of sensing, such as sensing human breath and heartbeat, sensing material of objects, etc., because ultra-wideband technology can provide a developer with a channel impulse response CIR, which can represent the state of a current communication target channel, from which the developer can obtain current environmental information, thereby sensing the current environment, like a radar. The CIR can represent the state of the current communication target channel, and the bandwidth of the ultra-wideband device is 500MHz-1GHz.
Thus, spectral information within the 500MHz-1GHz bandwidth may be obtained from the channel impulse response CIR provided by the ultra wideband device by some design. According to this idea, a low spectrum sensing method, a storage medium and a terminal device are devised.
The invention will be further described by the description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 12, the present invention uses an ultra-wideband transceiver capable of transmitting and receiving ultra-wideband signals (bandwidth 500MHz-1 GHz), constituting an ultra-wideband transmission module and an ultra-wideband reception module of a system. External signals enter the system through the antenna, are overlapped with the preamble signals sent by the ultra-wideband sending module through the combiner, the overlapped mixed signals flow into the ultra-wideband receiving module formed by the two ultra-wideband transceivers through the power divider at the same time, the two receivers accumulate the received signals and the known preamble signals in a correlated way, and the accumulated results are transmitted to the controller. The controller can transmit data to the receiving end in a wired or wireless mode, process the data and display the result.
In the spectrum sensing method provided in this embodiment, the execution body of the spectrum sensing method may be a spectrum sensing device at a computer end or a server device integrated with the spectrum sensing device. The spectrum sensing device can be realized in a hardware or software mode. It may be appreciated that, the execution body of the embodiment may be an intelligent terminal provided with a spectrum sensing device, such as a tablet computer or a server host. For example, the server acquires a mixed signal of a target channel, acquires the target signal of the target channel according to the mixed signal, and judges whether the target channel is occupied; packaging target signals to generate spectrum segments, sequentially accessing the spectrum segments into a buffer pool, and splicing adjacent spectrum segments in the buffer pool through channel impulse response CIR to obtain a spectrum; controlling a reception mode in the next measurement according to an occupancy state of a spectrum (target channel), the reception mode including a normal mode or a radar mode; the transmission gain is set according to the occupancy state of the spectrum (target channel).
It should be noted that the above application scenario is only shown for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited in this respect. Rather, embodiments of the invention may be applied to any scenario where applicable.
Further, for further explanation of the summary of the invention, embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the spectrum sensing method provided in this embodiment specifically includes:
step S10, a preamble signal is transmitted on the target channel based on the first transmission gain.
Preferably, the preamble signal is transmitted on the target channel by the ultra wideband transmission module based on the first transmission gain, wherein the bandwidth of the ultra wideband transmission module is 500MHz-1GHz. Specifically, the ultra-wideband device communicates by transmitting a data frame consisting essentially of three parts, as shown in fig. 13, wherein the preamble signal is a known sequence defined by the Institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE, all of which are known as Institute of ELECTRICAL AND Electronics Engineers) for acquiring the channel impulse response. In the communication process, the receiving end continuously correlates the known code signal with the currently received signal to obtain the channel impulse response CIR, and accumulates the channel impulse response CIR into the register.
When there are other signals in space, such as for example 5G signals, this signal is received by the receiver together with the preamble signal and correlated and accumulated into a register. The value read from the register at this time will be a mixed signal of the channel impulse response CIR, 5G signal, the spectrum of which is shown in fig. 14, and the box is the target signal (5G signal).
Thus, it is theoretically possible to restore the spectrogram of the target signal from the mixed signal by some method.
Step S20, based on the normal mode, a mixed signal containing the preamble signal is received and separated by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal.
It should be noted that, considering that the ultra wideband device with low cost may generate some abnormal peaks with random frequencies on the frequency spectrum due to circuit noise, so as to cause misjudgment of the device. The signals are received simultaneously by both receivers, i.e. double-ended. The final measurement results take the intersection of the two receiving end measurement results, thereby increasing the reliability of the results. After receiving the mixed signal, the system selects to enter a normal mode or a radar mode according to the instruction of the mode control signal.
Preferably, based on the normal mode, the ultra-wideband receiving module receives the mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separates the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain the target signal. Wherein the bandwidth of the ultra-wideband receiving module is 500MHz-1GHz. Specifically, the spectrum X (f) of the target signal can be obtained by fitting a separation method in the normal mode.
Based on ultra wideband technology, a Channel Impulse Response (CIR) can be provided, which can represent the state of a current communication channel, and current environment information can be obtained from the Channel Impulse Response (CIR), so that the current environment is perceived as radar. Since the CIR may represent the state of the current communication channel, the bandwidths of the ultra-wideband transmission module and the ultra-wideband reception module are both 500MHz-1GHz.
Step S30, generating a frequency spectrum of a target channel according to the target signal.
Step S40, splicing the frequency spectrum of the target channel to obtain a high-definition frequency spectrum through channel impulse response splicing;
And step S50, based on the high-definition frequency spectrum, confirming the occupied state of the target channel.
Further, the step of receiving the mixed signal including the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by the fitting separation method to obtain the target signal includes:
As shown in fig. 9, if the time of receiving the preamble signal exceeds a preset time threshold, the first transmission gain is switched to the second transmission gain.
Further, the step of transmitting the preamble signal on the target channel based on the first transmission gain includes:
based on the radar mode, a mixed signal containing the preamble signal is received and separated to obtain a target signal.
Further, based on the radar mode, the step of receiving the mixed signal including the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal to obtain the target signal includes:
in the radar mode, since a higher frequency spectrum update rate is required, the signal separation is selected directly from the time domain Channel Impulse Response (CIR) and the scaling of the automatic gain control (AGC, automatic Gain Control) is obtained.
Step S201, based on a radar mode, acquiring a channel impulse response sampling point with a preamble signal in a first sampling length threshold.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 7, after the receiving end senses the spectrum data in 64us and acquires the Channel Impulse Response (CIR), the terminal needs to take 2ms to read the data of the Channel Impulse Response (CIR), and in this process, the receiving end cannot continue to sense the spectrum, which may cause missing some transient signals. For this purpose a radar mode is designed in which the device only reads 150 channel impulse response CIR samples and switches to normal mode, i.e. reads all 1016 CIR samples, when the device detects a signal present for a long time.
Specifically, in radar mode (in short packet probing), 150 Channel Impulse Response (CIR) sampling points are read. Since the direct path (FIRST PATH) of the mixed signal contains most of the energy of the channel impulse response H (f), the Channel Impulse Response (CIR) is shown in fig. 8, and the red box is the direct path, the first 120 sampling points of the direct path are selected to be read, and the last 30 sampling points including the direct path are 150 points in total, and the range of the sampling points is shown in the box of fig. 8.
Calculation of X (f): for a 150-point Channel Impulse Response (CIR), the FFT of the first 120 points of the direct path may be approximately equal to: s (f) =k X (f), the FFT comprising 30 sample points of the direct path may be approximately equal to: k is H (f). The sum P of the powers of the last 30 samples is calculated, and in radar mode (in short packet probing), the transmit power P' of the system itself is obtained as follows: k=p/P', so that X (f) = (1/k) ×s (f) can be obtained, and the X (f) obtained by the two parallel receiving ends is averaged to obtain the final target signal X (f).
If the target channel in the X (f) is occupied, judging whether the X (f) obtained by the last perception is similar to the X (f), if so, indicating that a continuous signal exists, and switching a normal mode; if not, continuing short packet detection.
Low cost ultra wideband devices may produce some frequency random outlier peaks in the frequency spectrum due to circuit noise, causing device misjudgment.
Step S202, accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain a mixed signal.
Step S203, the mixed signal is separated to obtain a target signal.
And step S204, judging whether the target channel is occupied according to the target signal.
Step S205, if not, the radar mode is maintained and the mixed signal is received.
Step S206, if yes, switching to a second transmitting gain and judging whether the current measurement result is the same as the previous measurement result, and if yes, switching to a normal mode to receive the mixed signal; if not, the radar mode is maintained and the mixed signal is received.
It should be noted that, when the receiving end needs to identify the preamble signal and then access the register, and when the external signal power is too high, the signal-to-noise ratio of the preamble signal will be lower than the limit that the receiving end can identify, so that the CIR cannot be obtained; when the power of the external signal is too small, the signal to noise ratio of the external signal is low, so that the terminal cannot separate the external signal from the mixed signal.
Limited by hardware memory space, low cost ultra wideband devices can only store a small number of Channel Impulse Response (CIR) sampling points, the ultra wideband devices used can only store 1016 sampling points, the sampling frequency spectrum of the device is 1GHz, which means that the device can only provide 1MHz of frequency spectrum resolution.
For this purpose, the power of the transmission signal is dynamically adjusted by the transmission gain control, and two transmission gains are set, a first transmission gain (transmission gain 1:0 dB) and a second transmission gain (transmission gain 2:30 dB). The gain is selected to transmit the signal, and the power is adjusted by a self-adaptive power adjustment method. Comprising the following steps: starting a receiving and transmitting end; setting a transmission power to transmit a first transmission gain (transmission gain 1:0 dB) or a second transmission gain (transmission gain 2:30 dB), wherein the transmission gain is 1 by default; transmitting a preamble signal; whether the receiving end receives overtime or not, if yes, setting a second sending gain (sending gain 2:30 dB) and retransmitting, and if not, processing received Channel Impulse Response (CIR) data; and judging whether the frequency spectrum is occupied, if so, continuing to transmit the preamble signal by using the current gain setting to perform the next measurement, and if not, setting a first transmission gain (transmission gain 1:0 dB) and performing the next detection.
Further, based on the normal mode, the step of receiving the mixed signal including the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by the fitting separation method to obtain the target signal includes:
step S207, based on the normal mode, obtaining the channel impulse response sampling point with the preamble signal in the second sampling length threshold.
Step S208, accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain a mixed signal.
Step S209, separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal, and judging whether a target channel is occupied or not according to the target signal;
step S210, if not, switching to a radar mode and receiving a mixed signal;
step S211, if yes, the current normal mode is kept to receive the mixed signal.
Further, the mixed signal includes a first mixed signal and a second mixed signal, the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal are respectively received by two receiving ends at the same time, and the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal both include a channel impulse response and a target signal.
In particular, considering that low cost ultra wideband devices may generate some abnormal peaks with random frequencies on the frequency spectrum due to circuit noise, causing misjudgment of the device. The signals are received simultaneously by both receivers, i.e. double-ended. The final measurement results take the intersection of the two receiving end measurement results, thereby increasing the reliability of the results. After receiving the mixed signal, the system can choose to enter a normal mode or a radar mode according to the instruction of the mode control signal.
Further, the step of separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal, and judging whether the target channel is occupied according to the target signal includes:
Step S2091, obtaining self channel impulse response, and performing curve fitting on self channel impulse response to obtain new self channel impulse response.
It should be noted that, a commercial ultra wideband device has an automatic gain control (AGC, automatic Gain Control) built therein, and when the power of the received signal is high, the automatic gain control (AGC, automatic Gain Control) automatically adjusts the amplitude of the received signal linearly, resulting in distortion of the amplitude of the target signal. It is necessary to find the actual scaling factor of the automatic gain control (AGC, automatic Gain Control) of the signal to restore the true signal energy.
Since the channel impulse response of the wire is relatively stable, it can be regarded as H (f) and the target signal as X (f), the frequency domain expression S (f) =h (f) +x (f) of the mixed signal shown in fig. 2. However, since the mixed signal is scaled by automatic gain control (AGC, automatic Gain Control) (automatic gain control), the actual resulting mixed signal is S (f) =k× (H (f) +x (f)) where k is an unknown automatic gain control (AGC, automatic Gain Control) scaling factor. Therefore, the known channel impulse response cannot be directly solved, and the scaling factor of the automatic gain control (AGC, automatic Gain Control) needs to be calculated before the solution is performed, and the design is as follows:
And under the condition of no external signal, the channel impulse response H (f) of the system is measured, curve fitting is carried out on the channel impulse response H (f), and the new channel impulse response is shown in figure 2.
Step S2092, performing curve fitting on the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal, and obtaining a new first mixed signal and a new second mixed signal according to the channel impulse response.
Specifically, curve fitting is performed on the mixed signal S (F) (the first mixed signal or the second mixed signal), the approximate position of the channel impulse response is determined, and a new mixed signal F (F) (the new first mixed signal F1 (F) or the new second mixed signal F2 (F))=k×h (F) +n (F), where N (F) is noise after fitting, as shown in fig. 3, is obtained according to the channel impulse response.
Step S2093, calculating an automatic gain control scaling factor k according to a constraint equation, and calculating a first target signal X1 (F) according to a new self channel impulse response H (F) and a new first mixed signal F1 (F), wherein the first target signal X1 (F) = (1/a) ×f1 (F) -H (F); a second target signal X2 (F) is calculated by the new self channel impulse response H (F) and the new second mixed signal F2 (F), wherein the second target signal X2 (F) = (1/a) F2 (F) -H (F).
That is, when a is present such that (F) -a H (F)) -2 sum F (i.e., distance of F (F) and a H (F)) is minimized, a is considered to be the scaling k of the automatic gain control (AGC, automatic Gain Control), as shown in fig. 4, the thin line is F (F), and the thick line is a H (F):
reduction target signal X (F) = (1/a) F (F) -H (F). The final result of the determination of X (f) is shown in FIG. 5.
Step S2094 averages the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal to obtain the final target signal.
Step 2095, meanwhile, according to the target signal Mean, the maximum value Max and the total energy E, a threshold K is obtained, if the target signal is greater than the signal threshold, it is determined that the target channel is occupied; if the target signal is less than or equal to the signal threshold, determining that the target channel is unoccupied, wherein the signal threshold k=2×mean× (E/MAX).
Further, the constraint equation is:
Further, the spectrum of the target channel is spliced to obtain a high-definition spectrum by channel impulse response splicing, which specifically comprises the following steps:
In step S401, as shown in fig. 6, adjacent target signals are sequentially connected to the buffer pool, and inverse fourier transform is performed on the target signals in the buffer pool, so as to obtain a periodic function.
Specifically, since the spectral resolution of the target signal X (f) is only 1MHz at this time, it is necessary to increase the spectral resolution by a method of splicing a plurality of packets. For this purpose, a buffer pool is constructed, into which new periodic functions x (t) are to be accessed, and the earliest accessed periodic function x (t) in the buffer pool is to be deleted.
The specific method is as follows, using a 4096-point cache pool, four sets of sequentially updated x (t) can be stored, and at this time, it is assumed that there is data in the cache pool.
Performing inverse Fourier transform on the target signal X (f) to obtain a periodic function X (t)
Step S402, an average value of the data x_cache (t) in the cache pool is calculated to obtain a data average value mean_cache, an average value of the periodic function mean_x is calculated to obtain a periodic function average value mean_x, and scaling is performed on the data x_cache (t) to obtain a data scaling value x_cache '(t), wherein the data scaling value x_cache' (t) = (mean_x/mean_cache) ×x_cache (t).
Specifically, the data is scaled and aligned: mean_cache is calculated for data in the cache pool, and mean_x is calculated for x (t). Assuming that the data in the cache pool is x_cache (t), scaling the data in the cache pool by x_cache' (t) = (mean_x/mean_cache) × x_cache (t).
In step S403, the last ten data scaling values x_cache '(t) are set as data set C, and the first ten data scaling values x_cache' (t) are set as data set X.
Step S404, acquiring a data set Cmax_C, a data set Xmax_X, a data set Cmax position index_C and a data set X Max position index_X, and deleting data between the data set Cmax position index_C and the data set X Max position index_X;
Step S405, combining the data set C maximum position index_C and the data set X maximum position index_X to form a splice point, wherein the value of the splice point is (Max_C+Max_X)/2.
Specifically, the phase alignment is that the data set C is set as ten numbers behind x_cache' (t), the data set X is set as ten numbers in front of X (t), the data set C, the maximum values Max_C and Max_X of the data set X are found, and the positions corresponding to the maximum values are found: index_C and index_X. And deleting the data after the index_C and before the index_X, and combining the index_C and the index_X to form a splicing point, wherein the value corresponding to the splicing point is (Max_C+Max_X)/2.
Step S406, performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the data scaling value x_cache '(t) of the cache pool to obtain a high-definition frequency spectrum x_cache' (f);
in some embodiments, a 4096-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is performed on the data scaling value x_cache '(t) of the cache pool, resulting in a high-definition spectrum x_cache' (f) with a resolution of 250 KHz.
In summary, the present embodiment provides a spectrum sensing method and apparatus, which includes transmitting a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmission gain; based on the normal mode, receiving a mixed signal containing a preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal; generating a frequency spectrum of a target channel according to the target signal; splicing the frequency spectrums to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums through channel impulse response splicing; and based on the high-definition frequency spectrum, confirming the occupied state of the target channel. According to the invention, through an ultra-wideband technology, spectrum information in an extremely high bandwidth (the bandwidth is 500MHz-1 GHz) is acquired from a channel impulse response CIR provided by an ultra-wideband transmission module, so that the occupation state of a target channel is judged, and the technical problem that a traditional low-cost spectrum sensing method and equipment cannot sense a large bandwidth spectrum is solved. The technical problem that the traditional low-cost spectrum sensing equipment can only perform narrow-band spectrum sensing and is easy to cause missing of some instantaneous signals outside the detection bandwidth is solved.
In order to better implement the above method, the embodiment of the present application further provides a spectrum sensing apparatus 100, which may be specifically integrated in an electronic device, where the electronic device may be a terminal, a server, a personal computer, or other devices. For example, in this embodiment, the apparatus may include: the transmitting module 101, the receiving module 102, the generating module 103, the splicing module 104 and the judging module 105 are specifically as follows (as shown in fig. 10):
(1) A transmit module for transmitting a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmit gain;
(2) The receiving module is used for receiving the mixed signal containing the preamble signal based on the normal mode and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal;
(3) The generating module is used for generating a frequency spectrum of a target channel according to the target signal;
(4) The splicing module is used for splicing the frequency spectrums of the target channels through channel impulse response so as to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums;
(5) And the judging module is used for confirming the occupation state of the target channel based on the high-definition frequency spectrum.
In some embodiments, a spectrum sensing apparatus 100 includes a transmitting module 101, a receiving module 102, a generating module 103, a splicing module 104, and a judging module 105, where the transmitting module sends a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmission gain; the receiving module receives the mixed signal containing the preamble signal based on the normal mode and separates the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal; the generating module generates a frequency spectrum of a target channel according to the target signal; the splicing module is used for splicing the frequency spectrums of the target channels through channel impulse response so as to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums; the judging module confirms the occupied state of the target channel based on the high-definition frequency spectrum.
Preferably, the hardware design is as shown in fig. 12, and the ultra-wideband transceiver capable of receiving and transmitting ultra-wideband signals comprises an ultra-wideband transmitting module and an ultra-wideband receiving module of the system. External signals enter the system through the antenna, are overlapped with the preamble signals sent by the ultra-wideband sending module through the combiner, the overlapped mixed signals flow into the ultra-wideband receiving module formed by the two ultra-wideband transceivers through the power divider at the same time, the two receivers accumulate the received signals and the known preamble signals in a correlated way, and the accumulated results are transmitted to the controller. The controller can transmit data to the receiving end in a wired or wireless mode, process the data and display the result. And the terminal performs data processing and other operations so as to obtain the frequency spectrum of the target signal. Two parallel working receiving ends are arranged, and the final measurement result takes the intersection of the two receiving end measurement results, so that the reliability of the result is improved.
In the implementation, each unit may be implemented as an independent entity, or may be implemented as the same entity or several entities in any combination, and the implementation of each unit may be referred to the foregoing method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or a portion of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments may be performed by instructions, or by instructions controlling associated hardware, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor.
Based on the above spectrum sensing method, the present embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs executable by one or more processors to implement the steps in the spectrum sensing method as in the above embodiment. The method comprises the following specific steps:
transmitting a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmit gain;
based on the normal mode, receiving a mixed signal containing a preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal;
Generating a frequency spectrum of a target channel according to the target signal;
splicing the frequency spectrum of the target channel to obtain a high-definition frequency spectrum through channel impulse response splicing;
and based on the high-definition frequency spectrum, confirming the occupied state of the target channel.
In some embodiments, the step of receiving the mixed signal including the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain the target signal includes, prior to:
and if the time for receiving the preamble signal exceeds a preset time threshold, switching the first transmission gain to the second transmission gain.
In some embodiments, the step of transmitting the preamble signal on the target channel based on the first transmit gain comprises:
based on the radar mode, a mixed signal containing the preamble signal is received and separated to obtain a target signal.
In some embodiments, based on the radar mode, the step of receiving a mixed signal including the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal into the target signal comprises:
Acquiring channel impulse response sampling points with preamble signals in a first sampling length threshold based on a radar mode;
accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain a mixed signal;
separating the mixed signal to obtain a target signal;
meanwhile, judging whether a target channel is occupied or not according to the target signal;
If not, the radar mode is maintained and the mixed signal is received;
If yes, switching to a second transmitting gain and judging whether the current measurement result is the same as the previous measurement result, and if yes, switching to a normal mode to receive the mixed signal; if not, the radar mode is maintained and the mixed signal is received.
In some embodiments, the step of receiving the mixed signal including the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method based on the normal mode includes:
Acquiring channel impulse response sampling points with preamble signals in a second sampling length threshold based on a normal mode;
accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain a mixed signal;
The mixed signal is separated by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal, and whether a target channel is occupied or not is judged according to the target signal;
If not, switching to a radar mode and receiving a mixed signal;
if yes, the mixed signal is received in the current normal mode.
In some embodiments, the mixed signal includes a first mixed signal and a second mixed signal, where the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal are respectively received by two receiving ends at the same time, and the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal each include a channel impulse response and a target signal.
In some embodiments, the step of separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal, and determining whether the target channel is occupied according to the target signal includes:
Acquiring self channel impulse response, and performing curve fitting on the self channel impulse response to acquire new self channel impulse response;
Respectively performing curve fitting on the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal, and obtaining a new first mixed signal and a new second mixed signal according to channel impulse response;
Calculating an automatic gain control scaling factor k through a constraint equation, and calculating a first target signal X1 (F) through a new self channel impulse response H (F) and a new first mixed signal F1 (F), wherein the first target signal X1 (F) = (1/a) ×F1 (F) -H (F); calculating a second target signal X2 (F) through a new self channel impulse response H (F) and a new second mixed signal F2 (F), wherein the second target signal X2 (F) = (1/a) F2 (F) -H (F);
averaging the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal to obtain a final target signal;
meanwhile, according to the target signal Mean, the maximum value Max and the total energy E, a threshold K is obtained, and if the target signal is greater than the signal threshold, the target channel is determined to be occupied; if the target signal is less than or equal to the signal threshold, determining that the target channel is unoccupied, wherein the signal threshold k=2×mean× (E/MAX).
In some embodiments, the constraint equation is:
In some embodiments, the spectrum of the target channel is spliced to obtain a high-definition spectrum by channel impulse response splicing, which specifically includes:
sequentially accessing adjacent target signals into a buffer pool, and performing inverse Fourier transform on the target signals in the buffer pool to obtain a periodic function;
Averaging the data x_cache (t) of the cache pool to obtain a data average value mean_cache, averaging the periodic function x (t) to obtain a periodic function average value mean_x, and scaling the data x_cache (t) to obtain a data scaling value x_cache' (t), wherein the data scaling value is equal to the data scaling value of the cache pool, and the data scaling value is equal to the data scaling value of the cache pool, wherein the data scaling value is equal to the data scaling value of the cache pool
x_cache’(t)＝(Mean_x/Mean_cache)*x_cache(t)；
Setting the last ten numbers of the data scaling values x_cache '(t) as a data set C, and setting the first ten numbers of the data scaling values x_cache' (t) as a data set X;
Acquiring a data set Cmax_C, a data set Xmax_X, a data set Cmax position index_C and a data set Xmax position index_X, and deleting data between the data set Cmax position index_C and the data set Xmax position index_X;
Combining the data set C maximum position index_c and the data set X maximum position index_x to form a splice point, wherein the value of the splice point is (max_c+max_x)/2;
and performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the data scaling value x_cache '(t) of the cache pool to obtain a high-definition frequency spectrum x_cache' (f).
Based on the above spectrum sensing method, the present invention also provides a terminal device, as shown in fig. 11, which includes at least one processor (processor) 20; a display screen 21; and a memory (memory) 22, which may also include a communication interface (Communications Interface) 23 and a bus 24. Wherein the processor 20, the display 21, the memory 22 and the communication interface 23 may communicate with each other via a bus 24. The display screen 21 is configured to display a user guidance interface preset in the initial setting mode. The communication interface 23 may transmit information. The processor 20 may invoke logic instructions in the memory 22 to perform the methods of the embodiments described above.
Further, the logic instructions in the memory 22 described above may be implemented in the form of software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when sold or used as a stand alone product.
The memory 22, as a computer readable storage medium, may be configured to store a software program, a computer executable program, such as program instructions or modules corresponding to the methods in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The processor 20 performs functional applications and data processing, i.e. implements the methods of the embodiments described above, by running software programs, instructions or modules stored in the memory 22.
The memory 22 may include a storage program area that may store an operating system, at least one application program required for functions, and a storage data area; the storage data area may store data created according to the use of the terminal device, etc. In addition, the memory 22 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include nonvolatile memory. For example, a plurality of media capable of storing program codes such as a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or a transitory storage medium may be used.
In addition, the specific processes that the storage medium and the plurality of instruction processors in the mobile terminal load and execute are described in detail in the above method, and are not stated here.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: a spectrum sensing method and apparatus, wherein, include sending the preamble signal on the goal channel based on the first transmission gain; based on the normal mode, receiving a mixed signal containing a preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal; generating a frequency spectrum of a target channel according to the target signal; splicing the frequency spectrums to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums through channel impulse response splicing; and based on the high-definition frequency spectrum, confirming the occupied state of the target channel. According to the invention, through an ultra-wideband technology, spectrum information in an extremely high bandwidth (the bandwidth is 500MHz-1 GHz) is acquired from a channel impulse response CIR provided by an ultra-wideband transmission module, so that the occupation state of a target channel is judged, and the technical problem that a traditional low-cost spectrum sensing method and equipment cannot sense a large bandwidth spectrum is solved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method of spectrum sensing, the method comprising:
transmitting a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmit gain;
Based on a normal mode, receiving a mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal;
generating a frequency spectrum of the target channel according to the target signal;
Splicing the frequency spectrums of the target channels through channel impulse response splicing to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums;
based on the high-definition spectrum, confirming the occupation state of the target channel;
or based on a radar mode, receiving a mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal to obtain the target signal, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a channel impulse response sampling point with the preamble signal in a first sampling length threshold based on the radar mode;
accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain the mixed signal;
separating the mixed signal to obtain the target signal;
meanwhile, judging whether the target channel is occupied or not according to the target signal;
if not, maintaining the radar mode and receiving the mixed signal;
If yes, switching to a second transmitting gain and judging whether the current measurement result is the same as the previous measurement result, and if yes, switching to a normal mode to receive the mixed signal; if not, the radar mode is maintained and the mixed signal is received.
2. The spectrum sensing method according to claim 1, wherein the step of receiving the mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain the target signal is preceded by:
And if the time for receiving the preamble signal exceeds a preset time threshold, switching the first transmission gain to a second transmission gain.
3. The spectrum sensing method according to claim 1, wherein the step of receiving the mixed signal including the preamble signal based on the normal mode and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain the target signal comprises:
acquiring a channel impulse response sampling point with the preamble signal in a second sampling length threshold based on the normal mode;
accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain the mixed signal;
The mixed signal is separated to obtain the target signal by the fitting separation method, and meanwhile, whether the target channel is occupied or not is judged according to the target signal;
if not, switching to the radar mode and receiving the mixed signal;
If yes, the mixed signal is received in the normal mode.
4. A spectrum sensing method according to claim 3, wherein the mixed signal comprises a first mixed signal and a second mixed signal, the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal are respectively received by two receiving ends at the same time, and the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal each comprise a channel impulse response and a target signal.
5. The spectrum sensing method of claim 4, wherein the step of separating the mixed signal by the fitting separation method to obtain the target signal, and determining whether the target channel is occupied according to the target signal comprises:
acquiring self channel impulse response, and performing curve fitting on the self channel impulse response to acquire new self channel impulse response;
Respectively performing curve fitting on the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal, and obtaining a new first mixed signal and a new second mixed signal according to the channel impulse response;
calculating an automatic gain control scaling factor k through a constraint equation, and calculating a first target signal X1 (F) through the new self channel impulse response H (F) and the new first mixed signal F1 (F), wherein the first target signal X1 (F) = (1/a) F1 (F) -H (F), and when a makes the sum of (F (F) -a X H (F))2 to F minimum, considering a as the automatic gain control scaling factor k; calculating a second target signal X2 (F) through the new self channel impulse response H (F) and the new second mixed signal F2 (F), wherein the second target signal X2 (F) = (1/a) ×f2 (F) -H (F);
Averaging the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal to obtain the final target signal;
Meanwhile, according to the target signal Mean, the maximum value Max and the total energy E, a signal threshold K is obtained, and if the target signal is greater than the signal threshold, the target channel is determined to be occupied; and if the target signal is smaller than or equal to the signal threshold, determining that the target channel is unoccupied, wherein the signal threshold k=2×mean× (E/MAX).
6. The spectrum sensing method according to claim 1, wherein the splicing the spectrum of the target channel to obtain the high-definition spectrum by channel impulse response splicing specifically includes:
Sequentially accessing adjacent target signals into a buffer pool, and performing inverse Fourier transform on the target signals in the buffer pool to obtain a periodic function;
Averaging the data x_cache (t) of the cache pool to obtain a data average value mean_cache, averaging the periodic function x (t) to obtain a periodic function average value mean_x, and scaling the data x_cache (t) to obtain a data scaling value x_cache '(t), wherein the data scaling value x_cache' (t) = (mean_x/mean_cache) = x_cache (t);
Setting the last ten data of the data scaling value x_cache '(t) as a data set C, and setting the first ten data of the data scaling value x_cache' (t) as a data set X;
acquiring a data set Cmax_C, a data set Xmax_X, a data set Cmax position index_C and a data set Xmax position index_X, and deleting data between the data set Cmax position index_C and the data set Xmax position index_X;
Combining said dataset C maximum position index_c and said dataset X maximum position index_x to form a splice point, wherein said splice point has a value of (max_c+max_x)/2;
And performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the data scaling value x_cache '(t) of the cache pool to obtain the high-definition spectrum x_cache' (f).
7. A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs executable by one or more processors to implement the steps of a spectrum sensing method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A spectrum sensing apparatus, comprising:
A transmit module for transmitting a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmit gain;
the receiving module is used for receiving the mixed signal containing the preamble signal based on the normal mode and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal;
or based on a radar mode, receiving a mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal to obtain the target signal, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a channel impulse response sampling point with the preamble signal in a first sampling length threshold based on the radar mode;
accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain the mixed signal;
separating the mixed signal to obtain the target signal;
meanwhile, judging whether the target channel is occupied or not according to the target signal;
if not, maintaining the radar mode and receiving the mixed signal;
if yes, switching to a second transmitting gain and judging whether the current measurement result is the same as the previous measurement result, and if yes, switching to a normal mode to receive the mixed signal; if not, maintaining the radar mode and receiving the mixed signal;
the generation module is used for generating the frequency spectrum of the target channel according to the target signal;
the splicing module is used for splicing the frequency spectrums of the target channels through channel impulse response so as to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums;
and the judging module is used for confirming the occupation state of the target channel based on the high-definition frequency spectrum.
9. A terminal device, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a communication bus; the memory has stored thereon a computer readable program executable by the processor;
the communication bus realizes connection communication between the processor and the memory;
The processor, when executing the computer readable program, implements the steps of the spectrum sensing method as claimed in any of claims 1-6.
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| CN109743270B (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2021-04-20 | 重庆邮电大学 | Channel estimation method based on 5G multi-user multiplexing |
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