CN115615878B - Automatic saturation device of high-range tensiometer and saturation manufacturing method - Google Patents
Automatic saturation device of high-range tensiometer and saturation manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115615878B CN115615878B CN202211170542.4A CN202211170542A CN115615878B CN 115615878 B CN115615878 B CN 115615878B CN 202211170542 A CN202211170542 A CN 202211170542A CN 115615878 B CN115615878 B CN 115615878B
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic saturation device of a high-range tensiometer and a saturation manufacturing method. The air compressor is connected with one end of a gas-liquid booster through a positive pressure pneumatic pressure regulating valve and a two-position five-way pneumatic electromagnetic valve, the other end of the gas-liquid booster is connected with one end of a pressure transmitter through a liquid pressure reducing valve and a positive pressure way electromagnetic water valve, the other end of the pressure transmitter is communicated with a tensiometer saturator, the tensiometer is arranged on the tensiometer saturator, a vacuum pump is connected with the top of a vacuum water tank through a vacuum pneumatic pressure regulating valve and a negative pressure way switch electromagnetic valve, the bottom of the vacuum water tank is connected with one end of the pressure transmitter through a negative pressure way electromagnetic water valve, the opening and closing states of the pneumatic electromagnetic valve and the electromagnetic water valve are controlled by a programmable controller, and the tensiometer is arranged at the top of the clay head dryer; the method comprises the steps of clay head drying, initial saturation, pre-pressing circulation saturation and tensiometer calibration. The invention can automatically realize the rapid and reliable saturation of the high-range tensiometer, has simple logic and low manufacturing cost, and effectively improves the use convenience of the tensiometer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automatic saturation device and a saturation manufacturing method in the technical field of soil matrix suction monitoring equipment, in particular to an automatic saturation device and a saturation manufacturing method for a high-range tensiometer.
Background
Natural earth is usually in an unsaturated state, especially in arid and semiarid regions. Under the action of environmental load (such as rainfall, evaporation, etc.) and external load (irrigation, infiltration, etc.), its engineering properties, especially soil-water characteristics (unsaturated soil suction and humidity state) can be changed. The method accurately measures or controls the most basic and most critical technology in unsaturated soil mechanics research, and has important significance for predicting unsaturated soil seepage, body change and strength characteristics and ensuring the safe and high-performance service of geotechnical infrastructure. At present, the most rapid and reliable direct suction monitoring method is a tensiometer monitoring method. However, the range of the common tensiometer is about 0-90kPa, and the water in the cavity is easy to be gasified under the action of high tension, so that the high suction force cannot be measured. Therefore, measuring the suction of drier field soil requires the use of a high range tensiometer.
The high-range tensiometer mainly comprises a pressure sensor body, a miniature water cavity and a high air inlet value clay head, and utilizes the tensile capacity of a water film in the miniature water cavity to transfer matrix suction force. Typically, pure water can have a tensile strength exceeding 1500kPa, whereas cavitation occurs as soon as small bubbles (cavitation nuclei) occur in the water cavity, the tensile strength of the water film in a metastable state will drop rapidly to about 100 kPa. Therefore, in order to avoid air entering the water cavity under the condition of high soil suction and destroy the tensile capacity of the water film, a clay head with high air inlet value needs to be arranged outside the miniature water cavity.
The high air intake value clay head pore size used in the high range tensiometer is small, for example, the 3Bar air intake value clay head maximum pore diameter is only about 0.7 μm. In the case of such small pore diameters, a simple one-step vacuum or pre-compaction saturation method cannot allow all the tiny bubbles in the clay head to escape, and the water film can cavitate under a matrix suction force of more than 100 kPa. At present, an effective high-range tensiometer saturation method uses a two-stage saturation method of initial saturation and pre-compression cyclic saturation. The water pressure required in the pre-pressing circulation saturation stage is high and reaches 1-4 MPa, and high requirements are set for the material of the saturated pressure container; in addition, the research shows that the more the number of cycles in the pre-pressing cycle saturation stage is, the better the clay head saturation effect is, and the positive pressure-vacuum process of single pre-pressing cycle saturation is always set to last for a plurality of hours, so that the completion of one cycle is very time-consuming, and the switching process is more inconvenient if the switching process is manually executed. Chinese patent CN103940975a discloses a simple device for saturation of tensiometer, although it also adopts two-stage saturation method, specifically designed saturation operation does not solve the problems of high saturation water pressure, time and effort for manually switching positive and negative water pressures in the saturation process, and even the pre-pressing process needs to be continued for up to 48 hours. The complex saturation process greatly limits the application of the high-range tensiometer in the field of unsaturated soil suction monitoring.
Therefore, the prior art lacks a saturation device capable of automatically, rapidly and reliably saturating a high-range tensiometer and a saturation method matched with the saturation device.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention aims to design a saturation device capable of automatically, rapidly and reliably saturating a high-range tensiometer and a saturation method matched with the saturation device. According to the invention, by introducing the gas-liquid pressurizer and the programmable controller, a matched saturation system and a tensiometer saturator are designed, so that the rapid and reliable saturation of the high-range tensiometer can be automatically realized, the logic is simple, and compared with the traditional manual saturation operation, the method has the advantages of time and labor saving.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1. an automatic saturation device of a high-range tensiometer:
the device comprises an air compressor, a vacuum pump, a positive pressure pneumatic pressure regulating valve, a vacuum pneumatic pressure regulating valve, a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve, a positive pressure way electromagnetic water valve, a negative pressure way switching electromagnetic valve, a negative pressure way exhaust electromagnetic valve, a negative pressure way electromagnetic water valve, a liquid pressure reducing valve, a gas-liquid booster, a vacuum water tank, a pressure transmitter and a tension meter saturator;
the air compressor is connected with the air pressure input end of the air-liquid booster through a pipeline, a positive pressure pneumatic pressure regulating valve and a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve are sequentially arranged on the pipeline from the air compressor to the air-liquid booster, the water pressure output end of the air-liquid booster is connected with one end of the pressure transmitter through the pipeline, a liquid pressure reducing valve and a positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve are sequentially arranged on the pipeline from the air-liquid booster to the pressure transmitter, the other end of the pressure transmitter is communicated with the tension meter saturator through the pipeline, and the tension meter is arranged on the tension meter saturator;
The vacuum pump is connected with the top of the vacuum water tank through a pipeline, a vacuum pneumatic pressure regulating valve and a negative pressure path switch electromagnetic valve are sequentially arranged on the pipeline from the vacuum pump to the vacuum water tank, the top of the vacuum water tank is communicated with the outside atmosphere through the pipeline and a negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve, airless water is filled in the vacuum water tank, the bottom of the vacuum water tank is connected with one end of the pressure transmitter through the pipeline, and a negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve is arranged on the pipeline from the vacuum water tank to the pressure transmitter.
The intelligent air-conditioning system further comprises a programmable controller, wherein the electric input ends of the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve, the positive pressure way electromagnetic water valve, the negative pressure way switch electromagnetic valve, the negative pressure way exhaust electromagnetic valve and the negative pressure way electromagnetic water valve are respectively connected with the electric output port of the programmable controller.
The tensiometer saturator is a single tensiometer saturator A or a tensiometer saturator group B; the single tension meter saturator A mainly comprises two symmetrical eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates, an acrylic cavity and a counter-pulling screw rod, wherein the two eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates are arranged at intervals in parallel, the acrylic cavity is arranged between the two eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates, the two eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates are connected with a bolt through the counter-pulling screw rod, the eccentric thread perforated aluminum plate at one end of the acrylic cavity is communicated with one end of a pressure transmitter through a hard PA pipe, the hard PA pipe is fixed with the eccentric thread perforated aluminum plate in a sealing manner through a clamping sleeve joint, the eccentric thread perforated aluminum plate at the other end of the acrylic cavity is provided with an eccentric threaded hole, and the tension meter penetrates through the eccentric threaded hole of the eccentric thread perforated aluminum plate to be inserted into the other end of the acrylic cavity in a sealing manner and is fixed through a tension meter fixing mechanism.
The tension meter mainly comprises a clay head and a pressure sensor, wherein a groove is formed in a port of a detection end of the pressure sensor, a diaphragm of the pressure sensor is arranged below the groove, the clay head is mounted and fixed in the groove of the port of the pressure sensor in a sealing mode, the bottom of the clay head is tightly attached to the annular projection, the annular projection between the clay head and the diaphragm of the pressure sensor is a miniature water chamber, and the pressure sensor penetrates through an eccentric thread perforated aluminum plate of a saturator of the tension meter to be inserted into an inner cavity of an acrylic cavity, so that the end face of the clay head extends into the inner cavity of the acrylic cavity.
The clay head dryer comprises a dryer shell, a heater, a fan, a probe type temperature controller and a tensiometer fixed joint; the heater is arranged at the bottom of the inside of the dryer shell, the fan is fixedly connected to one side surface of the dryer shell, the vent hole groove is formed in the other side surface of the dryer shell, and the probe type temperature controller and the tensiometer fixed joint are fixedly connected to the top of the dryer shell; the tensiometer is arranged at the top of the dryer shell of the clay head dryer through a tensiometer fixed joint.
In the single tension meter saturator A, foot pads are fixedly arranged at the ends of four opposite-pulling screws close to one side of a tension meter fixing mechanism; the tension meter saturator group B mainly comprises a plurality of single tension meter saturators A, and the plurality of single tension meter saturators A are parallelly fixed on the same L-shaped panel through welding or threaded connection.
2. A tensiometer saturation manufacturing method suitable for the automatic saturation device of the high-range tensiometer comprises the following steps:
step 1, clay head drying
Fixing the tensiometer on a clay head dryer, and starting the clay head dryer to enable the clay head in the tensiometer to exchange moisture with air in the clay head dryer for drying;
in the step 1, in the drying process, the upper limit temperature and the lower limit temperature of the drying are controlled to be 41 ℃ and 39 ℃ respectively, and the following drying time is set simultaneously:
if the clay head is initially in a state of indoor long-term air drying, the drying time is 30 minutes;
if the clay head is in a wet state initially, the drying time is 2 hours;
step 2, initial saturation
Firstly, a tensiometer is taken down from a clay head dryer and then is arranged on a tensiometer saturator, airless water with at most half of the whole volume is pre-filled in an acrylic cavity, the tensiometer saturator is horizontally arranged, an eccentric through hole of an eccentric threaded perforated aluminum plate is positioned on the upper side of the central axis of the acrylic cavity, and finally the clay head is in non-contact with the water;
then, closing the positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve, opening the negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve and the vacuum pump, continuously vacuumizing for a period of time by utilizing the vacuum pump to enable the inner cavity of the acrylic cavity and the pipeline to be in a vacuum state, and then vertically placing the tensiometer saturator to enable the airless water to submerge the clay head of the tensiometer, continuously vacuumizing for a period of time, and completing an initial saturation process;
Step 3, pre-pressing circulation saturation
Respectively controlling the opening and closing of the positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve and the negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve to perform a pre-pressing circulation saturation process;
step 4, tensiometer calibration
And sequentially performing two steps of data acquisition calibration and free evaporation test.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 31, firstly closing a negative pressure path switch electromagnetic valve, and then opening a negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve for a period of time, so that external air enters the vacuum water tank to push original airless water in the vacuum water tank to supplement airless water into an acrylic cavity and a pipeline which are not filled with water;
32, closing a negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve and a negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve, opening an air compressor after an acrylic cavity and a pipeline are filled with airless water, and then opening a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve and a positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve, wherein compressed air generated by the air compressor is input into a gas-liquid supercharger to push a cylinder of the gas-liquid supercharger to act forwards to apply positive water pressure to the pipeline, and starting a positive water pressure saturation process for a period of time;
step 33, after the positive water pressure saturation process, closing a positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve, opening a negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve and a negative pressure path switching electromagnetic valve, and continuously vacuumizing for a period of time at the maximum vacuum degree by utilizing a vacuum pump, so that the inner cavity of the acrylic cavity and the pipeline are in a vacuum state, and starting the negative water pressure saturation process for a period of time;
And step 34, forming a pre-pressing circulation saturation process by sequentially performing a positive water pressure saturation process and a negative water pressure saturation process, and repeating the pre-pressing circulation saturation process at least twice.
The step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 41, closing a positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve and a negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve, opening a negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve and a vacuum pump, regulating a vacuum pressure regulating valve to enable the air pressure in a tension meter saturator to be discharged back to the atmospheric pressure, recording the air pressure value of a pressure transmitter and the output voltage of a pressure sensor of the tension meter at the moment, and calibrating according to the air pressure value of the pressure transmitter to obtain a corresponding hydrostatic pressure value;
the hydrostatic pressure value is obtained by correcting and calibrating the air pressure value of the pressure transmitter according to the water level height in the acrylic cavity;
step 42, regulating the output negative pressure of the vacuum pump through a vacuum pressure regulating valve, controlling the vacuum degree in the tensiometer saturator to be gradually increased, and finally increasing to the maximum vacuum degree which can be output by the vacuum pump, recording the air pressure value of the pressure transmitter and the output voltage of the pressure sensor of the tensiometer when each vacuum degree is at each level, and calibrating according to the air pressure value of the pressure transmitter to obtain corresponding hydrostatic pressure;
and 43, carrying out linear fitting regression on the output voltage and the hydrostatic pressure of the pressure sensor under the atmospheric pressure and different vacuum levels to obtain the corresponding relation between the output voltage and the hydrostatic pressure of the pressure sensor, and carrying out the following judgment:
If the linear fitting goodness R 2 If the pressure is greater than or equal to 0.95, the tensiometer can normally work within the pressure range of 0 to-100 kPa, and the next step of verification is performed in step 44;
if the linear fitting goodness R 2 If the tension meter is smaller than 0.95, the tension meter does not work normally, the manufacture is unqualified, and the saturation manufacture treatment of the tension meter is needed to be carried out again from the step 1;
step 44, taking the tensiometer out of the tensiometer saturator, rapidly wiping off excessive moisture on the surface of the clay head by using wet cloth, and placing the tensiometer in air for free evaporation; in the free evaporation process, the output voltage acquired in real time by the pressure sensor is converted according to the linear relation obtained in the step 43 to obtain a corresponding pressure reading, and the following judgment is carried out:
if the pressure reading is reduced to below-100 kPa, the tensiometer works normally, the manufacture is qualified, and the tensiometer is placed back into airless water for standby;
if the pressure reading cannot be reduced below-100 kPa, the tensiometer does not work normally, the manufacture is not qualified, and the tensiometer saturation manufacture treatment is needed to be carried out again from the step 1.
In the step 3, after the first pre-pressing and circulating saturation process is finished, before the second pre-pressing and circulating saturation process is carried out, a programmable controller controls a negative pressure path switch electromagnetic valve to be closed and a negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve to be opened, and then step 31 is carried out, and airless water is supplemented into the pipeline by the vacuum water tank.
The invention can be used for the quick and reliable saturation of the high-range tensiometer, and has great value for reducing the saturation use difficulty and complexity of the high-range tensiometer. The invention provides a complete high-range tensiometer saturation method, except that manual operation is needed in the early stage of the initial saturation process, other saturation steps are automatically completed by controlling all electromagnetic valves by a programmable controller, so that the saturation time is greatly shortened, and the positive water pressure required by saturation is reduced.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention can automatically, quickly and reliably saturate the high-range tensiometer, reduces the positive water pressure and the saturation time required by saturation, and greatly improves the use convenience of the high-range tensiometer.
2. The gas-liquid booster is adopted to apply the positive water pressure required by the saturation process, so that the problem of gas dissolution is avoided, the pressure regulating range is flexible, the electromagnetic valve is convenient to control, and the cost is low.
3. The design of the tensiometer saturator for saturation of the single tensiometer and the plurality of tensiometers is provided, and the device erection operation difficulty under the condition of different tension count amounts in the saturation process is reduced.
4. The saturation device provided by the invention has the advantages of small volume, high assembly degree of parts and convenience in installation and use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an automated saturation apparatus for a high range tensiometer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a one-piece tensiometer saturator;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tensiometer saturator group;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a clay head dryer;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a tensiometer configuration;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a full saturation calibration process.
In the figure: 1. an air compressor; 2. a vacuum pump; 3. a positive pressure pneumatic pressure regulating valve; 4. a vacuum pneumatic pressure regulating valve; 5. two-position five-way electromagnetic valve; 6. positive pressure electromagnetic water valve; 7. a negative pressure path switch electromagnetic valve; 8. a negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve; 9. negative pressure way electromagnetic water valve; 10. a gas-liquid pressurizer; 11. a vacuum water tank; 12. a liquid pressure reducing valve; 13. a programmable controller; 14. a pressure transmitter; 15. a tensiometer saturator; 1501. an eccentric thread perforated aluminum plate; 1502. an acrylic cavity; 1503. a counter-pulling screw; 1504. a ferrule joint; 1505. a hard PA tube; 1506. a tensiometer fixing mechanism; 1507. foot pads; 1508. an L-shaped panel; 15A, a single body tensiometer saturator; 15B, a tensiometer saturator set; 16. a clay head dryer; 1601. a dryer housing; 1602. a heater; 1603. a fan; 1604. a probe type temperature controller; 1605. a tensiometer fixed joint; 17. a tensiometer; 1701. a clay head; 1702. a miniature water cavity; 1703. a pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the implementation steps.
As shown in fig. 1, the automatic saturation device comprises an air compressor 1, a vacuum pump 2, a positive pressure pneumatic pressure regulating valve 3, a vacuum pneumatic pressure regulating valve 4, a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve 5, a positive pressure electromagnetic water valve 6, a negative pressure on-off electromagnetic valve 7, a negative pressure exhaust electromagnetic valve 8, a negative pressure electromagnetic water valve 9, a liquid pressure reducing valve 12, a gas-liquid booster 10, a vacuum water tank 11, a pressure transmitter 14 and a tensiometer saturator 15;
the air compressor 1 is connected with the air pressure input end of the air-liquid booster 10 through a pipeline, a positive pressure pneumatic pressure regulating valve 3 and a two-position five-way pneumatic electromagnetic valve 5 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline from the air compressor 1 to the air-liquid booster 10, the water pressure output end of the air-liquid booster 10 is connected with one end of the pressure transmitter 14 through a pipeline, a liquid pressure reducing valve 12 and a positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve 6 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline from the air-liquid booster 10 to the pressure transmitter 14, the other end of the pressure transmitter 14 is communicated with the tension meter saturator 15 through a pipeline, and the tension meter 17 is arranged on the tension meter saturator 15;
the vacuum pump 2 is connected with the top of the vacuum water tank 11 through a pipeline, the pipeline from the vacuum pump 2 to the vacuum water tank 11 is sequentially provided with a vacuum pneumatic pressure regulating valve 4 and a negative pressure path switch electromagnetic valve 7, the top of the vacuum water tank 11 is communicated with the outside atmosphere through a pipeline and a negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve 8, airless water is filled in the vacuum water tank 11 in advance, the bottom of the vacuum water tank 11 is connected with one end of a pressure transmitter 14 through a pipeline, and the pipeline from the vacuum water tank 11 to the pressure transmitter 14 is provided with a negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve 9.
The automatic saturation device also comprises a programmable controller 13, and the electric input ends of the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve 5, the positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve 6, the negative pressure path switch electromagnetic valve 7, the negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve 8 and the negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve 9 are connected with the electric output port of the programmable controller 13.
The air compressor 1 and the vacuum pump 2 respectively provide a positive pressure source and a negative pressure source which are required by the saturation of the tensiometer 17; the opening and closing states of the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve 5, the positive pressure way electromagnetic water valve 6, the negative pressure way switch electromagnetic valve 7, the negative pressure way exhaust electromagnetic valve 8 and the negative pressure way electromagnetic water valve 9 are controlled by the programmable controller 13, and the device automatically executes the circulation process required by the saturation of the tensiometer 17 according to a self-defined preset program; the gas-liquid booster 10 converts the gas source pressure generated by the air compressor 1 into proportional amplified water pressure through a cylinder, and provides higher positive water pressure required by the saturation of the tensiometer 17; the positive pressure pneumatic pressure regulating valve 3 and the liquid pressure reducing valve 12 cooperatively control the applied positive water pressure; the vacuum pneumatic pressure regulating valve 4 and the vacuum water tank 11 cooperatively control the negative water pressure when the tensiometer 17 is saturated; the pressure transmitter 14 is used for monitoring and recording the positive and negative water pressure circulation conditions in the saturation process and providing a calibrated pressure value; after the clay head 1701 in the tensiometer 17 is dried, the tensiometer 17 can be saturated rapidly and reliably by adjusting the water level in the tensiometer saturator 15 and the horizontal or vertical placing mode of the tensiometer saturator 15, vacuumizing and circularly applying positive and negative water pressure according to a certain sequence by the method of the invention; the vacuum pressure regulating valve 4 can regulate the flow degree of the vacuum pump 2 to control the vacuum degree, so as to regulate and control the negative water pressure applied to the vacuum water tank 11 and the tensiometer saturator 15 in the tensiometer calibration stage; the positive pressure pneumatic pressure regulating valve 3 can regulate the air pressure input into the air-liquid booster 10, and the air-liquid booster 10 outputs the water pressure which is amplified proportionally according to the input air pressure, so that the positive pressure pneumatic pressure regulating valve 3 finally regulates the positive water pressure applied to the tension meter saturator 15; the liquid pressure reducing valve 12 is used for limiting the positive water pressure output by the gas-liquid booster 10 in a converting way, so as to prevent the gas-liquid booster 10 from outputting the excessive positive water pressure due to the excessive air pressure of the input end, damaging the tensiometer 17 and the tensiometer saturator 15, and further controlling and regulating the output positive water pressure.
As shown in fig. 1, the positive water pressure required in the saturation process is applied through a gas-liquid booster 10, specifically, compressed air generated by an air compressor 1 is input into the gas-liquid booster 10, a cylinder of the gas-liquid booster 10 drives a small-area piston at the other side to squeeze and store a cavity full of airless water, under the condition that a tensiometer saturator 15 and a pipeline are full of airless water, the applied air pressure is converted into water pressure amplified by the same multiple as the area ratio of the pistons at the two sides, the problem that air is dissolved in water during direct air pressure is avoided, the applied water pressure can be flexibly adjusted by using a positive pressure pneumatic pressure regulating valve 3 to regulate the air pressure or using a liquid pressure reducing valve 12 to regulate the water pressure, and the pressurizing and pressure relief of different gas-liquid boosters 10 are selected, and the pressurizing and the pressure relief are automatically controlled by combining a two-position five-ventilation electromagnetic valve 5 with a programmable controller 13.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the tensiometer saturator 15 is a single tensiometer saturator 15A or a tensiometer saturator group 15B; the single tension meter saturator 15A mainly comprises two symmetrical eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates 1501, an acrylic cavity 1502 and a counter-pulling screw 1503, wherein the two eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates 1501 are arranged in parallel at intervals, the acrylic cavity 1502 is arranged between the two eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates 1501, the two eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates 1501 are connected with bolts through the counter-pulling screw 1503, the acrylic cavity 1502 is pressed and fixed between the two eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates 1501, the eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates 1501 at one end of the acrylic cavity 1502 are communicated with one end of the pressure transmitter 14 through a hard PA pipe 1505, the hard PA pipe 1505 is in sealing fixation with the eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates 1501 corresponding to one end of the acrylic cavity 1502 through a clamping sleeve joint 1504, eccentric threaded holes are formed in the eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates 1501 at the other end of the acrylic cavity 1502, and the tension meter 17 is inserted into the other end of the acrylic cavity 1502 in a sealing manner through the eccentric threaded holes of the eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates 1506 corresponding to the other end of the acrylic cavity 1502 and fixed through a tension meter fixing mechanism.
As shown in fig. 5(1) and 5(2), the tensiometer 17 is mainly composed of a clay head 1701 and a pressure sensor 1703, a groove is arranged at a port of a detection end of the pressure sensor 1703, the bottom of the groove is of an annular protrusion structure, a diaphragm of the pressure sensor 1703 is arranged below the groove, the clay head 1701 is sealed and fixed in the groove of the port of the pressure sensor 1703, the bottom of the clay head 1701 is tightly attached to the annular protrusion structure, the bottom of the clay head 1701 is not contacted with the diaphragm of the pressure sensor 1703 due to the existence of the annular protrusion structure, the annular protrusion structure between the clay head 1701 and the diaphragm of the pressure sensor 1703 is a miniature water chamber 1702 for containing airless water, as shown in fig. 5(3), the pressure sensor 1703 is inserted into the inner cavity of the acrylic cavity 1502 through an eccentric thread perforated aluminum plate 1501 of the tensiometer saturator 15, so that the end face of the clay head 1701 extends into the inner cavity of the acrylic cavity 1502 to be contacted with water or air in the acrylic cavity 1502. The periphery of the clay head 1701 is connected with the inner wall of the groove of the pressure sensor 1703 in a sealing way through epoxy resin glue.
The tensiometer 17 is a high-range tensiometer, and the high-range tensiometer specifically refers to a substrate suction measuring range of the tensiometer being more than 100kPa, or an external negative pressure measuring range being less than-100 kPa.
The clay head 1701 is a clay head with a high air intake value, specifically, the external suction force when air starts to enter the inside of the saturated clay head 1701 is greater than 100kPa, so the tensiometer 17 has the capability of measuring the suction force of the substrate of greater than 100kPa.
The clay head 1701 of the tensiometer 17 is usually in the form of a microporous ceramic plate structure with continuous pores permeable to water, and the maximum size of the pores is small, and the external suction force for gas permeation and entering in the pore saturation state is more than 100kPa.
As shown in fig. 4, the tensiometer-inserted clay head dryer 16 is used for drying clay heads 1701, and the clay head dryer 16 includes a dryer housing 1601, a heater 1602, a fan 1603, a probe-type temperature controller 1604, and a tensiometer-fixing joint 1605; the heater 1602 is installed at the bottom of the dryer housing 1601, the fan 1603 is fixedly connected to one side of the dryer housing 1601, a vent hole groove is formed in the other side of the dryer housing 1601, and the probe-type temperature controller 1604 and the tensiometer fixing joint 1605 are fixedly connected to the top of the dryer housing 1601; tensiometer 17 is mounted on top of dryer housing 1601 of clay head dryer 16 by tensiometer securing joint 1605.
The tensiometer fixing joint 1605 employed by the clay head dryer 16 is the same component as the tensiometer fixing mechanism 1506 in the tensiometer saturator 15. The probe type temperature controller 1604 reads and controls the environmental temperature in the clay head dryer 16, when the heater 1602 heats to a preset upper limit temperature for drying, the probe type temperature controller 1604 turns off the power supply of the heater 1602, turns on the power supply of the fan 1603, and when the temperature drops to a preset lower limit temperature for drying, the probe type temperature controller 1604 turns on the power supply of the heater 1602 while turning off the power supply of the fan 1603, so that the preset upper limit temperature and lower limit temperature for drying are 41 ℃ and 39 ℃ respectively.
As shown in fig. 2, in the single-body type tensiometer saturator 15A, the vertical projection surfaces of the four foot pads 1507, which are fixedly provided with the foot pads 1507, at the ends of the four opposite-pull screws 1503 close to one side of the tensiometer fixing mechanism 1506 do not exceed the vertical projection surface range of the eccentric threaded perforated aluminum plate 1501, so that the single-body type tensiometer saturator 15A can be stably placed vertically and the horizontal placement of the single-body type tensiometer saturator 15A is not influenced; as shown in fig. 3, the tensiometer saturator group 15B is mainly composed of a plurality of single-body tensiometer saturators 15A, and the plurality of single-body tensiometer saturators 15A are fixed in parallel to the same L-shaped panel 1508 by welding or screwing.
The single body tensiometer saturator 15A is used for single tensiometer saturation and the tensiometer saturator set 15B is used for multiple tensiometer co-saturation.
When the tensiometer saturator group 15B is assembled and fixed, the eccentric threaded hole of the eccentric threaded hole aluminum plate 1501 is positioned at one side far away from the L-shaped panel, and the eccentric threaded hole of the eccentric threaded hole aluminum plate 1501 is arranged so that the tensiometer 17 can be positioned above the water surface of the horizontal center shaft when the tensiometer saturator group 15B is horizontally placed in the saturation manufacturing process.
And the tensiometer fixing mechanism 1506 is located on the short side of the L-shaped panel, that is, when the tensiometer saturator is placed vertically with the L-shaped panel placed horizontally with the short side, the water in the tensiometer saturator group 15B can submerge the clay head 1701.
When the tensiometer saturator 15 is vertically placed, the opposite-pulling screw 1503 is vertically arranged, the upper end of the acrylic cavity 1502 is communicated with the hard PA pipe 1505, and the lower end of the acrylic cavity 1502 is communicated with the clay head 1701 of the tensiometer 17;
when the tensiometer saturator 15 is placed horizontally, the counter-pulling screw 1503 is arranged horizontally, and the left and right ends of the acrylic cavity 1502 are respectively communicated with the hard PA pipe 1505 and the clay head 1701 of the tensiometer 17.
The implementation process of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
step 1, clay head drying
The tensiometer 17 is fixed on the clay head dryer 16 through a tensiometer fixing joint 1605, and a power supply of a probe type temperature controller 1604 of the clay head dryer 16 is started, so that the clay head 1701 in the tensiometer 17 and heated and dried air in the clay head dryer 16 are subjected to moisture exchange for drying;
in the drying process, the upper limit temperature and the lower limit temperature of the drying are controlled to be 41 ℃ and 39 ℃ respectively, and the following drying time is set simultaneously:
if the clay head 1701 is initially in a state of being placed in a room for a long time for air drying, the drying time is 30 minutes;
if the clay head 1701 is initially in a wet state, the drying time is prolonged to 2 hours;
step 2, initial saturation
Firstly, the tensiometer 17 is installed on the tensiometer saturator 15 after being taken down from the clay head dryer 16, no air-free water with half of the whole volume is pre-filled in the acrylic cavity 1502, the tensiometer saturator 15 is horizontally placed, the eccentric through hole of the eccentric thread perforated aluminum plate 1501 is positioned on the upper side of the horizontal central axis of the acrylic cavity 1502, the water level in the acrylic cavity 1502 does not reach the central axis or just reaches the central axis, and therefore the tensiometer 17 is positioned above the water level in the acrylic cavity 1502, and finally the clay head 1701 is free from contact with water;
Then, closing the positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve 6, opening the negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve 9 and the vacuum pump 2, enabling the pressure transmitter 14 to be normally open, continuously vacuumizing for a period of time by utilizing the vacuum pump 2 to enable the inner cavity and the pipeline of the acrylic cavity 1502 to be in a vacuum state, vacuumizing for 10 minutes in specific implementation, and then vertically placing the tensiometer saturator 15 to enable the argil head 1701 of the airless water immersed tensiometer 17 to be continuously vacuumized for a period of time, vacuumizing for 1 hour in specific implementation, so as to complete an initial saturation process;
step 3, pre-pressing circulation saturation
After the initial saturation process is finished, the opening and closing of the positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve 6 and the negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve 9 are respectively controlled, positive water pressure and negative water pressure are applied to the tension meter saturator 15, and the pre-pressing circulation saturation process is carried out:
step 31, firstly, closing a negative pressure path switching electromagnetic valve 7 between the vacuum water tank 11 and the vacuum pump 2 through a programmable controller 13, and then opening a negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve 8 at the top of the vacuum water tank 11 for a period of time, wherein the specific implementation period of time is 60 seconds, airless water is pre-filled in the vacuum water tank 11, and because of air pressure difference and unbalance existing inside and outside the vacuum water tank 11, outside air enters the vacuum water tank 11 so as to push the original airless water in the vacuum water tank 11 to supplement airless water to an acrylic cavity 1502 and a pipeline which are not filled with water;
Step 32, closing a negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve 8 and a negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve 9 at the top of a vacuum water tank 11, after an acrylic cavity 1502 and a pipeline are filled with airless water, keeping a tensiometer saturator 15 in a vertical state, opening an air compressor 1 and keeping an open state, opening a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve 5 and a positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve 6 at the front end of a gas-liquid supercharger 10 by a programmable controller 13, and enabling a positive pressure pneumatic pressure regulating valve 3 to be used for regulating the output air pressure of the air compressor 1, wherein compressed air generated by the air compressor 1 is input into the gas-liquid supercharger 10, pushing an air cylinder of the gas-liquid supercharger 10 to apply positive pressure into the pipeline in a forward motion, starting a positive water pressure saturation process for a period of time, and implementing for 2 hours specifically;
in the positive water pressure saturation process, the positive water pressure is set to 900kPa, if the amplification factor of the gas-liquid booster is 5 times, the gas source pressure is adjusted to 160kPa through the positive pressure pneumatic pressure regulating valve, and the positive water pressure can be finely adjusted by using the liquid pressure reducing valve.
Step 33, after the positive water pressure saturation process, closing the positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve 6 and the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve 5 by the programmable controller 13, opening the negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve 9 and the negative pressure path switching electromagnetic valve 7, keeping the state of the maximum vacuum degree by the vacuum pneumatic pressure regulating valve 4, continuously vacuumizing for a period of time by using the vacuum pump 2 at the maximum vacuum degree, enabling the inner cavity and the pipeline of the acrylic cavity 1502 to be in the vacuum state, starting the negative water pressure saturation process for a period of time, and implementing for 1 hour in particular;
In the specific implementation, a positive water pressure saturation process of 900kPa for 2 hours and a negative water pressure saturation process of 1 hour-98 kPa are carried out to serve as a complete pre-pressing circulation saturation process.
And step 34, forming a pre-pressing circulation saturation process by sequentially performing a positive water pressure saturation process and a negative water pressure saturation process, and repeating the pre-pressing circulation saturation process at least twice, namely repeating the whole process of the steps 32-33 twice.
The saturation steps, the duration of each phase, and the magnitude of the applied water pressure of the saturation process are schematically shown in sub-graph 6(1) of fig. 6.
Step 31 is repeated every time the pre-compaction cycle is saturated, and airless water is replenished into the pipeline from the vacuum water tank 11.
The pre-compression cyclic saturation process defines a program infinite loop through a programmable controller 11 to record the actual number of loops by manual timing or a data acquisition system.
During the initial saturation of step 2 and the subsequent pre-compression cycle saturation of step 3, the vacuum state pressure is applied at the maximum vacuum level of the vacuum pump 2.
Step 4, tensiometer calibration
And sequentially performing two steps of data acquisition calibration and free evaporation.
Step 41, restarting the programmable controller 13, and returning the device to the vacuumized state. Specifically, the electromagnetic water valve 6 of the positive pressure path and the electromagnetic valve 8 of the negative pressure path are closed, the electromagnetic water valve 9 of the negative pressure path and the vacuum pump 2 are opened, and the vacuum pump 2 is utilized for vacuumizing treatment; regulating the vacuum pressure regulating valve 4 to enable the air pressure in the tensiometer saturator 15 to be discharged to the atmospheric pressure, recording the air pressure value of the pressure transmitter 14 and the output voltage of the pressure sensor 1703 of the tensiometer 17 at the moment, and calibrating according to the air pressure value of the pressure transmitter 14 to obtain a hydrostatic pressure value corresponding to the output voltage, wherein the process is shown as a sub graph 6(2) in fig. 6;
The hydrostatic pressure value is obtained by correcting and calibrating the air pressure value of the pressure transmitter 14 according to the water level height in the acrylic cavity 1502; the implementation is that the pressure generated by the height of the water level in the acrylic cavity 1502 is added to the air pressure value to obtain the hydrostatic pressure, and the hydrostatic pressure=the air pressure output by the pressure transmitter+the water in the acrylic cavity is the corresponding water pressure.
Step 42, adjusting the output negative pressure of the vacuum pump 2 through the vacuum pressure regulating valve 4, controlling the vacuum degree in the tensiometer saturator 15 to be gradually increased, and finally increasing to the maximum vacuum degree which can be output by the vacuum pump 2, recording the air pressure value of the pressure transmitter 14 and the output voltage of the pressure sensor 1703 of the tensiometer 17 when each vacuum degree is at each level, and calibrating according to the air pressure value of the pressure transmitter 14 to obtain corresponding hydrostatic pressure;
in practice, the vacuum level is increased stepwise in at least 5 stages.
Step 43, performing linear fitting regression on the output voltage and the hydrostatic pressure of the pressure sensor 1703 under the atmospheric pressure and different vacuum levels by using a least square method to obtain a corresponding relationship between the output voltage and the hydrostatic pressure of the pressure sensor 1703, and performing the following judgment:
if the linear fitting goodness R 2 If the pressure is more than or equal to 0.95, the tensiometer 17 can normally work within the pressure range of 0 to-100 kPa (or the substrate suction force of 0 to 100 kPa), and the next step of verification is performed in the step 44;
If the linear fitting goodness R 2 If the tension meter 17 is less than 0.95, the tension meter is not normally operated, the manufacture is not qualified, and the saturation manufacture treatment of the tension meter is required to be carried out again from the step 1.
The linear fitting regression process is shown as sub-graph 6(3) in fig. 6.
Taking the output voltage of the pressure sensor 1703 under each vacuum degree as an abscissa and the corresponding corrected hydrostatic pressure as an ordinate, and performing linear regression on each discrete point by using a least square method to ensure that R of a fitting result 2 A value approaching or equal to 1 indicates that the tensiometer of the present invention is capable of operating in the suction range of 0 to 100 kPa.
Step 44, performing free evaporation:
taking the tensiometer 17 out of the tensiometer saturator 15, rapidly wiping off excessive moisture on the surface of the clay head 1701 by using wet cloth, and placing the tensiometer 17 in air for free evaporation; in the free evaporation process, the output voltage acquired in real time by the pressure sensor 1703 is converted according to the linear relationship obtained in step 43 to obtain a corresponding pressure reading, and the following judgment is performed:
if the pressure reading is reduced below-100 kPa (i.e. the matrix suction reading is greater than or equal to 100 kPa), the tensiometer 17 works normally, the manufacture is qualified, and the tensiometer 17 is quickly placed back into airless water for standby so as to prevent cavitation of the tensiometer 17;
If the pressure reading cannot drop below-100 kPa (i.e., the substrate suction reading is less than 100 kPa), the tensiometer 17 does not work properly, the manufacturing is not acceptable, and the tensiometer saturation manufacturing process needs to be performed again from step 1.
The acceptable free evaporation process is shown in sub-graph 6(4) in fig. 6.
In step 3, after the first pre-pressing and circulating saturation process is finished, before the second pre-pressing and circulating saturation process is carried out, the programmable controller 13 also controls the negative pressure on-off electromagnetic valve 7 to be closed and the negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve 8 to be opened, step 31 is carried out, airless water is supplemented into the pipeline by the vacuum water tank 11, and the rest steps are completely consistent with the first pre-pressing and circulating saturation process.
The above embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An automatic saturation device of a high-range tensiometer, which is characterized in that:
the device comprises an air compressor (1), a vacuum pump (2), a positive pressure pneumatic pressure regulating valve (3), a vacuum pneumatic pressure regulating valve (4), a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve (5), a positive pressure way electromagnetic water valve (6), a negative pressure way switch electromagnetic valve (7), a negative pressure way exhaust electromagnetic valve (8), a negative pressure way electromagnetic water valve (9), a liquid pressure reducing valve (12), a gas-liquid booster (10), a vacuum water tank (11), a pressure transmitter (14), a tensiometer saturator (15) and a clay head dryer (16);
The air compressor (1) is connected with the air pressure input end of the air-liquid booster (10) through a pipeline, a positive pressure pneumatic pressure regulating valve (3) and a two-position five-ventilation electromagnetic valve (5) are sequentially arranged on the pipeline from the air compressor (1) to the air-liquid booster (10), the water pressure output end of the air-liquid booster (10) is connected with one end of the pressure transmitter (14) through the pipeline, a liquid pressure reducing valve (12) and a positive pressure pipeline electromagnetic water valve (6) are sequentially arranged on the pipeline from the air-liquid booster (10) to the pressure transmitter (14), the other end of the pressure transmitter (14) is communicated with the tension meter saturator (15) through the pipeline, and the tension meter (17) is arranged on the tension meter saturator (15);
the vacuum pump (2) is connected with the top of the vacuum water tank (11) through a pipeline, a vacuum pneumatic pressure regulating valve (4) and a negative pressure path switching electromagnetic valve (7) are sequentially arranged on the pipeline from the vacuum pump (2) to the vacuum water tank (11), the top of the vacuum water tank (11) is communicated with the outside atmosphere through the pipeline and a negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve (8), airless water is filled in the vacuum water tank (11), the bottom of the vacuum water tank (11) is connected with one end of the pressure transmitter (14) through the pipeline, and a negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve (9) is arranged on the pipeline from the vacuum water tank (11) to the pressure transmitter (14);
The tensiometer saturator (15) is a single tensiometer saturator (15A) or a tensiometer saturator group (15B); the single tension meter saturator (15A) mainly comprises two symmetrical eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates (1501), an acrylic cavity (1502) and a counter-pulling screw (1503), wherein the two eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates (1501) are arranged in parallel at intervals, the acrylic cavity (1502) is arranged between the two eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates (1501), the two eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates (1501) are connected with a bolt through the counter-pulling screw (1503), the eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates (1501) at one end of the acrylic cavity (1502) are communicated with one end of a pressure transmitter (14) through a hard PA pipe (1505), the hard PA pipe (1505) is fixed with the eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates (1501) in a sealing mode through a clamping sleeve joint (1504), the eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates (1501) at the other end of the acrylic cavity (1502) are provided with eccentric threaded holes, and a tension meter (17) penetrates through the eccentric threaded holes of the eccentric thread perforated aluminum plates (1501) to be inserted into the other end of the acrylic cavity (1502) in a sealing mode and fixed through a tension meter fixing mechanism (1506);
in the single tension meter saturator (15A), foot pads (1507) are fixedly arranged at the ends of four opposite-pulling screws (1503) close to one side of a tension meter fixing mechanism (1506); the tensiometer saturator group (15B) mainly comprises a plurality of single-body tensiometer saturators (15A), and the plurality of single-body tensiometer saturators (15A) are parallelly fixed on the same L-shaped panel (1508) through welding or threaded connection;
The intelligent control system further comprises a programmable controller (13), wherein the electric input ends of the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve (5), the positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve (6), the negative pressure path switching electromagnetic valve (7), the negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve (8) and the negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve (9) are respectively connected with the electric output port of the programmable controller (13);
the tension meter (17) mainly comprises a clay head (1701) and a pressure sensor (1703), wherein a groove is formed in a port of a detection end of the pressure sensor (1703), the bottom of the groove is of an annular protruding structure, a diaphragm of the pressure sensor (1703) is arranged below the groove, the clay head (1701) is mounted and fixed in the groove of the port of the pressure sensor (1703) in a sealing mode, the annular protruding structure is tightly attached to the bottom of the clay head (1701), the annular protruding structure between the clay head (1701) and the diaphragm of the pressure sensor (1703) is a miniature water chamber (1702), and the pressure sensor (1703) penetrates through an eccentric thread perforated aluminum plate (1501) of a tension meter saturator (15) to be inserted into an inner cavity of the acrylic cavity (1502) so that the end face of the clay head (1701) stretches into the inner cavity of the acrylic cavity (1502).
2. The automated saturation apparatus for a high range tensiometer of claim 1, wherein:
The clay head dryer (16) comprises a dryer shell (1601), a heater (1602), a fan (1603), a probe temperature controller (1604) and a tensiometer fixed joint (1605); the heater (1602) is arranged at the bottom of the interior of the dryer shell (1601), the fan (1603) is fixedly connected to one side surface of the dryer shell (1601), a vent hole groove is formed in the other side surface of the dryer shell (1601), and the probe type temperature controller (1604) and the tensiometer fixing joint (1605) are fixedly connected to the top of the dryer shell (1601); the tensiometer (17) is mounted on the top of a dryer housing (1601) of the clay head dryer (16) through a tensiometer fixed joint (1605).
3. A method for manufacturing a tensiometer saturation applied to the high-range tensiometer automatic saturation device according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the saturation process comprises the following steps:
step 1, clay head drying
Fixing a tension meter (17) on a clay head dryer (16), starting the clay head dryer (16), and enabling clay heads (1701) in the tension meter (17) and air in the clay head dryer (16) to exchange moisture for drying;
In the step 1, in the drying process, the upper limit temperature and the lower limit temperature of the drying are controlled to be 41 ℃ and 39 ℃ respectively, and the following drying time is set simultaneously:
if the clay head (1701) is initially in a state of being placed indoors for long-term air drying, the drying time is 30 minutes;
if the clay head (1701) is in a wet state initially, the drying time is 2 hours;
step 2, initial saturation
Firstly, a tensiometer (17) is removed from a clay head dryer (16) and then is mounted on a tensiometer saturator (15), airless water with at most half of the whole volume is pre-filled in an acrylic cavity (1502), the tensiometer saturator (15) is horizontally placed, an eccentric through hole of an eccentric threaded perforated aluminum plate (1501) is positioned on the upper side of the central axis of the acrylic cavity (1502), and finally, a clay head (1701) is in non-contact with water;
then, closing the positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve (6), opening the negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve (9) and the vacuum pump (2), continuously vacuumizing for a period of time by utilizing the vacuum pump (2) to enable the inner cavity and the pipeline of the acrylic cavity (1502) to be in a vacuum state, and then vertically placing the tensiometer saturator (15) to enable the non-aerated water to submerge the clay head (1701) of the tensiometer (17), continuously vacuumizing for a period of time, and completing an initial saturation process;
Step 3, pre-pressing circulation saturation
The opening and closing of the positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve (6) and the negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve (9) are respectively controlled to perform a pre-pressing circulation saturation process;
step 4, tensiometer calibration
And sequentially performing two steps of data acquisition calibration and free evaporation test.
4. A method for producing tensiometer saturation for a high range tensiometer automated saturation apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 31, firstly closing a negative pressure path switch electromagnetic valve (7), and then opening a negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve (8) for a period of time, so that external air enters the vacuum water tank (11) to push original airless water in the vacuum water tank (11) to supplement airless water into an acrylic cavity (1502) which is not filled with water and a pipeline;
step 32, closing a negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve (8) and a negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve (9), opening an air compressor (1) after filling airless water in an acrylic cavity (1502) and a pipeline, and then opening a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve (5) and a positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve (6), wherein compressed air generated by the air compressor (1) is input into a gas-liquid supercharger (10), and pushing an air cylinder of the gas-liquid supercharger (10) to act forwards to apply positive water pressure to the pipeline, so that a positive water pressure saturation process is started for a period of time;
Step 33, after the positive water pressure saturation process, closing a positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve (6), opening a negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve (9) and a negative pressure path switching electromagnetic valve (7), and continuously vacuumizing for a period of time by using a vacuum pump (2) at the maximum vacuum degree, so that the inner cavity and a pipeline of the acrylic cavity (1502) are in a vacuum state, and starting the negative water pressure saturation process for a period of time;
and step 34, forming a pre-pressing circulation saturation process by sequentially performing a positive water pressure saturation process and a negative water pressure saturation process, and repeating the pre-pressing circulation saturation process at least twice.
5. A method for producing tensiometer saturation for a high range tensiometer automated saturation apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 41, closing a positive pressure path electromagnetic water valve (6) and a negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve (8), opening a negative pressure path electromagnetic water valve (9) and a vacuum pump (2), regulating a vacuum pneumatic pressure regulating valve (4) to enable the air pressure in a tensiometer saturator (15) to be discharged back to the atmospheric pressure, recording the air pressure value of a pressure transmitter (14) and the output voltage of a pressure sensor (1703) of a tensiometer (17) at the moment, and obtaining a corresponding hydrostatic pressure value according to the air pressure value calibration of the pressure transmitter (14);
The hydrostatic pressure value is obtained by correcting and calibrating the air pressure value of the pressure transmitter (14) according to the water level height in the acrylic cavity (1502);
step 42, regulating the output negative pressure of the vacuum pump (2) through a vacuum pneumatic pressure regulating valve (4), controlling the vacuum degree in the tensiometer saturator (15) to be gradually increased, and finally increasing to the maximum vacuum degree which can be output by the vacuum pump (2), recording the air pressure value of the pressure transmitter (14) and the output voltage of the pressure sensor (1703) of the tensiometer (17) when each vacuum degree is at each level, and calibrating according to the air pressure value of the pressure transmitter (14) to obtain corresponding hydrostatic pressure;
step 43, performing linear fitting regression on the output voltage and the hydrostatic pressure of the pressure sensor (1703) under the atmospheric pressure and different vacuum levels to obtain the corresponding relation between the output voltage and the hydrostatic pressure of the pressure sensor (1703), and performing the following judgment:
if the linear fitting goodness R 2 If the pressure is more than or equal to 0.95, the tensiometer (17) can work normally within the pressure range of 0 to 100 kPa, and the next step of verification is performed in step 44;
if the linear fitting goodness R 2 If the temperature is less than 0.95, the tensiometer (17) does not work normally, the manufacture is unqualified, and the tensiometer saturation manufacture treatment is needed to be carried out again from the step 1;
Step 44, taking the tensiometer (17) out of the tensiometer saturator (15), rapidly wiping off excessive moisture on the surface of the clay head (1701) by using wet cloth, and placing the tensiometer (17) in air for free evaporation; in the free evaporation process, according to the linear relation obtained in the step 43, converting the output voltage acquired in real time by the pressure sensor (1703) to obtain a corresponding pressure reading, and performing the following judgment:
if the pressure reading is reduced to below-100 kPa, the tensiometer (17) works normally, the manufacture is qualified, and the tensiometer (17) is placed back into airless water for standby;
if the pressure reading cannot be reduced below-100 kPa, the tensiometer (17) does not work normally, the manufacture is not qualified, and the tensiometer saturation manufacture treatment is required to be carried out again from the step 1.
6. The method for manufacturing the tensiometer saturation of the high-range tensiometer automatic saturation device, according to claim 4, is characterized in that:
in the step 3, after the first pre-pressing circulation saturation process is finished, before the second pre-pressing circulation saturation process is carried out, a programmable controller (13) also controls a negative pressure path switch electromagnetic valve (7) to be closed and a negative pressure path exhaust electromagnetic valve (8) to be opened, and then the step 31 is carried out, and airless water is supplemented into the pipeline by a vacuum water tank (11).
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