CN115611113A - Elevator brake control method - Google Patents
Elevator brake control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115611113A CN115611113A CN202211346497.3A CN202211346497A CN115611113A CN 115611113 A CN115611113 A CN 115611113A CN 202211346497 A CN202211346497 A CN 202211346497A CN 115611113 A CN115611113 A CN 115611113A
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- elevator
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- car
- heat dissipation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/0006—Monitoring devices or performance analysers
- B66B5/0018—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system
- B66B5/0031—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system for safety reasons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/04—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Elevator Control (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an elevator braking control method, which comprises the following steps of S1, determining and controlling the moving direction of an elevator according to the unbalanced load of the elevator after the elevator meets the preset braking condition; s2, controlling the elevator car to move to a brake starting position, wherein the speed of the elevator car when moving to the brake starting position does not exceed a speed threshold; and S3, braking the elevator car. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention can avoid the defects caused by star-closing braking, and avoid the damage of the car caused by braking impact and overheating of a motor winding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of elevators, in particular to an elevator braking control method.
Background
When the permanent magnet synchronous tractor rotates under the action of a non-power supply, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy, which is equivalent to a generator, when the tractor is powered off, three-phase winding leading-out wires between a frequency converter and a motor are in short circuit by using a lead or a series resistor according to a star shape, so that an independent closed electric loop is formed between the motor and a three-phase winding connected with the motor to consume electric energy, induction current is induced in an armature winding loop, braking electromagnetic torque is generated under the action of a permanent magnet magnetic field of the motor, the mechanical torque and the electromagnetic torque of the tractor are balanced, and the elevator sliding or galloping caused by the power loss of the synchronous tractor (when the motor fails in a band-type brake) is prevented. For a traction type elevator, when the elevator is in an unbalanced load state, if the elevator is suddenly out of control, torque generated by the unbalanced load acts on a driving motor rotor and a driving rope pulley associated with the driving motor rotor, the torque can drive the driving motor to rotate, so that the driving motor is in a power generation state, a three-phase winding of the driving motor in a star-sealed state is in a short-circuit state, a loop is formed in the driving motor, a short-circuit flows in the loop, and the motor rotor can be subjected to resistance preventing the motor rotor from rotating according to Lenz's law, obviously the resistance plays a braking role, the moving speed of an elevator car is reduced, and therefore the elevator can be prevented from being pushed to the top or squat at the bottom at a high speed.
Although the star-sealing brake can brake the driving motor of the elevator and reduce the moving speed of the elevator, if the star-sealing brake is started when the moving speed of the elevator is high, instantaneous short-circuit heavy current can be generated and can damage a frequency converter, a contactor and the like of an elevator driving system, the service life of the frequency converter and the contactor of the driving system is influenced, and devices can be burned seriously; on the other hand, the star-closing brake is directly started when the moving speed of the elevator car is high, and the passengers in the elevator car can be discomforted or even slightly injured due to the rapid reduction of the speed of the elevator car. In order to solve the problem, the publication CN201910603050.1 and the like further propose to adopt a delayed star-sealing braking scheme when the moving speed of the elevator is high. Although the delayed star-sealing brake can really overcome the defects of instantaneous short-circuit large current and rapid reduction of the speed of the lift car, the delayed star-sealing brake also has obvious defects that the lift car can be in a star-sealing brake state for a long time after the star-sealing brake is started, so that excessive heat can be accumulated in a winding of a driving elevator, and once the driving motor cannot timely dissipate the heat, the driving motor faces overheating risks.
Therefore, how to brake and control the elevator under the condition that the brake of the elevator driving main machine fails to work is a technical problem to be solved in the industry, and the defects caused by only adopting star-closing braking are avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
In this summary, a series of simplified form concepts are introduced that are simplifications of the prior art in this field, which will be described in further detail in the detailed description. This summary of the invention is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an elevator braking control method, which comprises the following steps of:
step S1, determining the moving direction of an elevator to be controlled according to the unbalanced load of the elevator; s2, controlling the elevator car to move to a brake starting position, wherein the speed of the elevator car when moving to the brake starting position does not exceed a speed threshold value; and S3, braking the elevator car.
Preferably, the preset braking condition comprises a first preset braking condition, and the first preset braking condition is that the brake of the elevator driving main machine is detected to be out of order.
Preferably, in step S3, the braking mode for braking the elevator car is star braking.
Preferably, the preset braking conditions further include a second preset braking condition, and the second preset braking condition is that the heat dissipation efficiency value part in the satellite sealing braking process exceeds the maximum heat dissipation efficiency of the motor winding; the heat dissipation efficiency value in the sealing braking process is obtained by calculation according to the unbalanced load of the elevator and the current speed of the elevator car, and the maximum heat dissipation efficiency of the motor winding is obtained by calculation according to the motor specification.
Preferably, the calculation method of the heat dissipation efficiency value in the satellite sealing braking process is as follows:
step A1, determining a speed curve of an elevator car in the process of directly carrying out star-closing braking under the current speed condition according to the unbalanced load simulation of the elevator; step A2, calculating kinetic energy and potential energy which need to be converted into heat energy according to the speed curve; step A3, calculating according to the corresponding duration time in the speed curve to obtain a heat dissipation efficiency curve; and A4, obtaining the heat dissipation efficiency value of each time point in the satellite sealing braking process through the heat dissipation efficiency curve.
Preferably, the preset braking conditions further include a second preset braking condition, where the second preset braking condition is that a time accumulated value of a heat dissipation efficiency value part in the satellite closing braking process exceeding the maximum heat dissipation efficiency of the motor winding exceeds a preset heat accumulation value; the heat dissipation efficiency value in the star-closing braking process is calculated according to the unbalanced load of the elevator and the current speed of the elevator car, and the maximum heat dissipation efficiency of the motor winding is calculated according to the motor specification.
Preferably, the speed threshold is determined according to the maximum deceleration allowed after the star break.
Preferably, the speed threshold is calculated by:
determining a speed curve of the elevator car in the process of directly carrying out star-closing braking under the current speed condition according to the unbalanced load simulation of the elevator, wherein the speed curve comprises a variable speed section and a constant speed section; the speed threshold is V1, and the allowed maximum deceleration is a; and calculating the duration t of the speed change section, and calculating the average value V2 of the moving speed of the car in the constant speed section, wherein V1= V2+ at.
Preferably, when the unbalanced load of the elevator is that the mass of the car side is larger than that of the counterweight side, the braking starting position is that the distance between the bottom of the car and the car side buffer is smaller than a preset distance s; when the unbalanced load of the elevator is that the mass of the elevator car side is larger than that of the counterweight side, the braking starting position is that the distance between the counterweight bottom and the counterweight side buffer is smaller than a preset distance s; the preset distance s = (V2 ^2-V1^ 2)/2 a.
Preferably, in the step S3, a braking mode for braking the elevator car is buffer braking.
Preferably, the speed threshold is an allowable maximum impact speed Vmax of the buffer.
Preferably, when the unbalanced load of the elevator is that the mass of the car side is larger than that of the counterweight side, the braking starting position is the initial contact position of the bottom of the car and the car side buffer; when the unbalanced load of the elevator is that the mass of the elevator car side is larger than that of the counterweight side, the braking starting position is the initial contact position of the counterweight bottom and the counterweight side buffer.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention can avoid the defects caused by star-closing braking, and avoid the damage of the car caused by braking impact and overheating of a motor winding.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, however, and may not be intended to accurately reflect the precise structural or performance characteristics of any given embodiment, and should not be construed as limiting or restricting the scope of values or properties encompassed by exemplary embodiments in accordance with the invention. The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of steps of an elevator brake control method according to embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic step diagram of an elevator braking control method according to embodiment 3.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and technical effects of the present invention will be fully apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure in the specification. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the general concept of the invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict. The following exemplary embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the specific embodiments set forth herein. It is understood that these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of these exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art.
The traction elevator according to the present embodiment generally includes a car, a counterweight, a hoist rope, a traction sheave, a drive motor, a buffer, and the like. Wherein the drive motor is generally called traction machine, also called drive main machine, integrated with the traction sheave, the buffer generally comprises a car buffer and a counterweight buffer.
When the elevator car moves up and down in the hoistway, the load in the car and the car body are acted by gravity together to generate a rotating moment on the traction sheave, the counterweight is acted by gravity to generate another moment on the traction sheave, and the directions of the two moments are opposite, so that the two moments jointly generate a torque on the traction sheave, namely the difference between the car side mass (the sum of the load in the car and the car body) and the counterweight side mass is acted by gravity to generate a torque and acts on the traction sheave. In order to control the speed at which the elevator car moves in the hoistway, an elevator control system controls a drive motor to generate a drive torque, and the drive torque and the torque generated by the mass difference act together to rotate a traction sheave at a predetermined speed, thereby controlling the speed of the elevator car. From the energy perspective, when the mass of the car side is larger than that of the counterweight side, if the car moves upwards, the driving motor converts the electric energy into mechanical energy, and the mechanical energy is converted into potential energy (with poor mass); if the car descends, the potential energy (with poor mass) is converted into electric energy by the driving motor and sent back to the direct current bus. The analysis when the mass of the car side is smaller than that of the counterweight side is similar to that described above, and the description thereof is omitted.
When the elevator starts to perform star-closing braking, the principle of star-closing braking shows that the elevator car can enable the side with relatively large mass in the car side and the counterweight side to descend and the side with relatively light mass to ascend, and the driving motor is inevitably in a regeneration mode. In this mode, the potential energy corresponding to the mass difference between the car side and the counterweight side (including the kinetic energy if the car and the counterweight move at a certain speed) is converted into electrical energy and forms a current in the windings of the driving motor, and the electrical energy is finally converted into heat by the windings of the motor and dissipated by the motor. Generally, the heat dissipation capacity of the motor winding is limited, so when the unbalanced load (i.e. the mass difference) of the elevator is large, especially when the speed of the car is large when the star-sealed brake is started (the large car moving speed and the large mass-the rotational inertia together form large kinetic energy, the car moving speed in the star-sealed brake state is usually small and almost certainly is smaller than the car moving speed before the star-sealed brake state, so that part of the kinetic energy is necessarily converted into heat), the energy which needs to be converted into heat and consumed by the winding is large, and therefore when the elevator driving motor is in the star-sealed brake state for a long time, the heat can not be dissipated by the winding and accumulated in the motor, thereby having an adverse effect on the driving motor.
Example 1
In order to solve the technical problem, as shown in fig. 1, embodiment 1 provides a braking control method for an elevator, which comprises the following steps of S1, determining and controlling the moving direction of the elevator according to the unbalanced load of the elevator after the elevator meets the preset braking condition; s2, controlling the elevator car to move to a brake starting position, wherein the speed of the elevator car when moving to the brake starting position does not exceed a speed threshold; and S3, braking the elevator car in a star-closing braking mode.
The preset braking condition comprises a first preset braking condition, and the first preset braking condition is that the brake of the elevator driving main machine is detected to be invalid. The preset braking conditions further comprise a second preset braking condition, and the second preset braking condition is that the heat dissipation efficiency value part in the star sealing braking process exceeds the maximum heat dissipation efficiency of the motor winding.
The heat dissipation efficiency value in the sealing braking process is obtained by calculation according to the unbalanced load of the elevator and the current speed of the elevator car, and the maximum heat dissipation efficiency of the motor winding is obtained by calculation according to the motor specification.
The method for calculating the heat dissipation efficiency value in the satellite sealing braking process comprises the following steps: step A1, determining a speed curve of an elevator car in the process of directly performing star-closing braking under the current speed condition according to elevator unbalanced load simulation; step A2, calculating kinetic energy and potential energy which need to be converted into heat energy according to the speed curve; step A3, calculating according to the corresponding duration in the speed curve to obtain a heat dissipation efficiency curve; and A4, obtaining the heat dissipation efficiency value of each time point in the star sealing braking process through the heat dissipation efficiency curve.
According to the characteristic of the star-closing braking process, the unbalanced load pushes the elevator car to move, the moving elevator car drives the traction machine to rotate, so that the traction machine is in a power generation state, induced current is generated in a coil of the traction machine, and the induced current can generate a braking force for preventing the traction machine from rotating and preventing the elevator car from moving. When the braking force generated by the induced current corresponding to the speed of the elevator car is equal to the unbalanced torque, the elevator car enters a constant speed state, and the speed can be defined as a balanced speed. Before the car reaches the balance speed, the car is in a speed change state; if the initial speed of the elevator car is greater than the balance speed after the elevator starts to block the star brake, the elevator car has a deceleration process; if the initial speed of the car is less than the equilibrium speed after the start of the star breaking, the car has an acceleration process. The speed profile of the elevator car during the closing star brake therefore comprises a variable speed section and a constant speed section. The speed profile can be obtained in advance by experimental tests.
For the sake of simplicity of calculation, the heat dissipation efficiency related to kinetic energy may be defined as a first heat dissipation efficiency and the heat dissipation efficiency related to potential energy may be defined as a second heat dissipation efficiency in the calculation. The heat dissipation efficiency of the speed change section comprises a first heat dissipation efficiency and a second heat dissipation efficiency, and the second heat dissipation efficiency is only required to be considered in the uniform speed section.
The speed threshold is determined based on the maximum deceleration allowed after star breaking. The calculation method of the speed threshold value comprises the following steps: determining a speed curve of the elevator car in the process of directly carrying out star-closing braking under the current speed condition according to the unbalanced load simulation of the elevator, wherein the speed curve comprises a variable speed section and a constant speed section; the speed threshold is V1, and the allowed maximum deceleration is a; and calculating the duration t of the variable speed section, and calculating the average value V2 of the moving speed of the car in the constant speed section, wherein V1= V2+ at. The maximum deceleration allowed is determined according to the preset value calculated in advance by the equipment or human body safety factor, for example, the smaller value of the instantaneous maximum short-circuit current allowed by the equipment or the maximum deceleration which does not cause harm to human bodies is determined.
When the unbalanced load of the elevator is that the mass of the car side is larger than that of the counterweight side, the braking starting position is that the distance between the bottom of the car and the car side buffer is smaller than a preset distance s; when the unbalanced load of the elevator is that the mass of the elevator car side is larger than that of the counterweight side, the braking starting position is that the distance between the counterweight bottom and the counterweight side buffer is smaller than a preset distance s; the preset distance s = (V2 ^2-V1^ 2)/2 a.
By adopting the elevator braking control method of the embodiment, the car or the counterweight can be controlled to run to the position close to the buffer to implement star-closing braking according to the preset condition, and meanwhile, the speed of the car is controlled to a lower value, so that the problem that the star-closing braking time is too long, the car can further assist in braking through the buffer after running for a short distance is avoided, and the problem that the short-circuit current is large when the star-closing braking is carried out is avoided.
Example 2
It should be noted that the actual temperature of the drive motor winding is normally lower than the maximum allowable temperature, and the process of raising the actual temperature of the drive motor winding to the maximum allowable temperature allows some heat accumulation, which is not mentioned in embodiment 1, and thus embodiment 2 takes this into account.
The second preset braking condition of the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1, and the other conditions are the same. The second preset braking condition of the embodiment is that the time accumulated value of the heat dissipation efficiency value part in the star-closing braking process exceeding the maximum heat dissipation efficiency of the motor winding exceeds the preset heat accumulation value;
example 3
Step S1, determining and controlling the moving direction of the elevator according to the unbalanced load of the elevator; s2, controlling the elevator car to move to a brake starting position, wherein the speed of the elevator car when moving to the brake starting position does not exceed a speed threshold; and S3, braking the elevator car in a buffer braking mode.
The preset braking condition comprises a first preset braking condition, and the first preset braking condition is that the brake of the elevator driving main machine is detected to be invalid.
The speed threshold is the allowed maximum impact speed Vmax of the buffer. When the unbalanced load of the elevator is that the mass of the car side is larger than that of the counterweight side, the braking starting position is an initial contact position of the bottom of the car and a car side buffer; when the unbalanced load of the elevator is that the mass of the elevator car side is larger than that of the counterweight side, the braking starting position is the initial contact position of the counterweight bottom and the counterweight side buffer. The maximum allowable impact speed of the buffer is typically 115% of the nominal speed of the elevator.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the scheme of the embodiment is simpler, the control switching of the driving motor is not needed (the original speed control is switched to the star-closing brake control), and the moving speed of the lift car is completely controllable, so that the method has the advantages of simple implementation and good effect.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments and examples, but these are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Many variations and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention, which should also be considered as the scope of the invention.
Claims (12)
1. The elevator brake control method is characterized in that the following steps are executed after an elevator meets preset brake conditions:
step S1, determining the moving direction of an elevator to be controlled according to the unbalanced load of the elevator;
s2, controlling the elevator car to move to a brake starting position, wherein the speed of the elevator car when moving to the brake starting position does not exceed a speed threshold;
and S3, braking the elevator car.
2. The elevator brake control method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the preset braking condition comprises a first preset braking condition, and the first preset braking condition is that the brake of the elevator driving host machine is detected to be invalid.
3. The elevator brake control method according to claim 2, characterized in that:
in the step S3, the braking mode for braking the elevator car is star-closing braking.
4. The elevator brake control method according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the preset braking conditions also comprise a second preset braking condition, and the second preset braking condition is that the heat dissipation efficiency value part in the satellite sealing braking process exceeds the maximum heat dissipation efficiency of the motor winding;
the heat dissipation efficiency value in the sealing braking process is obtained by calculation according to the unbalanced load of the elevator and the current speed of the elevator car, and the maximum heat dissipation efficiency of the motor winding is obtained by calculation according to the motor specification.
5. The elevator brake control method according to claim 4, wherein the calculation method of the heat dissipation efficiency value in the star-closing braking process is:
step A1, determining a speed curve of an elevator car in the process of directly carrying out star-closing braking under the current speed condition according to the unbalanced load simulation of the elevator;
step A2, calculating kinetic energy and potential energy which need to be converted into heat energy according to the speed curve;
step A3, calculating according to the corresponding duration time in the speed curve to obtain a heat dissipation efficiency curve;
and A4, obtaining the heat dissipation efficiency value of each time point in the star sealing braking process through the heat dissipation efficiency curve.
6. The elevator brake control method according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the preset braking conditions further comprise a second preset braking condition, wherein the second preset braking condition is that the time accumulated value of the heat dissipation efficiency value part in the satellite sealing braking process exceeding the maximum heat dissipation efficiency of the motor winding exceeds a preset heat accumulation value;
the heat dissipation efficiency value in the star-closing braking process is calculated according to the unbalanced load of the elevator and the current speed of the elevator car, and the maximum heat dissipation efficiency of the motor winding is calculated according to the motor specification.
7. The elevator brake control method according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the speed threshold is determined according to the maximum deceleration allowed after the star brake.
8. The elevator braking control method according to claim 7, wherein the speed threshold is calculated by:
determining a speed curve of the elevator car in the process of directly carrying out star-closing braking under the current speed condition according to the unbalanced load simulation of the elevator, wherein the speed curve comprises a variable speed section and a constant speed section;
the speed threshold is V1, and the allowed maximum deceleration is a;
and calculating the duration t of the speed change section, and calculating the average value V2 of the moving speed of the car in the constant speed section, wherein V1= V2+ at.
9. The elevator brake control method according to claim 8, characterized in that:
when the unbalanced load of the elevator is that the mass of the car side is larger than that of the counterweight side, the braking starting position is that the distance between the bottom of the car and the car side buffer is smaller than a preset distance s;
when the unbalanced load of the elevator is that the mass of the elevator car side is larger than that of the counterweight side, the braking starting position is that the distance between the counterweight bottom and the counterweight side buffer is smaller than a preset distance s;
the preset distance s = (V2 ^2-V1^ 2)/2 a.
10. The elevator brake control method according to claim 2, characterized in that:
in step S3, the braking mode for braking the elevator car is buffer braking.
11. The elevator brake control method according to claim 10, characterized in that:
the speed threshold is the allowed maximum impact speed Vmax of the buffer.
12. The elevator brake control method according to claim 11, characterized in that:
when the unbalanced load of the elevator is that the mass of the car side is larger than that of the counterweight side, the braking starting position is an initial contact position of the bottom of the car and a car side buffer;
when the unbalanced load of the elevator is that the mass of the elevator car side is larger than that of the counterweight side, the braking starting position is the initial contact position of the counterweight bottom and the counterweight side buffer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211346497.3A CN115611113A (en) | 2022-10-31 | 2022-10-31 | Elevator brake control method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211346497.3A CN115611113A (en) | 2022-10-31 | 2022-10-31 | Elevator brake control method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115611113A true CN115611113A (en) | 2023-01-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211346497.3A Pending CN115611113A (en) | 2022-10-31 | 2022-10-31 | Elevator brake control method |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN115611113A (en) |
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- 2022-10-31 CN CN202211346497.3A patent/CN115611113A/en active Pending
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