CN115605559A - 用于联合应用结垢去除剂和结垢抑制剂的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于两种处理的联合应用的方法,所述两种处理一种用于结垢去除,另一种用于抑制剂挤注。同时置于储层内允许其用于碳酸盐地层的结垢去除作业,如盐下情况。因此,本发明通过用于管理结垢的过程的创新提高了储层管理效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及应用于钻井和完井领域以及提升和流动技术中的通过同时定位在储层内联合应用结垢去除和挤注两种处理,旨在保证油田的生产率。
背景技术
巴西的大部分石油生产发生在海上场景,因此在寻找减轻与环境特征相关的问题(例如,越来越深的水深、海床的低温、生产井与海上生产单元之间的距离(有时达到8km)、生产线与海床环境之间的热交换、海底生产***内的有机化合物(例如石蜡、沥青质)的沉淀和无机盐(例如硫酸锶和碳酸钙)的沉积物)的解决方案时,关于流动保障技术的石油工程师一直受到海洋环境的挑战。
油田生产的开发是非常复杂的过程,因为在安装生产***之后直至油田生产,需要对其生产进行维护。
每年,Petrobras以与世界各地的其他运营商相同的方式花费数百万美元来纠正生产***中结垢过程的负面影响,因为这些的发生导致油田生产率下降,从而导致油田生产所产生的收入发生损失。
为了保证油田的生产率,通过注入井在储层中进行海水注入,目的在于保持排空的储层的压力,替换被移出的物质,也为了使石油朝向生产井移位。在穿过储层时,海水与储层的水接触,由于化学组成不同,发生结垢盐的形成,所述结垢盐从储层、生产井、海底管线、固定生产单元(Stationary Production Unit,SPU)的生产***的生产立管中沉积。
以这种方式,根据形成的结垢的类型(无论是有机的还是无机的),通过应用不同的方法进行结垢去除处理。
结垢去除处理通过以下过程完成:从连接至SPU的增产船泵送,并由此通过生产线和/或气举到达井采油树,随后到达生产管柱,直至将其注入到储层中。然后使去除处理在储层内保持一段时间来以这种方式通过溶解所形成的结垢进行结垢去除。
然而,必要时,在去除处理之后,还在储层中进行抑制处理。首先,一些步骤将是必要的,例如将井投入生产以恢复储层中的残余结垢去除处理。在从储层中完全清洁结垢去除产物之后,然后将进行第二作业,这将是抑制作业,其包括将结垢抑制剂产品注入到罐中,所述结垢抑制剂产品被设计成使用寿命取决于储层岩对所应用的产品的吸附和解吸特性,其随着储层所产生的水逐渐得到。
依次进行两次作业所需的时间将更长,根据两次作业之间井的清洁,这可能花费数天;通过本发明的创新,减少了清洁时间,并通过完井探测和增产船优化了关键资源利用。
专利申请BR1020170255905涉及用于提取烃的地下地层处理领域,特别地涉及旨在防止和/或减少结垢形成的地下地层处理方法。更具体地,其为通过注入包含至少一种结垢抑制化合物和至少一种聚合物的缔合物来处理地下地层的方法。该处理方法包括依次注入或以混合物注入结垢抑制剂和聚合物。在依次注入的情况下,首先注入抑制剂。在结垢抑制剂之后注入聚合物。在与仅使用结垢抑制剂的注入处理相比时,依次组合注入或混合组合注入结垢抑制剂和聚合物可以使注入处理的持续时间为三倍。
文献US4602683涉及地下结垢抑制剂的挤注处理。更特别地,将溶解度随着pH降低而显著降低的结垢抑制剂溶液注入到邻近生产井的地下地层中,稍后降低溶液的pH以使结垢抑制剂在地层中沉淀。
文献US20030150613公开了地下地层的一步挤注处理,其包括包含酸、结垢抑制剂和还原剂的处理。还原剂的存在防止了***中的铁离子与结垢抑制剂反应并形成沉淀物,并使铁离子保持在亚铁态。
论文“Rosa,Calin et al.Comportamento de reagentes inibidores deaplicados nadede petróleo,Revista Matéria,PortoAlegre,v.20,n.02,p.514-522,2015年3月”旨在合成并分析两种类型的结垢抑制剂,目的是评估它们对由钙离子形成的结垢的抑制效率,以及它们与模拟巴西石油平台的勘探中所涉及的水组成的阳离子和阴离子盐水的相容性。研究了包含膦酸盐和胺(IN-A)官能团以及聚合物(IN-B)官能团的两种抑制剂在巴西海上平台石油开采中的应用。
与其他文献不同,本发明公开了通过同时定位在储层内的联合应用结垢去除和结垢抑制剂挤注两种处理可以应用于碳酸盐地层的结垢去除作业,如盐下(pre-salt)情况。
因此,所提及的文件未公开将结垢去除剂和结垢抑制剂挤注溶液混合在一起形成单一溶液,将其注入到储层中以同时提供碳酸盐地层结垢去除及随后的储层岩的抑制。
以这种方式,本发明提高了储层管理过程的效率,因为结垢去除剂和结垢抑制剂的联合应用将产生经济收益,这是由于减少了作业时间,从而优化了处理时间,减少了井将关闭而不生产石油的时间,从而提高了井的生产率,由此改善了油田的生产曲线,并因此改善了过程的NPV。
此外,在项目的NPV因油田生产曲线的增加而增加的情况下,由于油田生产流量的维持,通过减少处理总数的可能性,油田生产的开发存在经济性。此外,由于被认为是关键资源的探测时间减少,项目NPV增加。
发明内容
本发明涉及结垢去除和抑制剂挤注两种处理的联合应用。通过同时定位在储层内,其可以应用于碳酸盐地层的结垢去除作业中,例如盐下情况。这是通过结垢管理过程的创新来提高储层管理效率的方法。
附图说明
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明,附图以示意性而不是限制本发明范围的方式表示了其实施方案的实例。在附图中:
-图1示出了固定生产单元、增产船、伴热柔性管线(coflexip line)、生产线、气举线、湿式采油树、生产管柱和储层的代表性视图;
-图2示出了这样的代表性视图:将酸溶液与结垢抑制剂一起泵送,从增产船通过伴热柔性管线到达固定生产单元,从固定生产单元通过生产线到达湿式采油树,并从湿式采油树通过管柱到达储层;
-图3示出了这样的代表性视图:在酸与储层接触的设定时间之后打开井,以从储层中去除废酸同时将抑制剂固定在储层岩中,废酸通过管柱上升,穿过湿式采油树,并通过生产线到达固定生产单元,将在固定生产单元处对其进行处理。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及用于联合应用两种处理的方法,即,用于结垢去除和/或储层增产以及抑制剂挤注的方法。去除和/或储层增产可以通过去除溶液进行,所述去除溶液为任意酸,优选为乙酸、甲酸和盐酸。使用与固定生产单元(1)平行定位在海平面(12)上通过伴热柔性管线(5)连接至固定生产单元(1)的增产船(2),将酸和抑制剂的混合物泵送通过固定生产单元(1),随后通过生产线(3)或气举线(4)(二者均浸入水层中(13)),直到定位在泥浆线(11)中的湿式采油树(6),酸和抑制剂的混合物在湿式采油树(6)处进入井中,随后进入生产管柱(7),以同时定位在储层(8)内,利用储层岩的堵塞物使混合物在储层(8)处保留基于进行的测试所计划的设计时间,用于储层的增产、用于损害的去除以及用于储层(8)的抑制;在设定的用于处理时间之后,为了进行向固定生产单元(1)的生产,打开井,然后得到驻留在储层(9)中的混合物(留下吸附在储层(10)中的抑制剂),混合物通过生产管柱(7),穿过湿式采油树(6),并从湿式采油树(6)到达生产线(3),直至到达固定生产单元(1)处,将在固定生产单元(1)处在生产设备中对混合物和油进行加工。这种类型的方法可以应用于碳酸盐地层的结垢去除作业,例如盐下情况。这是通过结垢管理过程的创新来提高储层管理效率的方法。
实施例1:结垢抑制剂的动态效率测试
使用在活性物质的浓度不同且存在基于通式为RP(O)(OH)2的衍生自膦酸的化合物的相同活性成分的产品进行结垢抑制剂的动态效率测试,所述测试使用具有来自井7-LL-2D-RJS的采出水的化学组成的合成采出水在62℃下进行。该结果确定了活性物质的浓度不同且基于通式为RP(O)(OH)2的衍生自膦酸的化合物的抑制剂的最小有效浓度分别为10mg/L和20mg/L。
实施例2:多孔介质中的流动测试
在其中使用了10%体积/体积的基于通式为RP(O)(OH)2的衍生自膦酸的化合物的抑制剂稀释在2%质量/体积KCl溶液中的制剂的多孔介质中的在先流动测试表明,抑制剂吸附在储层岩上并随后解吸,不对其渗透性造成损害。该测试在实验室中模拟了结垢抑制剂挤注的处理,并允许获得吸附等温线,吸附等温线可以用于确定生产井处理的量并评估这些处理的寿命。
实施例3:多孔介质中的流动测试
在该多孔介质中的流动测试中,使用了两种制剂:一种是20%体积/体积的基于通式为RP(O)(OH)2的衍生自膦酸的化合物的抑制剂在15%HCL中的制剂,另一种是供应的商业抑制剂。在60℃下进行的测试表明,抑制剂不对酸化效率产生负面影响。抑制剂固定在储层岩中,稍后释放(10),不对其渗透性造成另外的损害。基于通式为RP(O)(OH)2的衍生自膦酸的化合物的抑制剂表现出与以下物质相容:合成采出水(钙含量范围为2080mg/L至20000mg/L)、15%HCl溶液和10%乙酸溶液。
在这项创新中,将结垢去除剂溶液和结垢抑制剂挤注溶液混合,并由此形成单一溶液,将其注入以同时提供盐下的结垢去除随后碳酸盐岩抑制。
由于在实验室规模上使用来自Barra Velha do Campo de Lula储层的芯样品获得的令人满意的结果,稀释在75%HCl或10%乙酸缓冲液(cushion)中的基于通式为RP(O)(OH)2的衍生自膦酸的化合物的商业结垢抑制剂的应用和评估也推荐用于测试油田和试验井。对于油田测试,在试验井生产场景中,推荐添加具有20%体积/体积的基于通式为RP(O)(OH)2的衍生自膦酸的化合物的抑制剂的酸缓冲液。
此外,推荐在酸缓冲液末端应用相同的抑制剂,随后应用含水酸化顶替液(overflush)和另一种有机物。因此,预计该处理消耗60,000升基于通式为RP(O)(OH)2的衍生自膦酸的化合物的抑制剂。
还推荐对基于通式为RP(O)(OH)2的衍生自膦酸的化合物的抑制剂与生产体系中投配的材料、采出流体和其他化学品的相容性进行评估。推荐的处理的效率应当基于对采出水组成、残余结垢抑制剂、生产测试的监测以及对PDG(downhole pressure gage,井下压力计)和TPI(interval temperature gage,间隔式温度计)数据的评估进行评估。
应当注意,尽管已经关于附图描述了本发明,但本领域技术人员可以根据具体情况进行修改和调整,但条件是该修改和调整在本文所限定的发明范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于联合应用结垢去除剂和结垢抑制剂的方法,其特征在于所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)制备结垢去除剂溶液;
b)制备结垢抑制剂挤注溶液;
c)将先前制备的溶液混合,形成单一溶液;
d)在60℃的温度下使用从井中得到的钙含量范围为2,080mg/L至20,000mg/L的水将混合物注入到储层中,以同时提供结垢去除及随后储层岩的抑制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于联合应用结垢去除剂和结垢抑制剂的方法,其特征在于去除溶液为任意酸,优选为乙酸、甲酸和盐酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于联合应用结垢去除剂和结垢抑制剂的方法,其特征在于所述结垢抑制剂是以下产品类型中的一种,所述产品类型包括活性物质的浓度不同且具有基于通式为RP(O)(OH)2的衍生自膦酸的化合物的相同活性成分并且能够存在不同数量和类型的膦酸基团(二、三、四和五)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于联合应用结垢去除剂和结垢抑制剂的方法,其特征在于所述结垢抑制剂的浓度范围为10mg/L至20mg/L。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于联合应用结垢去除剂和结垢抑制剂的方法,其特征在于将所述结垢抑制剂以10%体积/体积的浓度稀释在2%质量/体积KCl溶液中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于联合应用结垢去除剂和结垢抑制剂的方法,其特征在于将所述结垢抑制剂以20%体积/体积的浓度稀释在15%HCl溶液或10%乙酸中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于联合应用结垢去除剂和结垢抑制剂的方法,其特征在于所提出的处理将储层增产、结垢去除和结垢抑制三重功能结合在一起,主要是通过基质酸化以及随后使抑制剂缓冲液主要分布在非均质和反应性储层中而进行。
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