CN115600855A - GIS-based urban planning land intensity partitioning method, system and storage medium - Google Patents
GIS-based urban planning land intensity partitioning method, system and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a GIS-based land intensity partitioning method, a system and a storage medium for urban planning, which comprises the following steps: collecting basic data of the current situation of a target city; constructing an intensity partition grade evaluation index system which comprises a target layer, a factor layer and an index layer; the target layer takes the intensity subarea grade as an evaluation target, and the intensity subarea grade is divided according to the intensity subarea of a target city; the factor layer comprises a service factor, a traffic factor and an environment factor; the index layer comprises a distance from the center of the area, a traffic convenience degree and a distance from a public green land; assigning values to the service factors of each area; assigning values to the traffic factors of each area; assigning values to the traffic factors of each area; respectively carrying out weighted summation calculation on the assignments of the service factors, the traffic factors and the environment factors of each area to obtain the preliminary strength partition grade of each area; and adjusting the preliminary intensity partition level to form the intensity partition level of each area of the target city.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of urban planning, and particularly relates to a GIS-based method, a GIS-based system and a GIS-based storage medium for partitioning the urban planning land intensity.
Background
With the continuous acceleration of the urbanization process, the urban construction is changed day by day, the contradiction between supply and demand of land is prominent, the phenomena of extensive urban land utilization mode, tense land, low concentration, low urban quality and the like are presented, and particularly, the low-strength disordered spreading development is presented in the edge region of the city, so that the urban development strength is unreasonable. Therefore, the reasonable control of the urban development intensity is an effective choice for realizing the potential of saving intensive land, improving the urban quality, utilizing the land storage quantity and releasing low-efficiency and idle land.
At present, china advocates intensive development, total amount control and capacity limitation of urban construction, and draws close to high-quality development, high-quality life and high-level treatment.
The volume fraction is a core index of the urban land construction strength. If the volume rate is too high, the urban environment quality is reduced, traffic jam is caused, and the loads of public service facilities and infrastructure are too heavy; if the volume ratio is too low, the land use efficiency and the use value are difficult to be effectively exerted, so that the demand of urban construction land is increased, and the urban expansion speed is accelerated.
The research on land construction strength is a systematic research on a three-dimensional layer, and aims to implement urban land construction indexes, guide urban planning and construction implementation, guide urban spatial layout development and urban land construction, management and management.
The existing patents CN 108335007 (a model and a method for calculating urban land re-development strength), CN 114066334 (a method, a device, a computer equipment and a storage medium for controlling land development strength), and CN 113849976A (a method, a device and a equipment for evaluating development strength of planned land) usually propose relevant constraint indexes from the microscopic perspective, and provide land development strength data by inputting land and traffic characteristic data and calculating a traffic bearing capacity model, so as to provide a basis for developing volume for relevant planning. The used methods mostly adopt an empirical analysis method (analogy to the conditions of the land property and the volume ratio of similar areas) and a traffic demand prediction method (forecasting the traffic volume by using traffic demand forecasting software VISUM and TransCAD so as to forecast the land volume ratio).
In such a view, the volume ratio of the extreme value of land used is usually obtained under the condition of traffic bearing limit, but the volume ratio actually adopted by urban planning is usually determined based on multi-factor comprehensive consideration, so that the consideration of evaluation factors such as supporting facility conditions, environmental conditions, urban history, context protection, ecological environment, land price factors, planning intention, landscape structure, land price factors and the like of urban planning land is yet to be supplemented.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the background technology, and provides a GIS-based urban planning land intensity partitioning method, a GIS-based urban planning land intensity partitioning system and a GIS-based storage medium, which can conveniently, intuitively and comprehensively evaluate the quantitative matching relationship between the urban planning land intensity partitioning and the quantification of each influence factor, so that the scientificity and high efficiency of urban land intensity evaluation in urban planning work are improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a GIS-based land intensity partitioning method for city planning comprises the following steps:
collecting basic data of the current situation of a target city, wherein the basic data comprises traffic data, service facility data, ecological environment data, land price data, planning intention data and planning population and per-capita building area data;
constructing an intensity partition grade evaluation index system which comprises a target layer, a factor layer and an index layer; the target layer takes an intensity partition grade as an evaluation target, and the intensity partition grade is divided according to the intensity partition of a target city; the factor layer comprises a service factor, a traffic factor and an environment factor; the index layer comprises a distance from the center of the area, a traffic convenience degree and a distance from a public green land;
respectively obtaining the distance between each area and the center of the area according to the service facility data of the target city, and assigning values to the service factors of each area based on the distance between each area and the center of the area;
respectively obtaining the traffic convenience degree of each area according to the traffic data of the target city, and assigning values to the traffic factors of each area based on the traffic convenience degree of each area;
respectively obtaining the distance between each area and a public green land according to the ecological environment data of the target city, and assigning values to the traffic factors of each area based on the distance between each area and the public green land;
respectively carrying out weighted summation calculation on the assignment values of the service factor, the traffic factor and the environment factor of each area to obtain the preliminary strength partition grade of each area;
acquiring the total building amount of a target city; and if the error between the calculated total building quantity of the target city and the planned total building quantity is larger than a set value, adjusting the preliminary strength subarea grade according to the ecological environment data, the land price data and the planning intention data until the error between the calculated total building quantity of the target city and the planned total building quantity is smaller than the set value, and forming the final strength subarea grade of each area of the target city.
In the above technical solution, the calculation process of the total building amount of the target city includes:
distinguishing the attributes of land of each area of a target city; the attributes comprise residential, commercial, public and industrial sites;
acquiring the volume ratios of residential land, commercial land, business land and public service land of a target city at each intensity zone level as the volume ratios of the residential land, the commercial land, the business land and the public service land of the target city at each intensity zone level;
acquiring an industrial land construction strength index partition mode of a target city and a corresponding volume ratio of the target city, and performing strength partition grade division and volume ratio setting on the industrial land of the target city by referring to the industrial land construction strength index partition mode of the target city;
and calculating to obtain the total building amount of the target city according to the attributes of the regions of the target city, the corresponding intensity subareas and the corresponding volume ratios. The invention verifies the rationality of the city planning land intensity subarea by checking the error between the total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount, further ensures the validity of the finally output intensity subarea result and provides accurate data support for later planning work.
In the above technical solution, the method further comprises the following steps: respectively forming and outputting a residential and public service facility land intensity zone map and an industrial and warehousing land intensity zone map of the target city according to the final intensity zone grade of each region of the target city; the intensity zone map for the residential and public service facilities is used for representing intensity zone levels corresponding to residential land, commercial land and public service area in the target city; the intensity zone map of the industrial land and the warehousing land is used for representing the intensity zone grade corresponding to the industrial land area in the target city. The map form is favorable for displaying the result of the city planning land intensity zone control more intuitively, and is convenient for direct utilization of data.
In the above technical solution, the traffic factor includes a rail traffic factor and a road traffic factor; the traffic convenience degree corresponding to the rail traffic factor is the distance between adjacent rail traffic stations; the traffic convenience degree corresponding to the road traffic factor is the distance between the road traffic factor and the main road and the distance between the road traffic factor and the secondary main road. The accessibility of road traffic is reflected through the traffic factor, the influence of traffic conditions on the urban planning land intensity is favorably embodied, the intensity zoning result is ensured to be more consistent with the actual urban scene, and the accuracy of the intensity zoning result is improved.
In the above technical solution, the process of readjusting the preliminary intensity partition level according to the ecological environment data, the land price data, and the planning intention data includes:
after the error between the calculated total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount is judged to be larger than a set value, the calculated total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount are compared;
if the total building amount of the target city is smaller than the planned total building amount, sequentially improving the strength partition grade of the specific area according to the land price data and the planning intention data; adjusting the land price data to the limit, and then adjusting by adopting planning intention data;
if the total building amount of the target city is larger than the planned total building amount, reducing the strength partition grade of the specific area according to the ecological environment data, the land price data and the planning intention data in sequence; adjusting the ecological environment data to the limit, and then adjusting by adopting land price data; adjusting the land price data to the limit, and then adjusting by adopting planning intention data;
when the intensity zoning grade of a specific area is adjusted by adopting ecological environment data, the intensity zoning grade is directly adjusted to be the lowest intensity; when the land price data and the planning intention data are adopted to adjust the intensity partition levels of the specific area, only one level is increased or decreased each time; the strength zone grade is the highest grade or the lowest grade, namely the limit is reached;
recalculating the error between the total building quantity of the target city and the planned total building quantity after each adjustment; and when the error between the calculated total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount is judged to be less than or equal to a set value, finishing the adjustment process.
According to the invention, after each adjustment, comparison judgment of the error between the total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount and a set value is carried out, the strength of a specific area is increased or reduced again according to the judgment result, the continuous correction result can be continuously updated in an iterative manner, and the correction efficiency and accuracy are ensured.
In the above technical solution, the process of adjusting the preliminary intensity partition level according to the ecological environment data includes: and reducing the strength zone grade of the adjacent land blocks of the ecological land of the target city to the lowest grade. The ecological sensitivity of each area is reflected by ecological factors, so that the influence of ecological protection on the urban planning land intensity is favorably embodied, the intensity zoning result is ensured to be more consistent with the actual urban scene, and the accuracy of the intensity zoning result is improved.
In the above technical solution, the process of adjusting the preliminary strength partition level according to the price per earth data includes: automatically identifying and classifying according to the change degree of the land prices by adopting a natural discontinuous point classification method based on the current situation reference land prices of residential and commercial land of a target city to form a land price subarea; the grade number and the sorting mode of the land price subareas are the same as the grade of the strength subareas; and adjusting the intensity partition grade of the area corresponding to the highest grade of the land price partition by one grade upwards or adjusting the intensity partition grade of the area corresponding to the lowest grade of the land price partition by one grade downwards during each adjustment. The distribution condition of the reference land price of each area is reflected by the land price factor, so that the guidance effect of the urban land price on the urban planning land utilization strength is favorably embodied, the strength partitioning result is ensured to be more consistent with the actual urban scene, and the accuracy of the strength partitioning result is improved.
In the above technical solution, the process of adjusting the preliminary intensity partition level according to the planning intention data includes: and in each adjustment, the intensity partition grade corresponding to the region where the government focus development land parcel and project are located is adjusted by one level upwards, or the intensity partition grade corresponding to the region where the government focus protection or restriction development region is located is adjusted by one level downwards. The government development intentions of each region are reflected by the planning factors, so that the intensity subareas are matched with government-related policies, plans and development intentions, the intensity subarea result is ensured to be more consistent with the actual urban scene, and the accuracy of the intensity subarea result is improved.
In the technical scheme, the intensity zoning map of the industrial and storage land of the target city is output, and the corresponding intensity index control table is output at the same time; the strength index control table is used for representing the partitioning mode of the strength index of the industrial land construction and the corresponding volume ratio. According to the existing resident industry types of different industrial parks, the experience of the intensity indexes of the similar industrial parks of the standard city and different industry types is used for reference, so that the intensity index of the intensity subarea is closer to reality.
The invention provides a GIS-based land intensity partitioning system for urban planning, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a basic data acquisition module, an evaluation index system generation module, an intensity partition grade evaluation module and a correction module;
the basic data acquisition module is used for collecting basic data of the current situation of a target city, wherein the basic data comprises traffic data, service facility data, ecological environment data, land price data, planning intention data and planning population and per capita building area data;
the evaluation index system generation module is used for constructing a strength partition grade evaluation index system which comprises a target layer, a factor layer and an index layer; the target layer takes the intensity subarea grade as an evaluation target, and the intensity subarea grade is divided according to the intensity subarea of a target city; the factor layer comprises a service factor, a traffic factor and an environment factor; the index layer comprises a distance from the center of the area, a traffic convenience degree and a distance from a public green land;
the intensity partition grade evaluation module is used for respectively obtaining the distance between each area and the center of each area according to the service facility data of the target city and assigning a service factor of each area based on the distance between each area and the center of each area; respectively obtaining the traffic convenience degree of each area according to the traffic data of the target city, and assigning values to the traffic factors of each area based on the traffic convenience degree of each area; respectively obtaining the distance between each area and a public green land according to the ecological environment data of the target city, and assigning values to the traffic factors of each area based on the distance between each area and the public green land; respectively carrying out weighted summation calculation on the assignments of the service factors, the traffic factors and the environment factors of each area to obtain the preliminary strength partition grade of each area;
the correction module is used for acquiring the total building amount of the target city; and if the error between the calculated total building quantity of the target city and the planned total building quantity is larger than a set value, adjusting the preliminary strength subarea grade according to the ecological environment data, the land price data and the planning intention data until the error between the calculated total building quantity of the target city and the planned total building quantity is smaller than the set value, and forming the final strength subarea grade of each area of the target city.
The invention provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the steps of the GIS-based city planning land occupation intensity partitioning method according to the technical scheme.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the invention provides a method for evaluating the influence factors of the intensity subarea evaluation of the method by exploring the application of multi-source data in the development intensity control of urban construction land by means of a Geographic Information System (GIS), and taking the Geographic database as the basis and the superposition analysis and the buffer area analysis as main means. Besides the consideration of land type division and traffic zone area factors, a service factor, an environment factor, an ecological factor, a land price factor and a planning factor are additionally added, a GIS data analysis system is used for constructing an evaluation basic model and a correction model of urban land strength, an efficient evaluation method of urban development strength division which accords with practical application scenes is provided, technical guidance and reference strength division are effectively provided for the urban development strength division, the influence of artificial factors in the conventional urban planning is avoided, and data information of a city to be planned is analyzed and calculated by providing a data processing method, so that a strength division result which accords with planning requirements is obtained.
The method fully considers various factors such as traffic conditions, service conditions, environmental conditions and the like, reasonably divides the urban construction land intensity into regions, improves the partition efficiency of strengthening urban development and utilization, and provides data support for urban development decisions.
The method adopts a new evaluation model, avoids the influence on an evaluation system caused by the offset or amplification of single-factor evaluation results due to the difference of various influence factors in the common method, and therefore, the method adopts the new evaluation method, ensures the influence of each factor on the final evaluation result, and ensures the accuracy and the reference value of the evaluation result.
According to the invention, each influence factor is subjected to data processing in the evaluation process, a visual chart is formed, the partition result can be visually displayed, a GIS tool can be conveniently and rapidly used for carrying out rapid analysis, meanwhile, the storage and calculation work is convenient, and quantitative parameters can also more visually distinguish the influence of each factor on the final result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a technical framework diagram of the urban planning land use intensity zoning evaluation method of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the urban planning land intensity partition correction process.
Fig. 3 is a service factor evaluation partition diagram established in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a traffic factor evaluation partition map established by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of environmental factor evaluation partitions established in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the base model overlay partition created in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an ecological factor correction distribution diagram established by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a land price factor correction distribution diagram established by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a layout factor correction distribution diagram established by the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 is a plot of residential and utility land intensity zones established by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a plot of intensity zones for industrial and warehouse sites created in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention, but are for clear understanding.
The invention provides a GIS-based land intensity partitioning method for urban planning, which comprises the following steps of:
collecting basic data of the current situation of a target city, wherein the basic data comprises traffic data, service facility data, ecological environment data, land price data, planning intention data and planning population and per-capita building area data;
constructing a strength partition grade evaluation index system which comprises a target layer, a factor layer and an index layer; the target layer takes the intensity subarea grade as an evaluation target, and the intensity subarea grade is divided according to the intensity subarea of a target city; the factor layer comprises a service factor, a traffic factor and an environment factor; the index layer comprises a distance from the center of the area, a traffic convenience degree and a distance from a public green land;
respectively obtaining the distance between each area and the center of each area according to the service facility data of the target city, and assigning values to the service factors of each area based on the distance between each area and the center of each area;
respectively acquiring traffic convenience degrees of all areas according to traffic data of a target city, and assigning values to traffic factors of all areas based on the traffic convenience degrees of all areas;
respectively acquiring the distance between each area and a public green land according to the ecological environment data of the target city, and assigning values to the traffic factors of each area based on the distance between each area and the public green land;
respectively carrying out weighted summation calculation on the assignment values of the service factor, the traffic factor and the environment factor of each area to obtain the preliminary strength partition grade of each area of the target city;
acquiring the total building amount of a target city; and if the error between the calculated total building quantity of the target city and the planned total building quantity is larger than a set value, adjusting the preliminary strength subarea grade according to the ecological environment data, the land price data and the planning intention data until the error between the calculated total building quantity of the target city and the planned total building quantity is smaller than the set value, and forming the final planned land construction strength subarea grade of each area of the target city.
The intensity of the invention refers to the land construction intensity in urban planning.
In the above technical solution, the calculation process of the total building amount of the target city includes:
distinguishing the attributes of each region of a target city; the attributes comprise residential, commercial, public and industrial sites;
acquiring the volume rates of residential land, commercial land, business land and public service land of the target city at each intensity zone level of the target city, and taking the volume rates as the volume rates of the residential land, the commercial land, the business land and the public service land at each intensity zone level of the target city;
acquiring an industrial land construction intensity index partition mode of a target city and a corresponding volume ratio of the industrial land construction intensity index partition mode, and performing intensity partition grade division and volume ratio setting on the industrial land of the target city;
and calculating to obtain the total building amount of the target city according to the attributes of the regions of the target city, the corresponding intensity subareas and the corresponding volume ratios.
In the above technical solution, the process of readjusting the preliminary intensity partition level according to the ecological environment data, the land price data, and the planning intention data includes:
after the error between the total building quantity of the target city obtained by calculation and the planned total building quantity is judged to be larger than a set value, the total building quantity of the target city obtained by calculation and the planned total building quantity are compared;
if the total building amount of the target city is smaller than the planned total building amount, sequentially improving the strength partition grade of the specific area according to the land price data and the planning intention data; adjusting the land price data to the limit, and then adjusting by adopting planning intention data;
if the total building amount of the target city is larger than the planned total building amount, reducing the strength partition grade of the specific area according to the ecological environment data, the land price data and the planning intention data in sequence; adjusting the ecological environment data to the limit, and then adjusting by adopting land price data; adjusting the land price data to the limit, and then adjusting by adopting planning intention data;
when the intensity zoning grade of a specific area is adjusted by adopting ecological environment data, the intensity zoning grade is directly adjusted to be the lowest intensity; when the land price data and the planning intention data are adopted to adjust the intensity partition levels of the specific area, only one level is increased or decreased each time; the strength zone grade is the highest grade or the lowest grade, namely the limit is reached;
recalculating the error between the total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount after each adjustment; and when the error between the calculated total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount is judged to be less than or equal to a set value, finishing the adjustment process.
As shown in fig. 1, a specific embodiment 1 provides a method for partitioning land for city planning based on a GIS, which includes the following steps:
s0, collecting the current data: collecting basic data of the current situation of the target city, including traffic data: the subway trend, the station position and the main and secondary trunk trends; service facility data: large commercial facility points, POI service facility points; ecological environment data: urban park greenbelts, suburb greenbelts, river water systems and mountain system distribution positions; land price data: partitioning an urban land price space; planning intention data: the government has spatial distribution data for central axes of cities, spatial distribution maps of important nodes and spatial distribution data for space protection and development of important cities; checking data: the planning population and the planning population of the overall planning of the target city are the building areas of the planning population.
S1, establishing a basic model, and performing factor evaluation from three aspects: selecting an evaluation factor: the method comprises the steps of constructing an evaluation grading system by using service factors, traffic factors and environment factors, wherein the evaluation grading system comprises a target layer, a factor layer and an index layer; the target layer takes the intensity subarea grade as an evaluation target, and the intensity subarea grade is divided according to the intensity subarea of a target city; the factor layer comprises a service factor, a traffic factor and an environment factor; the index layer comprises the distance from the center of the area, the traffic convenience degree and the distance from the public green land. And (3) carrying out buffer area analysis by utilizing ArcGIS software, carrying out score assignment on each index evaluation factor, and carrying out multi-factor weighted superposition on the three factors by utilizing the function of GIS space multi-factor weighted superposition analysis to obtain the intensity partition grade of each area output by the basic model. The strength-zoning grades comprise high strength, medium and low strength.
The service factors mainly refer to city-level and group-level business service centers. The influence area of the assignment of the distance between a person walking for 10 minutes (1000 meters) and a vehicle walking for 10 minutes (3000 meters) to reach the business service center is assigned as 1.8 and 1.2 respectively. Considering the difference in the influence between the city level center and the district level center, the corresponding weight should be given on the basis of the partition of two service conditions, i.e. the city level center 0.6 and the district level center 0.4, as shown in table 1.
Evaluation criteria of service factor Table 1
The buffer analysis using GIS assigns index values to the service factor evaluation criteria, as shown in figure 3.
The traffic factor mainly comprises: track impact factors and road impact factors. The traffic convenience degree corresponding to the rail traffic factor is the distance between adjacent rail traffic stations; the traffic convenience degree corresponding to the road traffic factor is the distance between the road traffic factor and the main road and the distance between the road traffic factor and the secondary road.
Track traffic factor: referring to relevant experience, the travel time of residents is mostly concentrated in the range of 6-10 minutes, and the reasonable range of walking is 400-700 meters. The temporary regulation on the intensity management of the regional construction of the main urban area in XX city proposes 400 meters of temporary rail transit stations as the adjustment coefficients of the traffic zones. The method assigns a coverage area of 400 meters around the rail transit station as 2, and assigns other areas as 1.
Evaluation criteria of track traffic factors table 2
Road traffic factor: the accessibility of road traffic directly affects the value and development intensity of land development. Referring to relevant experience, 150 meters of the trunk road are assigned to be 3, 300 meters of the trunk road are assigned to be 2, and other areas are assigned to be 1; and assigning 3 to the secondary trunk line within 100, assigning 2 to the secondary trunk line within 200 meters, and assigning 1 to other areas.
The evaluation criteria of the traffic factor are assigned with index values by applying buffer analysis of the GIS, as shown in fig. 4.
Evaluation criteria of road traffic factor Table 3
Environmental factors: public greenbelts have a particular distance attenuation effect on the effect of volume fraction distribution, and land prices directly facing public greenbelts tend to be particularly high, resulting in particularly high volume fractions. From experience, park greens were judged to have the most significant effect on the development intensity of land in the range of 100 meters around, followed by a distance of 6 minutes of walking.
And the parameter assignment of the environmental condition partition based on the public greenbelt influence adopts the following steps: the park green land is assigned 3 within 100 meters, and the park green land is assigned 2 within 6 minutes (400 meters) by walking; assigning 1 to other regions; the public greenfield itself, as a non-development land, is assigned a value of 0. The evaluation criteria of the environmental factors are assigned index values by using GIS buffer analysis, as shown in fig. 5.
Evaluation criteria of environmental factors Table 4
According to the traffic condition, service condition and environmental condition partition parameter assignment and corresponding weight, performing weighted superposition analysis, referring to relevant experience, and the influence rule of service, traffic and environmental factors on density distribution is that the service factor is 0.45, the traffic factor is 0.35 and the environmental factor is 0.2, as shown in table 5.
Table 5 for various evaluation factors and weights of basic model
| Evaluation factor | Weight of |
| Service factor | 0.45 |
| Traffic factor | 0.35 |
| Environmental factor | 0.2 |
Utilizing ArcGIS software to carry out multi-factor weighted stack analysis, carrying out scoring assignment on evaluation results of various indexes, and establishing a comprehensive evaluation model by combining weight calculation of the indexes as follows:
F＝∑Q i W i
wherein F represents a comprehensive evaluation index of any one region, Q i Index value of the expression factor W i Representing an index weight; i =1,2,3, respectively, in turn referring to service factor, traffic factor and environmental factor.
According to the ranking of the comprehensive evaluation indexes of all the regions, all the region planning regions are divided into five intensity regions including a high intensity (intensity first region), a medium intensity (intensity second region), a medium intensity (intensity third region), a medium intensity (intensity fourth region) and a low intensity (intensity fifth region), as shown in fig. 6.
Base model comprehensive evaluation intensity partition score definition standard table 6
| Rating of evaluation | Index of comprehensive evaluation |
| High strength (one zone) | 2-2.5 |
| Middle and high strength (two zones) | 1.5-2 |
| Middle strength (three zones) | 1-1.5 |
| Middle low intensity (four zones) | 0.5-1 |
| Low intensity (five zones) | 0-0.5 |
S2, establishing a correction model: the basic model of the intensity partition is relatively ideal mainly from the viewpoint of land use and space efficiency and excludes other influence factors. In consideration of the actual situation, in addition to the economic efficiency and efficiency of the space, it is further necessary to consider the ecological effect, the current standard land price effect, and the planning effect of the future planning intention.
And carrying out multi-factor weighted superposition on the comprehensive score evaluation of the factors and the weighting result of each pairwise score of each factor by an expert in a GIS to form final correction factor comprehensive effect graded evaluation so as to adjust the accuracy of the model, accord with the actual development requirement of the city and bring the intensity zoning model closer to reality.
The invention carries out result correction from three aspects: ecological factors, land price factors and planning factors; the ecological factors consider ecological sensitivity of each region, the land price factors consider land price economic influence of each region, and the planning factors consider planning intents related to each region and further check the strength partition grade results of the basic model.
Specifically, the ecological factor is used for planning ecological land with outstanding ecological functions such as a suburb park, a river system and the like, the sensitivity and the irrecoverability of the ecological environment are considered for the development intensity of the periphery of the ecological land, the volume ratio is reduced, and the intensity zone grade of the area where the adjacent land parcel of the ecological land is located is reduced to a low-intensity area. The ecological factor correction distribution in the planned area is shown in figure 7.
The land price factor is used for representing a reference land price system of the target city. The determination of the reference land pricing system actually takes into account factors such as traffic conditions, commercial service locations, public service facilities and environmental conditions, industry aggregation, and the like. Meanwhile, the method plays a guiding role in price and offering. In the construction of the planned intensity partition model, the reference land price must be included in the model, and the basic model is checked and corrected. Analyzing residential and commercial sites of a central urban area of a target city in a GIS, automatically identifying and classifying the current standard land price according to the variation degree of the land price by adopting a natural discontinuous point classification method, and dividing the current standard land price into 5 grades to correct land parcels with the land price subareas and the basic model strength subarea grades inconsistent with each other. The distribution of correction of the land price factor in the planned area is shown in FIG. 8.
The planning factor mainly means that the planning construction intention of the government starts from related plans such as government working reports in recent years, the intensity partition grade of the region where the government important development land and project are located is adjusted upwards, and the intensity partition grade of the region where the government important protected or limited development region is located is adjusted downwards. Intensity partitions are matched to relevant policies, plans, and development intents. The planning factor correction distribution in the planning region is shown in fig. 9.
S3, establishing a calculation model: and matching the unmodified preliminary intensity partition grade with the intensity partition volume rate index of the main city area corresponding to the target city according to the intensity grade to form a calculation model, and dividing the planning area into five intensity partitions, wherein each intensity partition is endowed with respective reference volume rate.
The specific volume fraction index is calculated as follows:
fi reference volume fraction = Fi Main City district volume fraction
The Fi reference volume rate represents the volume rate corresponding to the intensity zone i level where the calculation model is located, the Fi main urban area volume rate represents the volume rate corresponding to the intensity zone i level of the urban main urban area, and i represents the corresponding intensity level.
City main city residence and public service facilities land construction strength index control table 7
(the following table is also adopted for the index table of the land intensity partition for residential and public service facilities of the target city)
It should be noted that, because of the special property of the industrial land, the industrial land is often determined by combining the industrial positioning of the planning area and the actual land strength requirement, so the embodiment of the present invention, for the strength partition of the industrial land, combines the industrial partitions of the planning area, shares the spatial distribution of various types of 8 large parks and the current construction situation of each park, divides the concentrated area of the special park into three types of strength partitions of the industrial land, and the division is obtained according to the factors that consider the industrial type, the scientific and technological research and development level, other areas, traffic, environment, and the like, and therefore, the method mentioned in the present invention is not adopted. The specific volume rate index is determined by analogy with other various industrial parks and examples, and the volume rate index value is checked and determined through a government approval project, so that the industrial land construction strength index partition control table is finally formed.
Industrial land strength index case reference summary table 8
Industrial land construction intensity partition index control table 9
S4, calculating the total construction amount: and calculating the total amount of the target urban buildings based on the calculation model according to the reference volume ratio corresponding to the intensity subarea formed by the calculation model.
The specific calculation is as follows:
s calculation model construction quantity = S Housing +S Commerce +S Public clothes +S Industrial process ，
S Residence = ＝∑SiRi
Wherein S is Housing And the area of the residential building of the calculation model is represented, si represents the level of the intensity partition where the residential site is located, and Ri represents the area of the residential site falling in the corresponding intensity partition.
Similarly, S Commercial = ＝∑SiB1i
Wherein S is Commerce Representing the calculated model residential building area, si representing the intensity zone rating at which the commercial site is located, and B1i representing the commercial site area falling within the corresponding intensity zone.
Similarly, S Commercial affairs = ＝∑SiB2i
Wherein S is Business affairs And B2i represents the area of the business land in the corresponding intensity partition.
Similarly, S Public clothes = ＝∑SiAi
Wherein S is Public clothes Representing the area of the residential building of the calculation model, si representing the intensity zone level of the public service area, and Ai representing the area of the public service area falling in the corresponding intensity zone.
Similarly, S Industry = ＝∑SiMi
Wherein S is Industrial process The area of the industrial storage building of the calculation model is represented, si represents the intensity subarea grade of the industrial storage land, and Mi represents the area of the industrial storage land falling in the corresponding intensity subarea.
And S Planning urban building quantity Then the urban general rule calculates the planned population and the planned per capita building area:
S planning urban building volume ＝S Planning per capita building area *R Planning urban population
S5, checking the total construction amount: if the target city building amount of the calculation model is approximately equal to the planned city building amount, outputting an intensity partition grade calculation result obtained by the correction model, and if the difference between the calculation model building amount and the planned city building amount is large (the error is more than 10%), correcting the preliminary intensity partition grade result by using the correction model, wherein the application process of the correction model is as follows:
after the error between the total building quantity of the target city obtained by calculation and the planned total building quantity is judged to be larger than a set value, the total building quantity of the target city obtained by calculation and the planned total building quantity are compared;
if the total building amount of the target city is smaller than the planned total building amount, namely the plot ratio is low, the strength zoning grade of the specific area is sequentially improved according to the land price data and the planning intention data; adjusting the land price data to the limit, and then adjusting by adopting planning intention data;
if the total building amount of the target city is larger than the planned total building amount, namely the volume ratio is high, reducing the strength partition grade of the specific area according to the ecological environment data, the land price data and the planning intention data in sequence; adjusting the ecological environment data to the limit, and then adjusting by adopting land price data; adjusting the land price data to the limit, and then adjusting by adopting planning intention data;
when the intensity partition grade of a specific area is adjusted by adopting ecological environment data, the intensity partition grade is directly adjusted to be the lowest intensity; when the land price data and the planning intention data are adopted to adjust the intensity partition levels of the specific area, only one level is increased or decreased each time; the strength zone grade is the highest grade or the lowest grade, namely the limit is reached;
after each adjustment, recalculating the error between the total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount, namely, executing the steps S4 and S5 again; and when the error between the calculated total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount is judged to be less than or equal to a set value, namely the building amount of the target city is approximately equal to the building amount of the planned city (the error is less than 10%), finishing the adjustment process.
And if the error between the calculated total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount is larger than a set value and the total building amount of the target city is larger than the planned total building amount after the operation of improving the strength partition level of the specific area is finished once, executing the operation of reducing the strength partition level of the specific area.
And vice versa, namely if the error between the calculated total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount is larger than the set value and the total building amount of the target city is smaller than the planned total building amount after the operation of reducing the strength partition grade of the specific area is completed once, the operation of improving the strength partition grade of the specific area is executed.
As shown in fig. 2, in the modification process of raising the intensity partition level of the specific area, the priority of the price per earth factor is greater than the planning factor; in the correction process of reducing the strength zone grade of the specific area, the priority of the ecological factor is greater than the land price factor, and the priority of the land price factor is greater than the planning factor; and in the correction process, repeatedly and circularly executing the operation of increasing and reducing the strength zone grade of the specific area according to the error size of the total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount and the positive and negative difference value until the error of the total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount is smaller than a set value.
Specifically, the process of adjusting the preliminary intensity partition level according to the ecological environment data includes: and reducing the strength zone grade of the adjacent land blocks of the ecological land of the target city to the lowest grade.
Specifically, the process of adjusting the preliminary strength partition level according to the land price data includes: automatically identifying and classifying according to the change degree of the land prices by adopting a natural discontinuous point classification method based on the current situation reference land prices of residential and commercial land of a target city to form a land price subarea; the grade number and the sorting mode of the land price subareas are the same as the grade of the strength subareas; and adjusting the intensity partition grade of the area corresponding to the highest grade of the land price partition by one grade upwards or adjusting the intensity partition grade of the area corresponding to the lowest grade of the land price partition by one grade downwards during each adjustment.
Specifically, the process of adjusting the preliminary intensity partition levels according to the planning intent data includes: and during adjustment, the strength partition grade corresponding to the region where the government important development land parcel and the project are located is adjusted upwards by one level, or the strength partition grade corresponding to the region where the government important protected or limited development region is located is adjusted downwards by one level.
S6, forming an intensity partition result: and on the basis of the calculation model, forming a final residential and public service facility land intensity subarea diagram, an industrial and storage land intensity subarea diagram and a corresponding intensity index table of the urban planning area according to a final total amount checking result. As shown in fig. 10 and 11.
Those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of the art.
Claims (10)
1. A GIS-based land intensity partitioning method for city planning is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
collecting basic data of the current situation of a target city, wherein the basic data comprises traffic data, service facility data, ecological environment data, land price data, planning intention data and planning population and per-capita building area data;
constructing a strength partition grade evaluation index system which comprises a target layer, a factor layer and an index layer; the target layer takes the intensity subarea grade as an evaluation target, and the intensity subarea grade is divided according to the intensity subarea of a target city; the factor layer comprises a service factor, a traffic factor and an environment factor; the index layer comprises a distance from the center of the area, a traffic convenience degree and a distance from a public green land;
respectively obtaining the distance between each area and the center of each area according to the service facility data of the target city, and assigning values to the service factors of each area based on the distance between each area and the center of each area;
respectively obtaining the traffic convenience degree of each area according to the traffic data of the target city, and assigning values to the traffic factors of each area based on the traffic convenience degree of each area;
respectively obtaining the distance between each area and a public green land according to the ecological environment data of the target city, and assigning values to the traffic factors of each area based on the distance between each area and the public green land;
respectively carrying out weighted summation calculation on the assignments of the service factors, the traffic factors and the environment factors of each area to obtain the preliminary intensity partition grade of each area of the target city;
acquiring the total building amount of a target city; and if the error between the calculated total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount is larger than a set value, adjusting the preliminary strength partition grade according to the ecological environment data, the land price data and the planning intention data until the error between the calculated total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount is smaller than the set value, and forming the final strength partition grade of each area of the target city.
2. The GIS-based land intensity zoning method for urban planning according to claim 1, characterized in that: the calculation process of the total building amount of the target city comprises the following steps:
distinguishing the attributes of each region of a target city; the attributes comprise residential, commercial, public and industrial sites;
acquiring the volume rates of residential land, commercial land, business land and public service land of the target city at each intensity zone level of the target city, and taking the volume rates as the volume rates of the residential land, the commercial land, the business land and the public service land at each intensity zone level of the target city;
acquiring an industrial land construction strength index partition mode of a target city and a corresponding volume ratio of the target city, and performing strength partition grade division and volume ratio setting on the industrial land of the target city by referring to the industrial land construction strength index partition mode of the target city;
and calculating to obtain the total building amount of the target city according to the attributes of the regions of the target city, the corresponding intensity subareas and the corresponding volume ratios.
3. The GIS-based land intensity zoning method for urban planning according to claim 2, characterized in that: further comprising the steps of: respectively forming and outputting a residential and public service facility land intensity subarea graph and an industrial and storage land intensity subarea graph of the target city according to the final intensity subarea grade of each region of the target city; the intensity zoning map for residential and public service facilities is used for representing intensity zoning grades corresponding to residential land, commercial land and public service area in a target city; the intensity zone map of the industrial land and the warehousing land is used for representing the intensity zone grade corresponding to the industrial land area in the target city.
4. The GIS-based land intensity zoning method for urban planning according to claim 1, characterized in that: the traffic factors comprise rail traffic factors and road traffic factors; the traffic convenience degree corresponding to the rail traffic factor is the distance between adjacent rail traffic stations; the traffic convenience degree corresponding to the road traffic factor is the distance between the road traffic factor and the main road and the distance between the road traffic factor and the secondary road.
5. The GIS-based land intensity zoning method for urban planning according to claim 1, characterized in that: the process of readjusting the preliminary intensity partition level according to the ecological environment data, the land price data and the planning intention data comprises the following steps:
after the error between the total building quantity of the target city obtained by calculation and the planned total building quantity is judged to be larger than a set value, the total building quantity of the target city obtained by calculation and the planned total building quantity are compared;
if the total building amount of the target city is less than the planned total building amount, sequentially increasing the strength partition grade of the specific area according to the land price data and the planning intention data; adjusting the land price data to the limit, and then adjusting by adopting planning intention data;
if the total building amount of the target city is larger than the planned total building amount, reducing the strength partition grade of the specific area according to the ecological environment data, the land price data and the planning intention data in sequence; adjusting the ecological environment data to the limit, and then adjusting by adopting land price data; adjusting the land price data to the limit, and then adjusting by adopting planning intention data;
when the intensity zoning grade of a specific area is adjusted by adopting ecological environment data, the intensity zoning grade is directly adjusted to be the lowest intensity; when the land price data and the planning intention data are adopted to adjust the intensity partition grade of the specific area, only one grade is increased or reduced each time; the strength zone grade is the highest grade or the lowest grade, namely the limit is reached;
recalculating the error between the total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount after each adjustment; and when the error between the calculated total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount is judged to be less than or equal to a set value, ending the adjustment process.
6. The GIS-based land intensity zoning method for urban planning according to claim 5, characterized in that: the process of adjusting the preliminary intensity partition level according to the ecological environment data includes: and reducing the strength zoning grade of the adjacent plots of the ecological land of the target city to the lowest grade.
7. The GIS-based land intensity zoning method for urban planning according to claim 5, wherein: the process of adjusting the preliminary intensity partition level according to the land price data comprises the following steps: automatically identifying and classifying according to the variation degree of the land price by adopting a natural discontinuous point classification method based on the current situation reference land price of the residential and commercial land of the target city to form a land price subarea; the grade number and the sorting mode of the land price subareas are the same as the grade of the strength subareas; and adjusting the intensity partition grade of the area corresponding to the highest grade of the land price partition by one grade upwards or adjusting the intensity partition grade of the area corresponding to the lowest grade of the land price partition by one grade downwards during each adjustment.
8. The GIS-based land intensity zoning method for urban planning according to claim 1, characterized in that: the process of adjusting the preliminary intensity partition levels according to the planning intent data includes: and in each adjustment, the intensity partition grade corresponding to the region where the government focus development land parcel and project are located is adjusted by one level upwards, or the intensity partition grade corresponding to the region where the government focus protection or restriction development region is located is adjusted by one level downwards.
9. A GIS-based land intensity partitioning system for city planning is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a basic data acquisition module, an evaluation index system generation module, an intensity partition grade evaluation module and a correction module;
the basic data acquisition module is used for collecting basic data of the current situation of a target city, wherein the basic data comprises traffic data, service facility data, ecological environment data, land price data, planning intention data and planning population and per capita building area data;
the evaluation index system generation module is used for constructing an intensity partition grade evaluation index system which comprises a target layer, a factor layer and an index layer; the target layer takes an intensity partition grade as an evaluation target, and the intensity partition grade is divided according to the intensity partition of a target city; the factor layer comprises a service factor, a traffic factor and an environment factor; the index layer comprises a distance from the center of the area, a traffic convenience degree and a distance from a public green land;
the intensity partition grade evaluation module is used for acquiring the distance between each area and the center of each area according to the service facility data of the target city and assigning values to the service factors of each area based on the distance between each area and the center of each area; respectively acquiring traffic convenience degrees of all areas according to traffic data of a target city, and assigning values to traffic factors of all areas based on the traffic convenience degrees of all areas; respectively acquiring the distance between each area and a public green land according to the ecological environment data of the target city, and assigning values to the traffic factors of each area based on the distance between each area and the public green land; respectively carrying out weighted summation calculation on the assignments of the service factors, the traffic factors and the environment factors of each area to obtain the preliminary strength partition grade of each area;
the correction module is used for acquiring the total building amount of the target city; and if the error between the calculated total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount is larger than a set value, adjusting the preliminary strength partition grade according to the ecological environment data, the land price data and the planning intention data until the error between the calculated total building amount of the target city and the planned total building amount is smaller than the set value, and forming the final strength partition grade of each area of the target city.
10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the method steps of the GIS-based city planning land occupation partitioning method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN117112703A (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-11-24 | 深圳市规划国土发展研究中心 | Space planning stock unit identification method based on multidimensional analysis |
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| CN117112703A (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-11-24 | 深圳市规划国土发展研究中心 | Space planning stock unit identification method based on multidimensional analysis |
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