CN115598659A - Single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar - Google Patents
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 236
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical group [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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Abstract
The invention relates to a single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar. The detection radar includes: laser module, telescope module, detector and controller. The laser module includes a first laser and a second laser. The first laser is used for generating a first laser beam with a wavelength located on a methane absorption line. The second laser is used for generating a second laser beam with the wavelength outside the methane absorption line. The telescope module is used for transmitting a pair of differential signals formed by the first laser beam and the second laser beam according to a preset control time sequence to a target area of the atmosphere and receiving corresponding echo signals. The detector is used for generating a detection result according to the received echo signal. The controller is used for measuring the methane concentration in the target area according to the detection result. The detector is a single photon detector. The detection radar has the advantage of high sensitivity, and the detection capability of a large concentration area is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of methane monitoring, in particular to a single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar.
Background
In the aspect of environmental protection, methane is used as the second greenhouse gas, and the greenhouse effect per molecule of methane is 72 times that of carbon dioxide, so that the emission of methane needs to be monitored, and currently, methane radar is mostly adopted to monitor the emission of methane. In addition, in the aspect of life and production, the methane radar has the advantage of large detection range, can acquire concentration information of any region in the detection range, and plays a role in danger prevention and leakage source searching which are difficult to replace.
The existing methane radar measurement technology mainly has two categories.
One is a path integral methane radar, which irradiates a hard target far away by laser, and measures the whole optical density of methane on the whole path by using a differential absorption method according to a reflected signal of the hard target.
The second is a distance resolution type coherent methane radar, laser emits to the atmosphere, a single mode receives a backward reflection signal of aerosol in the atmosphere, the backward reflection signal interferes with local oscillation light after frequency shift, and the absorption rate of methane in different distance gates is obtained by measuring the frequency spectrum power of interference signals under different time delays, so that the distance resolution type methane detection is realized. Compared with a path integral methane radar, the method has the advantages that although the measuring distance is shorter and the precision is relatively lower, the distance resolution can be realized, and the positioning of dozens of meters of precision can be realized for the leakage source, so that the method is more practical in the aspects of large-range safety early warning and searching for the leakage source.
However, the above two methods have problems of low light sensitivity and small dynamic range. In the aspect of sensitivity, the conventional photoelectric detector needs nw-level optical signals to respond, but in a distance-resolved methane radar, the backscattering probability of received atmospheric particles is very low, a laser with very strong power and a telescope with a very large caliber are needed, so that the cost of the system is high, the volume is large, and the detection distance is limited. In terms of dynamic range, the measurement threshold of a range-resolved methane radar is about 5000ppm · m, but when the methane path concentration greatly exceeds the measurement threshold, for example, 50000ppm · m, the signal photon count is greatly reduced due to too strong absorption, and is much lower than the noise photon count, at which point the radar cannot identify the true magnitude of the methane concentration. Particularly, the explosion point of methane in the air is 5% to 16%, and the original methane radar cannot distinguish whether the methane concentration in the air reaches the explosion point. In addition, in terms of finding a source of leakage, the location capability of the methane radar will be greatly reduced when the methane concentration in a large area exceeds the dynamic range.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, the invention provides a single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar, which aims to solve the technical problem that the methane laser radar in the prior art has low sensitivity so as to limit the detection capability of the methane radar to a large concentration area.
The invention discloses a single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar, which comprises: laser module, telescope module, detector and controller.
The laser module includes a first laser and a second laser. The first laser is used for generating a first laser beam with a wavelength located on a methane absorption line. The second laser is used for generating a second laser beam with the wavelength outside the methane absorption line.
The telescope module is used for transmitting a pair of differential signals formed by the first laser beam and the second laser beam according to a preset control time sequence to a target area of the atmosphere and receiving corresponding echo signals.
The detector is used for generating a detection result according to the received echo signal.
The controller is used for measuring the methane concentration in the target area according to the detection result.
The detector is a single photon detector.
As a further improvement of the above solution, the controller is further configured to determine whether the methane concentration is greater than a preset upper limit of the methane concentration, and when the methane concentration is greater than the upper limit of the methane concentration, the controller is further configured to increase a measurement range of the methane concentration, and re-measure the methane concentration in the target region in the increased measurement range.
As a further improvement of the above, the controller increases the measurement range of the methane concentration by tuning the wavelength of the first laser beam.
As a further improvement of the above, the controller tunes the wavelength of the first laser beam by controlling a value of the seed photocurrent of the first laser.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the method for controlling the seed light current value of the first laser comprises:
(1) Obtaining a second count n in a farthest range gate of a first laser 0 。
(2) Obtaining a wavelength average second count a of a first laser beam within a target range of a first laser within a current time period 0 。
(3) Collecting real-time second count within target Range Gate t 。
(4) When a is t <2n 0 And controlling the seed photocurrent value of the first laser to gradually decrease until a t Reaches 0.5a 0 The tuning is stopped.
As a further improvement of the above, in step (4), a tuning current value at the time of tuning stop is also recorded.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the single photon detector adopts an indium gallium arsenic single photon detector.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the radar for detecting single photon methane concentration distribution further includes: an optical fiber link.
The optical fiber link is used for transmitting the laser generated by the laser module to the telescope module and transmitting the echo signal received by the telescope module to the detector.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the radar for detecting single photon methane concentration distribution further includes: and a time sequence control module.
The time sequence control module is used for uniformly controlling the laser module, the telescope module, the detector and the controller to be switched on and off.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the radar for detecting single photon methane concentration distribution further comprises: an optical switch module.
The optical switch module is used for switching between the first laser and the second laser according to a preset control time sequence, and further communication between one of the lasers and the telescope module is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme disclosed by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the detection radar uses the infrared single photon detector, because the existing distance resolution methane radar using coherent detection usually needs the total power of echo signals at least at nw magnitude, corresponding to 1E10 photons per second, and the single photon scheme only needs to detect hundreds of signal photons to obtain the methane concentration information of a target space, the total photon number required per second is less than 1E6, the detection efficiency and the optical efficiency are comprehensively considered, and the detection distance of the single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar under the same condition compared with the traditional methane radar is at least increased by 3 times. Therefore, the distance resolution type methane radar adopting the single photon detector not only greatly improves the detection distance and improves the sensitivity of a radar system, but also reduces the requirements on laser power and the caliber of a telescope, reduces the cost and reduces the volume of the laser radar. In addition, in order to ensure the contrast of local heterodyne interference, the traditional methane radar based on coherent detection needs to perform single-mode polarization-preserving reception on echo signals, and thus the tolerance of such an optical system to environmental influences such as temperature fluctuation is poor. The single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar can adopt a multi-mode receiving mode and is not easily influenced by the environment, so that the popularization and application value of the radar is greatly improved.
2. This detection radar can utilize algorithm optimization when discerning the high concentration region to tune to the best detection wavelength with hardware, make the radar can the intelligent increase range when methane concentration surpasss the range, improve the dynamic range of measurement, can make the radar carry out more accurate explosion early warning on the one hand, on the other hand can improve the positioning accuracy to the source under the condition that large area concentration exceeds standard, and then make this radar have more superior performance in the aspect of the detection is revealed in production life safety and pipeline.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system of a single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the absorption cross section of methane molecule as a function of wave number in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a seed photocurrent value of the first laser in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of an atmospheric methane detection method in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "disposed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or intervening components may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly secured to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "or/and" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar, including: the laser module, the telescope module single photon detector and the controller can also comprise an optical fiber link, a time sequence control module, an optical switch module and a filter.
The laser module includes a first laser and a second laser. The first laser is used for generating a first laser beam with a wavelength located on a methane absorption line. The second laser is used for generating a second laser beam with the wavelength outside the methane absorption line. In this embodiment, the first laser and the second laser may be named as lasers of two wavelengths, on and off. The system switches the outgoing light between two wavelengths, on and off.
The telescope module is used for transmitting a pair of differential signals formed by the first laser beam and the second laser beam according to a preset control time sequence to a target area of the atmosphere and receiving corresponding echo signals, and the echo signals can be transmitted to the detector after being filtered by the filter.
The detector may be operable to generate a detection result from the received echo signal. The detector can adopt an indium gallium arsenic single photon detector, so that the radar obtains higher detection sensitivity, and compared with the traditional photomultiplier and a coherent detector, the required number of echo photons is less, so that the radar can detect a longer distance or reduce the requirements on the power of a laser and the caliber of a telescope.
The controller is used for primarily tracing the source of methane leakage in the target area according to the detection result, and judging whether the absorption amount of the first laser beam in the target area reaches a measurement threshold value or not in real time according to an echo signal formed by the first laser, so as to judge whether the methane concentration in the target area is greater than a preset upper limit of the methane concentration or not, and when the methane concentration is greater than the upper limit, the controller is also used for improving the measurement range of the methane concentration. In this embodiment, the measurement accuracy of the detection radar is 5000ppm · m; the measurement threshold triggering the dynamic range adjustment is 50000ppm · m.
Referring to fig. 2, in the scanning mode, the on-laser wavelength is locked on the top of the methane R6 absorption peak, and at this time, the methane absorption cross section is about 1.6E-20cm ^ 2/molecule, the distance resolution is set to be 30m, when the methane concentration reaches 150ppm · m, the optical density of methane with the length of 30m is 0.18, the echo signal will be attenuated by about 30% in this interval, considering the data of 2km measurement distance, the estimated effective count is 110/s, the daytime background noise is about 20/s, and after 1s accumulation, 10 SNR can be obtained, at this time, 30% absorption reaches the measurement threshold, and can be identified by the radar, and the radar performs preliminary warning on the area.
When the methane concentration in the region is far beyond the measurement threshold, for example 10 times the measurement threshold, the signal photons are absorbed to only 3 photons/s, which is far below the background noise, and the true methane concentration cannot be obtained in the original system, i.e. it is not possible to distinguish whether the methane concentration is 1500ppm · m or 15000ppm · m or higher.
Referring to fig. 3, when the absorption amount reaches the measurement threshold, the target region is identified as a high concentration region, and the first laser is controlled to tune, thereby increasing the measurement range of the methane concentration. The aforementioned software system will work as follows:
(1) Obtaining a second count n in a farthest range gate of a first laser 0 And serves as a background noise determination value.
(2) Obtaining the wavelength average second count a of the first laser beam in a target range gate in the current time period 0 As a total count determination value.
(3) Collecting real-time second count within target Range Gate t 。
(4) The relationship of the real-time second count to the background noise decision value and the total count decision value is analyzed. Wherein when a t <2n 0 Triggering range switching judgment, and controlling the seed photocurrent value of the first laser to gradually decrease until a t Reaches 0.5a 0 The tuning is stopped and the tuning current value at that time is recorded.
The optical fiber link is used for transmitting the laser generated by the laser module to the telescope module and transmitting the echo signal received by the telescope module to the detector.
The time sequence control module is used for uniformly controlling the laser module, the telescope module, the detector and the controller to ensure that all parts work orderly.
The optical switch module is used for switching between the first laser and the second laser according to an instruction sent by the controller, and further communication between one of the lasers and the telescope module is achieved.
In the embodiment, the wavelength of the on laser is positioned on a methane absorption line, the wavelength of the off laser is positioned outside the methane absorption line, the emergent light of the system is continuously switched between the on wavelength and the off wavelength, and the laser is transmitted into the telescope through the optical fiber link and is emitted into the atmosphere; the telescope receives the echo signal and transmits the echo signal to the detector through the optical fiber chain wheel, and the detection result of the detector can be input into the software processing system to primarily trace the source of the methane leakage; after the high-concentration area is identified, the controller tunes the laser to the position with lower methane absorption rate, improves the measurement range of the methane concentration and further measures the high-concentration area. Therefore, the detection radar can obtain a larger methane detection dynamic range, when the on wavelength is positioned at a methane absorption peak, the detection radar carries out large-range scanning, after a high-concentration area is detected, an appropriate measuring range can be selected by utilizing an algorithm, the first laser is tuned to a corresponding position in an absorption spectral line, and the high-concentration area is further detected.
The method of implementation in the calibration of the absorption line can be carried out in the following manner.
The wavelength of the first laser is scanned within a preset wavelength range 1645.55nm-1645.37nm in advance, and the power, the wavelength and the methane absorption cross section under each tuning current are calibrated in advance. When the system enters a working mode, a power monitoring module and a methane absorption pool which are arranged in the radar are respectively utilized to measure the transmitting power and the methane absorption cross section under the current tuning current in real time, normalization processing is carried out on the differential absorption signal according to pre-calibrated data, and the methane concentration in a target area is calculated. Of course, in other embodiments, the predetermined wavelength range may be set in other ranges as long as the predetermined wavelength range is between 1600nm and 1700nm and the width is 0.1nm-1 nm.
Therefore, the radar can measure under different wavelengths, the traditional methane radar uses fixed wavelengths, and the wavelength of the laser can be changed through a built-in calibration absorption cell and an algorithm, so that the methane concentration can be measured under different wavelengths.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 4, the present embodiment provides an atmospheric methane detection method, which can be applied to the single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar in embodiment 1 for detection. The detection method comprises the following steps:
s1, calibrating a methane absorption line.
And S2, transmitting a differential signal formed by the first laser beam and the second laser beam to a target area according to the calibrated methane absorption line, and receiving a corresponding echo signal.
And S3, generating a detection result according to the echo signal.
And S4, measuring the methane concentration in the target area according to the detection result, judging whether the methane concentration is greater than a preset upper limit of the methane concentration in real time, and executing S5 when the methane concentration is greater than the upper limit of the methane concentration.
And S5, improving the measurement range of the methane concentration, and re-measuring the methane concentration in the target area under the improved measurement range. The method for increasing the measurement range of the methane concentration can adopt the method in the embodiment 1, and the details are not repeated herein.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar, comprising:
a laser module including a first laser and a second laser; the first laser is used for generating a first laser beam with the wavelength on a methane absorption line; the second laser is used for generating a second laser beam with the wavelength outside the methane absorption line;
the telescope module is used for transmitting a pair of differential signals formed by the first laser beam and the second laser beam according to a preset control time sequence into a target area of the atmosphere and receiving corresponding echo signals;
a detector for generating a detection result from the received echo signal; and
a controller for measuring a methane concentration in the target region based on the detection result;
the detector is characterized by being a single photon detector.
2. The single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar of claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to determine whether the methane concentration is greater than a preset upper methane concentration limit, and when the methane concentration is greater than the upper methane concentration limit, the controller is further configured to increase a measurement range of the methane concentration and re-measure the methane concentration in the target region at the increased measurement range.
3. The single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar of claim 2 wherein said controller increases the measurement range of methane concentration by tuning the wavelength of said first laser beam.
4. The single photon methane concentration profile detection radar of claim 3 wherein said controller tunes the wavelength of said first laser beam by controlling the value of the seed photocurrent of said first laser.
5. The radar for detecting single photon methane concentration distribution according to claim 4, wherein the method for controlling the seed photocurrent value of the first laser comprises:
(1) Obtaining the first laserThe number of seconds n in the farthest distance door 0 ；
(2) Obtaining a wavelength average second count a of a first laser beam within a target range of the first laser within a current time period 0 ；
(3) Collecting the real-time second count a within the target range gate t ；
(4) When a is t <2n 0 And controlling the seed photocurrent value of the first laser to be gradually reduced until a t Reaches 0.5a 0 The tuning is stopped.
6. The single photon methane concentration distribution detecting radar according to claim 5, wherein in the step (4), a tuning current value at the time of tuning stop is further recorded.
7. The radar of claim 1 in which said single photon detector is an indium gallium arsenic single photon detector.
8. The single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar of claim 1 further comprising:
and the optical fiber link is used for transmitting the laser generated by the laser module into the telescope module and transmitting the echo signal received by the telescope module into the detector.
9. The single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar of claim 1 further comprising:
and the time sequence control module is used for uniformly controlling the laser module, the telescope module, the detector and the switch of the controller.
10. The single photon methane concentration distribution detection radar of claim 1 further comprising:
and the optical switch module is used for switching between the first laser and the second laser according to the preset control time sequence so as to realize the communication between one of the lasers and the telescope module.
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| CN117091760A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-21 | 国科大杭州高等研究院 | Single photon time-dependent ranging and gas concentration detection method, device and medium |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117091760A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-21 | 国科大杭州高等研究院 | Single photon time-dependent ranging and gas concentration detection method, device and medium |
| CN117091760B (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2024-02-13 | 国科大杭州高等研究院 | Single photon time-dependent ranging and gas concentration detection method, device and medium |
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