CN115598048B - Multi-factor coupling simulation acceleration test method and system for marine atmosphere environment - Google Patents
Multi-factor coupling simulation acceleration test method and system for marine atmosphere environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-factor coupling simulation acceleration test method and system for a marine atmosphere environment. Carrying out an acceleration test on the metal material according to a preset test spectrum, wherein the test spectrum comprises an acid salt spray test with a single cycle duration of 24 hours and an external wet heat test cycle, wherein the acid salt spray test is internally circulated for 3 times in a spray 3 h-dry 1h mode, and the single cycle duration of the wet heat test is 12 hours; the metal structure is also required to alternately develop a working condition load test of the equivalent X time use strength on the basis. The invention comprehensively considers the interaction effect of main sensitive factors of metal corrosion in the marine atmosphere environment, highlights the dry-wet alternation, the acid atmosphere-salt fog coupling effect or the environment-load coupling effect, is matched with the actual environment effect of the metal material and the structure, effectively improves the correlation between the acceleration test result and the natural environment test result, and can truly reproduce the environment damage course of the metal material and the structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of acceleration tests, and particularly relates to a multi-factor coupling simulation acceleration test method and system for a marine atmospheric environment of a metal material and a metal structure.
Background
The metal material and the metal structure can be corroded under the comprehensive influence of a plurality of external environmental factors when being exposed to the atmosphere, and the metal material and the metal structure are expressed as electrochemical corrosion under a thin liquid film, and the formation, the residence time and the corrosion medium of the thin liquid film are key factors for influencing the corrosion dynamics of the thin liquid film. The ocean atmospheric environment has the environmental characteristics of high temperature, high humidity, high salt fog and strong solar radiation, is the most severe atmospheric environment facing metal materials and metal structures, and is a main factor of corrosion of the metal materials and the structures according to the corrosion mechanism of the metal materials and the metal structures, wherein continuous alternate actions of damp heat, salt fog and dry temperature and the possibly encountered acidic atmosphere are the main factors of corrosion of the metal materials and the structures. While development of accelerated tests based on these environmental factors has been a focus and focus of research in the art.
In the prior art, a document CN114544477A discloses a laboratory acceleration test method of a coating in a marine atmospheric environment, which comprises an alternating damp-heat test, an ultraviolet condensation test and a salt spray test which are sequentially carried out, wherein the method comprehensively considers the ageing effects of temperature, humidity, salt spray and irradiation on the coating; document CN103954550B discloses a simulation acceleration test method for the atmospheric environment of a coating ocean, which sequentially performs a damp-heat test, an ultraviolet condensation test and a salt spray test, wherein the damp-heat test, the ultraviolet condensation test and the salt spray test are determined according to the natural environment spectrum equivalent conversion of the actual environment to be simulated, and the combined cycle test is performed according to the action sequence of the actual environment factors.
Although some acceleration test methods in the prior art are determined according to natural environment spectrum equivalent transformation, the correlation and accuracy between the acceleration test result and the natural environment test result (particularly for a metal structure) still have the problem of further optimization. More importantly, the environment spectrum of the existing acceleration test method is inconvenient to flexibly cut, and the comprehensive effect of the main environmental factors of month is difficult to accurately simulate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide a multi-factor coupling simulation acceleration test method and system for the marine atmospheric environment of a metal material and a metal structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
A multi-factor coupling simulation acceleration test method for a marine atmospheric environment of a metal material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and carrying out an acceleration test according to a preset test spectrum, wherein the test spectrum comprises an acid salt spray test with a single cycle duration of 24h and an external wet heat test cycle, wherein the acid salt spray test is internally circulated for 3 times in a spray 3 h-dry 1h mode, and the single cycle duration of the wet heat test is 12h.
Preferably, when spraying, a 5% NaCl solution is adopted to adjust a salt solution with pH=4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, and the temperature in the spraying process is controlled to be 35+/-1 ℃; when drying, the temperature is controlled to be 50+/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than 50% RH; the temperature in the wet heat test process is controlled to be 40+/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 95% RH.
Further, a multi-factor coupling simulation acceleration test method for the marine atmospheric environment of a metal structure,
the method comprises the steps that a single environment-working condition load interaction test large cycle is formed by an acid salt spray test-damp heat test outer cycle with standard duration and a working condition load test with equivalent X time use intensity, and after the acid salt spray test-damp heat test outer cycle with standard duration is finished, a sample is taken out to carry out the working condition load test; the intensity of the equivalent X time is the conventional knowledge in the field, and the invention is not repeated;
or, forming a single environment-working condition load interaction test large cycle by the outer cycle of the acid salt spray test-damp heat test with M (M is more than 1 and is an integer) standard time length and the working condition load test with M equivalent X time use intensity, and taking out the sample to develop the working condition load test after the outer cycle of the acid salt spray test-damp heat test with each standard time length is finished;
or, the single environment-working condition load interactive test large cycle is formed by the acid salt spray test-damp heat test outer cycle with K (K is more than 1 and is an integer) standard time length and the working condition load test with K equivalent X time use intensity, after the acid salt spray test-damp heat test outer cycle with K standard time length is finished, the sample is taken out, and the working condition load test is carried out at one time according to the working condition load with K equivalent X time use intensity;
for the external circulation of an acid salt spray test-a damp heat test, the acid salt spray test is internally circulated for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3h and drying for 1h, the single circulation duration of the damp heat test is 12h, during spraying, a 5% NaCl solution is adopted to adjust a salt solution with PH=4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, and the temperature in the spraying process is controlled to be 35+/-1 ℃; when drying, the temperature is controlled to be 50+/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than 50% RH; the temperature in the wet heat test process is controlled to be 40+/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 95% RH.
Further, as one of preferable embodiments, the step of the acceleration test method includes:
step 1, determining the external circulation duration T1 of a sample in a single large circulation, and determining the load spectrum of the equivalent X time use intensity of the sample under the actual working condition in the single large circulation;
step 2, calculating the number N of outer circulation times in a single large circulation according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step 3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP compound salt spray test box to develop a large-cycle test according to the following mode, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 31: the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly adopting a 5% NaCl solution to adjust the pH value of the salt solution with the pH value of 4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, spraying a sample for 3 hours at the temperature of 35+/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour at the temperature of 50+/-1 ℃, and internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration is 12 hours;
step 32: after the wet heat test is finished, the wet heat test is continuously carried out for 12 hours under the environment that the temperature is 40+/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 95%RH;
step 33: after the working condition load test is finished, taking out a sample from an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt fog test box, performing performance detection, and performing the working condition load test according to a load spectrum of the equivalent X time using intensity;
step 34: repeating steps 31-33 for a plurality of times until N cycle tests are completed;
and 4, repeating the step 3 for a plurality of times until all times of large-cycle tests are completed, and finally taking out the sample for analysis and evaluation.
Further, as a second preferred embodiment, the step of the acceleration test method includes:
step 1, determining the external circulation duration T1 of a sample in a single large circulation, and determining the load spectrum of the equivalent X time use intensity of the sample under the actual working condition in the single large circulation;
step 2, calculating the number N of outer circulation times in a single large circulation according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step 3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP compound salt spray test box to develop a large-cycle test according to the following mode, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 301: the acid salt spray test-damp heat test, firstly adopting 5% NaCl solution to adjust the salt solution with PH=4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, spraying the sample for 3 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃ +/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour at the temperature of 50 ℃ +/-1 ℃, and internally circulating for 3 times according to the mode of spraying for 3 hours-drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration is 12 hours; then continuously carrying out a damp-heat test for 12 hours under the environment that the temperature is 40+/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 95%RH; repeating the step until the acid salt spray test-damp heat test external circulation of the set times N is completed;
step 302: after the working condition load test is finished, taking out a sample from an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt fog test box, performing performance detection, and performing the working condition load test according to a load spectrum of the equivalent X time using intensity;
and 4, repeating the step 3 for a plurality of times until all times of large-cycle tests are completed, and finally taking out the sample for analysis and evaluation.
In the invention, for the occasion without acid atmosphere, a neutral salt spray test can be adopted to replace an acid salt spray test, and the PH is adjusted to 6-7.
A metallic material marine atmospheric environment multifactor coupling simulation acceleration test system, comprising a computer device, the computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a program stored on the memory and operable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the following steps when executing the program:
step S1, reading the selected metal material category and input test parameters, wherein the test parameters comprise an outer circulation duration T1;
s2, calculating the outer circulation duration N according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step S3, controlling the Ascott AT2600IP compound salt spray test box to continuously develop an outer circulation test according to the following mode, wherein each outer circulation test sequentially comprises the following steps:
the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly adopting a 5% NaCl solution to adjust the pH value of the salt solution with the pH value of 4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, spraying a sample for 3 hours at the temperature of 35+/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour at the temperature of 50+/-1 ℃, and internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration is 12 hours;
after the completion of the acid salt spray test, the wet heat test was continued for 12 hours at a temperature of 40.+ -. 1 ℃ and a relative humidity of > 95% RH.
Step S1, reading the selected metal material category and input test parameters, wherein the test parameters comprise an outer circulation duration T1;
s2, calculating the outer circulation duration N according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step S3, controlling the Ascott AT2600IP compound salt spray test box to continuously develop an outer circulation test according to the following mode, wherein each outer circulation test sequentially comprises the following steps:
the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly adopting a 5% NaCl solution to adjust the pH value of the salt solution with the pH value of 4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, spraying a sample for 3 hours at the temperature of 35+/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour at the temperature of 50+/-1 ℃, and internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration is 12 hours; after the wet heat test is finished, the wet heat test is continuously carried out for 12 hours under the environment that the temperature is 40+/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 95%RH;
and S4, after the set times are developed in the step S3, controlling the Ascott AT2600IP compound salt spray test box to pause operation, prompting an operator to take out a sample through a display interface, and developing a working condition load test according to a load spectrum of the use intensity of the equivalent X time.
The beneficial effects are that: the method comprehensively considers the interaction influence of main sensitive factors such as damp heat, salt fog, dry-wet alternation and the like which cause the corrosion of the metal material in the marine atmospheric environment, and the obtained acceleration test result accords with the actual marine atmospheric environmental effect of the metal material and the structure; the invention designs the metal material combined by the acid salt spray test-damp heat test external circulation and the acid salt spray-dry internal circulation and the structure ocean atmospheric environment simulation acceleration test method based on the environment equivalent conversion principle, highlights the dry-wet alternation and the acid atmosphere-salt spray coupling effect, and effectively improves the correlation between the acceleration test result and the natural environment test result; the method has wide application range, is suitable for rapid and accurate assessment and evaluation of the adaptability of all metal materials and structural marine atmospheric environment, and can be used for rapid assessment of the adaptability of new materials and structural environment based on a marker post sample; by adopting the scheme of the invention, test cutting can be flexibly performed according to test objects, the comprehensive effect of main environmental factors of month can be accurately simulated, the coupling effect of environment and load can be accurately and reliably realized, the actual environmental damage history of the metal bearing structure can be truly reproduced, and technical support is provided for rapid assessment and evaluation of the environmental adaptability of metal components.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the test spectrum in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph of tensile strength versus time for two test conditions for the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy of example 1, where part (a) corresponds to tensile strength and part (b) corresponds to yield strength;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the reduction of area versus time for the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy of example 1 under two test conditions, part (a) corresponding to the outdoor marine atmosphere and part (b) corresponding to the laboratory simulated acceleration test;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the change in area shrinkage over time (fit) of the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy of example 1 after exposure under two test conditions, part (a) corresponding to the laboratory simulated acceleration test environment and part (b) corresponding to the marine atmosphere environment;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the retention of plastic index over time for a 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy of example 1 after exposure to two test conditions, part (a) corresponding to the laboratory simulated acceleration test environment and part (b) corresponding to the marine atmosphere environment;
FIG. 6 is a time-dependent change of the acceleration conversion factor in example 1;
fig. 7 and 8 are schematic diagrams of test spectra and test cycle procedures in example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are provided to aid in understanding the principles of the present invention and its core ideas, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications to the present invention without departing from the principles of the invention would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in this art and would fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
The determination of each environmental spectrum test condition is as follows.
As can be seen from the rainwater analysis results of the Hainan vanning test station, the minimum value of the rainfall pH of the Hainan vanning test station is 4-5, sulfate ions are mainly used in the rainfall, and the method is described in part 11 of the environmental test method of military equipment laboratory by referring to GJB 150.11A-2009: the relevant regulations of salt spray test and other standards use 5% NaCl solution and dilute sulfuric acid to regulate pH value to 4-5 to simulate the acid salt spray effect in marine atmosphere. Meanwhile, the data of the deposition rate of 168 atmosphere chloride ions between 14 years on a sea surface platform of a Hainan vanning test station are statistically analyzed, and the deposition rate of the atmosphere chloride ions is 34.6mg/100cm under the time risk of 1% 2 D, calculating the total deposition amount of the sea surface platform Cl-year of the Hainan vanning test station according to 366 days of one year to be 12663.6mg/100cm 2 Based on this value, based on the principle of environmental equivalent conversion, the spraying time equivalent to the annual salt spray deposition amount is calculated as 162h apprxeq 7d according to the following formula,
wherein: t is the spraying time equivalent to the deposition amount of salt fog for one year, and h; 1.65-conversion factor; s is S 0 The method takes 12.6636g/100cm of salt fog deposition amount in the ocean atmospheric environment for one year 2 ；S 1 Laboratory salt spray sedimentation rate, 2ml/80cm 2 ·h；ρ 5 5% sodium chloride solution at 35℃to a density of 1.0295g/ml.
Metallic materials are exposed to humid marine atmospheric conditions and undergo repeated wet-dry processes. According to the statistics of the full-year full-time temperature and relative humidity report of the coastal exposure field 2004-2009 of the Hainan test station, the ratio of the full-year humid air time (the temperature is more than 0 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than or equal to 70 percent and is recorded as humid air) to the drying time is 3.5:1-17.1:1, in order to fully highlight the influence of dry-wet alternation on the metal bare material, the minimum value and the rounding 3:1 are adopted as the cycle time proportion of spraying/drying, and the corresponding total drying time is 2d (48 h) when the total spraying time is 7d (168 h). In addition, refer to part 11 of the military equipment laboratory environmental test method, GJB 150.11A-2009: salt spray test determines that spray temperature t=35 ℃, and drying temperature t=50 ℃ to enhance drying effect (no spray during drying, and ventilation control humidity below 50%).
According to the temperature and humidity data of the coastal exposure field 2004-2009 whole year of the Hainan test station, referring to the calculation coefficient table of the humid air and the standard humid air given in the technology of aircraft structure corrosion/aging control and calendar life extension, the action hours of the humid air at each temperature in the atmospheric environment spectrum of the Hainan test station can be converted into the standard humid air action hours with the temperature T=40 ℃ and the relative humidity RH=95% by adopting an interpolation method, and the standard humid air action hours range is 1045-1754 h, so that the highest value 1754h is taken as the standard humid air action total time (namely the total humid and hot time) with the temperature T=40 ℃ and the relative humidity RH=95%.
Because the salt fog action time and the damp-heat action time in the atmosphere are overlapped under the marine atmospheric environment condition, the actual damp-heat test time is equal to the total damp-heat time minus the salt fog test time. Referring to the technology of corrosion/aging control and calendar life extension of aircraft structures, the acceleration coefficient of humid air with the relative temperature T=40 ℃ and the relative humidity RH of 95% in a salt spray acceleration test is initially selected to be 9, so that the total time of the salt spray test equivalent to a standard damp-heat test is 168h multiplied by 9=1512 h. Thus, the damp heat test time t s =1754 to 1512=242 h, the whole damp heat test time is 10d (240 h), and the test condition is that the temperature t=40 ℃, and the relative humidity rh=95%.
According to the above, the laboratory acceleration test time equivalent to the atmospheric environmental effect of one year ocean is 7d+2d+10d=19d. And (3) taking one day as an external circulation for carrying out an acceleration test spectrum design, wherein each external circulation consists of two modules of acid salt mist (spray and dry) and damp-heat, and the acid salt mist comprises internal circulation of two stages of spray and dry so as to strengthen the dry-wet alternation effect and achieve the purpose of improving the acceleration performance and the simulation performance of a laboratory test. The specific test conditions are shown in figure 1, namely the environmental spectrum: 1) Each outer cycle (24 h): acid salt spray test for 12h; wherein: spraying time = 168h/19d ≡9h/d; drying time=48 h/19d≡2.5h/d, rounding up to 3h; spraying and drying for 3 times every 24 hours, spraying for 3 hours each time, and drying for 1 hour; 2) Each internal cycle (24 h): wet heat time=240 h/19d≡12.5h/d, rounded down to 12h.
In summary, the main environmental factors of the Hainan vanning test station for one year are simulated through 19 times of external circulation.
Example 1
Laboratory simulation acceleration tests are carried out by adopting 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy samples, and the samples are standard tensile samples. And simultaneously carrying out natural environment atmosphere exposure test by adopting the tensile samples in the same batch.
According to the acceleration test spectrum, an Ascott AT2600IP compound salt fog test box is adopted to carry out an acid salt fog-drying and damp-heat circulation acceleration test. The average salt fog settlement of the acid salt fog is 1-2 ml/(80 cm) 2 H). The natural environment exposure test under the ocean atmospheric environment is carried out in an exposure field of the coast 95m from a Hainan vanning test station, the sample is arranged on an exposure test frame, and the whole test frame faces south and forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane.
Based on the principle of equivalent environmental damage, a graph comparison method and a rank correlation coefficient method are adopted to evaluate the consistency degree of the corrosion rule of the metal material in the laboratory simulation acceleration environment and the marine atmosphere natural environment; based on the principle of equal environmental damage, an acceleration conversion factor method is adopted to evaluate the equivalent acceleration relation of two test environments.
Correlation evaluation-graph comparison method
Taking 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy as an example, according to the drawing of tensile property change data of the material in a laboratory simulation acceleration test and a marine atmosphere natural environment exposure test, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the tensile property change trend of the aluminum alloy material under the laboratory environment and the corresponding natural environment condition is consistent, which shows that the two materials have stronger correlation.
Correlation evaluation-rank correlation coefficient method
Taking the reduction of area Z of the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy as an evaluation index, and adopting a Spearman rank correlation coefficient method (rhos) to evaluate the correlation between a laboratory simulation acceleration test result and a damp-heat marine natural environment test result.
Area reduction rate X of 7A04-T6 under laboratory simulation acceleration test environment 1 = (17,14,11,10), area shrinkage X in marine atmospheric environment 2 = (16,13,11,12), its corresponding rank is: x is x 1 ＝(1,2,3,4)；x 2 = (1,2,4,3), rank difference d z = (0, -1, 1), the rank correlation coefficient rhos=0.8 is calculated.
Based on the tensile property change rule of the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy and the numerical value of the rank correlation coefficient, the laboratory simulation acceleration test environment has good simulation on the marine atmospheric environment, and has good correlation.
Acceleration analysis: and evaluating the equivalent acceleration relation of the performance change of the aluminum alloy material in two environments by adopting an acceleration conversion factor (ASF).
According to the data of the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy in the laboratory simulated acceleration test environment and the marine atmospheric environment at different times, fitting is performed by taking time as an abscissa and taking the reduction of area as an ordinate, as shown in FIG. 4. Model f1=4.63e of change of area shrinkage of 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy with test time under laboratory simulation acceleration test environment -t/0.39 +11.41，R 2 =0.97, where t is the laboratory simulated acceleration test time, d (days). The change of the area shrinkage rate of the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy in the natural environment of the ocean atmosphere along with the test time is f2=10.56e -T/49.22 +6.51，R 2 In the formula, T is marine atmospheric natural environment test time, a (year) =0.80.
The change of the area shrinkage of the material with time under two test environments is converted into the change of the retention rate of the area shrinkage with time, and the unit of time is d (days), as shown in fig. 5, the fit formulas of the retention rate of the area shrinkage and the time in the test environments are respectively as follows: laboratory simulated environment reduction of areaRetention (%) y1= 60.37e -t/47.3 +40.03，R 2 =0.98; retention of marine atmosphere natural environment reduction of area (%) y2=28.73e -T/139.01 +71.48，R 2 ＝0.82。
Table 1 shows the test times when the retention rate of the reduction of area of the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy material reaches the same value under two test environments. The time T of the laboratory simulation acceleration test is taken as an independent variable, the ratio T/T of the marine atmosphere natural environment test time to the laboratory simulation acceleration test time is taken as a dependent variable, and the relation is shown in fig. 6, so that the change of an acceleration conversion factor (ASF) along with the laboratory simulation acceleration test T is obtained: asf=0.11e t/6.58 +6.22，R 2 =0.96. According to the analysis, the acceleration rate reaches 17 times at 30 days in the laboratory test, which shows that the laboratory simulation acceleration test has very obvious acceleration.
TABLE 1 test time for the retention of 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy plasticity index to reach the same level in different test environments
Example 2
For a first metal component serving in a marine atmospheric environment, an acceleration test can be carried out by combining the load condition of the metal component under the actual working condition, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the specific steps are as follows:
step 1, determining the external circulation duration T1 of a sample (a first metal component) in a single large circulation, and determining the load spectrum of the equivalent X time use intensity of the sample under the actual working condition;
step 2, calculating the number N of outer circulation times in a single large circulation according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step 3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP compound salt spray test box to develop a large-cycle test according to the following mode, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 31: the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly adopting a 5% NaCl solution to adjust the pH value of the salt solution with the pH value of 4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, spraying a sample for 3 hours at the temperature of 35+/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour at the temperature of 50+/-1 ℃, and internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration is 12 hours;
step 32: after the wet heat test is finished, the wet heat test is continuously carried out for 12 hours under the environment that the temperature is 40+/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 95%RH;
step 33: after the working condition load test is finished, taking out a sample from an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt fog test box, performing performance detection, and performing the working condition load test according to a load spectrum of the equivalent X time using intensity;
step 34: repeating steps 31-33 for a plurality of times until N cycle tests are completed;
and 4, repeating the step 3 for a plurality of times until all times of large-cycle tests are completed, finally taking out a sample for analysis and evaluation, and constructing a degradation track model according to the performance change data of the metal component to predict and evaluate the environmental adaptability of the component.
In the example, step 3 is essentially that a single environment-working condition load interactive test large cycle is formed by an acid salt spray test-damp heat test outer cycle with standard duration and a working condition load test corresponding to an equivalent X time use intensity load, a plurality of large cycles are implemented together, and after each acid salt spray test-damp heat test outer cycle is finished, a sample is taken out to carry out the working condition load test; after the large cycle is completed, sampling is performed to perform performance test.
Example 3
For a second metal component serving in the marine atmospheric environment, an acceleration test can be carried out by combining the load condition of the metal component under the actual working condition, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 1, determining the external circulation duration T1 of a sample in a single large circulation, and determining the load spectrum of the equivalent X time use intensity of the sample under the actual working condition in the single large circulation;
step 2, calculating the number N of outer circulation times in a single large circulation according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step 3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP compound salt spray test box to develop a large-cycle test according to the following mode, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 301: the acid salt spray test-damp heat test, firstly adopting 5% NaCl solution to adjust the salt solution with PH=4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, spraying the sample for 3 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃ +/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour at the temperature of 50 ℃ +/-1 ℃, and internally circulating for 3 times according to the mode of spraying for 3 hours-drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration is 12 hours; then continuously carrying out a damp-heat test for 12 hours under the environment that the temperature is 40+/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 95%RH; repeating the step until the acid salt spray test-damp heat test external circulation of the set times N is completed;
step 302: after the working condition load test is finished, taking out a sample from an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt fog test box, performing performance detection, and performing the working condition load test according to a load spectrum of the equivalent X time using intensity;
and 4, repeating the step 3 for a plurality of times until all times of large-cycle tests are completed, finally taking out a sample for analysis and evaluation, and constructing a degradation track model according to the performance change data of the metal component to predict and evaluate the environmental adaptability of the component.
In this example, step 301 essentially adopts the test spectrum shown in fig. 1, and steps 301-302 essentially form a single environment-working condition load interaction test large cycle by a plurality of standard-duration acid salt spray tests-wet heat test outer cycles and a plurality of working condition load tests corresponding to the equivalent X time use intensity loads, and after the N acid salt spray tests-wet heat test outer cycles are finished, the test sample is taken out to perform the working condition load test once; and sampling is carried out in the large cycle process of each environment-working condition load interactive test to carry out performance test.
Example 4
Based on the conception of the invention, the embodiment provides a multi-factor coupling simulation acceleration test system for the marine atmospheric environment of a metal material, which comprises computer equipment, wherein the computer equipment comprises a memory, a processor and a program which is stored in the memory and can run on the processor, and the processor realizes the following steps when executing the program:
step S1, reading the selected metal material category and input test parameters, wherein the test parameters comprise an outer circulation duration T1;
s2, calculating the outer circulation duration N according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step S3, controlling the Ascott AT2600IP compound salt spray test box to continuously develop an outer circulation test according to the following mode, wherein each outer circulation test sequentially comprises the following steps:
the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly adopting a 5% NaCl solution to adjust the pH value of the salt solution with the pH value of 4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, spraying a sample for 3 hours at the temperature of 35+/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour at the temperature of 50+/-1 ℃, and internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration is 12 hours;
after the completion of the acid salt spray test, the wet heat test was continued for 12 hours at a temperature of 40.+ -. 1 ℃ and a relative humidity of > 95% RH.
The system is characterized in that the processor executes the program to realize the following steps:
step S1, reading the selected metal material category and input test parameters, wherein the test parameters comprise an outer circulation duration T1;
s2, calculating the outer circulation duration N according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step S3, controlling the Ascott AT2600IP compound salt spray test box to continuously develop an outer circulation test according to the following mode, wherein each outer circulation test sequentially comprises the following steps:
the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly adopting a 5% NaCl solution to adjust the pH value of the salt solution with the pH value of 4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, spraying a sample for 3 hours at the temperature of 35+/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour at the temperature of 50+/-1 ℃, and internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration is 12 hours; after the wet heat test is finished, the wet heat test is continuously carried out for 12 hours under the environment that the temperature is 40+/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 95%RH;
and S4, after the set times are developed in the step S3, controlling the Ascott AT2600IP compound salt spray test box to pause operation, prompting an operator to take out a sample through a display interface, and developing a working condition load test according to a load spectrum of the use intensity of the equivalent X time.
The method comprehensively considers the interaction influence of main sensitive factors such as damp heat, salt fog, dry-wet alternation and the like which cause the corrosion of the metal material in the marine atmospheric environment, and the obtained acceleration test result accords with the actual marine atmospheric environmental effect of the metal material and the structure; the invention designs the metal material combined by the acid salt spray test-damp heat test external circulation and the acid salt spray-dry internal circulation and the structure ocean atmospheric environment simulation acceleration test method based on the environment equivalent conversion principle, highlights the dry-wet alternation and the acid atmosphere-salt spray coupling effect, and effectively improves the correlation between the acceleration test result and the natural environment test result; the method has wide application range, is suitable for rapid and accurate assessment and evaluation of the adaptability of all metal materials and structural marine atmospheric environment, and can be used for rapid assessment of the adaptability of new materials and structural environment based on a marker post sample; by adopting the scheme of the invention, the test cutting can be flexibly carried out according to the test object, the external circulation of one or more acid salt spray tests with standard time length-damp-heat tests can be matched with any working condition load test, the comprehensive effect of main environmental factors of month, quarter and year can be accurately simulated, the actual environmental damage history of the metal bearing structure can be truly reproduced, the coupling effect of environment and load can be accurately and reliably realized, and the technical support is provided for the rapid assessment and evaluation of the environmental adaptability of the metal component.
Claims (7)
1. A multi-factor coupling simulation acceleration test method for a marine atmospheric environment of a metal material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: carrying out an acceleration test according to a preset test spectrum, wherein the test spectrum comprises an acid salt spray test with a single cycle duration of 24 hours and an external wet heat test cycle, wherein the acid salt spray test is internally circulated for 3 times in a spray 3 h-dry 1h mode, and the single cycle duration of the wet heat test is 12 hours; when spraying, adopting 5% NaCl solution to adjust the salt solution with pH=4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, and controlling the temperature in the spraying process to be 35+/-1 ℃; when drying, the temperature is controlled to be 50+/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than 50% RH; the temperature in the wet heat test process is controlled to be 40+/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 95% RH.
2. A multi-factor coupling simulation acceleration test method for a marine atmospheric environment with a metal structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the steps that a single environment-working condition load interaction test large cycle is formed by an acid salt spray test-damp heat test outer cycle with standard duration and a working condition load test with equivalent X time use intensity, and after the acid salt spray test-damp heat test outer cycle with standard duration is finished, a sample is taken out to carry out the working condition load test;
or, forming a single environment-working condition load interactive test large cycle by the outer cycles of the acid salt spray test-the damp heat test with the M standard time lengths and the working condition load test with the M equivalent X time use strengths, and taking out the samples to develop the working condition load test after the outer cycle of the acid salt spray test-the damp heat test with each standard time length is finished;
or, the single environment-working condition load interactive test large cycle is formed by the acid salt spray test-damp heat test outer cycle with K standard time length and the working condition load test with K equivalent X time use intensity, and after the acid salt spray test-damp heat test outer cycle with K standard time length is finished, the sample is taken out for one-time working condition load test;
for the external circulation of an acid salt spray test-a damp heat test, the acid salt spray test is internally circulated for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3h and drying for 1h, the single circulation duration of the damp heat test is 12h, during spraying, a 5% NaCl solution is adopted to adjust a salt solution with PH=4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, and the temperature in the spraying process is controlled to be 35+/-1 ℃; when drying, the temperature is controlled to be 50+/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than 50% RH; the temperature in the wet heat test process is controlled to be 40+/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 95% RH.
3. The acceleration testing method according to claim 2, characterized in, that the steps comprise:
step 1, determining the external circulation duration T1 of a sample in a single large circulation, and determining the load spectrum of the equivalent X time use intensity of the sample under the actual working condition in the single large circulation;
step 2, calculating the number N of outer circulation times in a single large circulation according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step 3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP compound salt spray test box to develop a large-cycle test according to the following mode, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 31: the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly adopting a 5% NaCl solution to adjust the pH value of the salt solution with the pH value of 4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, spraying a sample for 3 hours at the temperature of 35+/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour at the temperature of 50+/-1 ℃, and internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration is 12 hours;
step 32: after the wet heat test is finished, the wet heat test is continuously carried out for 12 hours under the environment that the temperature is 40+/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 95%RH;
step 33: after the working condition load test is finished, taking out a sample from an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt fog test box, performing performance detection, and performing the working condition load test according to a load spectrum of the equivalent X time using intensity;
step 34: repeating steps 31-33 for a plurality of times until N cycle tests are completed;
and 4, repeating the step 3 for a plurality of times until all times of large-cycle tests are completed.
4. The acceleration testing method according to claim 2, characterized in, that the steps comprise:
step 1, determining the external circulation duration T1 of a sample in a single large circulation, and determining the load spectrum of the equivalent X time use intensity of the sample under the actual working condition in the single large circulation;
step 2, calculating the number N of outer circulation times in a single large circulation according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step 3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP compound salt spray test box to develop a large-cycle test according to the following mode, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 301: the acid salt spray test-damp heat test, firstly adopting 5% NaCl solution to adjust the salt solution with PH=4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, spraying the sample for 3 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃ +/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour at the temperature of 50 ℃ +/-1 ℃, and internally circulating for 3 times according to the mode of spraying for 3 hours-drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration is 12 hours; then continuously carrying out a damp-heat test for 12 hours under the environment that the temperature is 40+/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 95%RH; repeating the step until the acid salt spray test-damp heat test external circulation of the set times N is completed;
step 302: after the working condition load test is finished, taking out a sample from an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt fog test box, performing performance detection, and performing the working condition load test according to a load spectrum of the equivalent X time using intensity;
and 4, repeating the step 3 for a plurality of times until all times of large-cycle tests are completed.
5. The acceleration testing method of any one of the claims 1-4, wherein: for the occasion without acid atmosphere, a neutral salt spray test can be adopted to replace an acid salt spray test, and the PH is adjusted to 6-7.
6. A metallic material marine atmospheric environment multifactor coupling simulation acceleration test system, comprising a computer device, the computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a program stored on the memory and operable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the following steps when executing the program:
step S1, reading the selected metal material category and input test parameters, wherein the test parameters comprise an outer circulation duration T1;
s2, calculating the outer circulation duration N according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step S3, controlling the Ascott AT2600IP compound salt spray test box to continuously develop an outer circulation test according to the following mode, wherein each outer circulation test sequentially comprises the following steps:
the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly adopting a 5% NaCl solution to adjust the pH value of the salt solution with the pH value of 4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, spraying a sample for 3 hours at the temperature of 35+/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour at the temperature of 50+/-1 ℃, and internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration is 12 hours;
after the completion of the acid salt spray test, the wet heat test was continued for 12 hours at a temperature of 40.+ -. 1 ℃ and a relative humidity of > 95% RH.
7. A metallic structure marine atmospheric environment multifactor coupling simulation acceleration test system, comprising a computer device, the computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a program stored on the memory and operable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the following steps when executing the program:
step S1, reading the selected metal material category and input test parameters, wherein the test parameters comprise an outer circulation duration T1;
s2, calculating the outer circulation duration N according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step S3, controlling the Ascott AT2600IP compound salt spray test box to continuously develop an outer circulation test according to the following mode, wherein each outer circulation test sequentially comprises the following steps:
the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly adopting a 5% NaCl solution to adjust the pH value of the salt solution with the pH value of 4-5 by dilute sulfuric acid, spraying a sample for 3 hours at the temperature of 35+/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour at the temperature of 50+/-1 ℃, and internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration is 12 hours; after the wet heat test is finished, the wet heat test is continuously carried out for 12 hours under the environment that the temperature is 40+/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 95%RH;
and S4, after the set times are developed in the step S3, controlling the Ascott AT2600IP compound salt spray test box to pause operation, prompting an operator to take out a sample through a display interface, and developing a working condition load test according to a load spectrum of the use intensity of the equivalent X time.
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