CN115593024A

CN115593024A - Composite material cylindrical part and forming method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN115593024A
Application number: CN202211214268.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周耀忠; 曹宇; 侯敏; 徐蒙蒙
Original assignee: Beijing Xinghang Electromechanical Equipment Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Xinghang Electromechanical Equipment Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-09-30
Filing date: 2022-09-30
Publication date: 2023-01-13

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of non-metal composite material manufacturing, in particular to a composite material cylindrical part and a forming method thereof. The cylindrical part is sequentially provided with an anti-heat insulation layer, a first transition buffer structure, an inner side wall plate, a radial filling structure and an outer side wall plate from inside to outside; a first transition buffer structure for fixedly connecting the heat-proof insulating layer and the inner side wall plate is arranged between the heat-proof insulating layer and the inner side wall plate, wherein the expansion coefficient difference between the heat-proof insulating layer and the inner side wall plate is 8 multiplied by 10 ^‑6 m/℃～9×10 ^‑6 m/DEG C; first transition buffer structure is multilayer composite construction, is equipped with the toughness supporting layer that matches thermal-protective coating and inside wall board. Compared with the prior art, the invention greatly reduces the thermal conductivity, reduces the thermal conductivity by 15.4 percent, and improves the shear strength by 9.09 to 16.6 percent; damage caused by different thermal expansion rates due to temperature difference between the inner side and the outer side of the cylindrical material is effectively buffered, and the service life is greatly prolonged; when in process forming, the random rubber is added into the round corners of the outer side wall plates for treatment, so that the problem of easy rubber accumulation is solved, and the total weight is further reduced.

Description

Composite material cylindrical part and forming method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of non-metal composite material manufacturing, in particular to a composite material cylindrical part and a forming method thereof.

Background

The cylindrical part is often used as a launching component of a launching tube of fireworks and civil shooting equipment, and the launching component of the launching tube not only needs to meet the structural and functional requirements, but also needs to meet the requirements of high strength, light weight and portability at high temperature. The metal structure barrel in the traditional technology has the problems of heavy weight, welding deformation, easy corrosion and the like, and the existing composite material launching barrel has the problems of poor rigidity, heavy weight, large volume, poor heat insulation capability, easy cracking of different interlayer materials, short service life, incapability of being repeatedly utilized and difficulty in heat insulation and volume.

Therefore, the need for developing a portable launch canister with good high-temperature mechanical strength, good thermal insulation performance and long service life is particularly urgent.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a composite material tubular part and a method for forming the same, so as to solve at least one of the technical problems of low high-temperature mechanical strength, poor heat insulation performance and short service life of the existing tubular part such as an emitting part in an emitting tube.

The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a composite material cylindrical part which comprises an anti-heat-insulation layer, a first transition buffer structure, an inner side wall plate, a radial filling structure and an outer side wall plate which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside;

the first transition buffer structure is a multi-layer composite structure comprising a tough supporting layer, and the tough supporting layer can be matched with an anti-heat insulation layer and an inner side wall plate with different thermal expansion coefficients.

Preferably, the thermal expansion coefficient difference between the thermal insulation layer and the inner side wall plate is 8 x 10 ^-6 m/℃～9×10 ^-6 m/℃。

Preferably, the first transition buffer structure comprises a first rigid connection layer, a first flexible support layer and a second rigid connection layer which are sequentially distributed from a high-temperature area to a low-temperature area.

Preferably, the first rigid connection layer is a glass fiber felt layer, the first flexible support layer is a glass fiber cloth layer, and the second rigid connection layer is a glass fiber felt layer.

Preferably, the glass fiber felt layer of the first rigid connecting layer is 2 to 3 layers, the glass fiber cloth layer of the first flexible supporting layer is 1 to 3 layers, and the glass fiber felt layer of the second rigid connecting layer is 2 to 3 layers.

Preferably, the glass fiber mats of the first rigid connecting layer and the second rigid connecting layer areThe length of the fiber is 2 mm-10 mm; the glass fiber mat is chopped strands; the glass fiber cloth is as follows: any one of a grain cloth, an twill cloth and a plain cloth; the density of the glass fiber cloth is 170g/cm ³ ～220g/cm ³ Twill cloth.

Preferably, the thermal insulation prevention layer adopts a fiber reinforced resin matrix structure.

Preferably, the matrix resin of the fiber reinforced resin matrix structure is one or more of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, arylacetylene resin or modified resin of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin and arylacetylene resin.

Preferably, the matrix resin of the fiber reinforced resin matrix structure is an interpenetrating phase composite modified phenolic resin.

Preferably, the cylindrical part is further provided with an axial supporting structure which is axially parallel to the cylindrical part, and the axial supporting structure is arranged in the radial filling structure and fixed on the outer wall of the inner side wall plate.

Preferably, the axial support structures are multiple and are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical part.

Preferably, the axial support structure comprises an inner filling structure and an outer reinforcing structure surrounding the inner filling structure; the external reinforcing structure comprises a panel fixedly connected with the inner side wall plate and a reinforcing rib surrounding and fixing the internal filling structure.

Preferably, the face plate and the reinforcing ribs are of a fiber reinforced resin matrix structure.

Preferably, the fiber reinforced structural layer in the axial support structure is quasi-isotropic; the reinforced fiber of the fiber reinforced structural layer is one or more of quartz fiber, carbon fiber, high silica fiber and basalt fiber.

Preferably, the reinforcing fibers of the fiber reinforced resin matrix structure are carbon fibers.

Preferably, the matrix resin of the fiber reinforced resin matrix structure is one or more of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, aryl acetylene resin and epoxy resin or modified resin of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, aryl acetylene resin and epoxy resin; the internal filling structure is a light material with a hollow micropore or bubble structure.

Preferably, the internal filling structure is any one of PEI foam or PMI foam; the matrix resin of the fiber reinforced resin matrix structure is EH301 epoxy resin.

Preferably, the cylindrical part is further provided with a radial support structure, and the radial support structure is arranged between the radial filling structure and the outer side wall plate.

Preferably, the radial support structures are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the cylindrical part.

Preferably, the radial support structure is a lightweight material of hollow microporous or bubble structure.

Preferably, the radial support structure is any one of PEI foam or PMI foam.

Preferably, a second transition buffer structure is further arranged among the radial support structure, the radial filling structure and the outer side wall plate; the radial supporting structure is fixedly connected with the outer side wall plate through the second transition buffer structure; the radial filling structure is fixedly connected with the outer side wall plate through the second transition buffer structure; the second transition buffer structure is a multi-layer composite structure including a flexible support layer capable of mating with a radial support structure and an outer sidewall plate having different coefficients of thermal expansion, and the flexible support layer is capable of mating with a radial fill structure and an outer sidewall plate having different coefficients of thermal expansion.

Preferably, the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the radial support structure or the radial filler structure and the outer side wall plate is 35 × 10 ^-6 m/℃～41×10 ^-6 m/℃。

Preferably, the second transition buffer structure comprises a third rigid connection layer, a second flexible support layer and a fourth rigid connection layer which are sequentially distributed from the high-temperature area to the low-temperature area.

Preferably, the third rigid connection layer is a glass fiber felt layer, the second flexible support layer is a glass fiber cloth layer, and the fourth rigid connection layer is a glass fiber felt layer.

Preferably, the glass fiber felt layer of the third rigid connecting layer is 2-3 layers, the glass fiber cloth layer of the second tough supporting layer is 1-3 layers, and the glass fiber felt layer of the fourth rigid connecting layer is 2-3 layersLayer(s)。

Preferably, the fiber length of the glass fiber mats of the third rigid connecting layer and the fourth rigid connecting layer is 10-15 mm; the glass fiber mat is chopped strands; the glass fiber cloth is as follows: any one of a grain cloth, an twill cloth and a plain cloth; the density of the glass fiber cloth is 170g/cm ³ ～220g/cm ³ Twill cloth.

Preferably, the matrix resin of the fiber reinforced resin matrix structure is one or more of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, aryl acetylene resin or modified resin of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin and aryl acetylene resin.

Preferably, the matrix resin of the fiber reinforced resin matrix structure is an interpenetrating phase composite material modified phenolic resin.

Preferably, the fiber reinforced resin matrix structure is provided with a fiber reinforced structural layer.

Preferably, the fiber reinforced structure layer adopts one or more of fiber woven structure layer, fiber cloth laminated paving layer, chopped strand mat needling layer and fabric laminated needling layer.

Preferably, the reinforcing fiber of the fiber reinforced structural layer is one or more of quartz fiber, carbon fiber, high silica fiber and basalt fiber.

Preferably, the reinforcing fibers of the fiber reinforced resin matrix structure are quartz fibers, carbon fibers or a mixture of the two.

Preferably, the inner side wall plate and the outer side wall plate are fiber reinforced resin matrix structures, and the fiber reinforced resin matrix structures are provided with fiber reinforced structure layers.

Preferably, the matrix resin of the fiber reinforced resin matrix structure is one or more of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, arylacetylene resin and epoxy resin or modified resin of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, arylacetylene resin and epoxy resin.

Preferably, the matrix resin of the fiber reinforced resin matrix structure is EH301 epoxy resin.

Preferably, the radial filling structure is a lightweight material with a hollow micropore or bubble structure.

Preferably, the radial filling structure is any one of PEI foam or PMI foam.

The invention provides a method for forming a composite material cylindrical part, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, dip forming of the thermal insulation layer:

preparing a heat-proof and insulating layer in a mould by adopting a vacuum impregnation process;

step 2, laying a first transition buffer structure:

laying each layer of materials of the first transition buffer structure layer by taking the outer surface of the heat-proof layer as a datum plane;

step 3, vacuum introduction and forming of the inner side wall plate:

preparing a cylindrical part preform with an inner side wall plate fixed outside by taking the outer surface of the first transition buffer structure as a reference surface and adopting a vacuum introduction process;

step 4, forming an axial supporting structure:

preparing an axial supporting structure in the die by adopting an autoclave process;

step 5, assembling the inner side wall plate and the axial supporting structure:

fixedly connecting an axial supporting structure at a preset position of the inner side wall plate to obtain a cylindrical part prefabricated body covered with the axial supporting structure;

step 6, fixing the radial filling structure and the radial supporting structure:

bonding and fixing a radial filling structure on the outer wall of the cylindrical part prefabricated body covered with the axial support structure; bonding and fixing a radial supporting structure on the outer wall of the radial filling structure, and curing and molding under vacuum to obtain a cylindrical part prefabricated body with the radial filling structure and the radial supporting structure;

step 7, laying a second transition buffer structure:

laying a second transition buffer structure on the outer wall of the cylindrical part prefabricated body with the radial filling structure;

step 8, forming of an outer side wall plate:

and preparing an outer side wall plate on the outer wall of the second transition buffer structure by adopting a vacuum introduction process.

Preferably, in the step 1, the vacuum degree is more than or equal to 980mbar, the heating temperature is 80-180 ℃, and the forming time is 12-24 hours.

Preferably, the step 3 comprises the following steps:

step 3.1: preheating the prefabricated body of the inner side wall plate at 120-130 ℃ after vacuumizing, and gradually increasing within the range of 600-980 mbar after the negative pressure pumping operation is started;

step 3.2: preheating resin at 100-120 deg.c and introducing the resin into the preheated prefabricated inner wall board;

step 3.3: and carrying out heat treatment molding on the inner side wall plate preform subjected to resin introduction at 130-150 ℃ and 170-180 ℃ in sequence.

Preferably, the step 4 comprises the following steps:

step 4.1: pouring a panel of an external reinforcing structure in a mould by using fiber prepreg, wherein 3-5 layers of the fiber prepreg are spread and compacted in vacuum for 1 time, the compacting time is 15-50 min, and the negative pressure is gradually increased within the range of 600-980 mbar after the negative pressure operation is started;

and 4.2: laying fiber prepreg layer by layer at the position of the internal filling structure positioned on the panel to prepare reinforcing ribs, and performing pre-compaction treatment in a hot compaction mode, wherein the compaction temperature is 130-140 ℃, and the time is 15-50 min;

step 4.3: the prefabricated body with the reinforcing ribs 2032 is placed in a vacuum bag in a hot-pressing tank, and is subjected to heat treatment and molding in two stages at 130-150 ℃ and 170-180 ℃ sequentially under the pressure of 0.4-0.6 MPa.

Preferably, the step 5 comprises the following steps: the axial supporting structure is tightly connected with a cylindrical part prefabricated body of which the outer part is fixed with an inner side wall plate through an adhesive film, and the cylindrical part prefabricated body is subjected to heat treatment forming at two stages of 130-150 ℃ and 170-180 ℃ in sequence under the negative pressure environment with gradually increasing range of 600-980 mbar.

Preferably, the step 6 comprises the following steps:

step 6.1: fixing a radial filling structure on the outer wall of an inner side wall plate of the cylindrical part prefabricated body covered with the axial supporting structure, and positioning and fixedly connecting the radial filling structure on the outer wall of the radial filling structure;

step 6.2: the cylindrical part prefabricated body with the radial filling structure and the radial supporting structure is subjected to heat treatment forming at two stages of 130-150 ℃ and 170-180 ℃ in sequence under the negative pressure environment with gradually increasing range of 600-980 mbar.

Preferably, in step 8, in order to prepare the outer sidewall plate by using the vacuum import process, a release fabric, an isolation film, a flow guide net and a vacuum bag are sequentially laid on the outer wall of the second transition buffer structure.

Preferably, conformal rubber is placed between the vacuum bag and the flow guide net at a fillet at the joint of the outer side wall plate and the fixed end of the radial support structure; and two independent demoulding cloths are needed to be lapped and adhered at the fillet, and two independent diversion nets are needed to be lapped and adhered at the fillet.

Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:

(1) Compared with the prior art that the shear strength of the inner side wall is improved to 60MPa from 55MPa, and the shear strength of the outer side wall is improved to 70MPa from 60MPa, the shear strength is respectively improved by 9.09% and 16.6%.

(2) The transition buffer structure can adopt a structural form of glass fiber mat, glass fiber cloth and glass fiber mat, wherein the glass fiber cloth layer can generate certain creep deformation when being subjected to external force, the flexible structure greatly improves the stress difference and cracking caused by different thermal expansion coefficients of different materials when the temperature changes, and a good stress buffer layer is integrally formed; the transition buffer structure can be arranged at the joint of the radial support structure and the outer side wall plate, and the radial support structure is tightly and fixedly connected with the glass fiber felt which is tightly adjacent to the outer side wall plate, so that the defects of weak strength and poor shearing resistance of the glass fiber cloth body can be effectively avoided; and then effectively cushion because of stress and the deformation that the material thermal expansion rate difference brought that inside and outside temperature difference arouses in the inside wall board is different, and then can effectively avoid the chap and the deformation of the inside and outside of inside wall board, improved life greatly.

(3) The axial support structure and the radial support structures distributed along the circumferential direction are axially arranged on the cylindrical part, and the interiors of the axial support structure and the radial support structures are subjected to weight reduction treatment, so that the structure strength is improved, the additional weight brought by the support structures is greatly reduced, and the cylindrical part has the advantage of light weight; meanwhile, when the heat-insulating layer and the inner and outer side wall plates are processed, a vacuum impregnation or vacuum introduction process is adopted, the axial supporting structure and the radial supporting structure can be arranged on the inner side of the outer wall of the cylindrical part, the integral appearance is realized, and meanwhile, the structure is beneficial to external force dispersion and more balanced stress when being subjected to external force, so that the probability of damage of the cylindrical part due to the external force can be reduced.

(4) The axial supporting structure, the radial supporting structure and the radial filling structure can adopt high-temperature-resistant PEI or PMI high-temperature-resistant sponge, light weight and heat insulation are realized, and the PEI or PMI high-temperature-resistant sponge still has good strength even at high temperature.

(5) When the outer side wall plate is formed, the flow guide net at the connecting fillet of the radial filling structure and the radial supporting structure can be subjected to lap joint treatment, and the conformal rubber is placed between the fillet and the vacuum bag, so that the defects that the vacuum bag is difficult to attach to the connecting fillet in the traditional process and the pressure is low, the rubber discharge is not complete can be overcome, the appearance is improved, and the rubber accumulation amount is reduced.

(6) The heat-insulating layer can adopt an interpenetrating phase composite material (IPC), the surface can be ceramic and hard at high temperature, and the heat-insulating layer has a uniform nano-pore structure and good heat-insulating property; compared with the high-temperature resistant resin in the prior art, the heat insulation performance is greatly improved, and the heat conductivity is reduced to 0.066W/(mK) from 0.078W/(mK) by 15.4%.

In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.

Drawings

The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite tubular article according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a state where no glue is deposited at the connecting round corner between the outer sidewall plate and the radial support structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state of glue deposition at a connecting corner between an outer sidewall plate and a radial support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process arrangement for vacuum impregnation and vacuum introduction in one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of an axial support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the lay-up of layers of carbon fiber fabric prepreg in one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a first transition buffer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a side view of a composite tubular article according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9a is a sectional view taken along line A1-A1 of FIG. 8;

FIG. 9b is a sectional view taken along the line A2-A2 of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10a is a sectional view of section B1-B1 of FIGS. 9a and 9B;

FIG. 10B is a sectional view taken along the plane B2-B2 in FIGS. 9a and 9B;

FIG. 11 is a CT picture of the junction of the inner side wall panel and the heat insulating prevention panel of example 4;

FIG. 12 is a CT picture of the junction of the inner side wall panel and the heat-insulating prevention panel in comparative example 2;

FIG. 13 is a photograph of a finished product of the outer sidewall plate formed with conformal rubber according to example 4;

FIG. 14 is a photograph of a finished product of comparative example 3 in which the outer sidewall plate is formed without a conformal rubber;

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a second transition buffer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

a heat-proof and insulating layer 1; an axial support structure 2; an inner fill structure 202; an outer reinforcing structure 203; a face plate 2031; a reinforcing rib 2032; an inner side wall panel 3; a radial filling structure 4; an outer side wall panel 5; a radial support structure 6; an outer coating 7; an outer coating body 701; an annular protrusion 702; a first transition buffer structure 8; a first rigid connection layer 801; a first ductile support layer 802; a second rigid connection layer 803;9 carbon fiber fabric prepreg; rotating the carbon fiber fabric prepreg layer at the bottom layer by 90 degrees relative to the layer 901; a bottom carbon fiber fabric prepreg layer 902; rotating the carbon fiber fabric prepreg layer at an angle of 45 degrees in a counterclockwise direction relative to the bottom layer 903; rotating the carbon fiber fabric prepreg layer relative to the bottom layer clockwise by 45 degrees 904; a second transition buffer structure 10; a third rigid connection layer 1001; a second flexible support layer 1002; a fourth rigid connecting layer 1003; the outer side wall plate is externally provided with an accumulated glue and special-shaped area 11; a preform 12 to be formed; a vacuum bag 13; an autoclave 14; an autoclave inlet and outlet 1401; a mold 15; a vacuum extraction port 16.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit its scope.

In order to clearly express the technical scheme of the invention, the following terms are specifically explained:

three-proofing paint: after curing, a layer of transparent protective film is formed, and the transparent protective film has excellent insulating, damp-proof, anti-creeping, shockproof, dustproof, anti-corrosion, anti-aging, corona-resistant and other performances.

Quasi-isotropy: the rigidity in all directions in the plane is the same, and the symmetrical laminated plate without the tension-shear or shear-tension coupling effect is different from the isotropic laminated plate in that: the rigidity in the thickness direction is not necessarily the same as the in-plane rigidity; its bending stiffness properties are also not isotropic.

Short-cut felt: and the glass fiber fabrics are randomly distributed and bonded together after the glass fiber strands are chopped.

Laying and pasting fiber cloth: and (5) paving and bonding the fiber cloth in multiple layers.

Chopped strand mat needling pattern, fabric lamination needling: the carded chopped strand mat is needled in a needled form, the fabric laminate, and the fibers are mechanically entangled with one another to consolidate the web to form a mat-like material.

The glass fiber cloth is various glass fiber cloth and glass fiber fabrics woven by glass fiber yarns.

Demolding cloth: the demolding cloth is an auxiliary material for the composite material member in the forming and curing process and is also one material set between the mold and the blank part to prevent the adhesion of resin to the mold.

Pressure equalizing plate: the pressure equalizing plate is a process auxiliary material in the forming and curing process of the composite material member, and is a material which is arranged between the die and the blank part and prevents the blank part from being stressed unevenly.

An empty isolation film: the auxiliary material mainly plays a role in positioning and fixing in the autoclave molding process, allows volatile components to pass through, and can absorb a certain amount of redundant resin; for the resin content is less, for example, the vacuum forming process of the prepreg is more to select a nonporous parting film.

Air-permeable felt: has good absorption performance. Additional resin may be absorbed or used as an intermediary in the vacuum process.

A flow guide net: when the resin is used in a vacuum process, the resin is promoted to flow, and the resin is quickly and effectively dispersed in a net structure of the whole part.

Shape following rubber: an uncured rubber material that is free to deform under pressure without active rebound.

A vacuum impregnation process: the vacuum application process is that under the vacuum condition, the impregnating material is impregnated into other solid matters through negative pressure so as to improve the material performance of the matters or meet certain specific requirements.

A vacuum introduction process: laying glass fiber, glass fiber fabric, various inserts, demolding cloth, a resin permeable layer, a resin pipeline and a covering nylon and a flexible film (vacuum bag) on a cured gel coat layer; sealing the film and the forming cavity, vacuumizing, impregnating the fiber by resin flowing along a resin pipeline and the like, and further curing and forming.

On one hand, the invention provides a composite material cylindrical part, which comprises an anti-heat-insulation layer 1, a first transition buffer structure 8, an inner side wall plate 3, a radial filling structure 4 and an outer side wall plate 5 which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside as shown in figure 1; the first transition buffer structure 8 is a multi-layer composite structure comprising a flexible support layer capable of matching the thermal barrier layer 1 and the inner sidewall plate 3 having different coefficients of thermal expansion.

Compared with the prior art, the first transition buffer structure is arranged between the thermal insulation layer and the inner side wall plate, the stress difference and the cracking caused by different expansion rates of the thermal insulation layer and the inner side wall plate are greatly improved by the flexible structure of the toughness supporting layer, and a good stress buffer layer is integrally formed.

Wherein the thermal expansion coefficient difference between the thermal insulation layer 1 and the inner side wall plate 3 is 8 multiplied by 10 ^-6 m/℃～9×10 ^-6 Between m/DEG C, the first transition buffer structure 8 is a multilayer composite structure and is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the heat-proof and insulation layer 1 and the inner side wall plate 3On the outer wall of the first transition buffer structure 8, the radial filling structure 4 is fixed on the outer wall of the inner side wall plate 3. The problem that different thermal expansion coefficients are easy to crack in the prior art when the temperature difference is high is solved through the arrangement of the first transition buffer structure, and compared with the prior art, the shearing strength of the inner side wall is improved to 60MPa from 55 MPa.

Specifically, a first transition buffer structure 8 is arranged between the inner side wall plate 3 and the heat insulation preventing layer 1, as shown in fig. 1 and 7, the first transition buffer structure 8 includes a first rigid connection layer 801, a first tough support layer 802 and a second rigid connection layer 803 which are sequentially distributed from a high temperature region to a low temperature region; first rigid connection layer 801, first malleable support layer 802, and second rigid connection layer 803 are joined by an adhesive. Wherein, the first rigid connecting layer 801 is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the heat-proof and insulation layer 1, and the second rigid connecting layer 803 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the inner side wall plate 3.

The first rigid connection layer 801 and the second rigid connection layer 803 may be glass fiber mats; selecting a glass fiber mat with the fiber length of 2-10 mm as the glass fiber mat; chopped strands are selected as the glass fiber mats. Namely, the first transition buffer structure 8 adopts a transition buffer structure of glass fiber mat, glass fiber cloth and glass fiber mat.

The first flexible supporting layer can be glass fiber cloth; the glass fiber cloth can be selected from: the cloth is composed of grain cloth, twill cloth, and plain cloth, preferably twill cloth with good shear-resistant tensile property, preferably 170g/cm ³ ～220g/cm ³ Twill cloth. The glass fiber cloth with the overweight gram number has larger thickness or too dense weaving density, which is not beneficial to the entering of the adhesive to play the adhesive role and the improvement of the adhesive strength; the glass fiber cloth with too light gram number has smaller thickness or too small weaving density, and the glass fiber cloth has too small strength, thus being not beneficial to improving the bonding strength.

The adhesive comprises: high-temperature-resistant epoxy glue powder, a high-temperature-resistant toughening agent and a high-temperature-resistant diluent; the high-temperature-resistant epoxy glue powder can be EH301 epoxy resin; the dosage and mass ratio of the high-temperature-resistant epoxy glue powder, the high-temperature-resistant toughening agent and the high-temperature-resistant diluent is as follows: 1: 0.05-0.3.

Preferably, the thermal insulation layer 1 has an expansion coefficient of 0.13 × 10 ^-6 m/℃～0.2×10 ^-6 m/℃，The coefficient of expansion of the material of the inner side wall panel 3 is not more than 9 x 10 ^-6 m/DEG C. The thermal expansion coefficient ranges of the thermal insulation layer 1 and the inner side wall plate 3 need to be controlled within a proper range, and the difference is too large, so that the thermal insulation layer is not matched with the first flexible supporting layer.

Specifically, the first rigid connection layer 801 of the first transition buffer structure 8 includes 2 to 3 layers of glass fiber mats, the first flexible support layer 802 includes 1 to 3 layers of glass fiber cloth, and the second rigid connection layer 803 includes 2 to 3 layers of glass fiber mats. The first transition buffer structure 8 can adopt a mode of sequentially paving and pasting layers, for example, paving and pasting 2-3 layers of glass fiber mats on the heat-proof layer, paving and pasting 1-3 layers of glass fiber cloth, and paving and pasting 2-3 layers of glass fiber mats, and the first transition buffer structure is constructed by the mode, wherein the stress difference and cracking caused by different expansion rates of the heat-proof layer and the inner side wall plate during temperature change are greatly improved by the flexible structure of the glass fiber cloth, and a good stress buffer layer is integrally formed; the glass fiber felts close to the heat-insulating layer and the outer side wall plate are respectively and fixedly connected tightly, so that the defects of low strength and insufficient shearing resistance of the glass fiber cloth body are effectively overcome.

Specifically, the matrix resin of the heat-proof and insulating layer may be one or more of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin and aryl acetylene resin, or one or more of modified resins of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin and aryl acetylene resin.

Compared with the prior art, the resin has better high-temperature stability and strength: the phenolic resin, the silicon-containing aryne resin and the arylacetylene resin contain aromatic group structures, and have better rigidity and high temperature resistance; meanwhile, the organic silicon resin and the silicon-containing aryne resin contain heat-resistant silicon-oxygen bonds and have better thermal stability than carbon-oxygen bonds.

Preferably, the resin is hybrid phenolic resin PF-45, namely interpenetrating phase composite material modified phenolic resin, the surface of the resin can be ceramic-shaped at high temperature, so that the resin has better heat insulation performance, and meanwhile, the resin has a uniform nano-pore structure inside the resin, so that the heat insulation performance is further improved.

Preferably, the heat-proof and insulating layer adopts a fiber reinforced resin matrix structure, and the fiber is one or a mixture of quartz fiber, carbon fiber, high silica fiber and basalt fiber. Wherein, carbon fiber, quartz fiber have hollow structure, have light characteristics. Specifically, the fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material can be prepared by filling the resin matrix with the reinforced fibers.

Compared with the prior art, the strength, rigidity and abrasion resistance of the heat-proof layer can be greatly improved by adding the reinforcing material into the resin matrix, and the heat-proof layer body is not easy to damage and rub to fall off; meanwhile, the reinforced material is beneficial to improving the glass transition temperature of the heat-proof layer, so that the high-temperature resistance is improved.

Preferably, in the heat insulation prevention layer, a fiber reinforced structure layer can be arranged between resin matrix material layers. Specifically, the fiber reinforced structural layer adopts one or more of a fiber woven structural layer, a fiber cloth laminated paving layer, a short cut felt needled layer and a fabric laminated needled layer.

The fabric laminated needling is to penetrate the fabric laminated layer to form a needling structure, so that the bonding strength between layers in the thermal insulation layer is further improved through the fabric laminated needling, and the anti-falling capacity of the thermal insulation layer is further improved.

The inner side wall plate 3 can adopt resin matrix material layers to arrange fiber reinforced structure layers; the fiber reinforced structure can be one or more of quartz fiber, carbon fiber, high silica fiber and basalt fiber, and is preferably carbon fiber. The resin is any one of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, aryl acetylene resin, epoxy resin or modified resin of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, aryl acetylene resin and epoxy resin, and preferably EH301 epoxy resin.

An axial supporting structure 2 is also arranged between the inner side wall plate 3 and the outer side wall plate 5; the axial supporting structures 2 are arranged inside the radial filling structures 4 and fixed on the outer wall of the inner side wall plate 3, the axial supporting structures 2 are arranged in a plurality and distributed at intervals in the radial direction of the cylindrical part, and axial bending resistance and shearing resistance can be effectively improved.

The axial support structure 2 comprises an inner filling structure 202 and an outer reinforcing structure 203 surrounding the inner filling structure 202; the outer reinforcing structure 203 includes a face plate 2031 fixedly connected to the inner side wall plate 3 and a bead 2032 surrounding and fixing the inner filling structure 202.

The face plate 2031 and the reinforcing ribs 2032 can adopt resin matrix material layers to arrange fiber reinforced structure layers; the fiber reinforced structure can be one or more of quartz fiber, carbon fiber, high silica fiber and basalt fiber, and carbon fiber is preferred. The resin is any one of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, aryl acetylene resin, epoxy resin or modified resin of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, aryl acetylene resin and epoxy resin, and preferably EH301 epoxy resin.

The inner filling structure 202 may be made of a low-density material; further, a solid material or a hollow material having hollow pores or bubbles may be selected; the hollow material is preferably one or a combination of high temperature resistant PEI foam and PMI foam.

The inner filling structure 202 and the outer reinforcing structure 203 may be chosen from different materials; the axial support structure of the cylindrical part can be arranged in the following mode: a plurality of independent axial support structures are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical part or a plurality of axial support structure groups are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical part, that is, a plurality of independent axial support structures or a plurality of axial support structures can be arranged as a plurality of axial support structure groups formed by a group.

Specifically, when a plurality of independent axial support structures 2 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical workpiece, a gap exists between adjacent axial support structures 2; when a plurality of axial support structure groups are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical part, gaps exist between adjacent axial support structure groups, and gaps or no gaps exist among a plurality of axial support structures in the axial support structure groups. Illustratively, as shown in fig. 1, 3 axial support structures are grouped to form an axial support structure group, and 4 axial support structure groups are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical part.

It should be noted that, several axial support structures in each axial support structure group may be integrally formed or may be separately formed. When a plurality of axial supporting structures in each axial supporting structure group are integrally formed, the common panel 2031 of the plurality of axial supporting structures is integrally paved, the positions of the plurality of filling structures 202 are positioned on the common panel 2031, and then the reinforcing ribs 2032 of the external reinforcing structures 203 of the plurality of axial supporting structures are integrally paved, so that the integrally formed axial supporting structure group is formed, and at the moment, no gap exists between the plurality of axial supporting structures in the axial supporting structure group.

Compared with the prior art, the introduction of the fiber reinforced structure enhances the strength of resin, simultaneously reduces the fluidity of the resin, improves the molding processing convenience of the axial supporting structure 2 and the inner side wall plate 3 and expands the types of machinable shapes; meanwhile, the plurality of axial support structures 2 share the fiber reinforced structure, so that the plurality of axial support structures 2 can be connected more easily, and an axial support structure 2 assembly with higher strength is obtained. Further, between the outer wall of the radial filling structure 4 and the outer side wall plate 5, a plurality of radial support structures 6 are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the cylindrical part, as shown in fig. 1: the radial supporting structures 6 can be 2-5 pieces, and the radial bending resistance and the shear strength can be effectively improved.

Further, the interior of the radial filling structure 4, the axial support structure 2 and the radial support structure 6 can be filled with a material of lower density, with a lower overall weight; meanwhile, the axial support structure 2 and the radial support structure 6 can be filled with light materials with hollow micro-pores or bubble structures, so that the energy transfer rate is reduced while the weight is low, and the heat insulation and sound insulation effects are achieved. On one hand, the hollow structure contains gas and has better heat insulation effect than a solid material; on the other hand, the sound wave is refracted or reflected at the gas-solid interface of the hollow structure and then interferes with the incident sound wave to achieve the silencing effect.

Compared with the prior art, the tubular workpiece of the support structure of the embodiment has larger radial and axial bending resistance and shearing strength, and in addition, the material of the external reinforcing structure 203, the heat insulation preventing layer 1, the external inner side wall plate 2 and the external side wall plate 5, which are lower in density than the axial support structure 2, are filled in the radial filling structure 4, the axial support structure 2 and the radial support structure 6, so that the overall weight is lower.

The low-density material can be selected from a solid material or a hollow material with hollow air holes or air bubbles; the hollow material is preferably one or the combination of high-temperature-resistant PEI (polyetherimide) foam and PMI (polymethacrylimide) foam, and the defects of large mass and rapid energy transfer loss of the traditional support structure are overcome. Specifically, the radial filling structure 4, the radial supporting structure 6 and the internal filling structure 202 are made of high-temperature-resistant PEI (polyetherimide) foam, and the porosity is 50-70%.

As shown in fig. 1, where the radial support structure 6 is provided, the outer sidewall plate 5 may be fixedly connected with the radial support structure 6 through a second transition buffer structure 10; where the radial support structure 6 is not provided, the outer sidewall plate 5 is fixedly connected with the radial filling structure 4 through a second transition buffer structure 10. The outer side wall panels 5 may further serve a supporting and insulating function.

The outer side wall plate 5 can be selected from inorganic non-metallic materials with stronger rigidity, metals, thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins; from the viewpoint of weight reduction, thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins are preferable; from the viewpoint of enhancing the rigidity at normal temperature and high temperature, a thermosetting resin material is preferable.

The outer side wall plate 5 can adopt a resin matrix material layer to arrange a fiber reinforced structure layer; the fiber reinforced structure can be one or more of quartz fiber, carbon fiber, high silica fiber and basalt fiber, and carbon fiber is preferred. The resin is any one of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, aryl acetylene resin, epoxy resin or modified resin of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, aryl acetylene resin and epoxy resin, and preferably EH301 epoxy resin. Compared with the prior art, the second transition buffer structure is arranged between the radial support structure and the outer side wall plate, the stress difference and cracking caused by different expansion rates of the radial support structure and the outer side wall plate in temperature change are greatly improved by the flexible structure of the toughness support layer, and a good stress buffer layer is integrally formed.

Wherein the outer side wall panel 5 and the radial support structure 6 or radial filling knotThe difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the structure 4 is 35 multiplied by 10 ^- ⁶ m/℃～41×10 ^-6 Between m/DEG C, the second transition buffer structure 10 is a multilayer composite structure, and the inner wall of the second transition buffer structure 10 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the radial support structure 6 or the radial filling structure 4. The second transition buffer structure solves the problem that different thermal expansion coefficients are easy to crack in the prior art when the temperature difference is high, and compared with the prior art, the shear strength of the outer side wall is improved to 70MPa from 60MPa.

Specifically, a second transition buffer structure 10 is arranged between the outer side wall plate 5 and the radial support structure 6, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 15, the second transition buffer structure 10 includes a third rigid connection layer 1001, a second flexible support layer 1002 and a fourth rigid connection layer 1003 which are sequentially distributed from a high temperature region to a low temperature region; the third rigid connecting layer 1001, the second malleable support layer 1002, and the fourth rigid connecting layer 1003 are connected by an adhesive. Wherein the third rigid connecting layer 1001 is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the radial support structure 6 or the radial filling structure 4, and the fourth rigid connecting layer 1003 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the outer sidewall plate 5.

Third rigid connecting layer 1001 and fourth rigid connecting layer 1003 may be glass fiber mats; selecting a glass fiber felt with a fiber length of 10-15 mm and a better flow guide effect; chopped strands are selected as the glass fiber mats. Namely, the second transition buffer structure 10 adopts a transition buffer structure of glass fiber mat, glass fiber cloth and glass fiber mat.

The second flexible supporting layer can be glass fiber cloth; the glass fiber cloth can be selected as follows: the grain cloth, twill cloth and tabby cloth are preferably twill cloth with good shearing resistance and tensile property, and are preferably 170g/cm ³ ～220g/cm ³ Twill cloth. The glass fiber cloth with the excessive gram number has larger thickness or the too dense weaving density, which is not beneficial to the adhesive to enter and play the bonding function and the improvement of the bonding strength; the glass fiber cloth with too light gram number has smaller thickness or too small weaving density, and the glass fiber cloth has too small strength and is not beneficial to improving the bonding strength.

Preferably, because the outer side wall plate 5 and the radial support structure 6 or the radial filling structure 4 are positioned outside the cylindrical workpiece, the temperature difference between layers is far smaller than that between the heat-proof and insulation layer 1 and the inner side wall plate 3; the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the actual radial support structure 6 or radial filling structure 4 and the outer side wall panel 5 allows a large range, the coefficient of expansion of the outer side wall panel 5 being 9 x 10 ^-6 m/℃～15×10 ^-6 The radial support structure 6 or the radial filling structure 4 has a coefficient of expansion of no more than 50 x 10 between m/DEG C ^-6 m/DEG C. The thermal expansion coefficient ranges of the thermal insulation layer 1 and the inner side wall plate 3 need to be controlled within a proper range, and the difference is too large, so that the thermal insulation layer is not matched with the second flexible supporting layer.

Specifically, the third rigid connecting layer 1001 of the second transition buffer structure 10 includes 2 to 3 layers of glass fiber mats, the second flexible supporting layer 1002 includes 1 to 3 layers of glass fiber cloth, and the fourth rigid connecting layer 1003 includes 2 to 3 layers of glass fiber mats. The second transition buffer structure 10 can adopt a mode of sequentially laying and pasting layers, such as laying and pasting 2-3 layers of glass fiber mats on a radial supporting structure or a radial filling structure, then laying and pasting 1-3 layers of glass fiber cloth, and then laying and pasting 2-3 layers of glass fiber mats, so that the second transition buffer structure is constructed, wherein the stress difference and cracking caused by different expansion rates of an outer side wall plate and the radial supporting structure or the radial filling structure during temperature change are greatly improved by the flexible structure of the glass fiber cloth, and a good stress buffer layer is integrally formed; and the glass fiber felts close to the outer side wall plate, the radial supporting structure and the radial filling structure are respectively and fixedly connected tightly, so that the defects of low strength and insufficient anti-shearing capability of the glass fiber cloth body are effectively overcome.

In order to further improve the corrosion resistance, water resistance and antistatic performance of the cylindrical part, an external coating 7 can be arranged outside the outer side wall plate 5, and the external coating 7 can be made of a conformal coating material.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for forming a composite material tubular article, for preparing the composite material tubular article, comprising the steps of:

step 1: dipping and molding the heat-proof and insulating layer 1, and preparing the heat-proof and insulating layer in a mould by adopting a vacuum dipping process;

specifically, a core mold and a prefabricated body of the thermal insulation prevention layer are placed in a cylindrical cavity mold, resin is introduced into the circular cavity mold, and a cylindrical cavity mold main body and a cover plate are locked in a bolt locking mode; the resin is fully soaked in the prefabricated body by adopting a vacuum impregnation mode, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum impregnation is not less than 980mbar; and (3) adopting a self-heating device to raise the temperature of the mould to 80-180 ℃ to cure the resin for 12-24 h, and obtaining the heat-proof layer after demoulding and processing.

The core mold is a cylindrical mold nested in the cylindrical cavity mold, and a cylindrical heat insulation layer is formed in the area between the core mold and the cylindrical cavity mold.

And 2, step: laying a first transition buffer structure 8;

specifically, the outer surface of the thermal insulation layer is used as a reference surface, epoxy glue is coated on the surface of the thermal insulation layer, 2-3 layers of glass fiber mats are paved and pasted, 1-3 layers of glass fiber cloth are paved and pasted, 2-3 layers of glass fiber mats are paved and pasted, and an adhesive is sprayed between the paved layers to finish the paving of the first transition buffer structure.

Compared with the prior art, the step 2 adopts the structure that 2-3 layers of glass fiber felts are paved and adhered on the heat-proof layer, 1-3 layers of glass fiber cloth are paved and adhered, and 2-3 layers of glass fiber felts are paved and adhered, wherein the flexible structure of the glass fiber cloth greatly improves the stress difference and cracking caused by different expansion rates of two connected layers when the temperature changes, and a good stress buffer layer is integrally formed; the glass fiber felts close to the heat-insulating layer and the inner side wall plate are respectively and fixedly connected tightly, so that the defect that the glass fiber cloth body is not strong in strength and easy to have insufficient anti-shearing capability is effectively overcome. The glass fiber mat adopts one of a chopped strand mat form, a chopped strand mat needling form and a fabric laminated needling form; the thickness of the glass fiber felt and the glass fiber cloth is the thickness of the common products in the market, and the invention is not specially limited.

And 3, step 3: vacuum introduction molding of the inner side wall plate 3

Paving and adhering a fiber framework, demolding cloth, an isolating film and a flow guide net of the inner side wall plate preform on the outer wall of the first transition buffer structure in sequence from one side close to the heat-proof layer, arranging a glue injection pipeline and a glue outlet pipeline, installing a glue injection port and a glue outlet, laying a vacuum bag and vacuumizing to lock the vacuum bag, wherein the vacuum bag is gradually increased within the range of 600-980 mbar after the negative pressure operation starts;

further, the method comprises the following steps:

step 3.1, vacuumizing an inner side wall plate prefabricated body placed in a vacuum bag, and conveying the prefabricated body to heating equipment, wherein the temperature of the heating equipment is set to be 120-130 ℃;

step 3.2, heating the resin to 100-120 ℃, and introducing the resin into the inner side wall plate prefabricated body;

and 3.3, after glue injection is finished, raising the temperature of the oven to 130-150 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, then raising the temperature of the oven to 170-180 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling the product along with the oven, and polishing and cleaning the surface after demolding to obtain the inner side wall plate. The fiber framework of the prefabricated body of the inner side wall plate is one or more of quartz fiber, carbon fiber, high silica fiber and basalt fiber.

In the

steps

2 and 3, the selected resin can be high-temperature-resistant thermosetting resin, preferably high-temperature-resistant epoxy resin, phenolic resin and silicone resin; EH301 epoxy resin is more preferable.

Compared with the prior art, in the step 3, the resin is preheated to 100-120 ℃ and is lower than the heating temperature of the outer side wall plate preform in the oven by 120-130 ℃, after glue injection is finished, the temperature of the oven is raised to 130-150 ℃ and is kept for 3h, and then the temperature of the oven is raised to 170-180 ℃ and is kept for 2h; because resin and environmental heat dissipation are from resin outside to inside process, heat up resin in advance and be less than the temperature that outside lateral wall board preform set up at the oven, so the flow rate of resin outer wall relative inside can be accelerated in the temperature setting, help resin to minute structure dispersion and distribution, reduce starved and incompleteness, lower temperature can further reduce resin reaction rate simultaneously, is favorable to the resin dispersion even.

Compared with the prior art, the temperature setting is divided into three main stages: the method comprises a first stage of setting the initial temperature of the outer side wall plate preform at the temperature of an oven to be 120-130 ℃, and further setting the temperature of the oven to be 130-150 ℃ and 170-180 ℃ for two subsequent stages. The corresponding staged setting of temperature more matches the resin flow, dispersion and curing laws: in the first stage, after glue injection, glue mainly flows in a main trunk and a large space, the resistance is small, the viscosity is reduced without intentionally raising the temperature, the fluidity is improved, and the curing is delayed by the lower temperature; in the second stage, the main resin is dispersed to a fine structure, and at the moment, because the resin is heated in the flowing process and is partially solidified to increase the viscosity and reduce the fluidity, the temperature needs to be properly increased to improve the fluidity; in the third stage, the second stage glue is fully dispersed and is cured to a higher degree at the same time, and at the moment, the temperature needs to be further increased to improve the curing crosslinking degree of the resin, so that the strength of the resin is improved.

And 4, step 4: forming the axial supporting structure 2, and preparing the axial supporting structure in a mould by adopting an autoclave process;

specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

step 4.1: casting the external reinforcement structure 203 in the mold: as shown in fig. 5, a carbon fiber fabric prepreg is laid on the mold sprayed with the release agent as a face sheet 2031 of the external reinforcing structure 203; the carbon fiber fabric prepreg is soaked by thermosetting resin, so that the carbon fiber fabric is fully coated by the thermosetting resin, and the thermosetting resin can be single-component epoxy resin. In order to ensure the bonding tightness of the fiber prepreg and the uniform thickness of each layer of the fiber prepreg, 3-5 layers of the fiber prepreg are paved and compacted in vacuum for 1 time; the time is 15min to 50min, and the negative pressure operation is gradually increased within the range of 600mbar to 980mbar after the negative pressure operation is started.

Compared with the prior art, the carbon fiber fabric prepreg laid and pasted is more beneficial to completely permeating carbon fibers with glue and obtaining more uniform effect compared with a carbon fiber glue injection process; 3-5 layers of fiber prepreg are paved and compacted for 1 time, which is beneficial to exhausting air and ensuring uniform force application and controlling the shape after molding.

Step 4.2: positioning the position of the internal filling structure 202 on the face plate 2031 by laser projection, and as shown in fig. 5, laying prepreg layer by layer on the foam shaped into a suitable shape as the reinforcing ribs 2032 of the external reinforcing structure 203; after the laying of a layer of prepreg is finished, positioning by using a positioning tool, and performing pre-compaction treatment in a hot compaction mode, wherein the compaction temperature is 130-140 ℃, and the compaction time is 15-30 min; after all layers of prepreg are paved in sequence by the same method, the demolding cloth, the pressure equalizing plate, the isolating film with holes and the air-permeable felt are paved outside the outermost layer of prepreg in sequence and then are placed inside the vacuum bag with the air exhaust holes.

Compared with the prior art, the positioning tool is adopted to position and hot press each layer of prepreg after paving and pasting, so that the forming integrity can be ensured to the maximum extent, the positioning tool is used for replacing the vacuum bag-making forming process in the prior art, and only the vacuum pumping is carried out after all the prepregs are paved and pasted, so that the vacuum forming process is greatly simplified compared with the prior art; meanwhile, the positioning tool matched with the shape of the internal filling structure 202 can greatly avoid the phenomenon that foam contacts with the panel 2031 to form fillet glue residue, and the stability of the designed shape is guaranteed.

Step 4.3: transferring the vacuum bag and the axial support structure in the vacuum bag to an autoclave, vacuumizing the vacuum bag to negative pressure, and gradually increasing the negative pressure within the range of 600mbar to 980mbar after the negative pressure operation starts; raising the temperature of the autoclave to 130-150 ℃ and preserving heat for 3-4 h, then raising the temperature of the autoclave to 170-180 ℃ and preserving heat for 2-4 h, wherein the molding pressure is 0.4-0.6 MPa; during which the vacuum bag is kept in a stable vacuum state; and cooling the crude product of the axial supporting structure along with a furnace, and trimming after demolding to obtain the axial supporting structure.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the method of gradually pressurizing within the range of 600mbar to 980mbar after the beginning is adopted for negative pressure operation, the vacuum pressure and the exhaust capacity are gradually improved along with the solidification and the increase of the viscosity of the thermosetting resin, the continuous and stable pressure outside the vacuum bag on the resin-containing material in the resin solidification process is ensured, and the phenomena of incapability of compression and larger forming thickness along with the increase of the viscosity of the resin under the negative pressure condition are avoided; meanwhile, the problems of resin overflow and waste caused by overlarge vacuum pressure and high compression speed in the initial stage when the viscosity of the resin is low are avoided. Compared with the prior art, the crude product of the axial supporting structure is cooled along with the furnace, so that the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the axial supporting device can be reduced as much as possible, and the stress generated by the foam and the external reinforcing structure due to different thermal expansion coefficients is avoided.

Further, the carbon fiber fabric prepreg according to the present invention can obtain a quasi-isotropic structure by adjusting the lay-up angle, and as the carbon fiber fabric prepreg must include at least 4 layers, and each layer must have the same rigidity and thickness. With the initial setting bottom carbon fiber fabric preimpregnation material be 0 layer, its fibre orientation of putting is initial zero degree, the relative bottom carbon fiber fabric preimpregnation material's of fibre direction of laying of each layer carbon fiber fabric preimpregnation material fibre, it is different laying the in-plane direction to have certain inclination, the fibre of equidirectional not still has specific intensity, as shown in fig. 6:

bottom carbon fiber fabric prepreg layer (0 ° layer) 902: providing axial strength and stiffness, is well suited for assemblies that must withstand axial loads.

Counter-clockwise rotation of 45 ° plies (45 ° plies) 903 with respect to the bottom carbon fiber fabric prepreg ply: providing shear and torsional strength and stiffness.

Rotate 45 deg. layers (45 deg. layers) 904 clockwise relative to the bottom carbon fiber fabric prepreg layer: providing shear and torsional strength and stiffness.

Rotating the layers at 90 degrees (90 degree layers) 901 relative to the bottom carbon fiber fabric prepreg layer: provides transverse strength and stiffness, holds the layers together and provides compression resistance.

Compared with the prior art, the carbon fiber fabric prepreg can obtain a quasi-isotropic structure by adjusting the laying angle, and has axial strength and rigidity, shear strength and torsional strength and rigidity, and shear strength and torsional strength and rigidity; the quasi-isotropic structure may produce a stiff material with strength in all directions.

And 5: assembling the inner side wall plate and the axial support structure;

specifically, the preset position of the inner side wall plate which is guided in the step 3 is fixedly connected with an axial supporting structure, and a cylindrical part prefabricated body covered with the axial supporting structure is obtained; the outer surface of the inner side wall plate is roughened in an electric polishing mode, and the outer surface of the inner side wall plate is cleaned by acetone or ethanol serving as a cleaning agent.

The method comprises the steps of paving a glue film to a preset position in a laser projection mode, placing an axial supporting structure on the glue film, positioning the axial supporting structure, paving demolding cloth and an air-permeable felt, arranging an air suction opening and making a bag, transferring the axial supporting structure and an assembly to an oven, gradually increasing the axial supporting structure and the assembly within the range of 600-980 mbar after negative pressure operation starts, raising the temperature of the oven to 130-150 ℃ for heat preservation for 3 hours, raising the temperature of the oven to 170-180 ℃ for heat preservation for 2 hours to enable the glue film to be cured, and assembling the rest axial supporting structures in the same mode after demolding. And after the assembly is finished, processing the glue accumulation area to obtain a cylindrical workpiece with an axial support structure. The glue film selected in the step can be a high-temperature-resistant thermosetting resin glue film, preferably high-temperature-resistant epoxy resin and silicon resin; the more preferable adhesive film is an adhesive film EH601 high-temperature resistant structural adhesive film; the thickness of the adhesive film is 0.1 mm-0.2 mm, and the number of the adhesive film layers is 1-2.

Step 6: radial packing and radial support structure fixation

Bonding and fixing a radial filling structure on the outer wall of the cylindrical part prefabricated body covered with the axial support structure; and further bonding and fixing a radial supporting structure on the outer wall of the radial filling structure, and curing and molding under vacuum to obtain a cylindrical part preform with the radial filling structure and the radial supporting structure.

Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

step 6.1: fixing the cut and formed radial filling structure on the inner side wall plate coated with the adhesive, further positioning a radial supporting structure of the radial supporting structure on the outer wall of the radial filling structure by adopting a positioning tool, laying glass fiber prepreg between the radial supporting structure and the radial filling structure, sequentially laying demolding cloth, an isolating film and an air-permeable felt on the other side surfaces of the radial supporting structure, placing the radial supporting structure after laying and the initial cylindrical workpiece in a vacuum bag and arranging an air exhaust port; the glass fiber prepreg is made of glass fiber, and the invention is not specially limited; the resin selected in the glass fiber prepreg can be high-temperature-resistant thermosetting resin, preferably one or more of phenolic resin, organic silicon resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, aryl acetylene resin and epoxy resin or modified resin of phenolic resin, organic silicon resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, aryl acetylene resin and epoxy resin; EH301 epoxy resin is more preferable.

The schematic diagram of the vacuum impregnation process or vacuum introduction process is shown in fig. 4: placing the preform 12 to be formed inside a vacuum bag 13; the vacuum bag 13 with the preform 12 to be formed and the mould 15 are sealingly placed in the autoclave 14 and externally connected to the autoclave 14 via vacuum extraction openings 16. The autoclave 14 is provided with an autoclave inlet and outlet 1401, and pressure-adjustable hot compressed gas can be introduced through the autoclave 14 inlet and outlet 1401 to adjust the internal pressure and temperature of the autoclave 14; when the vacuum bag 13 is vacuumized, the autoclave 14 is filled with air to press the vacuum bag 13 and the preform 12 to be molded, thereby completing the heat press forming of the preform 12 to be molded.

Compared with the prior art, the isolation film and the breathable felt are added in the step, so that more resin can be absorbed, the diversion effect on redundant resin is achieved, and the influence of redundant resin accumulation on the appearance of a finished product is prevented.

Step 6.2: the vacuum bag and the initial cylindrical part are insulated for 2 to 6 hours at the temperature of between 130 and 150 ℃, and then are further heated to between 170 and 180 ℃ for 1 to 4 hours to solidify the prepreg; compared with the prior art, the step adopts a two-stage heating process, controls the flowing and curing rate of the resin, and cures the resin after the resin flows and disperses fully; too fast curing of the resin can lead to insufficient polymerization flow and uneven dispersion can lead to partial gel loss; and the first temperature rise time is too long, so that the content of residual effective glue in the glass fiber prepreg is low, and the improvement of the connection strength between the radial support structure and the initial cylindrical part is not facilitated.

And 7: laying a second transition buffer structure

And (4) paving and pasting 2-3 layers of glass fiber felts on the radial supporting structure fixed in the step (6), paving and pasting 1-3 layers of glass fiber cloth, paving and pasting 2-3 layers of glass fiber felts, and finishing the paving of the second transition buffer structure.

And 8: vacuum introduction molding of outer side wall plate

And preparing an outer side wall plate on the outer wall of the cylindrical part preform with the radial support structure by adopting a vacuum introduction process outside the second transition buffer structure after the laying is finished.

The inventor finds that: different from the PEI (polyetherimide) foam, PMI (polymethacrylimide) foam and the common foam in-situ foaming process, the prior art adopts the assembly process after pre-forming and cutting, and the following defects exist in the thermosetting forming process of the outer side wall plate 5, as shown in fig. 3:

(1) Glue is accumulated at the corner of the radial support structure;

(2) The corner appearance of the radial support structure is irregular.

FIG. 2 shows a normal state without glue build-up, FIG. 3 shows a case where glue build-up and a profile are present, wherein 5 denotes an outer sidewall panel, and 11 denotes an outer glue build-up and a profile area of the outer sidewall panel.

The defects seriously affect the use of products, and are also main influencing factors that PEI (polyetherimide) foam and PMI (polymethacrylimide) foam cannot be directly used for reducing weight of a supporting structure in the prior art.

In order to overcome the defects, the invention also provides a method for forming the outer side wall plate of the cylindrical part with the radial support structure, which comprises the following steps:

paving 2 layers of prefabricated fiber frameworks, demolding cloth, isolating films and flow guide nets of the outer side wall plate on the outer side of the second transition buffer structure after paving; when the demolding cloth and the flow guide net are paved, the fillet is required to be cut and subjected to lap joint treatment, shape-following rubber is placed at the fillet, and the fillet quality of the outer side wall plate is ensured; arranging a glue injection pipeline and a glue outlet pipeline, installing a glue injection port and a glue outlet, laying a vacuum bag film, vacuumizing to lock the vacuum bag film, conveying the outer side wall plate preform to heating equipment, setting the temperature of an oven to be 120-130 ℃, heating resin to be 100-120 ℃, introducing the resin into the outer side wall plate preform, after glue injection is finished, heating the temperature of the oven to be 130-150 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, then heating the temperature of the oven to be 170-180 ℃, cooling the product along with the oven, and polishing and cleaning the surface after demolding to obtain the outer side wall plate. The outer side wall plate preform fiber is one or more of quartz fiber, carbon fiber, high silica fiber and basalt fiber.

In the heat-proof layer, a fiber reinforced structure layer can be arranged between resin matrix material layers. Specifically, the fiber reinforced structural layer adopts one or more of fiber woven structural layer, fiber cloth laminated paving layer, chopped strand mat needling layer and fabric laminated needling layer. The resin selected in the step can be one or more of phenolic resin, organic silicon resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, aryl acetylene resin and epoxy resin, or one or more of modified resins of phenolic resin, organic silicon resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, aryl acetylene resin and epoxy resin, preferably high-temperature-resistant epoxy resin, phenolic resin and silicon resin; EH301 epoxy resin is more preferable.

Compared with the prior art, the embodiment adopts the steps that 2-3 layers of glass fiber felts are paved and adhered on the radial supporting structure or the radial filling structure, 1-3 layers of glass fiber cloth are paved and adhered, and 2-3 layers of glass fiber felts are paved and adhered, so that the second transition buffer structure is constructed, the stress difference and the cracking caused by different expansion rates of the outer side wall plate and the radial supporting structure or the radial filling structure during temperature change are greatly improved by the flexible structure of the glass fiber cloth, and a good stress buffer layer is integrally formed; and the glass fiber felts close to the outer side wall plate, the radial supporting structure and the radial filling structure are respectively and fixedly connected tightly, so that the defects of low strength and insufficient anti-shearing capability of the glass fiber cloth body are effectively overcome.

Compared with the prior art, in the step 8, the resin is preheated to 100-120 ℃ and is lower than the heating temperature of the outer side wall plate preform in the oven by 120-130 ℃, after glue injection is finished, the temperature of the oven is raised to 130-150 ℃ and is kept for 3h, and then the temperature of the oven is raised to 170-180 ℃ and is kept for 2h; because resin and environmental heat dissipation are from the outside to inside process of resin, heat up resin in advance and be less than the temperature that outside lateral wall board preform set up at the oven, so the flow rate of resin outer wall relative inside can be accelerated in the temperature setting, help resin to minute structure dispersion and distribution, reduce starvation and incompleteness, the lower temperature can further reduce resin reaction rate simultaneously, is favorable to the resin dispersion even.

Compared with the prior art, the temperature setting is divided into three main stages: the initial temperature of the outer side wall plate preform set at the oven temperature is 120-130 ℃, and the oven temperature is further set at 130-150 ℃ and 170-180 ℃ for two subsequent stages. The corresponding phased setting of temperature more matches the resin flow, dispersion and curing laws: in the first stage, after glue injection, the glue mainly flows in a main trunk and a large space, the resistance is small, the viscosity is reduced without deliberately raising the temperature, and the lower temperature is favorable for delaying solidification; in the second stage, the main resin is dispersed to a fine structure, and at the moment, because the resin is heated in the flowing process and is partially solidified to increase the viscosity and reduce the fluidity, the temperature needs to be properly increased to improve the fluidity; in the third stage, the second stage glue is fully dispersed and is cured to a higher degree, so that the curing crosslinking degree of the resin needs to be further increased by heating, and the strength of the resin is further improved.

Compared with the prior art, when the demolding cloth and the flow guide net are paved, the round corners need to be cut off for lapping treatment, so that the glue outflow rate of redundant glue can be greatly increased, and the accumulated glue is favorably reduced; on the other hand, the conformal rubber is placed at the round corners, so that the problems that the pressure applied by the vacuum bag at the round corners is small and the vacuum bag cannot be effectively tightened during vacuum pumping can be greatly solved, the vacuum bag applies pressure through the conformal rubber to promote glue discharge, and glue accumulation is reduced; meanwhile, due to the characteristic that the shape following rubber is shaped after being pressed and does not rebound, the stable quality of the design of the fillet shape of the outer side wall plate is ensured.

And step 9: three-proofing coating:

and brushing three-proofing paint on the surface of the cylindrical prefabricated part with the outer side wall plate as an external coating.

In order to illustrate the technical progress of the invention, GB/T3139-2005 "test method for thermal conductivity of fiber reinforced plastics" was further adopted to test the thermal conductivity of the thermosetting resin material involved in the invention.

In order to illustrate the technical progress of the invention, GB/T1450.1-2005 'test method for interlaminar shear strength of fiber reinforced plastics' is further adopted to test the shear strength of the thermosetting resin material involved in the invention.

In order to illustrate the technological advances of the present invention, the following examples and comparative examples are further disclosed:

example 1

The embodiment discloses a method for forming a composite material cylindrical part, which is used for processing the composite material cylindrical part and comprises the following steps:

step 1: dip forming of heat-proof layer

Placing a core mould and a prefabricated body into a cylindrical cavity mould, introducing resin into the circular cavity mould, locking a cylindrical cavity mould main body and a cover plate in a bolt locking mode, fully soaking the prefabricated body by the resin in a vacuum impregnation mode, curing the resin for 24 hours by raising the temperature of the mould to 90 ℃ by a self-heating device and demoulding and processing to obtain the heat-insulating prevention layer, wherein the vacuum impregnation degree is not lower than 980 mbar. The core mold is a cylindrical mold nested in the cylindrical cavity mold, and a cylindrical heat insulation layer is formed in the area between the core mold and the cylindrical cavity mold.

Step 2: lay first transition buffer structure

Coating epoxy glue on the surface of the thermal-protective layer serving as a reference surface, paving and sticking 3 layers of glass fiber felts, paving and sticking 3 layers of glass fiber cloth, paving and sticking 3 layers of glass fiber felts, and spraying an adhesive between the paved layers to finish the paving of the first transition buffer structure.

And 3, step 3: vacuum introduction molding of inner side wall plate

Paving and pasting a prefabricated fiber framework of the inner side wall plate of the carbon fiber fabric on the outer side of the first transition buffer structure after the paving is finished, compacting for 1 time in vacuum by paving and pasting 3-5 layers of demolding cloth, an isolating film and a flow guide net in sequence, arranging a glue injection pipeline and a glue outlet pipeline, installing a glue injection port and a glue outlet, paving a vacuum bag film and vacuumizing to lock the vacuum bag film; and (3) conveying the inner side wall plate preform to heating equipment, setting the temperature of an oven to 130 ℃, heating the resin to 120 ℃, introducing the resin into the inner side wall plate preform, after glue injection is finished, heating the temperature of the oven to 150 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, heating the temperature of the oven to 180 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling the product along with the oven, and after demolding, polishing and cleaning the surface to obtain the inner side wall plate. The binder comprises: EH301 epoxy resin adhesive powder, a high-temperature resistant toughening agent and a high-temperature resistant diluent; the dosage and the mass ratio are as follows: 1: 0.31; can be used at 100 deg.C for a long time without aging. The resin selected for use in this step is EH301 epoxy resin. The fiber framework of the prefabricated body of the inner side wall plate is made of carbon fiber.

And 4, step 4: axial support structure forming

Step 4.1: casting the outer reinforcement structure 203 in the mold:

laying carbon fiber fabric prepreg on the mold sprayed with the release agent to serve as a panel 2031 of the external reinforcing structure 203; the carbon fiber fabric prepreg is soaked by thermosetting resin, so that the carbon fiber fabric is fully coated by the thermosetting resin, and the thermosetting resin is EH301 epoxy resin. In order to ensure the bonding tightness of the fiber prepreg and the uniform thickness of each layer of the fiber prepreg, 3 layers of the fiber prepreg are paved and compacted in vacuum for 1 time; the time is 15min, the negative pressure operation is gradually increased within the range of 600mbar to 980mbar after the operation is started, and the increasing rate is 10mbar/min.

Step 4.2: positioning the position of the internal filling structure 202 on the face plate 2031 by laser projection, and as shown in fig. 5, laying prepreg layer by layer on the foam shaped into a suitable shape as the reinforcing ribs 2032 of the external reinforcing structure 203; after the layer of prepreg is laid and attached, positioning by using a positioning tool, and performing pre-compaction treatment in a hot compaction mode, wherein the compaction temperature is 140 ℃, and the time is 50min; after all layers of prepreg are paved and adhered in sequence by the same method, demolding cloth, a pressure equalizing plate, a porous isolating film and an air felt are paved and adhered outside the outermost layer of prepreg in sequence and then are placed inside a vacuum bag with an air exhaust hole.

Step 4.3: transferring the vacuum bag and the axial support structure in the vacuum bag to an autoclave, vacuumizing the vacuum bag to negative pressure, and gradually increasing the vacuum bag within the range of 600-980 mbar after the negative pressure operation starts; increasing the rate to 5mbar/min, raising the temperature of the autoclave to 130 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, then raising the temperature of the autoclave to 170 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, and forming the pressure to 0.4MPa; during which the vacuum bag maintains a stable vacuum state; and cooling the crude product of the axial supporting structure along with a furnace, and trimming after demolding to obtain the axial supporting structure.

And 5: assembly inner side wall plate and axial support structure

Finishing the preset position fixed connection axial bearing structure of the leading-in inner side wall plate in step 3, roughening the outer surface of the inner side wall plate in an electric polishing mode, cleaning the outer surface of the inner side wall plate by using a cleaning agent acetone, laying a glue film to the preset position in a laser projection mode, placing the axial bearing structure on the glue film, positioning the axial bearing structure by using a glue joint tool, sequentially laying demoulding cloth, arranging an air-permeable felt, arranging an air suction opening and making a bag, transferring the assembly to a drying oven, raising the temperature of the drying oven to 150 ℃ for heat preservation for 3h, raising the temperature of the drying oven to 180 ℃ for heat preservation for 2h to solidify the glue film, and assembling the rest axial bearing structures in the same mode after demoulding. And after the assembly is finished, processing the glue accumulation area to obtain a cylindrical part with an axial supporting structure. The adhesive film is an adhesive film EH601 high-temperature-resistant structure adhesive film; the thickness of the adhesive film is 0.1mm, and the number of the adhesive film layers is 2.

Step 6: radial packing and radial support structure fixation

Brushing epoxy glue on the outer wall of the cylindrical part of the axial support structure prepared in the step 4 in the forming method of the cylindrical part of the axial support structure, and bonding the cut foam as a radial filling structure 4; further positioning a radial support structure on the outer wall of the radial filling structure 4, laying glass fiber prepreg between the radial support structure and the initial cylindrical part, laying demolding cloth, an isolation film and an air felt on the other side faces of the radial support structure in sequence, placing the radial support structure after laying and the initial cylindrical part in a vacuum bag and arranging an air exhaust port; the resin in the glass fiber prepreg is EH301 epoxy resin; and (3) insulating the vacuum bag and the initial cylindrical part at 150 ℃ for 3h, and further heating to 180 ℃ and insulating for 2h to cure the prepreg.

And 7: laying a second transition buffer structure

Paving and pasting 3 layers of glass fiber felts on the radial supporting structure which is installed in the step 6, paving and pasting 1 layer of glass fiber cloth, paving and pasting 3 layers of glass fiber felts, and finishing the paving of the second transition buffer structure.

And step 8: vacuum introduction molding of outer side wall plate

Paving and sticking an outer side wall plate prefabricated body fiber framework outside the second transition buffer structure after finishing paving, paving and sticking demolding cloth, an isolating film and 2 layers of flow guide nets every 3-5 layers of vacuum compaction 1 time, paving and sticking the demolding cloth, the isolating film and the flow guide nets in sequence, cutting off the round corners when paving and sticking the demolding cloth and the flow guide nets, performing lap joint treatment, placing conformal rubber at the round corners, and ensuring the quality of the round corners of the outer side wall plate; arranging a glue injection pipeline and a glue outlet pipeline, installing a glue injection port and a glue outlet, laying a vacuum bag film, vacuumizing to lock the vacuum bag film, conveying the outer side wall plate prefabricated body to heating equipment, setting the temperature of an oven to be 130 ℃, heating the resin to 110 ℃, introducing the resin into the outer side wall plate prefabricated body, after glue injection is finished, heating the temperature of the oven to 140 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, heating the temperature of the oven to 170 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling the product along with the oven, and polishing and cleaning the surface after demoulding to obtain the outer side wall plate. The glass fiber felt is in the form of chopped strand mat; the resin used in the step is EH301 epoxy resin. The prefabricated body fiber of the outer side wall plate is quartz fiber.

And step 9: and brushing three-proofing paint on the surface of the prepared cylindrical prefabricated part of the outer side wall plate to serve as an external coating.

Example 2

The embodiment discloses a composite material cylindrical part which is prepared by the forming method of the composite material cylindrical part.

As shown in fig. 1, the thermal insulation layer 1, the first transition buffer structure 8 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the thermal insulation layer 1, the inner side wall plate 3 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first transition buffer structure 8, the radial filling structure 4 fixed to the outer wall of the inner side wall plate 3, and the outer side wall plate 5 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the radial filling structure 4 are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.

Fig. 8 shows the appearance, visible, of a cylindrical piece, the external coating 7 being provided with an external coating body 701 and a projecting annular projection 702; a cross-sectional view 9a is obtained by cutting a section A1-A1 along the centerline of the annular protrusion 702; a cross-sectional view 9b is taken through a section A2-A2 at any point on the exterior coating body 701.

As shown in fig. 9a or 9b, the cylindrical article is further provided with: and the axial support structures 2 are positioned in the radial filling structure 4 and fixed on the outer wall of the inner

side wall plate

3, and 2 axial support structures 2 are arranged and distributed at intervals in the radial direction of the cylindrical part.

As shown in fig. 9a, the cylindrical article is further provided with: the radial support structure 6 is fixed on the outer wall of the radial filling structure 4, and the axial support structure 2 penetrates through the radial support structure 6; the radial support structures 6 are provided with 4 and are distributed at intervals in the axial direction of the cylindrical part; the axial support structure 2 is located inside the radial filling structure 4, and the outside is connected with the outer side wall plate 5, and the outer side wall plate 5 is fixedly connected with the rest side surface of the radial support structure 6.

The inner filling structure 202 inside the axial support structure 2 is surrounded by an outer reinforcing structure 203; each axial support structure 2 is provided with three fixedly connected circumferentially arranged identical units, each unit being provided with one internal filling structure 202.

In fig. 9a or 9B, a cross-sectional view of section B2-B2 is taken axially in the center of either axial support structure 2, fig. 10B; fig. 10a, a cross-sectional view of a section B1-B1, taken at any position of the non-axial support structure 2.

As shown in fig. 10a, there are provided in sequence from inside to outside: the heat insulation layer comprises an anti-heat insulation layer 1, an inner side wall plate 3, an axial support structure 2, a radial filling structure 4, an outer side wall plate 5 and an outer coating 7; the radial support structures 6 are axially spaced apart between the radial filling structure 4 and the outer sidewall plate 5.

As shown in fig. 10b, there are sequentially arranged from inside to outside: the heat insulation layer 1, the inner side wall plate 3, the axial support structure 2, the outer side wall plate 5 and the outer coating 7; the radial support structures 6 are axially spaced apart between the radial filling structure 4 and the outer sidewall plate 5.

Further, as shown in fig. 7, the first transition buffer structure 8 includes a first rigid connection layer 801, a first flexible support layer 802, and a second rigid connection layer 803 that are sequentially distributed from a high temperature region to a low temperature region; first rigid connection layer 801, first malleable support layer 802, and second rigid connection layer 803 are joined by an adhesive.

As shown in fig. 10a or fig. 10b, a second transition buffer structure 10 is provided between the outer sidewall plate 5 and the radial support structure 6 or the radial filling structure 4, the outer sidewall plate 5 and the radial support structure 6 are fixedly connected by the second transition buffer structure 10, and the outer sidewall plate 5 and the radial filling structure 4 are fixedly connected by the second transition buffer structure 10. As shown in fig. 15, the second transition buffer structure 10 includes a third rigid connection layer 1001, a second flexible support layer 1002, and a fourth rigid connection layer 1003, which are sequentially distributed from a high temperature region to a low temperature region; the third rigid connection layer 1001, the second malleable support layer 1002, and the fourth rigid connection layer 1003 are connected by an adhesive. Wherein the third rigid connecting layer 1001 is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the radial support structure 6 or the radial filling structure 4, and the fourth rigid connecting layer 1003 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the outer sidewall plate 5.

First rigid connecting layer 801, second rigid connecting layer 803, third rigid connecting layer 1001 and fourth rigid connecting layer 1003 may be glass fiber mats; selecting glass fiber mats with the fiber length of 12mm and better flow guide effect from the third rigid connecting layer 1001 and the fourth rigid connecting layer 1003; the first rigid connecting layer 801 and the second rigid connecting layer 803 are glass fiber felts with the fiber length of 10mm; chopped strands are selected as the glass fiber mats.

The first flexible support layer 802 and the second flexible support layer 1002 can be made of glass fiber cloth; the cloth is composed of grain cloth, twill cloth, and plain cloth, preferably twill cloth with good shear stretch resistance, preferably 190g/cm ³ Twill cloth.

The adhesive comprises: high-temperature-resistant epoxy glue powder, a high-temperature-resistant toughening agent and a high-temperature-resistant diluent; the high-temperature-resistant epoxy glue powder can be EH301 epoxy resin; the dosage and mass ratio of the high-temperature-resistant epoxy glue powder, the high-temperature-resistant toughening agent and the high-temperature-resistant diluent is as follows: 1:0.3:0.05, the high-temperature resistant toughening agent is a common alicyclic amine toughening agent, and the high-temperature resistant diluent is micromolecular alicyclic epoxy.

Preferably, the outer side wall panel 5 has a coefficient of expansion of 10.5 x 10 ^-6 m/DEG C, the coefficient of expansion of the material of the radial support structure 6 or the radial filling structure 4 is not more than 40 multiplied by 10 ^-6 m/DEG C; the expansion coefficient of the heat-proof and insulating layer 1 is 0.15 multiplied by 10 ^-6 m/DEG C, 3 materials of inner side wall plateThe coefficient of expansion of the material is 7.5 multiplied by 10 ^-6 m/℃。

The heat-proof and insulating layer 1 adopts the matrix resin of hybrid phenolic resin PF-45; the heat-proof layer adopts carbon fiber as reinforcing fiber. The heat-proof layer adopts a reinforcing material in the form of fabric laminated needling.

The radial filling structure 4, the radial supporting structure 6 and the internal filling structure 202 are made of high-temperature-resistant PEI (polyetherimide) foam sold in the market, and the porosity is 60%; the resin used for each part is shown in Table 1.

The heat conductivity coefficient of the prepared heat-proof and insulating layer 1 is tested by GB/T3139-2005 'test method for heat conductivity coefficient of fiber reinforced plastics'.

GB/T1450.1-2005 'test method for shearing strength between fiber reinforced plastic layers' is adopted to test the shearing strength of the inner side wall and the outer side wall, and the specific application is shown in Table 2.

Comparative example 1

The embodiment discloses a composite material cylindrical part and a forming method thereof, and is the same as the embodiment 1 except that the thermal insulation preventing layer resin in the embodiment 1 is changed from hybrid phenolic resin PF-45 to EH301 epoxy resin, and specific please refer to Table 1.

Comparative example 2

The embodiment discloses a composite material cylindrical part and a forming method thereof, and compared with the connecting structure of the inner side wall and the heat insulation preventing layer in the embodiment 1, the structure of glass fiber mat, glass fiber cloth and glass fiber mat is changed into the structure of glass fiber mat and glass fiber mat, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 1, and the specific application is shown in table 1.

Comparative example 3

The embodiment discloses a composite material cylindrical part and a forming method thereof, and is the same as the embodiment 1 except that no conformal rubber is arranged at the round corners of an outer side wall plate and a radial support structure during the forming processing of the outer side wall plate in the embodiment 1, and specific application is shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

Experimental group	Thermal conductivity/W/(mK)	Inner side wall shear strength/MPa	Shear strength/MPa of outer sidewall
				Example 1	0.066	60	70
Comparative example 1	0.078	-	-
				Comparative example 2	-	55	60

The thermal insulation layer in embodiment 1 of the invention adopts novel IPC resin, the surface can be ceramic at high temperature, the hardness is hard, and the thermal insulation layer has a uniform nano-pore structure and good thermal insulation performance; compared with the high-temperature resistant resin in the prior art, the heat insulation performance is greatly improved, and compared with the comparative example 1, the heat conductivity is reduced to 0.066W/(mK) from 0.078W/(mK), and is reduced by 15.4%.

Compared with the shear strength of the inner/outer side walls of the comparative example 2 without glass fiber cloth, the shear strength of the inner side wall is improved to 60MPa from 55MPa, the shear strength of the outer side wall is improved to 70MPa from 60MPa, and the shear strength is respectively improved by 9.09% and 16.6%.

Meanwhile, as can be seen from comparison between fig. 11 and fig. 12, after the joint of the inner side wall plate and the heat insulation preventing plate of the embodiment 1 is used for 1000 times by launching, the phenomena of obvious cracking and stress peeling still do not occur; whereas the inner side wall panel and heat-insulating panel joint of comparative example 2 exhibited significant cracking under the same conditions (as indicated by the circled area in fig. 12). The glass fiber cloth layer can generate certain creep deformation when being subjected to external force; the flexible structure of the glass fiber cloth greatly improves the stress difference and cracking caused by different expansion rates of the foam and the outer side wall plate when the temperature changes, and a good stress buffer layer is integrally formed; the glass fiber felts close to the radial filling structure and the outer side wall plate are respectively and fixedly connected tightly, so that the defect that the glass fiber cloth body is not strong in strength and easy to have insufficient anti-shearing capability is effectively overcome.

Meanwhile, as can be seen from a comparison between fig. 13 and fig. 14, example 1 of the present invention has better appearance and less glue deposition at the round corners of the radial support structure than comparative example 3 in which no following rubber is added, because the following rubber is added at the round corners of the outer sidewall plates and the radial support structure.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The composite material cylindrical part is characterized by comprising an anti-heat-insulation layer (1), a first transition buffer structure (8), an inner side wall plate (3), a radial filling structure (4) and an outer side wall plate (5) which are arranged from inside to outside in sequence;

the first transition buffer structure (8) is a multi-layer composite structure comprising a tough supporting layer, and the tough supporting layer can be matched with a heat insulation layer (1) and an inner side wall plate (3) with different thermal expansion coefficients.

2. The composite tubular article as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the insulating barrier (1) and the inner side wall panel (3) is 8 x 10 ^-6 m/℃～9×10 ^-6 m/℃。

3. The composite tubular article according to claim 1, characterized in that said first transition cushioning structure (8) comprises a first rigid connection layer (801), a first flexible support layer (802) and a second rigid connection layer (803) distributed in sequence from the high temperature region to the low temperature region.

4. A composite tubular article according to claim 3 characterized in that said first rigid connecting layer (801) is a fiberglass mat layer, said first flexible support layer (802) is a fiberglass cloth layer and said second rigid connecting layer (803) is a fiberglass mat layer.

5. The composite tubular article of claim 4 wherein said first rigid bonding layer (801) comprises 2-3 layers of fiberglass mat, said first flexible backing layer (802) comprises 1-3 layers of fiberglass cloth, and said second rigid bonding layer (803) comprises 2-3 layers of fiberglass mat.

6. The composite tubular article of claim 5 wherein said glass fiber mat has a fiber length of from 2mm to 10mm; the glass fiber mat is chopped strands; the glass fiber cloth is as follows: any one of a grain cloth, an twill cloth and a plain cloth; the density of the glass fiber cloth is 170g/cm ³ ～220g/cm ³ Twill cloth.

7. A composite tubular article as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the insulation barrier (1) is of fibre reinforced resin matrix construction.

8. The composite tubular article of claim 7 wherein the matrix resin of the fiber reinforced resin matrix structure is one or more of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, arylacetylene resin, or modified resins of phenolic resin, silicone resin, silicon-containing aryne resin, and arylacetylene resin.

9. The composite tubular article of claim 8 wherein the matrix resin of the fiber reinforced resin matrix structure is an interpenetrated phase composite modified phenolic resin.

10. A method of forming a composite tubular article for use in processing a composite tubular article as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

step 1, dip forming of the thermal insulation layer:

step 2, laying a first transition buffer structure:

laying each layer of material of the first transition buffer structure layer by taking the outer surface of the heat-proof layer as a datum plane;

step 3, vacuum introduction and forming of the inner side wall plate:

step 4, forming an axial supporting structure:

step 5, assembling the inner side wall plate and the axial support structure:

step 7, forming an outer side wall plate:

and preparing the outer side wall plate by adopting a vacuum introduction process outside the cylindrical part preform with the radial filling structure and the radial supporting structure.