CN115587509A - Method and device for rapidly calculating leakage magnetic field of any defect and storage device - Google Patents
Method and device for rapidly calculating leakage magnetic field of any defect and storage device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115587509A CN115587509A CN202211137263.8A CN202211137263A CN115587509A CN 115587509 A CN115587509 A CN 115587509A CN 202211137263 A CN202211137263 A CN 202211137263A CN 115587509 A CN115587509 A CN 115587509A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, equipment and storage equipment for rapidly calculating any defect leakage magnetic field, wherein the method comprises the following steps: establishing a detection model based on an actual detection system, wherein the model comprises a magnetizer, an object to be detected and a detection magnetic field sensor, and the object to be detected contains any shape defect; carrying out grid division on the object to be detected to obtain a series of unit bodies of the object to be detected after grid division; setting magnetization parameters of the magnetizer based on the detection model; calculating the magnetic charge density values at all nodes of the series unit bodies of the object to be detected according to the detection model and the magnetizer parameters; and calculating the leakage magnetic field of the detection area of the object to be detected according to the magnetic charge density values of all nodes of the series units of the object to be detected and the detection model. The method is suitable for calculating the leakage magnetic field of any defect with a complex shape, is high in speed and low in cost, and has remarkable advantages in the calculation method of the sample data of the leakage magnetic detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of magnetic field detection, in particular to a method, equipment and storage equipment for quickly calculating any defect leakage magnetic field.
Background
The leakage detection technique is based on the leakage magnetic field phenomenon. The leakage magnetic field phenomenon is that after a member made of a ferromagnetic material is magnetized, since the permeability of the ferromagnetic material is far higher than that of air, if the member has a defect at a certain position, the continuity of the material is broken by the presence of the defect, in this case, the magnetic lines of force in the magnetic path are changed to a certain extent, a small portion of the magnetic lines of force leaks from the defect of the member to be measured into the air near the defect, and a leakage magnetic field is formed at the position. The technology has the advantages of simple principle, easy application to practical engineering, low requirement on the surface cleanliness of the tested test piece and the like, plays an important role in the field of nondestructive testing, and is widely applied; the method is a pipeline internal detection technology which is mature in technical development and most commonly applied in industry at present, and is often used for defect detection of key structures such as long-distance oil and gas pipelines.
Through the magnetic leakage detection technology, shape analysis, size analysis, position analysis, quantitative statistics and the like can be performed on various defects existing in the pipeline in a targeted mode. When detection data are analyzed, corresponding leakage magnetic field distribution needs to be calculated according to a defect model, and the existing calculation methods mainly comprise a magnetic dipole model and a finite element method, wherein the magnetic dipole model is simple in calculation and high in calculation speed, but the magnetic dipole model has the fatal defect that leakage magnetic field signals of any defect model cannot be calculated, and the finite element method is high in calculation capacity, but the method is complex in modeling and calculation processes and high in calculation cost, so that the method cannot be applied to actual engineering. At present, no method capable of calculating the defects in any shape and efficiently obtaining a calculation result exists in the technical field.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: how to provide an algorithm capable of rapidly calculating a leakage magnetic field signal with any defect so as to solve the problems that the calculation cannot be carried out and the calculation cost is high in the existing calculation method.
The invention provides a method for quickly calculating any defect leakage magnetic field, which comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a detection model based on an actual detection system, wherein the model comprises a magnetizer, an object to be detected and a detection magnetic field sensor, and the object to be detected contains any shape defects;
s2, carrying out grid division on the object to be detected to obtain a series of unit bodies of the object to be detected after grid division;
s3, setting magnetization parameters of the magnetizer based on the detection model;
s4, calculating the magnetic charge density values of all nodes of the series units of the object to be detected according to the detection model and the magnetizer parameters;
and S5, calculating the leakage magnetic field of the detection area of the object to be detected according to the magnetic charge density values of all nodes of the series units of the object to be detected and the detection model.
A storage device stores instructions and data for implementing a method for fast calculation of an arbitrary defect leakage magnetic field.
A fast computing device of arbitrary flaw leakage fields, comprising: a processor and the storage device; and the processor loads and executes the instructions and the data in the storage device to realize a method for quickly calculating any defect leakage magnetic field.
The beneficial effects provided by the invention are as follows: the method solves the problems that the existing leakage magnetic field calculation method cannot calculate and has high calculation cost, so that the calculation cost is low, and the method can be used for any defect model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the results of three calculation methods according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the hardware device in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
A method for rapidly calculating any defect leakage magnetic field comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a detection model based on an actual detection system, wherein the model comprises a magnetizer, an object to be detected and a detection magnetic field sensor, and the object to be detected contains any shape defects;
the defect model of the invention is a defect model with any shape; such as a pipe leak model or other weld defect model;
the mode of obtaining the model is that a defect model can be directly obtained through commercial finite element calculation software; for example, COMSOL, ABAQUS, ANSYS, etc., may all complete modeling and partition the models, or may first use CAD-type software to establish models, such as SOLIDWORKS, 3DMAX, etc., and then import the defect models into the commercial finite element computing software, or may partition the defect models into meshes by partitioning mesh-dedicated software, such as HyperMesh, etc.; as another mode, the source code can be divided into the defect mode grid by self for adaptive modification according to the actual requirement of the defect mode grid;
the object to be detected is generally the area scanned by the detection probe around the defect; and the detection magnetic field sensor is used for measuring the magnetic flux density in the space;
s2, carrying out grid division on the object to be detected to obtain a series of unit bodies of the object to be detected after grid division;
in the embodiment of the present invention, the series unit body is a tetrahedral unit; in some other embodiments, more different partitions can be performed according to actual situations;
the series unit body comprises a plurality of nodes; each node is provided with node coordinate data and node number data;
s3, setting magnetization parameters of the magnetizer based on the detection model;
it should be noted that, after the model data is introduced, since the magnetizer is in a moving state during the magnetic flux leakage detection process, the position of the magnetization magnetic field is changed in the program calculation in order to simulate the moving process, and therefore, the magnetization magnetic field needs to be adjusted before each calculation.
The parameters of the magnetizer comprise the size of the end surface of the exciting body, the surface magnetic charge density and the position parameters; the size of the end face of the magnet and the surface magnetic charge density are determined by the excitation body, and are fixed values; the position parameter is a change value and is adjusted in real time in the scanning process;
s4, calculating the magnetic charge density values of all nodes of the series unit bodies of the object to be detected according to the detection model and the magnetizer parameters;
it should be noted that, before the magnetic charge density value at the node is obtained, the external magnetic field strength at the centroid of the corresponding tetrahedral unit is obtained according to the parameters of the magnetizer;
in the calculation, the exciter is used as a magnetization source, and the surface magnetic charges distributed on the magnetization end surface (i.e., the contact surface between the exciter and the object) are used to equalize the magnetization source, thereby calculating the magnetic field intensity generated by the unit cells of the object.
Let the center coordinates of each unit of the contact surface be (x, y, 0), and the length of the contact surface parallel to the y axis be 2L y The length of the side parallel to the x-axis is 2L x Distributed over it with a surface magnetic charge density of sigma s 。
The contact surface is mostly rectangular, but is not limited to rectangular. Taking a rectangle as an example, the contact surface distributes magnetic charges on the coordinates (x) of any field point of the object to be detected f ,y f ,z f ) Three-axis component H of the magnetic field intensity generated at xf 、H yf 、H zf Respectively as follows:
it should be noted that, the next step is to perform node calculation, obtain data information of an uncalculated node, calculate the magnetization magnetic field strength at the centroid of the node, form a control equation of the node and perform solution to obtain the magnetic charge amount contributed by the unit on the node, and obtain data information of the next unit after one node is calculated to continue calculation until all nodes complete one calculation.
The specific calculation formula for solving the magnetic charge density value at the node is as follows:
wherein χ is the magnetic susceptibility. r is a radical of hydrogen ij (i =1,2, 4, j = x, y, z) is a j-axis component of the distance from each node i to the centroid of the corresponding unit body, and is calculated by node coordinate data and unit centroid coordinate data; h xf 、H xf 、H xf The components of the x, y and z axes of the external magnetic field intensity at the centroid of the unit are respectively obtained by calculation of a formula (1); arbitrary field point (x) of object to be measured f ,y f ,z f ) The magnetic charge at each node is { q } 1f 、q 2f 、q 3f 、q 4f The final solution quantity is obtained;
the governing equation is a linear system of equations, where { q } 1f 、q 2f 、q 3f 、q 4f The linear equation set is solved to obtain the magnetic charge quantity of each node, and the solving method can adopt Gaussian elimination, LU decomposition, jacobi iteration and other methods in the mathematical field to carry out programming solving.
And S5, calculating the leakage magnetic field of the detection area of the object to be detected according to the magnetic charge density values of all nodes of the series units of the object to be detected and the detection model.
And calculating the distribution of the leakage magnetic field according to the magnetic charge density values at all nodes, wherein the calculation formula is the basic theory of the magnetic charge method.
The step S5 specifically comprises the following steps: from the magnetic charge q of each node at all field points 1f 、q 2f 、q 3f 、q 4f Calculating to obtain the distribution of the leakage magnetic field of any field point of the area to be detected above the object to be detected;
if the number of the series unit field points of the object to be inspected is n, and each field point has m nodes, then the arbitrary field point (x) of the area to be inspected is determined k ,y k ,z k ) Leakage magnetic field B kj (k =1,2,3 8230; j = x, y, z) is:
wherein B is kj For the leakage magnetic field at any field point in the region to be examined of the object to be examined, q i The amount of magnetic charge (i = n × m), r, at the ith node of the object to be examined i Distance from the ith node to the site, l i A vector pointing to a site for the ith node.
As an embodiment, the invention uses a three-dimensional rectangular defect model with the length, width and height of 5mm, 4mm and 4mm respectively, and the end face size of the excitation body is as follows: the length is 100mm, the width is 20mm, and the magnetic charge density is 100Wb/mm 2 For example, the description will be made.
A three-dimensional rectangular model with the length, width and height of 5mm, 4mm and 4mm is directly established in commercial finite element software COMSOL, and grids are divided into tetrahedral units to export grid data. And meanwhile, establishing a magnetic flux leakage detection model corresponding to the defects in the COMSOL to perform finite element calculation, and obtaining a calculation result of a finite element method.
According to the calculation formula and the calculation flow self-writing program, any programming language can be adopted, the grid data is led into the self-writing program for calculation, and the calculation result of the method can be obtained. Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating calculation results of three calculation methods according to an embodiment of the present invention; comparing this result with the existing magnetic dipole model calculation result and the finite element method calculation result of COMSOL calculation can demonstrate the effectiveness of the present invention. The comparative results are as follows:
TABLE 1 root mean square error between the calculated results of the present invention and the existing methods
| Method | Bx | By | Bz |
| Finite element method | 1.86％ | 2.34％ | 1.63％ |
| Magnetic dipole model | 0.15％ | 0.28％ | 0.16％ |
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hardware device according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the hardware device specifically includes: a fast computing device 401 of any defected leakage magnetic field, a processor 402 and a storage device 403.
A fast computing device 401 of arbitrary flaw leakage fields: the one a device 401 implements the one a method.
The processor 402: the processor 402 loads and executes the instructions and data in the storage device 403 to implement the method for fast calculation of any leakage magnetic field of defects.
The storage device 403: the storage device 403 stores instructions and data; the storage device 403 is used to implement the method for fast calculating the leakage magnetic field of any defect.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method solves the problems that the existing leakage magnetic field calculation method cannot calculate and has high calculation cost, so that the calculation cost is low, and the method can be used for any defect model.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for rapidly calculating any defect leakage magnetic field is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a detection model based on an actual detection system, wherein the model comprises a magnetizer, an object to be detected and a detection magnetic field sensor, and the object to be detected contains any shape defects;
s2, carrying out grid division on the object to be detected to obtain a series of unit bodies of the object to be detected after grid division; the series unit body comprises a plurality of nodes; each node is provided with node coordinate data and node number data;
s3, setting magnetization parameters of the magnetizer based on the detection model;
s4, calculating the magnetic charge density values of all nodes of the series unit bodies of the object to be detected according to the detection model and the magnetizer parameters;
and S5, calculating the leakage magnetic field of the detection area of the object to be detected according to the magnetic charge density values of all nodes of the series units of the object to be detected and the detection model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the parameters of the magnetizer comprise the size of the end surface of the exciting magnet, the surface magnetic charge density and the position parameters; the size of the end face of the magnet and the surface magnetic charge density are determined by the exciter body in the magnetizer and are fixed values; the position parameter is a variation value and is adjusted in real time in the scanning process.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step S4, firstly, the external magnetic field intensity at the centroid of the serial unit bodies of the object to be detected is obtained according to the parameters of the magnetizer;
arbitrary field point coordinate (x) at centroid of unit body of object to be inspected f ,y f ,z f ) Three-axis component H of the generated magnetic field strength xf 、H yf 、H zf Respectively as follows:
wherein, the central coordinates of each unit of the contact surface of the object to be detected and the exciter are (x, y, 0), and the length of the contact surface parallel to the y axis is 2L y The length of the side parallel to the x-axis is 2L x Distributed thereon with a surface magnetic charge density of sigma s 。
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific calculation formula for solving the magnetic charge density value at the unit node of the series of the object to be detected in the step S4 is as follows:
wherein χ is magnetic susceptibility. r is ij (i =1,2,3,4, j = x, y, z) is a j-axis component of the distance from each node i to the centroid of the corresponding unit body, and is calculated by node coordinate data and unit centroid coordinate data; h xf 、H xf 、H xf The components of the x, y and z axes of the external magnetic field intensity at the centroid of the unit are respectively obtained by calculation of a formula (1);
arbitrary field point (x) of object to be measured f ,y f ,z f ) The magnetic charge at each node is q 1f 、q 2f 、q 3f 、q 4f And f, obtaining a final solution quantity.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S5 specifically comprises the following steps: from the magnetic charge q of each node at all field points 1f 、q 2f 、q 3f 、q 4f Calculating to obtain the leakage magnetic field distribution of any field point of the region to be inspected above the object to be inspected;
if the number of the series unit field points of the object to be inspected is n, and each field point has m nodes, then the arbitrary field point (x) of the area to be inspected is determined k ,y k ,z k ) Leakage magnetic field B kj (k =1,2,3 8230; j = x, y, z) is:
wherein B is kj For the leakage magnetic field at any field point in the region to be examined of the object to be examined, q i For the magnetic charge quantity on the ith node of the object to be detected, i = n × m, r i Distance from the ith node to the site, l i A vector pointing to a site for the ith node.
6. A storage device, characterized by: the storage device stores instructions and data for implementing the method for rapidly calculating any of the leakage magnetic fields of defects as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5.
7. A method and a device for rapidly calculating any defect leakage magnetic field are characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: a processor and a storage device; the processor loads and executes instructions and data in the storage device to realize the method for rapidly calculating the leakage magnetic field of any defect as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
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