CN115585392A - Normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system for small distributed power generation - Google Patents

Normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system for small distributed power generation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115585392A
CN115585392A CN202211272382.4A CN202211272382A CN115585392A CN 115585392 A CN115585392 A CN 115585392A CN 202211272382 A CN202211272382 A CN 202211272382A CN 115585392 A CN115585392 A CN 115585392A
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hydrogen
hydrogen storage
normal
water
temperature solid
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Inventor
邹建新
陆洋
林羲
冯毅
周宇
康映龙
孟云雷
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Shanghai Aerospace Energy Co ltd
Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Shanghai Aerospace Energy Co ltd
Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Priority to CN202211272382.4A priority Critical patent/CN115585392A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
    • F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/005—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/0126—One vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0304—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using an electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0316—Water heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0348—Water cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0615—Mass or weight of the content of the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0689—Methods for controlling or regulating
    • F17C2250/0694—Methods for controlling or regulating with calculations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention discloses a normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system for small distributed power generation, which comprises a normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem, a water circulation subsystem and a hydrogen pipeline subsystem, wherein the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem comprises a normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen valve, a hydrogen storage temperature sensor and an electric heating device, the water circulation subsystem comprises a water refrigerating machine, a solar water heater, a water circulating pump and a circulating water temperature sensor, the hydrogen pipeline subsystem comprises a mass flow controller, a first pressure reducing valve, a second pressure reducing valve, an emergency hydrogen discharge valve, a safety valve and a pressure transmitter, the water circulating pump can switchably provide circulating cold water or circulating hot water to the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device through the water refrigerating machine or the solar water heater, and the hydrogen pipeline subsystem can switchably carry out a hydrogen absorption process or a hydrogen discharge process. The normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system is suitable for a small distributed power generation application scene with relatively stable hydrogen absorption and desorption flow, and has the advantages of high density, simple structure, low cost, high safety and the like.

Description

Normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system for small distributed power generation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell systems, in particular to a normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system for small distributed power generation.
Background
The hydrogen energy is an important way for realizing carbon peak carbon neutralization in China, and the storage and supply of the hydrogen are key bottlenecks for limiting the application of the hydrogen energy industry. The current hydrogen storage mode mainly comprises high-pressure hydrogen, liquid hydrogen and solid hydrogen. However, both high-pressure gas hydrogen and liquid hydrogen have the defects of high safety risk, low volume hydrogen storage density, high pressurization/liquefaction energy consumption and the like, and the liquid hydrogen simultaneously has the problems of easy volatilization and difficult long-term storage, so that the popularization of the high-pressure gas hydrogen and the liquid hydrogen is limited. Solid-state hydrogen storage is a hydrogen storage technology based on solid-state hydrogen storage materials, has the advantages of high volume hydrogen storage density, moderate working temperature and pressure, long-term hydrogen storage, high safety and the like, is considered to be one of the main ways of hydrogen storage in the future, and is particularly suitable for the fields of distributed power generation, vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage and the like. However, since the solid hydrogen storage material absorbs hydrogen, releases heat and absorbs hydrogen, it needs to be cooled externally when absorbing hydrogen, and needs to be supplied with heat externally when releasing hydrogen, so as to realize the rapid and controllable hydrogen absorption and release of the hydrogen storage material. In order to reduce the comprehensive energy consumption of the hydrogen storage system, photo-thermal equipment can be adopted to assist in providing heat required by hydrogen discharge. In addition, how to measure the hydrogen absorption and desorption of the solid-state hydrogen storage system is also a premise that the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage system is applied to the field of distributed power generation.
Therefore, those skilled in the art are dedicated to develop a normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage and supply system for small-scale distributed power generation, so as to realize rapid, low-energy-consumption and controllable hydrogen absorption and desorption of the solid-state hydrogen storage system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to develop a normal temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system for small distributed power generation, so as to realize controllable low energy consumption hydrogen absorption and desorption of the normal temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system for small distributed power generation, which comprises a normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem, a water circulation subsystem and a hydrogen pipeline subsystem, wherein the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem comprises a normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen valve, a hydrogen storage temperature sensor and an electric heating device, the water circulation subsystem comprises a water refrigerator, a solar water heater, a water circulation pump and a circulating water temperature sensor, the hydrogen pipeline subsystem comprises a mass flow controller, a first pressure reducing valve, a second pressure reducing valve, an emergency hydrogen discharge valve, a safety valve and a pressure transmitter, the hydrogen storage temperature sensor is connected to the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device, the electric heating device is arranged in the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device, the water circulating pump can switchably provide circulating cold water or circulating hot water to the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device through the water refrigerator or the solar water heater, the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device is connected with a hydrogen main pipe of the hydrogen pipeline subsystem through the hydrogen valve, the hydrogen main pipe is connected to the pressure transmitter and is connected in parallel to a hydrogen discharge port through the emergency hydrogen discharge valve and the safety valve, the hydrogen pipeline subsystem can switchably enter hydrogen in the hydrogen filling equipment into the hydrogen main pipe through the first pressure reducing valve and the mass flow controller and is filled into the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device through the hydrogen valve, namely, a hydrogen absorption process is obtained, or hydrogen stored in the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device enters the hydrogen main pipe through the hydrogen valve and is sent to the hydrogen supply equipment through the mass flow controller and the second pressure reducing valve, namely, the hydrogen discharge process is obtained.
Furthermore, the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device is formed by connecting one or more hydrogen storage tank monomers in parallel, and one or more of rare earth series, titanium series and vanadium series hydrogen storage alloy materials are filled in the hydrogen storage tank monomers.
Further, the water refrigerator adopts power consumption for refrigeration.
Further, the rated refrigerating power of the water refrigerating machine is not lower than 0.0134F, wherein F is the rated hydrogen absorption rate of the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device, the unit of the rated refrigerating power of the water refrigerating machine is kW, and the unit of the rated hydrogen absorption rate of the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device is NL/min.
Further, the hydrogen absorption process of the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage and supply system comprises the following steps:
step 10, if the ambient temperature reaches the starting temperature of the circulating cold water, starting the water refrigerating machine and the water circulating pump to enable the circulating cold water to circularly flow along the water refrigerating machine, the water circulating pump and the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device so as to start the circulating cold water to assist in cooling the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device;
step 11, setting the decompression pressure of the first decompression valve and the control flow of the mass flow controller;
step 12, starting hydrogen absorption, so that hydrogen flows into the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device along the first pressure reducing valve, the mass flow controller and the hydrogen valve in sequence;
step 13, determining the residual hydrogen amount of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device after time integration through the instantaneous flow value of the mass flow controller;
the hydrogen discharge process of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system comprises the following steps:
step 20, starting the electric heating device in the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device, and heating the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device to a hydrogen discharge temperature; if the temperature of water in the solar water heater reaches the starting temperature of circulating hot water, starting the water circulating pump to enable the circulating hot water to circularly flow along the solar water heater, the water circulating pump and the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device so as to start the circulating hot water to assist in heating the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device; if the temperature of the water in the solar water heater does not reach the starting temperature of the circulating hot water, the circulating hot water is not started;
step 21, setting the decompression pressure of the second decompression valve and the control flow of the mass flow controller;
step 22, starting hydrogen discharge, so that hydrogen flows out of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device along the hydrogen valve, the mass flow controller and the second pressure reducing valve in sequence;
and step 23, determining the residual hydrogen amount of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device after integrating time according to the instantaneous flow value of the mass flow controller.
Further, the residual hydrogen amount m of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device H2 Calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003895240240000021
wherein m is 0 Is the initial hydrogen storage capacity; v is instantaneous flow, the unit is NL/min, the hydrogen absorption process is a positive value, and the hydrogen desorption process is a negative value; n is the number of hydrogen absorption/desorption times in a hydrogen absorption/desorption cycle; t is hydrogen absorption/hydrogen desorption time with the unit of s; m is a unit of H2 、m 0 The unit is g.
Furthermore, the starting temperature of the circulating cold water is not lower than 20 ℃, the refrigerating temperature of the water refrigerating machine is 5-20 ℃ during hydrogen absorption, the starting temperature of the circulating hot water is not lower than 45 ℃, and the heating temperature of the electric heating device is 45-85 ℃ during hydrogen discharge.
Further, in the hydrogen absorption process of the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage and supply system, the decompression pressure of the first decompression valve is set to be 0.7-1.6 MPa.
Further, in the hydrogen discharge process of the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage and supply system, the pressure reduction pressure of the second pressure reduction valve is set to be 0.1-0.5 MPa.
Further, the water circulation subsystem also comprises a water inlet valve and a water outlet valve, and the water circulation subsystem periodically supplements inflow circulating water through the water inlet valve and flows out of the circulating water from the water outlet valve.
The normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system is suitable for a small distributed power generation application scene with relatively stable hydrogen absorption and desorption flow, and has the advantages of high density, simple structure, low cost, high safety and the like.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of an ambient temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic process flow diagram of an ambient temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention (the same parts as those in fig. 1 are not shown).
The system comprises a normal temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1, a hydrogen valve 2, a hydrogen storage temperature sensor 3, an electric heating device 4, a mass flow controller 5, a first pressure reducing valve 6, a second pressure reducing valve 7, an emergency hydrogen discharge valve 8, a safety valve 9, a third power valve 10, a fourth power valve 11, a seventh power valve 12, an eighth power valve 13, a pressure transmitter 14, a water refrigerator 15, a solar water heater 16, a water circulating pump 17, a fifth power valve 18, a first power valve 19, a sixth power valve 20, a second power valve 21, a water inlet valve 22, a first water outlet valve 23, a second water outlet valve 24, a circulating water temperature sensor 25, a first normal temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1.1, a second normal temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1.2, a first hydrogen storage tank 2.1, a first hydrogen valve 2, a second hydrogen, a hydrogen storage tank 3.1, a first hydrogen temperature sensor 3.2, a second temperature sensor 4.1, a second electric heating device 4, a heating subsystem 4, a second electric heating subsystem 1, a circulating water subsystem 3.1, a first hydrogen storage subsystem 2, a second hydrogen storage subsystem 3.2, a first hydrogen storage subsystem 3.1, a second hydrogen storage subsystem and a heating subsystem 2.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be made clear and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
In the drawings, structurally identical elements are represented by like reference numerals, and structurally or functionally similar elements are represented by like reference numerals throughout the several views. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated, and the present invention is not limited to the size and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components may be exaggerated where appropriate in the figures to improve clarity.
The invention provides a normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system for small distributed power generation. The heat released by hydrogen absorption of the hydrogen storage material is cooled by circulating cold water in the hydrogen absorption process, the heat required by hydrogen release of the hydrogen storage material is provided by the electric heating device and circulating hot water in the hydrogen release process, and the hydrogen storage quantity is controlled and accumulated by the mass flow controller to calculate the hydrogen storage quantity, so that the high-efficiency and rapid hydrogen absorption and release of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system are realized.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, this example uses La-Mg-Ni alloy as hydrogen storage material, and about 195kg of the alloy is loaded in an ambient temperature solid state hydrogen storage tank 1 to constitute an ambient temperature solid state hydrogen storage subsystem A1. The normal temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1 is provided with a hydrogen storage temperature sensor 3 and a hydrogen valve 2, and the electric heating device 4 is an electric heating rod with 1.5 kW. The normal temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem A1 is connected with the water circulation subsystem A2 and the hydrogen pipeline subsystem A3. The power of a water refrigerating machine 15 of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system is 1kW, and the water volume of a solar water heater 16 is 200L. When the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage subsystem A1 is operated, circulating water is periodically supplemented every 2 months, the circulating water flows into the water circulation subsystem A2 through the water inlet valve 22, and flows out of the water circulation subsystem A2 from the first water outlet valve 23 and the second water outlet valve 24.
The hydrogen absorption step in this example was:
s0: if the environmental temperature is more than or equal to the starting temperature of the circulating cold water by 20 ℃, starting the circulating cold water to be cooled to 15 ℃ for auxiliary cooling of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1, and starting the water refrigerator 15 and the water circulating pump 17 to enable the circulating cold water to circularly flow along the first power valve 19, the water refrigerator 15, the second power valve 21, the water circulating pump 17 and the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1;
s1: the decompression pressure of the first decompression valve 6 is set to be 1.2MPa, and the control flow of the mass flow controller 5 is set to be 17L/min;
s2: hydrogen absorption is started, so that hydrogen flows into the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1 through the hydrogen valve 2 along the first pressure reducing valve 6, the third power valve 10, the mass flow controller 5 and the fourth power valve 11 in sequence;
s3: the residual hydrogen amount of the normal temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1 is determined by integrating the time with the instantaneous flow value of the mass flow controller 5.
The hydrogen discharge step in this embodiment is:
s0: starting an electric heating device 4 in the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1, and heating the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1 to a hydrogen discharge temperature of 60 ℃; if the temperature of the water in the solar water heater 16 is more than or equal to the starting temperature of the circulating hot water of 50 ℃, starting the circulating hot water to assist in heating the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1, and starting the water circulating pump 17 to enable the circulating hot water to circularly flow along the fifth power valve 18, the solar water heater 16, the sixth power valve 20, the water circulating pump 17 and the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1; if the water temperature in the solar water heater 16 is lower than the starting temperature of the circulating hot water by 50 ℃, the circulating hot water is not started;
s1: setting the decompression pressure of the second decompression valve 7 to be 0.45MPa and the control flow of the mass flow controller 5 to be 37L/min;
s2: hydrogen discharge is started, so that hydrogen flows out of the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1 along the hydrogen valve 2, the seventh power valve 12, the mass flow controller 5, the eighth power valve 13 and the second pressure reducing valve 7 in sequence;
s4: the residual hydrogen amount of the normal temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1 is determined by integrating the time with the instantaneous flow value of the mass flow controller 5.
Residual hydrogen amount m of normal temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1 H2 (unit g) is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003895240240000051
wherein m is 0 The initial hydrogen storage amount (unit g), v the instantaneous flow rate (unit NL/min), the hydrogen absorption process is a positive value, the hydrogen desorption process is a negative value, n the hydrogen absorption/desorption times in a hydrogen absorption/desorption cycle, and t the hydrogen absorption/desorption time (unit s).
The first power valve 19, the second power valve 21, the third power valve 10, the fourth power valve 11, the fifth power valve 18, the sixth power valve 20, the seventh power valve 12 and the eighth power valve 13 can be driven by electric actuators or pneumatic actuators.
A pressure transmitter 14 is arranged on the hydrogen main pipe between the hydrogen pipeline subsystem A3 and the normal temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem A1. A circulating water temperature sensor 25 is provided on an inlet pipe of the water circulating pump 17.
An emergency hydrogen discharge valve 8 and a safety valve 9 which are connected to a hydrogen discharge port in parallel are also arranged on a hydrogen main pipe between the hydrogen pipeline subsystem A3 and the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem A1.
Example 2
In this embodiment, la-Mg-Ni alloy is used as hydrogen storage material, and about 195kg of the alloy is uniformly filled in the first normal temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1.1 and the second normal temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1.2, respectively, to form a normal temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem A1, as shown in fig. 2. First normal atmospheric temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1.1 and second normal atmospheric temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1.2 are parallelly connected, install first hydrogen storage temperature sensor 3.1, second hydrogen storage temperature sensor 3.2 and first hydrogen valve 2.1, second hydrogen valve 2.2 respectively, and first electric heater unit 4.1 and second electric heater unit 4.2 are 1.5 kW's electrical heating rod. The normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage subsystem A1 based on fig. 2 is connected with the water circulation subsystem A2 and the hydrogen pipeline subsystem A3 in fig. 1. The power of the water refrigerator 15 of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system is 1kW, and the water volume of the solar water heater 16 is 200L. When the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage subsystem A1 is operated, circulating water is periodically supplemented every 2 months, the circulating water flows into the water circulation subsystem A2 through the water inlet valve 22, and flows out of the water circulation subsystem A2 from the first water outlet valve 23 and the second water outlet valve 24.
The hydrogen absorption step in this example was:
s0: if the environmental temperature is more than or equal to the starting temperature of the circulating cold water by 20 ℃, the circulating cold water is started to be cooled to 15 ℃ for auxiliary cooling of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem A1, and the water refrigerator 15 and the water circulating pump 17 are started, so that the circulating cold water circularly flows along the first power valve 19, the water refrigerator 15, the second power valve 21, the water circulating pump 17, the first normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1.1 and the second normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage tank 1.2;
s1: the decompression pressure of the first decompression valve 6 is set to be 1.2MPa, and the control flow of the mass flow controller 5 is set to be 17L/min;
s2: hydrogen absorption is started, so that hydrogen flows into the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem A1 sequentially along the first pressure reducing valve 6, the third power valve 10, the mass flow controller 5 and the fourth power valve 11 through the first hydrogen valve 2.1 and the second hydrogen valve 2.2;
s3: and the residual hydrogen amount of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem A1 is determined after time integration is carried out through the instantaneous flow value of the mass flow controller 5.
The hydrogen discharge step in this embodiment is:
s0: starting a first electric heating device 4.1 and a second electric heating device 4.2 in a first normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1.1 and a second normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1.2, and heating the first normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1.1 and the second normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1.2 to a hydrogen discharge temperature of 60 ℃; if the temperature of water in the solar water heater 16 is more than or equal to the starting temperature of circulating hot water of 50 ℃, starting the circulating hot water to assist in heating the first normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1.1 and the second normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1.2, and starting the water circulating pump 17, so that the circulating hot water circularly flows along the fifth power valve 18, the solar water heater 16, the sixth power valve 20, the water circulating pump 17, the first normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1.1 and the second normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1.2; if the water temperature in the solar water heater 16 is lower than the starting temperature of the circulating hot water by 50 ℃, the circulating hot water is not started;
s1: the decompression pressure of the second decompression valve 7 is set to be 0.45MPa, and the control flow of the mass flow controller 5 is set to be 37L/min;
s2: hydrogen discharge is started, so that hydrogen flows out of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem A1 along the first hydrogen valve 2.1, the second hydrogen valve 2.2, the seventh power valve 12, the mass flow controller 5, the eighth power valve 13 and the second pressure reducing valve 7 in sequence;
s4: and the residual hydrogen amount of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem A1 is determined after time integration is carried out through the instantaneous flow value of the mass flow controller 5.
Residual hydrogen amount m of normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system A1 H2 (unit g) is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003895240240000061
wherein m is 0 The initial hydrogen storage amount (unit g), v the instantaneous flow rate (unit NL/min), the hydrogen absorption process is a positive value, the hydrogen desorption process is a negative value, n the hydrogen absorption/desorption times in a hydrogen absorption/desorption cycle, and t the hydrogen absorption/desorption time (unit s).
The first power valve 19, the second power valve 21, the third power valve 10, the fourth power valve 11, the fifth power valve 18, the sixth power valve 20, the seventh power valve 12 and the eighth power valve 13 can be driven by electric actuators or pneumatic actuators.
A pressure transmitter 14 is arranged on the hydrogen main pipe between the hydrogen pipeline subsystem A3 and the normal temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem A1. A circulating water temperature sensor 25 is provided on an inlet pipe of the water circulating pump 17.
An emergency hydrogen discharge valve 8 and a safety valve 9 which are connected in parallel to a hydrogen discharge port are also arranged on the hydrogen main pipe between the hydrogen pipeline subsystem A3 and the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem A1.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concept. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system for small distributed power generation is characterized by comprising a normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem, a water circulation subsystem and a hydrogen pipeline subsystem, wherein the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage subsystem comprises a normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen valve, a hydrogen storage temperature sensor and an electric heating device, the water circulation subsystem comprises a water refrigerator, a solar water heater, a water circulation pump and a circulating water temperature sensor, the hydrogen pipeline subsystem comprises a mass flow controller, a first pressure reducing valve, a second pressure reducing valve, an emergency hydrogen discharge valve, a safety valve and a pressure transmitter, the hydrogen storage temperature sensor is connected to the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device, the electric heating device is arranged in the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device, the water circulating pump can switchably provide circulating cold water or circulating hot water to the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device through the water refrigerator or the solar water heater, the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device is connected with a hydrogen main pipe of the hydrogen pipeline subsystem through the hydrogen valve, the hydrogen main pipe is connected to the pressure transmitter and is connected in parallel to a hydrogen discharge port through the emergency hydrogen discharge valve and the safety valve, the hydrogen pipeline subsystem can switchably enter hydrogen in the hydrogen filling equipment into the hydrogen main pipe through the first pressure reducing valve and the mass flow controller and is filled into the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device through the hydrogen valve, namely, a hydrogen absorption process is obtained, or hydrogen stored in the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device enters the hydrogen main pipe through the hydrogen valve and is sent to the hydrogen supply equipment through the mass flow controller and the second pressure reducing valve, namely, the hydrogen discharge process is obtained.
2. The normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage and supply system for small distributed power generation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device is composed of one or more hydrogen storage tank monomers connected in parallel, and the hydrogen storage tank monomers are filled with one or more of rare earth-based, titanium-based and vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy materials.
3. The ambient temperature solid state hydrogen storage and supply system for small scale distributed power generation of claim 1, wherein the water chiller uses electricity for refrigeration.
4. A normal temperature solid state hydrogen storage and supply system for small scale distributed power generation as recited in claim 3 wherein said water chiller has a rated refrigeration power of not less than 0.0134F, where F is the rated hydrogen absorption rate of said normal temperature solid state hydrogen storage device, said water chiller has a unit of rated refrigeration power of kW, and said normal temperature solid state hydrogen storage device has a unit of rated hydrogen absorption rate of NL/min.
5. A normal temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system for small-scale distributed power generation as recited in claim 1, wherein the hydrogen absorption process of the normal temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system comprises the following steps:
step 10, if the ambient temperature reaches the starting temperature of the circulating cold water, starting the water refrigerating machine and the water circulating pump to enable the circulating cold water to circularly flow along the water refrigerating machine, the water circulating pump and the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device so as to start the circulating cold water to assist in cooling the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device;
step 11, setting the decompression pressure of the first decompression valve and the control flow of the mass flow controller;
step 12, starting hydrogen absorption, so that hydrogen flows into the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device along the first pressure reducing valve, the mass flow controller and the hydrogen valve in sequence;
step 13, determining the residual hydrogen amount of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device after time integration through the instantaneous flow value of the mass flow controller;
the hydrogen discharge process of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system comprises the following steps:
step 20, starting the electric heating device in the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device, and heating the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device to a hydrogen discharge temperature; if the temperature of water in the solar water heater reaches the starting temperature of circulating hot water, starting the water circulating pump to enable the circulating hot water to circularly flow along the solar water heater, the water circulating pump and the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device so as to start the circulating hot water to assist in heating the normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device; if the temperature of the water in the solar water heater does not reach the starting temperature of the circulating hot water, the circulating hot water is not started;
step 21, setting the decompression pressure of the second decompression valve and the control flow of the mass flow controller;
step 22, starting hydrogen discharge, so that hydrogen flows out of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device along the hydrogen valve, the mass flow controller and the second pressure reducing valve in sequence;
and step 23, determining the residual hydrogen amount of the normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage device after integrating time according to the instantaneous flow value of the mass flow controller.
6. An ambient temperature solid state hydrogen storage and supply system for small distributed power generation as claimed in claim 5, wherein the amount m of hydrogen remaining in said ambient temperature solid state hydrogen storage means H2 Calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003895240230000021
wherein m is 0 Is the initial hydrogen storage capacity; v is instantaneous flow, the unit is NL/min, the hydrogen absorption process is a positive value, and the hydrogen desorption process is a negative value; n is the number of times of hydrogen absorption/desorption in one hydrogen absorption/desorption cycle; t is hydrogen absorption/hydrogen desorption time with the unit of s; m is H2 、m 0 The unit is g.
7. The normal-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage and supply system for small distributed power generation according to claim 5, wherein the starting temperature of the circulating cold water is not lower than 20 ℃, the refrigerating temperature of the water refrigerating machine is 5-20 ℃ during hydrogen absorption, the starting temperature of the circulating hot water is not lower than 45 ℃, and the heating temperature of the electric heating device is 45-85 ℃ during hydrogen discharge.
8. A normal temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system for small distributed power generation as defined in claim 5, wherein the pressure reduction pressure of the first pressure reduction valve is set to 0.7 to 1.6MPa in the hydrogen absorption process of the normal temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system.
9. A normal temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system for small-scale distributed power generation according to claim 5, wherein the pressure reduction pressure of the second pressure reducing valve is set to 0.1 to 0.5MPa in the hydrogen discharge process of the normal temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system.
10. The ambient temperature solid state hydrogen storage and supply system for small scale distributed power generation of claim 1, wherein the water circulation subsystem further comprises a water inlet valve and a water outlet valve, and the water circulation subsystem periodically supplements the inflow of circulating water through the water inlet valve and discharges the circulating water through the water outlet valve.
CN202211272382.4A 2022-10-18 2022-10-18 Normal-temperature solid hydrogen storage and supply system for small distributed power generation Pending CN115585392A (en)

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