CN115574305A - Fused salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupling operation system and method - Google Patents
Fused salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupling operation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115574305A CN115574305A CN202211201792.XA CN202211201792A CN115574305A CN 115574305 A CN115574305 A CN 115574305A CN 202211201792 A CN202211201792 A CN 202211201792A CN 115574305 A CN115574305 A CN 115574305A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/023—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers with heating tubes, for nuclear reactors as far as they are not classified, according to a specified heating fluid, in another group
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/028—Steam generation using heat accumulators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D7/00—Auxiliary devices for promoting water circulation
- F22D7/06—Rotary devices, e.g. propellers
- F22D7/08—Arrangements of pumps, e.g. outside the boilers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
- F24D19/1015—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating using a valve or valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
- G21D1/006—Details of nuclear power plant primary side of steam generators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
- G21D1/02—Arrangements of auxiliary equipment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
- G21D1/04—Pumping arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
- F24D2101/10—Gas turbines; Steam engines or steam turbines; Water turbines, e.g. located in water pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
- F28D2020/0047—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material using molten salts or liquid metals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for coupling operation of power generation, energy storage and heat supply of a molten salt reactor, which comprises a reactor primary circuit, a molten salt reactor secondary circuit, a high-temperature molten salt energy storage and release circuit, a molten salt reactor power generation circuit and a heat supply circuit, wherein the reactor primary circuit is communicated with the molten salt reactor secondary circuit, and the molten salt reactor secondary circuit is communicated with the high-temperature molten salt energy storage and release circuit, the molten salt reactor power generation circuit and the heat supply circuit; and meanwhile, the stability of system operation is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power, and relates to a fused salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupling operation system and method.
Background
The molten salt reactor is one of nuclear fission reactors and is the only liquid fuel reactor in advanced fourth generation reactors, and the main characteristic of the molten salt reactor is that molten mixed salt is used as a nuclear fuel carrier and a reactor coolant at the same time. Compared with the coolant water and helium gas of a light water reactor and an air-cooled reactor, the molten salt reactor has the advantages of large heat capacity, good heat transfer performance, high operation temperature, low system pressure and the like, so that the reactor can operate at high temperature and normal pressure, higher energy conversion efficiency can be obtained, and higher safety is ensured.
At present, a waterless cooling technology is adopted for a molten salt pile, the molten salt pile can be operated only by a small amount of water, high-efficiency power generation can be realized in arid areas, a 2MWt liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt experimental pile is developed in the northwest region of China, and the experimental pile cannot form a large-scale molten salt pile comprehensive utilization demonstration project. In order to fully utilize the high-temperature process heat of the molten salt reactor and provide technical support for subsequent large-scale commercial demonstration construction of the molten salt reactor, a power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupling operation system of the molten salt reactor needs to be constructed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a system and a method for coupling operation of power generation, energy storage and heat supply of a molten salt reactor, which can realize the coupling operation of heat supply and power generation of the molten salt reactor and realize the gradient utilization of energy; and meanwhile, the stability of the system operation is ensured.
In order to achieve the purpose, the power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupled operation system of the molten salt reactor comprises a reactor primary loop, a molten salt reactor secondary loop, a high-temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop, a molten salt reactor power generation loop and a heat supply loop, wherein the reactor primary loop is communicated with the molten salt reactor secondary loop, and the molten salt reactor secondary loop is communicated with the high-temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop, the molten salt reactor power generation loop and the heat supply loop.
The reactor primary loop comprises a reactor, an intermediate heat exchanger and a primary loop molten salt pump;
the outlet of the reactor is connected with the shell side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, the shell side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the primary molten salt pump, the outlet of the primary molten salt pump is communicated with the inlet of the reactor, and the pipe side of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with the secondary loop of the molten salt reactor.
The second loop of the molten salt reactor comprises a second loop molten salt pump, a steam generator, a second regulating valve, a low-temperature molten salt storage tank and a first regulating valve;
the export of two return circuits fused salt pump is linked together with the pipe side entry of middle heat exchanger, the first export of pipe side of middle heat exchanger is linked together with steam generator's shell side entry, steam generator's shell side export is linked together with the entry of second governing valve, the export of second governing valve is linked together with the entry of low temperature fused salt storage tank, the first export of low temperature fused salt storage tank is linked together with the entry of first governing valve, the export of first governing valve is linked together with the entry of two return circuits fused salt pump, steam generator's pipe side with high, low temperature fused salt energy storage and energy release return circuit and fused salt pile power generation return circuit are connected.
The high-temperature and low-temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop comprises a third regulating valve, a fourth regulating valve, a high-temperature molten salt storage tank and a fifth regulating valve;
a second outlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank is communicated with an inlet pipeline of a primary molten salt pump through a third regulating valve; and a second outlet on the tube side of the intermediate heat exchanger is communicated with an inlet of the high-temperature molten salt storage tank through a fourth regulating valve, and an outlet of the high-temperature molten salt storage tank is communicated with an inlet on the shell side of the steam generator through a fifth regulating valve.
The molten salt reactor power generation loop comprises a feed pump, a high-pressure heater, a steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder, a steam-water separation reheater, a sixth regulating valve, a seventh regulating valve, a low-pressure heater, a low-pressure cylinder, a condenser, a generator, an eighth regulating valve, a secondary heat supply network heat exchanger, a ninth regulating valve, a primary heat supply network heat exchanger and a tenth regulating valve;
the outlet of the feed water pump is communicated with the inlet of the high-pressure heater, the outlet of the high-pressure heater is communicated with the pipe side inlet of the steam generator, the pipe side outlet of the steam generator is communicated with the inlet of a high-intermediate pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, a first-stage steam extraction port of the high-intermediate pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is communicated with the pipe side inlet of the moisture separator reheater, a second-stage steam extraction port of the high-intermediate pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is communicated with the steam side inlet of the high-pressure heater through a sixth regulating valve, a third-stage steam extraction port of the high-intermediate pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is communicated with the steam side inlet of the low-pressure heater through a seventh regulating valve, a steam exhaust port of the high-intermediate pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is communicated with the shell side inlet of the moisture separator reheater, and a shell side outlet of the moisture separator reheater is communicated with the inlet of the low-pressure cylinder; the outlet of the low pressure cylinder is communicated with the first inlet of the shell side of the condenser, and the high and medium pressure cylinders and the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine are connected with the generator; the shell side outlet of the condenser is communicated with the inlet of the low-pressure heater, and the outlet of the low-pressure heater is communicated with the inlet of the water feed pump;
the tube side outlet of the moisture separator reheater is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated with the shell side inlet of the second-stage heat network heat exchanger through an eighth regulating valve, the other path is communicated with the outlet of a sixth regulating valve through a ninth regulating valve, the shell side outlet of the second-stage heat network heat exchanger is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the shell side inlet of the first-stage heat network heat exchanger, the other path is communicated with the steam side inlet of the low-pressure heater through a tenth regulating valve, the shell side outlet of the first-stage heat network heat exchanger is communicated with the shell side second inlet of the condenser, and the heat supply loop is communicated with the tube side of the condenser, the tube side of the first-stage heat network heat exchanger and the tube side of the second-stage heat network heat exchanger.
The high and medium pressure cylinders and the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine are coaxially arranged with the generator.
The heat supply loop comprises a heat supply initial station and a heat supply delivery pump;
the outlet of the heat supply primary station is communicated with the inlet of the heat supply delivery pump, the outlet of the heat supply delivery pump is communicated with the pipe side inlet of the condenser, the pipe side outlet of the condenser is communicated with the pipe side inlet of the first-stage heat supply network heat exchanger, the pipe side outlet of the first-stage heat supply network heat exchanger is communicated with the pipe side inlet of the second-stage heat supply network heat exchanger, and the pipe side outlet of the second-stage heat supply network heat exchanger is communicated with the inlet of the heat supply primary station.
The system for power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupling operation of the molten salt reactor comprises a unit power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupling operation mode, a unit power generation mode-oriented operation mode, a unit heat supply mode-oriented operation mode and a unit stable operation mode under variable working conditions.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupled operation system and a method for a molten salt reactor, wherein a reactor primary circuit is communicated with a molten salt reactor secondary circuit, the molten salt reactor secondary circuit is communicated with a high-temperature molten salt energy storage and release circuit, a low-temperature molten salt energy storage and release circuit, a molten salt reactor power generation circuit and a heat supply circuit, and the molten salt reactor secondary circuit, the molten salt reactor power generation circuit, the heat supply circuit and the high-temperature molten salt energy storage and release circuit are organically combined.
Furthermore, when the unit operates under variable working conditions, the high-temperature and low-temperature fused salt energy storage and release loops can be used for adjusting the heat load of the reactor and the water supply temperature of the two loops along with the change of the load of the generator, so that the safe and stable operation of the unit is ensured.
Furthermore, the low-temperature molten salt is fully utilized to absorb the exhaust waste heat of the condenser, compared with the mode that the conventional power station uses the circulating water to cool the condenser to exhaust steam, the cold source loss is reduced, and meanwhile, the drainage generated after heat exchange is used as the water supply, so that the gradient comprehensive utilization of energy is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention.
The system comprises a reactor 1, an intermediate heat exchanger 2, a primary loop molten salt pump 3, a secondary loop molten salt pump 4, a steam generator 5, a low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6, a high-temperature molten salt storage tank 7, a high-intermediate pressure cylinder 8 of a steam turbine, a steam-water separation reheater 9, a low-pressure cylinder 10, a generator 11, a condenser 12, a low-pressure heater 13, a water feed pump 14, a high-pressure heater 15, a heat supply primary station 16, a heat supply delivery pump 17, a primary heat supply network heat exchanger 18, a secondary heat supply network heat exchanger 19, a first regulating valve 20, a second regulating valve 21, a third regulating valve 22, a fourth regulating valve 23, a fifth regulating valve 24, a sixth regulating valve 25, a seventh regulating valve 26, an eighth regulating valve 27, a ninth regulating valve 28 and a tenth regulating valve 29.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
There is shown in the drawings a schematic block diagram of a disclosed embodiment in accordance with the invention. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, according to actual needs.
Referring to fig. 1, the power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupled operation system of the molten salt reactor comprises a reactor primary loop, a molten salt reactor secondary loop, high and low temperature molten salt energy storage and release loops, a molten salt reactor power generation loop and a heat supply loop, wherein the reactor primary loop is communicated with the molten salt reactor secondary loop, and the molten salt reactor secondary loop is communicated with the high and low temperature molten salt energy storage and release loops, the molten salt reactor power generation loop and the heat supply loop;
the outlet of the reactor 1 is connected with the shell side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 2, the shell side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 2 is connected with the inlet of a primary molten salt pump 3, and the outlet of the primary molten salt pump 3 is communicated with the inlet of the reactor 1 to form a primary molten salt reactor;
an outlet of the secondary loop molten salt pump 4 is communicated with a tube side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 2, a first tube side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 2 is communicated with a shell side inlet of the steam generator 5, a shell side outlet of the steam generator 5 is communicated with an inlet of the second regulating valve 21, an outlet of the second regulating valve 21 is communicated with an inlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6, a first outlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 is communicated with an inlet of the first regulating valve 20, and an outlet of the first regulating valve 20 is communicated with an inlet of the secondary loop molten salt pump 4 to form a secondary loop of the molten salt reactor;
a second outlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 is communicated with an inlet pipeline of the primary molten salt pump 3 through a third regulating valve 22; a second outlet on the tube side of the intermediate heat exchanger 2 is communicated with an inlet of the high-temperature molten salt storage tank 7 through a fourth regulating valve 23, and an outlet of the high-temperature molten salt storage tank 7 is communicated with a shell side inlet of the steam generator 5 through a fifth regulating valve 24, so that a high-temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop and a low-temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop are formed;
an outlet of the water feeding pump 14 is communicated with an inlet of a high-pressure heater 15, an outlet of the high-pressure heater 15 is communicated with a pipe side inlet of a steam generator 5, a pipe side outlet of the steam generator 5 is communicated with an inlet of a high-intermediate pressure steam turbine cylinder 8, a first-stage steam extraction port of the high-intermediate pressure steam turbine cylinder 8 is communicated with a pipe side inlet of a moisture separator reheater 9, a second-stage steam extraction port of the high-intermediate pressure steam turbine cylinder 8 is communicated with a steam side inlet of the high-pressure heater 15 through a sixth regulating valve 25, a third-stage steam extraction port of the high-intermediate pressure steam turbine cylinder 8 is communicated with a steam side inlet of a low-pressure heater 13 through a seventh regulating valve 26, a steam exhaust port of the high-intermediate pressure steam turbine cylinder 8 is communicated with a shell side inlet of the moisture separator reheater 9, and a shell side outlet of the moisture separator reheater 9 is communicated with an inlet of the low-pressure steam cylinder 10; an outlet of the low-pressure cylinder 10 is communicated with a first inlet of a shell side of a condenser 12, and the low-pressure cylinder 10 is connected with a generator 11; the shell side outlet of the condenser 12 is communicated with the inlet of a low-pressure heater 13, and the outlet of the low-pressure heater 13 is communicated with the inlet of a feed pump 14 to form a molten salt reactor power generation loop;
the tube-side outlet of the moisture separator reheater 9 is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated with the inlet of the eighth regulating valve 27, the outlet of the eighth regulating valve 27 is communicated with the shell-side inlet of the second-stage heat grid heat exchanger 19, the other path is communicated with the inlet of the ninth regulating valve 28, the outlet of the ninth regulating valve 28 is communicated with the outlet of the sixth regulating valve 25, the shell-side outlet of the second-stage heat grid heat exchanger 19 is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated with the shell-side inlet of the first-stage heat grid heat exchanger 18, the other path is communicated with the steam-side inlet of the low-pressure heater 13 through the tenth regulating valve 29, and the shell-side outlet of the first-stage heat grid heat exchanger 18 is communicated with the shell-side second inlet of the condenser 12;
the heat supply loop comprises a heat supply initial station 16, a heat supply delivery pump 17, a primary heat supply network heat exchanger 18 and a secondary heat supply network heat exchanger 19, an outlet of the heat supply initial station 16 is communicated with an inlet of the heat supply delivery pump 17, an outlet of the heat supply delivery pump 17 is communicated with a pipe side inlet of the condenser 12, a pipe side outlet of the condenser 12 is communicated with a pipe side inlet of the primary heat supply network heat exchanger 18, a pipe side outlet of the primary heat supply network heat exchanger 18 is communicated with a pipe side inlet of the secondary heat supply network heat exchanger 19, and a pipe side outlet of the secondary heat supply network heat exchanger 19 is communicated with an inlet of the heat supply initial station 16.
The invention relates to a power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupling operation method of a molten salt reactor, which comprises the following steps:
1) Generating, energy storage and heat supply coupling operation mode of unit
A primary molten salt conveyed by a primary molten salt pump 3 enters the reactor 1 to absorb heat generated by the reactor core, then enters the shell side of the intermediate heat exchanger 2 to release heat, and then enters the reactor 1 to absorb heat to form a circulation loop of the reactor 1;
the molten salt in the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 is conveyed to the pipe side of the intermediate heat exchanger 2 through the two-loop molten salt pump 4, the high-temperature molten salt is formed after the heat of the circulation loop of the reactor 1 is absorbed, the high-temperature molten salt is divided into two paths, one path of the high-temperature molten salt enters the steam generator 5 to continuously exchange heat, and the other path of the high-temperature molten salt is stored in the high-temperature molten salt storage tank 7.
The flow of the low-temperature molten salt at the outlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 is adjusted through the first adjusting valve 20 and the two-loop molten salt pump 4 to match the heat exchange amount of the intermediate heat exchanger 2; the high-temperature molten salt flow entering the shell side of the steam generator 5 through the fourth regulating valve 23 is matched with the heat exchange amount of the steam generator 5, on the premise that the heat exchange amount of the steam generator 5 is met, the residual heat is stored in the high-temperature molten salt storage tank 7, the molten salt output from the shell side outlet of the steam generator 5 returns to the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 through the second regulating valve 21, and in the process, the third regulating valve 22 and the fifth regulating valve 24 are in a closed state.
Steam output from a pipe side outlet of the steam generator 5 enters a steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder 8 to do work, exhaust steam of the steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder 8 enters a steam-water separation reheater 9, a section of extracted steam of the steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder 8 is introduced into the steam-water separation reheater 9 to heat the exhaust steam of the steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder 8 to superheated steam, and then the superheated steam is introduced into a low pressure cylinder 10 to do work and drive a generator 11 to generate electricity; the exhaust steam of the low pressure cylinder 10 enters a condenser 12 for condensation, then is heated by a low pressure heater 13, and then is conveyed to a high pressure heater 15 through a water feeding pump 14 for heating, and then enters the pipe side of the steam generator 5 for absorbing the heat of the high temperature molten salt and generating steam to form a two-loop water feeding circulation and power generation loop, in the process, a sixth regulating valve 25 and a seventh regulating valve 26 are in an open state, a ninth regulating valve 28 and a tenth regulating valve 29 are in a closed state, the heating steam source of the high pressure heater 15 is from two-stage steam extraction of the high and medium pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine, and the heating steam source of the low pressure heater 13 is from three-stage steam extraction of the high and medium pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine.
Under the condition of meeting the power generation requirement of the generator 11, the heating network heating steam flow at the outlet of the steam-water separator reheater 9 is automatically adjusted through the eighth adjusting valve 27, the return water at the cold end of the heating network output by the heat supply initial station 16 is conveyed to the condenser 12 through the heat supply conveying pump 17 to absorb the exhaust steam heat of the low pressure cylinder 10, and the heat supply conveying pump 17 operates in a frequency conversion mode to adjust the water supply flow of the heating network so as to match the total heat exchange quantity of the heat supply loop; the heat supply network feed water enters the tube side of the primary heat supply network heat exchanger 18 to absorb the heat of the shell side after being primarily heated, then the tube side of the secondary heat supply network heat exchanger 19 absorbs the steam heat output by the steam-water separation reheater 9, the heat supply network hot end feed water is conveyed to the heat supply initial station 16 to be heat exchanged and then becomes cold end return water to form a heat supply loop, wherein the energy in the primary heating comes from the exhaust steam heat of the low-pressure cylinder 10, the heat in the shell side of the primary heat supply network heat exchanger 18 comes from the heating steam in the shell side of the secondary heat supply network heat exchanger 19 after heat exchange, and the gradient utilization of the energy is realized.
2) Running mode with unit power generation mode as main mode
The reactor 1 runs at full power, the opening degree of the first regulating valve 20 and the running frequency of the two-loop molten salt pump 4 are regulated, so that the low-temperature molten salt flow at the outlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 is matched with the maximum heat exchange amount of the intermediate heat exchanger 2, and the opening degree of the fourth regulating valve 23 is regulated, so that the high-temperature molten salt flow is matched with the maximum heat exchange amount of the steam generator 5.
By adjusting the opening of the eighth adjusting valve 27, after the electrical load of the generator 11 reaches the maximum output, the steam heat at the outlet of the tube side of the moisture separator reheater 9 is distributed, and then the heat supply delivery pump 17 is operated in a frequency conversion manner to adjust the water supply flow of the heat supply network, so as to match the total heat exchange amount of the heat supply loop, and obtain the optimal heat supply output. In the process, the second control valve 21 is fully open, the third control valve 22 is fully closed, the fifth control valve 24 is fully closed, the sixth control valve 25 is fully open, the seventh control valve 26 is fully open, the ninth control valve 28 is fully closed, and the tenth control valve 29 is fully closed.
3) Running mode with unit heat supply mode as main mode
The reactor 1 runs at full power, the flow of the low-temperature molten salt at the outlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 is matched with the maximum heat exchange amount of the intermediate heat exchanger 2 by adjusting the opening of the first adjusting valve 20 and the running frequency of the two-loop molten salt pump 4, and the flow of the high-temperature molten salt is matched with the maximum heat exchange amount of the steam generator 5 by adjusting the opening of the fourth adjusting valve 23.
Under the condition of meeting the minimum electric load of the generator 11, the opening degree of the eighth regulating valve 27 is regulated to be maximum, so that the heating steam flow for the secondary heat supply network heat exchanger 19 is maximum, and then the heat supply delivery pump 17 operates in a frequency conversion mode to regulate the water supply flow of the heat supply network so as to match the total heat exchange quantity of the heat supply loop and obtain the maximum heat supply output.
4) Stable operation mode of unit under variable working conditions
When the pressure of the molten salt in the reactor 1 fluctuates, the third regulating valve 22 is opened and automatically regulates the flow of the low-temperature molten salt entering the primary loop of the reactor 1, so that the primary loop pressure of the reactor 1 is stabilized, and the safe and stable operation of the molten salt reactor is ensured;
when the unit is started, load shedding and the steam turbine is in an abnormal working condition, the sixth regulating valve 25 is closed, the seventh regulating valve 26 is closed, the first-stage steam extraction and the second-stage steam extraction of the high and medium pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine are lost, the low-pressure heater 13 and the high-pressure heater 15 lose heating steam sources, the fifth regulating valve 24 is opened and automatically regulated, the high-temperature molten salt in the high-temperature molten salt storage tank 7 is conveyed to the shell side of the steam generator 5 by using the two-loop molten salt pump 4, and the heat exchange quantity in the steam generator 5 is supplemented so as to meet the requirements of power generation and heat supply; the ninth regulating valve 28 is opened and automatically regulated, the steam output from the outlet of the moisture separator reheater 9 is used for heating the feed water in the high-pressure heater 15, the eighth regulating valve 27 is opened and automatically regulated for keeping the heat exchange quantity requirement in the secondary heat supply network heat exchanger 19, the tenth regulating valve 29 is opened and automatically regulated, the waste heat after the heat exchange of the secondary heat supply network heat exchanger 19 is used for heating the feed water in the low-pressure heater 13, and the problems that the feed water temperature at the inlet of the steam generator 5 fluctuates too much and the heat load of the reactor 1 is unstable, and the shutdown of the unit is abnormal are avoided.
The steam heat at the pipe side outlet of the steam-water separator reheater 9 is distributed by adjusting the opening degree of the eighth adjusting valve 27, and the water supply flow of the heat supply network is adjusted by the variable-frequency operation of the heat supply delivery pump 17 so as to match the total heat exchange quantity of the heat supply loop and obtain the optimal heat supply output.
Example one
Taking a 250MW molten salt reactor as an example, the thermal power of the reactor 1 is 557MW, the power of the generator 11 is 250MW, 564 ℃ primary molten salt conveyed by a primary molten salt pump 3 enters the reactor 1 to absorb heat generated by the reactor core, the temperature of the primary molten salt is raised to 704 ℃, the primary molten salt enters the shell side of the intermediate heat exchanger 2 to exchange heat with the molten salt on the side of the secondary loop pipe, the temperature is lowered to 564 ℃, and then the primary molten salt enters the reactor 1 to absorb heat so as to form a circulation loop of the reactor 1;
the temperature of the molten salt in the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 is 454 ℃, the molten salt is conveyed to the pipe side of the intermediate heat exchanger 2 through the two-loop molten salt pump 4, the molten salt becomes 621 ℃ high-temperature molten salt after absorbing the heat of the circulation loop of the reactor 1, one part of the molten salt enters the steam generator 5 to continuously exchange heat, the other part of the molten salt is stored in the high-temperature molten salt storage tank 7, the temperature of the 621 ℃ high-temperature molten salt is reduced to 454 ℃ after releasing heat in the shell side of the steam generator 5, and the molten salt returns to the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 to form a molten salt energy storage heat absorption and release circulation loop.
227 ℃ feed water conveyed by a feed water pump 14 is heated to 288 ℃ by a high-pressure heater 15, and then enters the shell side of the steam generator 5 to absorb the heat of the two-loop high-temperature molten salt, the feed water is heated and then undergoes phase change, the generated 538 ℃ steam sequentially passes through a high-intermediate pressure cylinder 8 and a low-pressure cylinder 10 of the steam turbine to do work, and drives a generator 11 to generate electricity, and the maximum generating power is 250MW. The exhaust steam of the high and medium pressure turbine cylinder 8 after acting enters a steam-water separation reheater 9 to exchange heat with the primary extraction steam of the high and medium pressure turbine cylinder 8, and then reheated steam at 520 ℃ is generated; the exhaust steam of the low pressure cylinder 10 enters a condenser 12 for condensation, the temperature of the condensed water is 45 ℃, the condensed water is heated to 180 ℃ through a low pressure heater 13, and the heated condensed water is conveyed to a high pressure heater 15 through a water feeding pump 14 to form a two-loop water feeding circulation and power generation loop. The heating steam source of the high-pressure heater 15 is from the second-stage extraction steam of the high and medium pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine, the temperature of the second-stage extraction steam is 350-400 ℃, the heating steam source of the low-pressure heater 13 is from the third-stage extraction steam of the high and medium pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine, and the temperature of the third-stage extraction steam is 250-300 ℃.
The temperature of water supplied to the cold end of the heat supply network at the outlet of the heat supply primary station 16 is 40 ℃, the water is conveyed into the condenser 12 through the heat supply conveying pump 17 to absorb the heat of the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder 108, the temperature of the exhaust steam is 60-90 ℃, the temperature of the water is raised to 60 ℃ after primary heating, the water continuously enters the pipe side of the primary heat supply network heat exchanger 18 to absorb heat, the temperature is raised to 80 ℃, the water enters the secondary heat supply network heat exchanger 19 to absorb the heat of the reheated steam at the outlet of the moisture separator reheater 9, the temperature is raised to above 110 ℃, the water enters the heat supply primary station 16 and provides a heat source, and the water becomes cold end backwater after heat exchange to form a heat supply loop.
In the embodiment of the invention, the heat in the primary heat supply network heat exchanger 18 comes from the waste heat after the heat exchange of the secondary heat supply network heat exchanger 19, and the primary heating heat of the water supply of the heat supply network comes from the exhaust heat of the low-pressure cylinder 10 of the steam turbine, so that the gradient utilization of the energy is realized.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the molten salt pressure of the reactor 1 fluctuates, the third regulating valve 22 is opened and automatically regulates the flow of the low-temperature molten salt of the primary loop of the reactor 1, the pressure of the primary loop of the stable reactor 1 is 1.5MPa, and the safe and stable operation of the molten salt reactor is ensured;
when the unit is started, load is thrown, and the steam turbine is in an abnormal working condition, the sixth regulating valve 25 and the seventh regulating valve 26 are closed, the primary steam extraction, the secondary steam extraction and the tertiary steam extraction of the high and medium pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine are lost, and the steam-water separator reheater 9, the low pressure heater 13 and the high pressure heater 15 lose heating steam sources. Opening a fifth regulating valve 24 and regulating the opening degree of the fifth regulating valve, and conveying the high-temperature molten salt in the high-temperature molten salt storage tank 7 at 621 ℃ to the shell side of the steam generator 5 by using a two-loop molten salt pump 4 to meet the heat exchange quantity requirement in the steam generator 5; the ninth regulating valve 28 is opened and automatically regulated, the steam output from the outlet of the moisture separator reheater 9 is used for heating the feed water in the high-pressure heater 15, the eighth regulating valve 27 is opened and automatically regulated for keeping the heat exchange quantity requirement in the second-stage heat supply network heat exchanger 19, the tenth regulating valve 29 is opened and automatically regulated, the waste heat after the heat exchange of the second-stage heat supply network heat exchanger 19 is used for heating the feed water in the low-pressure heater 13, and the problems that the feed water temperature at the inlet of the steam generator 5 fluctuates too much and the unit is abnormally stopped due to the unstable heat load of the reactor 1 are avoided.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a fused salt reactor electricity generation, energy storage and heat supply coupling operation system which characterized in that, includes reactor primary circuit, fused salt reactor two return circuits, high, low temperature fused salt energy storage and release return circuit, fused salt reactor electricity generation return circuit and heat supply return circuit, wherein, reactor primary circuit and fused salt reactor two return circuits are linked together, and fused salt reactor two return circuits and high, low temperature fused salt energy storage and release return circuit, fused salt reactor electricity generation return circuit and heat supply return circuit are linked together.
2. The power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupled operation system of the molten salt reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor primary loop comprises the reactor (1), the intermediate heat exchanger (2) and a primary loop molten salt pump (3);
the outlet of the reactor (1) is connected with the shell side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger (2), the shell side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger (2) is connected with the inlet of a primary molten salt pump (3), the outlet of the primary molten salt pump (3) is communicated with the inlet of the reactor (1), and the pipe side of the intermediate heat exchanger (2) is connected with a secondary molten salt reactor loop.
3. The molten salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupled operation system according to claim 2, characterized in that the molten salt reactor two-circuit comprises a two-circuit molten salt pump (4), a steam generator (5), a second regulating valve (21), a low-temperature molten salt storage tank (6) and a first regulating valve (20);
the outlet of the two-loop molten salt pump (4) is communicated with the pipe side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger (2), the first outlet of the pipe side of the intermediate heat exchanger (2) is communicated with the shell side inlet of the steam generator (5), the shell side outlet of the steam generator (5) is communicated with the inlet of the second regulating valve (21), the outlet of the second regulating valve (21) is communicated with the inlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank (6), the first outlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank (6) is communicated with the inlet of the first regulating valve (20), the outlet of the first regulating valve (20) is communicated with the inlet of the two-loop molten salt pump (4), and the pipe side of the steam generator (5) is connected with the high-temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop and the molten salt pile molten salt power generation loop.
4. The molten salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupled operation system of claim 3, wherein the high and low temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop comprises a third regulating valve (22), a fourth regulating valve (23), a high temperature molten salt storage tank (7) and a fifth regulating valve (24);
a second outlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank (6) is communicated with an inlet pipeline of a loop molten salt pump (3) through a third regulating valve (22); and a second outlet on the tube side of the intermediate heat exchanger (2) is communicated with an inlet of the high-temperature molten salt storage tank (7) through a fourth regulating valve (23), and an outlet of the high-temperature molten salt storage tank (7) is communicated with a shell side inlet of the steam generator (5) through a fifth regulating valve (24).
5. The power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupled operation system of the molten salt reactor according to claim 3, wherein the power generation loop of the molten salt reactor comprises a feed water pump (14), a high-pressure heater (15), a high-medium pressure cylinder (8) of a steam turbine, a steam-water separation reheater (9), a sixth regulating valve (25), a seventh regulating valve (26), a low-pressure heater (13), a low-pressure cylinder (10), a condenser (12), a generator (11), an eighth regulating valve (27), a secondary heat supply network heat exchanger (19), a ninth regulating valve (28), a primary heat supply network heat exchanger (18) and a tenth regulating valve (29);
an outlet of a water feeding pump (14) is communicated with an inlet of a high-pressure heater (15), an outlet of the high-pressure heater (15) is communicated with a pipe side inlet of a steam generator (5), a pipe side outlet of the steam generator (5) is communicated with an inlet of a high-intermediate pressure steam turbine cylinder (8), a section of steam extraction port of the high-intermediate pressure steam turbine cylinder (8) is communicated with a pipe side inlet of a moisture separator reheater (9), a section of steam extraction port of the high-intermediate pressure steam turbine cylinder (8) is communicated with a steam side inlet of the high-pressure heater (15) through a sixth regulating valve (25), a section of steam extraction port of the high-intermediate pressure steam turbine cylinder (8) is communicated with a steam side inlet of a low-pressure heater (13) through a seventh regulating valve (26), a steam extraction port of the high-intermediate pressure steam turbine cylinder (8) is communicated with a shell side inlet of the moisture separator reheater (9), and a shell side outlet of the moisture separator reheater (9) is communicated with an inlet of a low-pressure steam cylinder (10); an outlet of the low-pressure cylinder (10) is communicated with a first inlet of a condenser (12), and the high-medium pressure cylinder (8) and the low-pressure cylinder (10) of the steam turbine are connected with a generator (11); the shell side outlet of the condenser (12) is communicated with the inlet of the low-pressure heater (13), and the outlet of the low-pressure heater (13) is communicated with the inlet of the feed pump (14);
the tube side outlet of the moisture separator reheater (9) is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated with the shell side inlet of the second-stage heat network heat exchanger (19) through an eighth regulating valve (27), the other path is communicated with the outlet of a sixth regulating valve (25) through a ninth regulating valve (28), the shell side outlet of the second-stage heat network heat exchanger (19) is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated with the shell side inlet of the first-stage heat network heat exchanger (18), the other path is communicated with the steam side inlet of the low-pressure heater (13) through a tenth regulating valve (29), the shell side outlet of the first-stage heat network heat exchanger (18) is communicated with the shell side second inlet of the condenser (12), and the heat supply loop is communicated with the tube side of the condenser (12), the tube side of the first-stage heat network heat exchanger (18) and the tube side of the second-stage heat network heat exchanger (19).
6. The power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupled operation system of the molten salt reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that a high and medium pressure cylinder (8) and a low pressure cylinder (10) of a steam turbine are arranged coaxially with a power generator (11).
7. The fused salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupled operation system of claim 5, wherein the heat supply loop comprises a heat supply initial station (16) and a heat supply delivery pump (17);
an outlet of the heat supply primary station (16) is communicated with an inlet of a heat supply delivery pump (17), an outlet of the heat supply delivery pump (17) is communicated with a pipe side inlet of a condenser (12), a pipe side outlet of the condenser (12) is communicated with a pipe side inlet of a first-stage heat supply network heat exchanger (18), a pipe side outlet of the first-stage heat supply network heat exchanger (18) is communicated with a pipe side inlet of a second-stage heat supply network heat exchanger (19), and a pipe side outlet of the second-stage heat supply network heat exchanger (19) is communicated with an inlet of the heat supply primary station (16).
8. A molten salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupling operation system is characterized in that the molten salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupling operation system based on the molten salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupling operation system comprises a unit power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupling operation mode, an operation mode with a unit power generation mode as a main mode, an operation mode with a unit heat supply mode as a main mode and a stable operation mode under a variable working condition of the unit.
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