CN115572936A - 高速钢及其制备方法 - Google Patents
高速钢及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115572936A CN115572936A CN202211281534.7A CN202211281534A CN115572936A CN 115572936 A CN115572936 A CN 115572936A CN 202211281534 A CN202211281534 A CN 202211281534A CN 115572936 A CN115572936 A CN 115572936A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- speed steel
- quenching
- tempering
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009847 ladle furnace Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000641 cold extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/007—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Co
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了高速钢的制备方法,包括以下步骤:预热:将原料放入中空炉或电弧炉进行预热;渗碳:将步骤一预热后的电渣棒进行渗碳操作;淬火:渗碳步骤二完成后进行淬火,加热到淬火温度后将部分残余奥氏体转变成马氏体;回火:为使残余奥氏体转变,需要进行回火处理。高速钢原料中按质量百分比包含如下组分:W 1.5~2.0%,Mo 3.25~5.0%,Cr 4.5~5.0%,V 0.85~1.20%,Co 0.5~2.0%,C 1.10~1.18%,Si 0.22~0.38%,Mn 0.10~0.35%,S 0~0.05%,P 0~0.30%,Zr 0.5~2%,Cu 0~0.15%,Ni 0~0.20%,余量为Fe。通过上述优化配方改善碳化物的分布和细化碳化物颗粒的尺寸,进一步提高高速钢的硬度;通过技术工艺提高了高速钢的韧性,解决高速钢容易发生开裂的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高速钢领域,特别涉及高速钢及其制备方法。
背景技术
高速钢(HSS)是一种具有高硬度、高耐磨性和高耐热性的工具钢,又称高速工具钢或锋钢,俗称白钢。高速钢是美国的F.W.泰勒和M.怀特于1898年创制的。
高速钢的工艺性能好,强度和韧性配合好,因此主要用来制造复杂的薄刃和耐冲击的金属切削刀具,也可制造高温轴承和冷挤压模具等。除用熔炼方法生产的高速钢外,20世纪60年代以后又出现了粉末冶金高速钢,它的优点是避免了熔炼法生产所造成的碳化物偏析而引起机械性能降低和热处理变形。
但是,高速钢的技术力学性能较为优异,但是在硬度和韧性之间的平衡无法做到良好的兼容,硬度高韧性低时容易发生开裂,硬度低韧性高时对于高硬度要求的场景适应性较差,为此,发明高速钢及其制备方法来解决上述问题。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供高速钢及其制备方法,来解决背景技术提出的问题。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:
高速钢的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、预热:将原料放入中空炉或电弧炉进行预热;
步骤二、渗碳:将步骤一预热后的电渣棒进行渗碳操作;
步骤三、淬火:渗碳步骤二完成后进行淬火,加热到淬火温度后将部分残余奥氏体转变成马氏体;
步骤四、回火:为使残余奥氏体转变,需要进行回火处理。
进一步的,所述高速钢中各元素重量占比进行选料,高速钢原料中按质量百分比包含如下组分:W1.5~2.0%,Mo3.25~5.0%,Cr4.5~5.0%,V0.85~1.20%,Co0.5~2.0%,C1.10~1.18%,Si0.22~0.38%,Mn0.10~0.35%,S0~0.05%,P0~0.30%,Zr0.5~2%,Cu0~0.15%,Ni0~0.20%,余量为Fe。
进一步的,所述高速钢中各元素重量占比进行选料,高速钢原料中按质量百分比包含如下组分:W2.0%,Mo5.0%,Cr5.0%,V1.20%,Co2.0%,C1.18%,Si0.38%,Mn0.35%,S0.05%,P0.30%,Zr02%,Cu0.15%,Ni0.20%,余量为Fe。
进一步的,所述预热步骤中:先在800~850℃预热,以免引起大的热应力,提升后续高速钢质量,然后将混料加入经过冶炼的原料中,再进行LF炉外精炼、VD真空脱气,浇铸得到电渣棒。
进一步的,所述渗碳步骤中:采用热压烧结技术对压胚在一氧化碳的氛围中进行一次烧结,烧结温度为1000~1050℃,保温15~20min,烧结压力控制在20~40MPa,然后将胚体在氮气氛围中进行二次烧结,烧结温度为1100~1120℃,保温20~30min,烧结压力控制在20~40MPa,冷却后得到胚体。
进一步的,所述淬火步骤中:淬火温度1290~1390℃,后油冷或空冷或充气体冷却,淬火后因内部组织还保留一部分(约30%)残余奥氏体没有转变成马氏体,影响了高速钢的性能。
进一步的,所述回火步骤中:进一步提高硬度和耐磨性,一般要进行2~3次回火,回火温度500~560℃,每次保温1小时。
进一步的,所述衡量红硬性的方法是先把钢加热至580~650℃,保温1小时,然后冷却,这样反复4次后测量其硬度值,高速钢的淬火温度一般均接近钢的熔点,淬火后一般需在540~560℃之间回火3次,提高淬火温度可以增加钢的红硬性,为了提高高速钢的使用寿命,可对其表面进行强化处理。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:
从上表可以看出,通过实施例1-3和对比例1的综合对比,通过上述优化配方改善碳化物的分布和细化碳化物颗粒的尺寸,从而进一步提高高速钢的硬度;通过技术工艺提高了高速钢的韧性,从而解决高速钢容易发生开裂的问题。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
为本发明较优实施例中高速钢的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、预热:将原料放入中空炉或电弧炉进行预热,先在800℃预热,以免引起大的热应力,提升后续高速钢质量,然后将混料加入经过冶炼的原料中,再进行LF炉外精炼、VD真空脱气,浇铸得到电渣棒;
步骤二、渗碳:将步骤一预热后的电渣棒进行渗碳操作,采用热压烧结技术对压胚在一氧化碳的氛围中进行一次烧结,烧结温度为1000℃,保温15min,烧结压力控制在20MPa,然后将胚体在氮气氛围中进行二次烧结,烧结温度为1100℃,保温20min,烧结压力控制在20MPa,冷却后得到胚体;
步骤三、淬火:然后迅速加热到淬火温度1290℃,后油冷或空冷或充气体冷却,淬火后因内部组织还保留一部分(约30%)残余奥氏体没有转变成马氏体,影响了高速钢的性能;
步骤四、回火:为使残余奥氏体转变,进一步提高硬度和耐磨性,一般要进行2次回火,回火温度500℃,每次保温1小时。
高速钢的热处理工艺较为复杂,必须经过淬火、回火等一系列过程。淬火时由于它的导热性差一般分两阶段进行。
按高速钢中各元素重量占比进行选料,高速钢原料中按质量百分比包含如下组分:W1.5%,Mo3.25%,Cr4.5%,V0.85%,Co0.5%,C1.10%,Si0.22%,Mn0.10%,S0%,P0~%,Zr0.5%,Cu0%,Ni0%,余量为Fe。
衡量红硬性的方法是先把钢加热至580℃,保温1小时,然后冷却,这样反复4次后测量其硬度值,高速钢的淬火温度一般均接近钢的熔点,淬火后一般需在540℃之间回火3次,提高淬火温度可以增加钢的红硬性,为了提高高速钢的使用寿命,可对其表面进行强化处理。
实施例2
为本发明较优实施例中高速钢的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、预热:将原料放入中空炉或电弧炉进行预热,先在830℃预热,以免引起大的热应力,提升后续高速钢质量,然后将混料加入经过冶炼的原料中,再进行LF炉外精炼、VD真空脱气,浇铸得到电渣棒;
步骤二、渗碳:将步骤一预热后的电渣棒进行渗碳操作,采用热压烧结技术对压胚在一氧化碳的氛围中进行一次烧结,烧结温度为1030℃,保温18min,烧结压力控制在30MPa,然后将胚体在氮气氛围中进行二次烧结,烧结温度为1110℃,保温25min,烧结压力控制在30MPa,冷却后得到胚体;
步骤三、淬火:然后迅速加热到淬火温度1340℃,后油冷或空冷或充气体冷却,淬火后因内部组织还保留一部分(约30%)残余奥氏体没有转变成马氏体,影响了高速钢的性能;
步骤四、回火:为使残余奥氏体转变,进一步提高硬度和耐磨性,一般要进行2次回火,回火温度530℃,每次保温1小时。
高速钢的热处理工艺较为复杂,必须经过淬火、回火等一系列过程。淬火时由于它的导热性差一般分两阶段进行。
按高速钢中各元素重量占比进行选料,高速钢原料中按质量百分比包含如下组分:W1.8%,Mo4.20%,Cr4.85%,V1.05%,Co130%,C1.14%,Si0.31%,Mn0.28%,S0.03%,P0.20%,Zr1.2%,Cu0.08%,Ni0.10%,余量为Fe。
衡量红硬性的方法是先把钢加热至650℃,保温1小时,然后冷却,这样反复4次后测量其硬度值,高速钢的淬火温度一般均接近钢的熔点,淬火后一般需在560℃之间回火3次,提高淬火温度可以增加钢的红硬性,为了提高高速钢的使用寿命,可对其表面进行强化处理。
实施例3
为本发明较优实施例中高速钢的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、预热:将原料放入中空炉或电弧炉进行预热,先在850℃预热,以免引起大的热应力,提升后续高速钢质量,然后将混料加入经过冶炼的原料中,再进行LF炉外精炼、VD真空脱气,浇铸得到电渣棒;
步骤二、渗碳:将步骤一预热后的电渣棒进行渗碳操作,采用热压烧结技术对压胚在一氧化碳的氛围中进行一次烧结,烧结温度为1050℃,保温20min,烧结压力控制在40MPa,然后将胚体在氮气氛围中进行二次烧结,烧结温度为1120℃,保温30min,烧结压力控制在40MPa,冷却后得到胚体;
步骤三、淬火:然后迅速加热到淬火温度1390℃,后油冷或空冷或充气体冷却,淬火后因内部组织还保留一部分(约30%)残余奥氏体没有转变成马氏体,影响了高速钢的性能;
步骤四、回火:为使残余奥氏体转变,进一步提高硬度和耐磨性,一般要进行3次回火,回火温度560℃,每次保温1小时。
高速钢的热处理工艺较为复杂,必须经过淬火、回火等一系列过程。淬火时由于它的导热性差一般分两阶段进行。
按高速钢中各元素重量占比进行选料,高速钢原料中按质量百分比包含如下组分:W2.0%,Mo5.0%,Cr5.0%,V1.20%,Co2.0%,C1.18%,Si0.38%,Mn0.35%,S0.05%,P0.30%,Zr2%,Cu0.15%,Ni0.20%,余量为Fe。
衡量红硬性的方法是先把钢加热至650℃,保温1小时,然后冷却,这样反复4次后测量其硬度值,高速钢的淬火温度一般均接近钢的熔点,淬火后一般需在60℃之间回火3次,提高淬火温度可以增加钢的红硬性,为了提高高速钢的使用寿命,可对其表面进行强化处理。
对比例1
本对比1采用不市场上W18Cr4V为钨系高速钢,具有高的硬度、红硬性及高温硬度,其化学成分含碳量0.75%,含钨量17.5~19%,含铬量3.80~4.4%,含钒量1.0~1.4%,含硅量小于0.4%,含锰量小于0.4%,含钼量小于0.3%。
将本发明实施例1至3与对比例1的硬度和韧性来进行对比,其中硬度和韧性可以更加准确地对材料的综合力学特性进行判定,包括以下四个具体指数:硬度HRC、抗弯强度/GPa、冲击韧性/(MJm2)和600℃时的硬度HRC,将本发明实施例1至3与对比例1对上述四个数值在实验室的标准环境下进行实验测量,结果如下表:
组别 | 硬度HRC | 抗弯强度/GPa | 冲击韧性/(MJm<sup>2</sup>) | 600℃时的硬度HRC |
实施例1 | 66 | 3.5 | 0.30 | 50.1 |
实施例2 | 65 | 3.4 | 0.35 | 48.6 |
实施例3 | 72 | 3.5 | 0.42 | 58.5 |
对比例1 | 62-65 | 3.0-3.4 | 0.18-0.32 | 48.5 |
从上表可以看出,通过实施例1-3和对比例1的综合对比,通过上述优化配方改善碳化物的分布和细化碳化物颗粒的尺寸,从而进一步提高高速钢的硬度;通过技术工艺提高了高速钢的韧性,从而解决高速钢容易发生开裂的问题。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (8)
1.高速钢的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、预热:将原料放入中空炉或电弧炉进行预热;
步骤二、渗碳:将步骤一预热后的电渣棒进行渗碳操作;
步骤三、淬火:渗碳步骤二完成后进行淬火,加热到淬火温度后将部分残余奥氏体转变成马氏体;
步骤四、回火:为使残余奥氏体转变,需要进行回火处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高速钢的制备方法,其特征在于:所述高速钢中各元素重量占比进行选料,高速钢原料中按质量百分比包含如下组分:W 1.5~2 .0%,Mo 3.25~5 .0%,Cr 4.5~5.0%,V 0.85~1.20%,Co 0.5~2.0%,C 1.10~1.18%,Si 0.22~0.38%,Mn 0.10~0.35%,S 0~0.05%,P 0~0.30%,Zr 0.5~2%,Cu 0~0.15%,Ni 0~0.20%,余量为Fe。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高速钢的制备方法,其特征在于:所述高速钢中各元素重量占比进行选料,高速钢原料中按质量百分比包含如下组分:W 2.0%,Mo 5.0%,Cr 5.0%,V1.20%,Co 2.0%,C 1.18%,Si 0.38%,Mn 0.35%,S 0.05%,P 0.30%,Zr 02%,Cu 0.15%,Ni0.20%,余量为Fe。
4.根据权利要求2所述的高速钢的制备方法,其特征在于:所述预热步骤中:先在800~850℃预热,以免引起大的热应力,然后将混料加入经过冶炼的原料中,再进行LF炉外精炼、VD真空脱气,浇铸得到电渣棒。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高速钢的制备方法,其特征在于:所述渗碳步骤中:采用热压烧结技术对压胚在一氧化碳的氛围中进行一次烧结,烧结温度为1000~1050°C,保温15~20min,烧结压力控制在20~40MPa,然后将胚体在氮气氛围中进行二次烧结,烧结温度为1100~1120°C,保温20~30min,烧结压力控制在20~40MPa,冷却后得到胚体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的高速钢的制备方法,其特征在于:所述淬火步骤中:淬火温度1290~1390℃,后油冷或空冷或充气体冷却,淬火后因内部组织还保留一部分(约30%)残余奥氏体没有转变成马氏体。
7.根据权利要求6所述的高速钢的制备方法,其特征在于:所述回火步骤中:进一步提高硬度和耐磨性,一般要进行2~3次回火,回火温度500~560℃,每次保温1小时。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高速钢的制备方法,其特征在于:所述衡量红硬性的方法是先把钢加热至580~650℃,保温1小时,然后冷却,这样反复4次后测量其硬度值,高速钢的淬火温度一般均接近钢的熔点,淬火后一般需在540~560℃之间回火3次,可对其表面进行强化处理。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211281534.7A CN115572936A (zh) | 2022-10-19 | 2022-10-19 | 高速钢及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211281534.7A CN115572936A (zh) | 2022-10-19 | 2022-10-19 | 高速钢及其制备方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN115572936A true CN115572936A (zh) | 2023-01-06 |
Family
ID=84587360
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211281534.7A Pending CN115572936A (zh) | 2022-10-19 | 2022-10-19 | 高速钢及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN115572936A (zh) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT222680B (de) * | 1960-06-17 | 1962-08-10 | Schoeller Bleckmann Stahlwerke | Verfahren zur Einsatzhärtung von Werkzeugen aus Schnellarbeitsstählen |
WO2001042524A2 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-14 | The Timken Company | Low carbon, low chromium carburizing high speed steels |
WO2006128387A1 (fr) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-07 | Dalian Rongchuang Technology Development Co., Ltd | Acier de grande vitesse ultra dur super resistant contenant du silicium et ayant une teneur elevee en carbone |
JP2017206753A (ja) * | 2016-05-20 | 2017-11-24 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 浸炭用焼結鋼、浸炭焼結部材およびそれらの製造方法 |
CN109550934A (zh) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-02 | 浙江精瑞工模具有限公司 | 一种高强度粉末高速钢的制备方法 |
CN109570487A (zh) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-05 | 浙江精瑞工模具有限公司 | 一种粉末高速钢的制备方法 |
CN114318168A (zh) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-12 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | 一种高强度高韧性碳氮复渗钢及制备方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-10-19 CN CN202211281534.7A patent/CN115572936A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT222680B (de) * | 1960-06-17 | 1962-08-10 | Schoeller Bleckmann Stahlwerke | Verfahren zur Einsatzhärtung von Werkzeugen aus Schnellarbeitsstählen |
WO2001042524A2 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-14 | The Timken Company | Low carbon, low chromium carburizing high speed steels |
WO2006128387A1 (fr) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-07 | Dalian Rongchuang Technology Development Co., Ltd | Acier de grande vitesse ultra dur super resistant contenant du silicium et ayant une teneur elevee en carbone |
JP2017206753A (ja) * | 2016-05-20 | 2017-11-24 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 浸炭用焼結鋼、浸炭焼結部材およびそれらの製造方法 |
CN109550934A (zh) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-02 | 浙江精瑞工模具有限公司 | 一种高强度粉末高速钢的制备方法 |
CN109570487A (zh) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-05 | 浙江精瑞工模具有限公司 | 一种粉末高速钢的制备方法 |
CN114318168A (zh) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-12 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | 一种高强度高韧性碳氮复渗钢及制备方法 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN102912236B (zh) | 一种高性能耐磨热作模具钢及其制备工艺 | |
CN109735777B (zh) | 一种抗氧化热作模具钢及其制备方法 | |
CN109570487B (zh) | 一种粉末高速钢的制备方法 | |
CN104152916A (zh) | 热冲压专用超高热导率耐磨模具钢热处理和等离子氮碳共渗表面处理工艺方法 | |
CN109706397A (zh) | 一种预硬型塑料模具钢及其制备方法 | |
CN110923410A (zh) | 一种高稳定性贝氏体辙叉用钢及其制备方法 | |
JP2011510175A (ja) | 高合金冷間ダイス鋼 | |
CN109182699A (zh) | 一种模具钢材的加工工艺 | |
CN104131227B (zh) | 一种低合金耐热钢钢管及制造方法 | |
CN114214567B (zh) | 一种Ni3Al金属间化合物沉淀强化的高温轴承钢及其制备方法 | |
EP3940089B1 (en) | Carburizing bearing steel and preparation method thereof | |
CN109763077A (zh) | 高硬度高耐磨性高速钢及其制备方法 | |
CN105543653A (zh) | 高强高韧高耐腐蚀塑料模具钢及生产方法 | |
CN104818432A (zh) | 一种用于汽轮机组转子的合金材料及其制备方法 | |
CN111118383A (zh) | 一种粉末钢及其制备方法 | |
CN114395738B (zh) | 一种具有高热扩散系数模具钢及其制备方法 | |
CN115572936A (zh) | 高速钢及其制备方法 | |
CN113832404B (zh) | 一种含硼高性能齿轮锻件及其生产方法 | |
CN110484830B (zh) | 一种高氮型热作模具钢及其制备方法 | |
CN112080704B (zh) | 一种高韧性高硬度的冷热兼具型模具钢及其制备方法 | |
CN114058971A (zh) | 一种超高钒高速钢及其制备方法 | |
CN114774650A (zh) | 叶片钢1Cr12Ni3Mo2VN的热处理方法 | |
CN115323276B (zh) | 一种兼具高强度及高塑性的轴承钢及其生产工艺 | |
CN114990425B (zh) | 一种废钢破碎用刀具及其制备、修复方法 | |
CN113416828B (zh) | 16-27MnCrS5圆钢制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |