CN115561718A - External field measuring device for scattering characteristics of ground clutter and target radar - Google Patents
External field measuring device for scattering characteristics of ground clutter and target radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN115561718A CN115561718A CN202211062160.XA CN202211062160A CN115561718A CN 115561718 A CN115561718 A CN 115561718A CN 202211062160 A CN202211062160 A CN 202211062160A CN 115561718 A CN115561718 A CN 115561718A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/4052—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/66—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/72—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems for two-dimensional tracking, e.g. combination of angle and range tracking, track-while-scan radar
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/418—Theoretical aspects
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- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a ground clutter and target radar scattering characteristic external field measuring device, which comprises: the emission subsystem is used for radiating the radio frequency signal to the measured object and the calibration subsystem; the antenna subsystem is used for transmitting a signal to a measured object and receiving a scattering echo signal of the measured object; the servo tracking subsystem is used for enabling the antenna to point to the measured object; the receiving subsystem is used for mixing the processed echo signals with the local array signals output by the transmitting subsystem to generate intermediate frequency signals, and the intermediate frequency signals are sampled and recorded to obtain original echo data of the measured object and the scaling subsystem; the data processing subsystem is used for processing the original echo data to obtain calibrated radar scattering characteristic data of the measured object, and checking and data extrapolation are carried out on the established clutter and target radar scattering characteristic models; and the scaling subsystem is used for receiving, modulating and transmitting the electromagnetic signals radiated by the antenna subsystem. The invention can more comprehensively obtain the radar radiation characteristic of the measured object.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radars, and particularly relates to an outfield measuring device for radar scattering characteristics of ground clutter and targets, which is used for measuring the scattering characteristics of multi-view-angle and multi-resolution radars of various types of ground clutter and targets under the outfield condition.
Background
The ground clutter radar scattering characteristic refers to characteristic information such as radar backscattering coefficients and Doppler spectrums of different types of ground with homogeneous attributes under radar observation conditions. The target radar scattering characteristics are characteristic information such as radar scattering cross sections (RCS), polarization scattering matrixes, one-dimensional range profiles and two-dimensional images of natural targets such as insects and birds and artificial targets such as buildings, vehicles and aircrafts under radar observation conditions, and are often called radar target characteristics. The measurement and analysis of clutter and target radar scattering characteristics play an important role in radar detection and tracking, target automatic identification, anti-interference performance evaluation and other applications.
Under the condition of an external field, for radars loaded on different platforms such as a ground radar, an airborne radar, a satellite-borne radar and a missile-borne radar, various elements such as different azimuth/pitch angles, polarization, frequency, broadband/narrowband, single station/double stations, time domain/frequency domain and the like and clutter and scattering characteristics of a target radar under the combination condition of the elements are required to be measured, and at present, a scatterometer and a measuring radar are adopted, or measuring equipment which is built based on a vector network analyzer in cooperation with a power amplifier, a data collector and the like is adopted. The measurement requirements of various types of measured objects and various types of elements are limited by technical systems, hardware structures and processing software of different types of measuring equipment, and the measurement of the scattering characteristics of the clutter and the target radar has the outstanding problems of limited observation angle domain, incomplete coverage of the measurement elements, long measurement period, high cost and the like, so that the acquisition and application of the data of the scattering characteristics of the clutter and the target radar are severely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of single use mode, incomplete measurement elements and limited data application of the traditional measurement equipment, and provides an external field measurement device for the scattering characteristics of ground clutter and target radar.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an external field measuring device for ground clutter and target radar scattering characteristics comprises a transmitting subsystem, an antenna subsystem, a servo tracking subsystem, a receiving subsystem, a display and control subsystem, a data processing subsystem and a calibration subsystem,
the transmitting subsystem is used for generating baseband signals, local array signals and various time reference signals according to control parameters of the display control subsystem, forming radio frequency signals by the baseband signals and the local array signals through frequency mixing filtering, amplitude adjustment and power amplification, and radiating the radio frequency signals to the measured object and the calibration subsystem through the antenna subsystem along the direction of an antenna guided by the servo tracking subsystem;
the antenna subsystem is used for transmitting signals to the measured object, receiving scattering echo signals of the measured object and the calibration subsystem and transmitting the scattering echo signals to the receiving subsystem;
the servo tracking subsystem adopts a tracking television to guide servo azimuth and pitching adjustment so that an antenna points to a measured object;
the receiving subsystem is used for amplifying and filtering the received echo signals with low noise power according to the control parameters of the display control subsystem, mixing the received echo signals with the local array signals output by the transmitting subsystem to generate intermediate frequency signals, and sampling and recording the intermediate frequency signals to obtain original echo data of the measured object and the calibration subsystem;
the data processing subsystem is used for processing the original echo data according to the control parameters of the display control subsystem to obtain calibrated radar scattering characteristic data of the measured object and performing statistical analysis; checking the established clutter and target radar scattering characteristic model and extrapolating data by using the measured data;
the display control subsystem is used for setting working parameters, displaying working states and interacting external information of the outfield measuring device;
the calibration subsystem is used for receiving, modulating and forwarding electromagnetic signals radiated by the antenna subsystem to simulate a predetermined RCS and polarized target echo.
Furthermore, the antenna subsystem adopts a receiving and transmitting separately-arranged mode, comprises a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, and is used for performing single-station and double-station measurement on the measured object through the spatial arrangement position change of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna; the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna respectively comprise orthogonal polarization antennas with a plurality of frequency bands.
Furthermore, the servo tracking subsystem comprises a servo unit, a tracking TV unit, and a north-orientation positioning unit, wherein,
the servo unit comprises an azimuth/elevation mechanism and a servo driving mechanism and is used for adjusting the pointing azimuth and the elevation large-angle range of the antenna; the azimuth/elevation mechanism is used for azimuth adjustment of antenna pointing direction and elevation adjustment of the antenna; the servo driving mechanism is used for receiving a control command issued by the display control subsystem and control information of the tracking television unit and controlling the azimuth/elevation mechanism to adjust;
the tracking television unit is used for providing image information of the tested object for an operator, realizing automatic target tracking and guiding the servo unit to drive the antenna to align to the tested object;
and the positioning north-fixing unit is used for measuring the position coordinates of the antenna and calibrating the north-righting direction of the antenna.
Furthermore, the transmitting subsystem comprises a frequency source, a baseband signal generating unit, a mixing and filtering unit, an amplitude control unit, and a power amplifying unit,
the frequency source comprises a reference frequency source and a frequency conversion unit, the reference frequency source is used for generating a reference frequency signal, and the frequency conversion unit is used for receiving the reference frequency signal, and carrying out frequency multiplication, frequency mixing and filtering on the reference frequency signal to obtain a local array signal, a synchronous signal, a trigger signal and a time reference signal;
the baseband signal generating unit is connected with the frequency conversion unit of the frequency source and used for calculating and generating digital baseband signals of different types of waveforms such as dot frequency, step frequency and linear frequency modulation according to the waveform parameters;
the frequency mixing filtering unit is connected with the frequency conversion unit of the frequency source and the baseband signal generating unit and is used for performing frequency mixing filtering on the digital baseband signal after performing digital up-conversion on the digital baseband signal and the local array signal output by the frequency source subsystem to generate a radio frequency signal;
the amplitude control unit is connected with the frequency mixing filtering unit and is used for carrying out power adjustment processing on the radio-frequency signals;
and the power amplification unit is connected with the amplitude control unit and is used for carrying out power amplification processing on the radio-frequency signal after power adjustment, and the processed radio-frequency signal is transmitted to a transmitting antenna of the antenna subsystem.
Furthermore, the receiving subsystem comprises a low noise power amplifying unit, a mixing filtering unit, and a collecting and storing unit, wherein,
the low-noise power amplification unit is used for performing power amplification on the received echo signal of the tested object;
the frequency mixing filtering unit is used for performing frequency mixing filtering on the echo signal after power amplification and the local array signal output by the transmitting subsystem to generate an intermediate frequency echo signal;
and the acquisition and storage unit is used for sampling and storing the intermediate frequency echo signals.
Furthermore, the data processing subsystem comprises a recorded data playback unit, a data storage management unit, a clutter and target radar scattering characteristic calculation unit, a radar scattering characteristic data statistical analysis unit, a clutter and target radar scattering characteristic modeling unit and a radar scattering characteristic data extrapolation unit, wherein,
the recorded data playback unit is used for carrying out migration playback on the original data recorded by the receiving subsystem;
the data storage management unit is connected with the recorded data playback unit and is used for cataloguing, storing, retrieving and managing various generated data;
the clutter and target radar scattering characteristic calculating unit is connected with the recorded data playback unit and is used for calculating radar scattering characteristic data including, but not limited to, a clutter backscattering coefficient, a target RCS, a polarization scattering matrix and a one-dimensional range profile based on the calibration data and the original echo data;
the radar scattering characteristic data statistical analysis unit is connected with the clutter and target radar scattering characteristic calculation unit and is used for carrying out fine processing including but not limited to clutter statistical modeling, RCS statistical analysis, one-dimensional distance image and ISAR image characteristic extraction on radar scattering characteristic data;
the clutter and target radar scattering characteristic modeling unit is connected with the clutter and target radar scattering characteristic calculating unit, a backscattering coefficient empirical model is established by using measured data obtained by a measured object under parameters including but not limited to discrete frequency and an incident angle, and model parameters are corrected by using a measuring result; meanwhile, establishing an electromagnetic scattering calculation model of the target by importing a target fine three-dimensional model, and correcting the electromagnetic scattering calculation model of the target based on the existing measurement data of the target to be measured;
and the radar scattering characteristic data extrapolation unit calculates clutter backscattering coefficients by using the corrected clutter empirical model, and extrapolates and acquires radar scattering characteristic data under continuous parameters based on the corrected target electromagnetic scattering calculation model.
Further, the display control subsystem comprises a display unit, a main control computer and a communication device, wherein,
the display unit displays system working parameters and working states based on display control software;
the main control computer is used for setting working parameters and monitoring the working state of each subsystem based on main control software;
and the communication equipment is used for information interaction between each subsystem and the main control computer.
Furthermore, the above-mentioned scaling subsystem is an active scaling device, which comprises an antenna unit, a receiving unit, a delay unit, a power amplifying unit, a data transmission unit, and a control unit,
the antenna unit comprises a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna which are separately arranged, and is provided with a direction and pitching direction adjusting mechanism, wherein the receiving antenna is used for receiving signals radiated by the antenna subsystem, and the transmitting antenna is used for transmitting calibration signals;
the receiving unit is used for carrying out low-noise amplification and amplitude control on the signals sent by the receiving antenna according to the control information output by the control unit;
the delay unit is used for carrying out delay processing on the signal output by the receiving unit according to the control information output by the control unit;
the power amplification unit is used for amplifying the signal output by the delay unit according to the control information output by the control unit so as to simulate the target of the preset RCS;
the data transmission unit is used for calibrating information interaction between the subsystem and the display control subsystem;
and the control unit is used for calibrating parameter setting and working state monitoring of each unit of the subsystem.
The device for measuring the external field of the ground clutter and the scattering characteristic of the target radar also comprises an auxiliary subsystem, wherein the auxiliary subsystem mainly comprises vehicle-mounted auxiliary equipment, high-tower auxiliary equipment, lift-off auxiliary equipment, double-station measuring auxiliary equipment and a power station,
the vehicle-mounted auxiliary equipment comprises a transport vehicle, a square cabin and a lifting mechanism, wherein,
the transport vehicle is used for transporting each subsystem;
the shelter is used for providing a working environment for the display control subsystem, the data processing subsystem and operators and storing the outfield measuring device;
the lifting mechanism is used for elevating an antenna subsystem, a servo tracking subsystem, a transmitting subsystem and a receiving subsystem when the outfield measuring device is used on a vehicle;
the high tower uses auxiliary equipment for the structural installation of an antenna subsystem, a servo tracking subsystem, a transmitting subsystem, a receiving subsystem and a display control subsystem when the external field measuring device is used in the high tower;
the auxiliary equipment for lift-off is used for structure installation and flying platform attitude measurement when the outfield measuring device is additionally arranged on the flying platform;
the double-station measurement auxiliary equipment is used for receiving installation and erection of the subsystem during double-station measurement of the outfield measuring device;
and the power station is used for supplying power to all subsystems of the external field measuring device.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the ground clutter and target radar scattering characteristic external field measuring device is based on a data processing framework of actual measured data verification, realizes the verification of a clutter and target radar scattering characteristic calculation model and data extrapolation based on the actual measured data, and more comprehensively obtains the radar radiation characteristic of a detected object; the radar scattering characteristic measurement device has the advantages that a modularized and miniaturized hardware structure is adopted, multiple use modes such as ground vehicle-mounted, high tower erection and air vehicle-mounted are realized, and the radar scattering characteristic measurement device can be used for measuring various ground clutter such as grasslands, forest lands, deserts, gobi, cities and the like, multiple ground targets such as tanks, automobiles and buildings and air short-distance targets such as helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles under the condition of an external field; by adopting flexible transceiving deployment and waveform design, the single/double station, wide/narrow band and time/frequency domain measurement of the radar scattering characteristic of the measured object can be realized; by adopting the design of the multi-band and orthogonal polarization antenna, the wide-band and full-polarization measurement of the scattering characteristic of the radar of the measured object can be realized, and the method has good popularization and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an external field measurement device for measuring scattering characteristics of ground clutter and target radar according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the servo tracking subsystem of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the transmission subsystem of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the receiving subsystem of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the data processing subsystem of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the targeting subsystem of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of single station measurement of ground clutter and ground target radar scattering characteristics in an on-board use mode;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a single-station measurement of airborne target radar scattering characteristics in a vehicle-mounted use mode;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of single station survey ground clutter and ground target radar scattering characteristics in a high tower setup mode;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a single station survey of ground clutter and ground target radar scattering characteristics in an airborne use mode;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of two-station measurement of ground clutter and ground target radar scattering characteristics in an on-board use mode.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, an external field measuring device for measuring scattering characteristics of ground clutter and target radar comprises an antenna subsystem, a servo tracking subsystem, a transmitting subsystem, a receiving subsystem, a display and control subsystem, a data processing subsystem and a calibration subsystem,
the transmitting subsystem is used for generating a baseband signal, a local array signal and various time reference signals according to control parameters of the display control subsystem, carrying out frequency mixing and filtering on the baseband signal after carrying out digital up-conversion and the local array signal to generate a low-power radio frequency excitation signal, carrying out amplitude adjustment and power amplification on the low-power radio frequency excitation signal to form a radio frequency signal, transmitting the radio frequency signal to the antenna subsystem, pointing along an antenna guided by the servo tracking subsystem, and radiating to a measured object and the calibration subsystem through the antenna subsystem;
the antenna subsystem is used for transmitting signals to the measured object, receiving scattering echo signals of the measured object and the calibration subsystem and transmitting the scattering echo signals to the receiving subsystem;
the servo tracking subsystem adopts a tracking television to guide servo azimuth and pitching adjustment so that an antenna points to a measured object;
the receiving subsystem is used for amplifying and filtering the received echo signals with low noise power according to the control parameters of the display control subsystem, mixing the received echo signals with the local array signals output by the transmitting subsystem to generate intermediate frequency signals, and sampling and recording the intermediate frequency signals to obtain original echo data of the measured object and the calibration subsystem;
the data processing subsystem is used for calculating clutter backscattering coefficients and radar scattering characteristics including but not limited to a target RCS, a polarization scattering matrix and a one-dimensional range profile for original echo data output by the receiving subsystem according to control parameters of the display control subsystem, obtaining calibrated radar scattering characteristic data of the measured object, and performing statistical analysis; checking the established clutter and target radar scattering characteristic model and extrapolating data by using the measured data;
the display control subsystem is used for setting working parameters, displaying working states and interacting external information of the external field measuring device;
and the calibration subsystem is used for receiving, modulating and transmitting the electromagnetic signal scattered by the measured object so as to simulate the target echo with preset RCS and polarization.
The antenna subsystem comprises a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna which are separately arranged, and is used for carrying out single-station and double-station measurement on the measured object through the spatial arrangement position change of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna; the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna respectively comprise orthogonal polarization antennas with a plurality of frequency bands, the working frequency covers two frequency bands of 8 GHz-18 GHz and 34 GHz-36 GHz, each frequency band adopts an orthogonal polarization horn antenna, and the cross polarization isolation degree is superior to 20dB; the gain of the 8 GHz-18 GHz antenna in the transmitting antenna is better than 25dB, and the gain of the 34GHz-36 GHz antenna is better than 35dB.
As shown in fig. 2, the servo tracking subsystem includes a servo unit, a tracking tv unit, and a north-orientation positioning unit, wherein,
the servo unit comprises an azimuth/elevation mechanism and a servo driving mechanism connected with the azimuth/elevation mechanism, and is used for adjusting the pointing azimuth and the elevation large-angle range of the antenna, so that the adjustment of the pointing azimuth of the antenna within the range of 0-360 degrees and the adjustment of the elevation-80 degrees are realized, and the maximum tracking angular speed is not less than 20 degrees/s; the azimuth/elevation mechanism is used for adjusting the direction of the antenna and the elevation direction; the servo driving mechanism is used for receiving a control instruction issued by the display control subsystem and controlling the azimuth/elevation mechanism to adjust;
the tracking television unit is used for providing visible light image information of the tested object for an operator, realizing automatic target tracking based on a digital image processing method, and guiding the servo unit to drive the antenna to align to the tested object, wherein the tracking precision is better than 0.2 degrees;
the positioning north-fixing unit is used for measuring the position coordinates of the antenna and calibrating the north-righting direction of the antenna, the positioning accuracy is better than 10m, and the north-fixing accuracy is better than 0.1 degree.
As shown in fig. 3, the transmitting subsystem includes two frequency bands of 8 GHz-18 GHz and 34 GHz-36 GHz, each of which includes a frequency source, a baseband signal generating unit, a mixing filter unit, an amplitude control unit, and a power amplifying unit, wherein,
the frequency source comprises a reference frequency source and a frequency conversion unit, the reference frequency source is used for generating a reference frequency signal, and a high-stability and low-phase-noise 100MHz crystal oscillator is adopted; the frequency conversion unit is used for receiving a reference frequency signal, and performing frequency multiplication, frequency mixing and filtering on the reference frequency signal to obtain a local array signal, a synchronous signal, a trigger signal and a time reference signal; through the adjustment of the signals, the flexible adjustment of the center frequency, the pulse width and the pulse repetition frequency of the transmitted signals is realized;
the baseband signal generating unit is connected with the frequency conversion unit of the frequency source and used for calculating and generating digital baseband signals of different types of waveforms such as dot frequency, step frequency and linear frequency modulation according to the waveform parameters; the dot frequency signal and the narrow-band LFM signal are used for measuring clutter backscattering coefficients, a target RCS and a polarization scattering matrix, and the step frequency signal and the wide-band LFM signal are used for measuring a target one-dimensional range profile and an ISAR image; the signal bandwidth covers 1 MHz-600 MHz, and the pulse width covers 0.2-50 mus;
the frequency mixing filtering unit is connected with the frequency conversion unit of the frequency source and the baseband signal generating unit and is used for performing frequency mixing filtering on the digital baseband signal after performing digital up-conversion and the local array signal output by the frequency source to generate a radio frequency signal;
the amplitude control unit is connected with the frequency mixing filtering unit and is used for carrying out power adjustment processing on the radio-frequency signals;
the power amplification unit is connected with the amplitude control unit and is used for performing power amplification processing on the radio-frequency signal after power adjustment, and the processed radio-frequency signal is transmitted to a transmitting antenna of the antenna subsystem in two paths;
as shown in fig. 4, the receiving subsystem includes two sub-sets of 8 GHz-18 GHz and 34 GHz-36 GHz bands, each sub-set includes two orthogonal polarization receiving channels, and a single channel includes a low noise power amplifying unit, a mixing filtering unit, and a collecting and storing unit, wherein,
the low-noise power amplification unit is used for performing power amplification on the received echo signal of the tested object;
the frequency mixing filtering unit is used for performing frequency mixing filtering on the echo signal after power amplification and the local array signal output by the transmitting subsystem to generate an intermediate frequency echo signal;
and the acquisition and storage unit is used for sampling and storing the intermediate frequency echo signal so as to be used for subsequent data processing and analysis.
The invention relates to an external field measuring device for ground clutter and target radar scattering characteristics, which is used for transmitting local array signals and synchronous signals required by a receiving subsystem from a transmitting subsystem through optical fiber transmission equipment when a measured object is measured in a double-station mode.
As shown in fig. 5, the data processing subsystem includes a recorded data playback unit, a data storage management unit, a clutter and target radar scattering characteristic calculation unit, a radar scattering characteristic data statistical analysis unit, a clutter and target radar scattering characteristic modeling unit, and a radar scattering characteristic data extrapolation unit, wherein,
the recorded data playback unit is used for migrating and playing back the original data recorded by the receiving subsystem;
the data storage management unit is connected with the recorded data playback unit and is used for cataloguing, storing, retrieving and managing various generated data;
the clutter and target radar scattering characteristic calculating unit is connected with the recorded data playback unit and is used for calculating radar scattering characteristic data including but not limited to a clutter backscattering coefficient, a target RCS, a polarization scattering matrix, a one-dimensional range profile and an ISAR image based on the calibration data and the original echo data;
the radar scattering characteristic data statistical analysis unit is connected with the clutter and target radar scattering characteristic calculation unit and is used for performing clutter amplitude statistical modeling and goodness-of-fit inspection on radar scattering characteristic data, performing statistical analysis on a target RCS maximum value, a minimum value, an average value, a median and the like, and performing fine processing such as one-dimensional distance image of the target based on an attribute scattering center model and ISAR image feature extraction;
the clutter and target radar scattering characteristic modeling unit is connected with the clutter and target radar scattering characteristic calculating unit, and is used for establishing classic and custom backscattering coefficient empirical models such as GIT (general information technology), ulaby (ultra-wideband) and the like by utilizing measured data of a measured object under parameters including but not limited to discrete frequency and incident angle aiming at different types of small-range local homogeneous areas such as deserts, gobi, grasslands, cities and forest lands, and correcting model parameters by utilizing a measuring result; meanwhile, establishing an electromagnetic scattering calculation model of the target by importing a target fine three-dimensional model, and correcting the electromagnetic scattering calculation model of the target based on the existing measurement data of the target to be measured;
the radar scattering characteristic data extrapolation unit calculates clutter backscattering coefficients by using the corrected clutter empirical model, calculates electromagnetic scattering characteristic data of a target RCS, a polarization scattering matrix, a one-dimensional range profile, an ISAR image and the like by using a physical optics method, a bounce ray method and the like based on the corrected target electromagnetic scattering calculation model, and accordingly extrapolates and acquires radar scattering characteristic data under continuous parameters by a theoretical modeling method based on measured data obtained under parameters of discrete frequency, an incident angle and the like.
The display control subsystem comprises a display unit, a main control computer and a communication device, wherein,
the display unit displays a human-computer interaction interface through a display, and realizes the display of system working parameters and working states in the modes of images, lists and the like based on display control software;
the main control computer adopts a main stream industrial control computer and is used for operating display control software, converting working parameters of input equipment such as a mouse, a keyboard and keys of an operator into system control information, receiving working state information returned by each subsystem and displaying the working state information to the operator through a display unit;
and the communication equipment is used for receiving the working state information returned by each subsystem and the external guide information transmitted by the external guide equipment and transmitting the information to the main control computer.
As shown in fig. 6, the calibration subsystem is an active calibration device, and is used for simulating a cooperative target to implement radiation calibration of measurement data, where the operating frequency range covers 8 GHz-18 GHz and 34 GHz-36 GHz; comprises an antenna unit, a receiving unit, a delay unit, a power amplifying unit, a data transmission unit and a control unit, wherein,
the antenna unit comprises a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna which are separately arranged, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are in the form of dual-linear polarization horn antennas and are provided with direction and pitching direction adjusting mechanisms, the receiving antenna is used for receiving signals transmitted by the antenna subsystem, and the transmitting antenna is used for transmitting calibration signals;
the receiving unit is used for carrying out low-noise power amplification and amplitude control on the signals output by the antenna unit according to the parameter setting of the control unit and then transmitting the signals to the delay unit;
the delay unit is used for carrying out delay processing on the signal output by the receiving unit according to the parameter setting of the control unit so as to eliminate the influence of the near-earth echo; the delay time is changed in the interval of 5-30 mus;
the power amplifying unit is used for receiving the delayed signals, amplifying the signals output by the delay unit according to the parameter setting of the control unit, and radiating the signals by the transmitting antenna, thereby simulating RCS 0.1m 2 ～10m 2 The target of (1);
the data transmission unit receives a control instruction of the display control subsystem in a wireless mode and transmits the working state of the calibration subsystem to the display control subsystem;
and the control unit is used for calibrating parameter setting and working state monitoring of each unit of the subsystem.
The external field measuring device for the scattering characteristics of the ground clutter and the target radar further comprises an auxiliary subsystem, and supports such as structural installation, position attitude measurement, power supply and the like are provided for vehicle-mounted lifting use, high tower construction use, lift-off loading use and double-station measurement of the external field measuring device according to the type of a measured object and an actual measurement environment; the auxiliary subsystem mainly comprises vehicle-mounted auxiliary equipment, high tower auxiliary equipment, lift-off auxiliary equipment, double-station measuring auxiliary equipment and a power station,
the vehicle-mounted auxiliary equipment comprises a transport vehicle, a square cabin and a lifting mechanism, wherein,
the transport vehicle is used for transporting each subsystem;
the shelter is used for providing a working environment for the display control subsystem, the data processing subsystem and operators and storing the outfield measuring device;
the lifting mechanism is used for elevating an antenna subsystem, a servo tracking subsystem, a transmitting subsystem and a receiving subsystem when the outfield measuring device is used on a vehicle;
the high tower uses auxiliary equipment for the structural installation of an antenna subsystem, a servo tracking subsystem, a transmitting subsystem, a receiving subsystem and a display control subsystem when the external field measuring device is used in the high tower;
the auxiliary equipment for lift-off comprises an additional structural part and attitude measurement equipment, and is used for structural installation and attitude measurement of a flying platform when an outfield measurement device is additionally arranged on the flying platform such as an airplane, an airship and the like;
the double-station measurement auxiliary equipment is a simple erecting device consisting of a movable cart and a tripod and is used for receiving installation and erection of the subsystem during double-station measurement of the outfield measurement device;
and the power station is used for supplying power to all subsystems of the outfield measuring device.
The invention relates to an external field measuring device for ground clutter and target radar scattering characteristics, which has multiple use modes such as vehicle-mounted lifting, high tower erection, lifting loading and the like according to different measuring objects and ground clearance angle requirements, and has a single/double-station measuring function, and the single/double-station measuring function is respectively shown in figures 7-11. Under different use modes, the flows of generation, transmission, reception, recording and processing of measurement signals are basically the same, and the main difference is that the spatial arrangement forms of the transmitting and receiving antennas are different for different measured objects.
As shown in fig. 7, the external field measuring device for ground clutter and target radar scattering characteristics of the present invention uses a vehicle-mounted usage mode to perform single-station measurement of ground clutter and ground target radar scattering characteristics, and uses auxiliary equipment to transport, install and erect various subsystem equipment through a vehicle of an auxiliary subsystem; lifting an antenna subsystem, a servo tracking subsystem, a transmitting subsystem and a receiving subsystem to a certain height by using a double-scissor fork lifting device, wherein the lifting height is changed between 2m and 10 m; the ground wiping angle of the antenna relative to the measured object is not more than 1.5 degrees; the calibration subsystem is arranged near the measured object; an operator guides an antenna to point to a measured object through the servo tracking subsystem, and sets measuring parameters such as frequency, pulse width, signal bandwidth, waveform and the like through the display control subsystem to radiate measuring signals to the measured object and the calibration subsystem; the calibration subsystem receives the measurement signal, delays and modulates the measurement signal and then forwards a calibration signal; the receiving subsystem receives and records the echo and the calibration signal of the tested object; and the data processing subsystem processes the recorded original data to obtain radar scattering characteristic data of the measured object, performs statistical analysis on the radar scattering characteristic data as required, and performs modeling, check sum data extrapolation of clutter and target radar scattering characteristics.
As shown in fig. 8, when the ground clutter and target radar scattering characteristic external field measuring device of the present invention adopts a vehicle-mounted usage mode to perform single-station measurement of the scattering characteristic of the aerial target radar, the installation and deployment forms of the subsystems are the same as those shown in fig. 7; the servo tracking subsystem tracks the air flying target by utilizing a tracking television unit, or tracks the target by receiving external guide information through the display control subsystem, and the antenna subsystem, the transmitting subsystem and the receiving subsystem measure the air target; then, the servo tracking subsystem drives the antenna subsystem to point to the calibration subsystem, and calibration data are obtained through the calibration subsystem; and after the measurement is finished, the data processing subsystem processes the original data, the calibration data and attitude data recorded by the aerial target by self measurement to obtain radar scattering characteristic data of the aerial target.
As shown in fig. 9, when the external field measuring device for ground clutter and target radar scattering characteristics of the present invention adopts a high tower installation mode to perform single-station measurement of ground clutter and ground target radar scattering characteristics, the high tower of the auxiliary subsystem is used to install and erect an antenna subsystem, a servo tracking subsystem, a transmitting subsystem, a receiving subsystem, a display control subsystem, and other devices on a high tower; the height of the high tower is 150m, and when the measured object is 250 m-2500 m away from the bottom of the high tower, the ground wiping angle is changed between 3.5-40 degrees; the high tower is arranged and used, the problems that the lifting height is limited and the ground wiping angle is difficult to increase in a vehicle-mounted use mode are solved, and the tested object is required to move conveniently.
As shown in fig. 10, when the ground clutter and the target radar scattering characteristic external field measuring device measures the ground clutter and the ground target radar scattering characteristic at a single station in the lift-off use mode, the auxiliary device for lift-off use of the auxiliary subsystem is utilized, and attitude measuring devices in an antenna subsystem, a servo tracking subsystem, a transmitting subsystem, a receiving subsystem and the auxiliary device for lift-off use of the auxiliary subsystem are additionally arranged on flight platforms such as an airship and perform information interaction such as control instructions and working states through an airship-mounted data transmission device, a ground measurement and control station and a display and control subsystem of the airship; the airship flies according to a planned air route in advance, the servo tracking subsystem guides or presets ground coordinates to measure a backscattering coefficient, an RCS (residual cyclic redundancy standard), a polarization scattering matrix and a one-dimensional distance image of a ground or a designated target, and the calibration subsystem obtains calibration data; and after the flight is finished, the data processing subsystem carries out processing analysis, model verification and data extrapolation on the original data recorded by the receiving subsystem on the boat.
As shown in fig. 11, when the ground clutter and the target radar scattering characteristic external field measuring device of the present invention measures the ground clutter and the ground target radar scattering characteristic in a dual-station mode, an antenna subsystem, a servo tracking subsystem, a transmitting subsystem, etc. are lifted to a certain height by using a dual-scissor lifting type device in an auxiliary device for vehicle use of an auxiliary subsystem, a receiving subsystem is installed on a simple erecting device, and a predetermined geometric relationship is formed between a receiving antenna, a transmitting antenna and a measured object; the local array signal and the synchronous signal output by the transmitting subsystem are subjected to electro-optical conversion, transmitted to the receiving subsystem through optical fibers and subjected to photoelectric conversion so as to be used for the receiving subsystem to carry out down-conversion and time synchronization on the received echo signal; the receiving subsystem receives and records the echo signal and the calibration signal of the object to be measured; the data processing subsystem processes and analyzes original data recorded by the receiving subsystem on the boat to obtain radar target characteristic data such as a double-station backscattering coefficient, RCS (residual cyclic redundancy syndrome), a polarization scattering matrix and the like of the measured object, performs statistical analysis on the double-station radar scattering characteristic data as required, and performs modeling, checking and data extrapolation of clutter and target double-station radar scattering characteristics.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a clutter and target radar scattering characteristic external field measuring device which characterized by: it comprises a transmitting subsystem, an antenna subsystem, a servo tracking subsystem, a receiving subsystem, a display and control subsystem, a data processing subsystem and a scaling subsystem, wherein,
the transmitting subsystem is used for generating baseband signals, local array signals and various time reference signals according to control parameters of the display control subsystem, forming radio frequency signals by the baseband signals and the local array signals through frequency mixing filtering, amplitude adjustment and power amplification, and radiating the radio frequency signals to the measured object and the calibration subsystem through the antenna subsystem along the direction of an antenna guided by the servo tracking subsystem;
the antenna subsystem is used for transmitting signals to the measured object, receiving scattering echo signals of the measured object and the calibration subsystem and transmitting the scattering echo signals to the receiving subsystem;
the servo tracking subsystem adopts a tracking television to guide servo azimuth and pitching adjustment so that an antenna points to a measured object;
the receiving subsystem is used for amplifying and filtering the received echo signals with low noise power according to the control parameters of the display control subsystem, mixing the received echo signals with the local array signals output by the transmitting subsystem to generate intermediate frequency signals, and sampling and recording the intermediate frequency signals to obtain original echo data of the measured object and the scaling subsystem;
the data processing subsystem is used for processing the original echo data according to the control parameters of the display control subsystem to obtain calibrated radar scattering characteristic data of the measured object and performing statistical analysis; checking the established clutter and target radar scattering characteristic model and extrapolating data by using the measured data;
the display control subsystem is used for setting working parameters, displaying working states and interacting external information of the outfield measuring device;
the calibration subsystem is used for receiving, modulating and forwarding electromagnetic signals radiated by the antenna subsystem to simulate a predetermined RCS and polarized target echo.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the means for measuring the external field of ground clutter and target radar scattering characteristics comprises: the antenna subsystem adopts a receiving and transmitting separately-arranged mode and comprises a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, and is used for carrying out single-station and double-station measurement on a measured object through the space arrangement position change of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna; the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna respectively comprise orthogonal polarization antennas with a plurality of frequency bands.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to measure the external field of the scattering characteristics of the ground clutter and the target radar: the servo tracking subsystem comprises a servo unit, a tracking TV unit, and a north-orientation positioning unit,
the servo unit comprises an azimuth/elevation mechanism and a servo driving mechanism and is used for adjusting the pointing azimuth and the elevation large-angle range of the antenna; the azimuth/elevation mechanism is used for adjusting the azimuth of the antenna direction and adjusting the elevation direction of the antenna; the servo driving mechanism is used for receiving a control instruction issued by the display control subsystem and control information of the tracking television unit and controlling the azimuth/elevation mechanism to adjust;
the tracking television unit is used for providing image information of the tested object for an operator, realizing automatic target tracking and guiding the servo unit to drive the antenna to align to the tested object;
and the positioning north-fixing unit is used for measuring the position coordinates of the antenna and calibrating the north-righting direction of the antenna.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to measure the external field of the scattering characteristics of the ground clutter and the target radar: the transmitting subsystem comprises a frequency source, a baseband signal generating unit, a mixing filtering unit, an amplitude control unit, and a power amplifying unit,
the frequency source comprises a reference frequency source and a frequency conversion unit, the reference frequency source is used for generating a reference frequency signal, and the frequency conversion unit is used for receiving the reference frequency signal, and carrying out frequency multiplication, frequency mixing and filtering on the reference frequency signal to obtain a local array signal, a synchronous signal, a trigger signal and a time reference signal;
the baseband signal generating unit is connected with the frequency conversion unit of the frequency source and used for calculating and generating digital baseband signals of different types of waveforms such as dot frequency, step frequency and linear frequency modulation according to the waveform parameters;
the frequency mixing filtering unit is connected with the frequency conversion unit of the frequency source and the baseband signal generating unit and is used for performing frequency mixing filtering on the digital baseband signal after performing digital up-conversion on the digital baseband signal and the local array signal output by the frequency source subsystem to generate a radio frequency signal;
the amplitude control unit is connected with the frequency mixing filtering unit and is used for carrying out power adjustment processing on the radio frequency signal;
and the power amplification unit is connected with the amplitude control unit and is used for carrying out power amplification processing on the radio-frequency signal after power adjustment, and the processed radio-frequency signal is transmitted to a transmitting antenna of the antenna subsystem.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to measure the external field of the scattering characteristics of the ground clutter and the target radar: the receiving subsystem comprises a low noise power amplifying unit, a mixing filtering unit, and a collecting and storing unit,
the low-noise power amplification unit is used for performing power amplification on the received echo signal of the tested object;
the frequency mixing filtering unit is used for performing frequency mixing filtering on the echo signal after power amplification and the local array signal output by the transmitting subsystem to generate an intermediate frequency echo signal;
and the acquisition and storage unit is used for sampling and storing the intermediate frequency echo signal.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to measure the external field of the scattering characteristics of the ground clutter and the target radar: the data processing subsystem comprises a recorded data playback unit, a data storage management unit, a clutter and target radar scattering characteristic calculation unit, a radar scattering characteristic data statistical analysis unit, a clutter and target radar scattering characteristic modeling unit and a radar scattering characteristic data extrapolation unit, wherein,
the recorded data playback unit is used for migrating and playing back the original data recorded by the receiving subsystem;
the data storage management unit is connected with the recorded data playback unit and is used for cataloguing, storing, retrieving and managing various generated data;
the clutter and target radar scattering characteristic calculating unit is connected with the recorded data playback unit and is used for calculating radar scattering characteristic data including but not limited to a clutter backscattering coefficient, a target RCS, a polarization scattering matrix and a one-dimensional range profile based on the calibration data and the original echo data;
the radar scattering characteristic data statistical analysis unit is connected with the clutter and target radar scattering characteristic calculation unit and is used for carrying out fine processing including but not limited to clutter statistical modeling, RCS statistical analysis, one-dimensional distance image and ISAR image characteristic extraction on radar scattering characteristic data;
the clutter and target radar scattering characteristic modeling unit is connected with the clutter and target radar scattering characteristic calculating unit, a backscattering coefficient empirical model is established by using measured data obtained by a measured object under parameters including but not limited to discrete frequency and an incident angle, and model parameters are corrected by using a measuring result; meanwhile, establishing an electromagnetic scattering calculation model of the target by importing a target fine three-dimensional model, and correcting the electromagnetic scattering calculation model of the target based on the existing measurement data of the target to be measured;
and the radar scattering characteristic data extrapolation unit calculates clutter backscattering coefficients by using the corrected clutter empirical model, and extrapolates and acquires radar scattering characteristic data under continuous parameters based on the corrected target electromagnetic scattering calculation model.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to measure the external field of the scattering characteristics of the ground clutter and the target radar: the display control subsystem comprises a display unit, a main control computer and a communication device, wherein,
the display unit displays system working parameters and working states based on display control software;
the main control computer is used for setting working parameters and monitoring the working state of each subsystem based on main control software;
and the communication equipment is used for information interaction between each subsystem and the main control computer.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to measure the external field of the scattering characteristics of the ground clutter and the target radar: the scaling subsystem is an active scaling device, which comprises an antenna unit, a receiving unit, a delay unit, a power amplifying unit, a data transmission unit and a control unit,
the antenna unit comprises a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna which are separately arranged, and is provided with a direction and pitching direction adjusting mechanism, wherein the receiving antenna is used for receiving signals radiated by the antenna subsystem, and the transmitting antenna is used for transmitting calibration signals;
the receiving unit is used for carrying out low-noise amplification and amplitude control on the signals sent by the receiving antenna according to the control information output by the control unit;
the delay unit is used for carrying out delay processing on the signal output by the receiving unit according to the control information output by the control unit;
the power amplification unit is used for amplifying the signal output by the delay unit according to the control information output by the control unit so as to simulate the target of the preset RCS;
the data transmission unit is used for calibrating information interaction between the subsystem and the display control subsystem;
and the control unit is used for calibrating parameter setting and working state monitoring of each unit of the subsystem.
9. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to measure the external field of the scattering characteristics of the ground clutter and the target radar: the system also comprises an auxiliary subsystem, wherein the auxiliary subsystem mainly comprises vehicle-mounted auxiliary equipment, high tower auxiliary equipment, lift-off auxiliary equipment, double-station measurement auxiliary equipment and a power station,
the vehicle-mounted auxiliary equipment comprises a transport vehicle, a square cabin and a lifting mechanism, wherein,
the transport vehicle is used for transporting each subsystem;
the shelter is used for providing a working environment for the display control subsystem, the data processing subsystem and operators and storing the outfield measuring device;
the lifting mechanism is used for elevating an antenna subsystem, a servo tracking subsystem, a transmitting subsystem and a receiving subsystem when the outfield measuring device is used on a vehicle;
the high tower uses auxiliary equipment for the structural installation of an antenna subsystem, a servo tracking subsystem, a transmitting subsystem, a receiving subsystem and a display control subsystem when the external field measuring device is used in the high tower;
the auxiliary equipment for lift-off is used for structure installation and flying platform attitude measurement when the outfield measuring device is additionally arranged on the flying platform;
the double-station measurement auxiliary equipment is used for receiving installation and erection of the subsystem during double-station measurement of the outfield measuring device;
and the power station is used for supplying power to all subsystems of the outfield measuring device.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115993584A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-04-21 | 北京理工大学 | Large-pitching angle radar scattering cross section data measurement system and measurement method thereof |
| CN117665412A (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-03-08 | 成都世源频控技术股份有限公司 | Radar simulator for simulating complex electromagnetic environment |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115993584A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-04-21 | 北京理工大学 | Large-pitching angle radar scattering cross section data measurement system and measurement method thereof |
| CN117665412A (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-03-08 | 成都世源频控技术股份有限公司 | Radar simulator for simulating complex electromagnetic environment |
| CN117665412B (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-04-19 | 成都世源频控技术股份有限公司 | Radar simulator for simulating complex electromagnetic environment |
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