CN115553401A - Additive for preventing intestinal injury of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco induced by rapeseed oil and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Additive for preventing intestinal injury of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco induced by rapeseed oil and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115553401A CN115553401A CN202211275455.5A CN202211275455A CN115553401A CN 115553401 A CN115553401 A CN 115553401A CN 202211275455 A CN202211275455 A CN 202211275455A CN 115553401 A CN115553401 A CN 115553401A
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- pelteobagrus fulvidraco
- juvenile
- rapeseed oil
- fish
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Images
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/11—Pteridophyta or Filicophyta (ferns)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention discloses an additive for preventing intestinal injury of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco induced by rapeseed oil and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fish feed. According to the mass percentage, every 100g of the additive comprises 30-50g of Chinese herbal medicine components, 10-20g of sodium alginate and the balance of carrier; wherein the Chinese herbal medicine components comprise spora Lygodii and caulis Lonicerae. The additive can remarkably improve the intestinal tract tissue structure damage caused by rapeseed oil replacing fish oil, prevent intestinal tract damage of pelteobagrus fulvidraco juvenile fish caused by the rapeseed oil replacing the fish oil, and ensure that the growth and health of a fish body are not influenced by the rapeseed oil replacing the fish oil. The preparation method of the additive is simple and easy to operate. The additive is used for preparing the feed for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, so that the use of fish oil and the cost of the feed can be reduced on the premise of ensuring the healthy growth of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish feed, and particularly relates to an additive for preventing intestinal injury of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco induced by rapeseed oil, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Fish oil has been favored as a high quality fat source for aquatic feeds. In recent years, the supply of fish oil is reduced year by year due to the exhaustion of fishery resources, the price of the fish oil is high all the time, and the fish oil is continuously maintained at a high level, so that aquatic feed production enterprises pay more and more attention to fat sources with development prospects.
Because of its high yield, rapeseed oil is low in price and low in organic pollutant content compared with fish oil, and has become a research focus for replacing fish oil in recent years. Researches of scholars show that partial replacement of fish oil by rapeseed oil in salmon and rainbow trout has no significant influence on growth and health degree of the salmon and the rainbow trout, but researches also show that the replacement of the fish oil by the rapeseed oil seriously influences the healthy growth of the fishes.
The yellow catfish belongs to the class of bony ichthyophthirae, the order of catfish, the family of pseudobagrus, the genus of pseudobagrus, common galbanus, the seeds of Nibea albiflora, the yellow wax dices, the yellow bone fish and the like, has tender meat quality, no muscle bones, delicious taste and rich nutrition, and has nourishing and medicinal values. In a long period in the past, pelteobagrus fulvidraco sold in the market is mainly caught by nature, but the individual pelteobagrus fulvidraco is small, the growth speed is slow, and the yield of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco growing in a natural water area is limited. In recent years, with the increasing market demand and the mature application of artificial propagation technology and feed nutrition technology, the artificial breeding scale of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is rapidly developed.
The juvenile stage of the yellow catfish mainly comprises the steps of feeding fresh and live biological baits, artificial compound feeds need to be fed in the process of early juvenile fish cultivation, and the maintenance of the intestinal health of the yellow catfish is one of the key factors for improving the survival rate of the yellow catfish. Because fish oil is of great significance as a high-quality fat source for maintaining intestinal health, fish oil and soybean oil are usually used as fat sources for preparing feeds in actual production. Researches show that the intestinal structure of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco is changed due to the fact that high-proportion rapeseed oil replaces fish oil, and the intestinal structure is one of main factors that the high-proportion rapeseed oil cannot replace the fish oil. Therefore, a specific nutrition regulation method needs to be found to solve the key technical problem.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide an additive for preventing intestinal injury of pelteobagrus fulvidraco juvenile fish induced by rapeseed oil so as to solve the technical problems.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the additive.
The invention also aims to provide a juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed which is prepared from the raw materials and contains the additive.
The invention can be realized as follows:
according to the first aspect, the invention provides an additive for preventing intestinal injury of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco induced by rapeseed oil, wherein each 100g of the additive comprises 30-50g of Chinese herbal medicine components, 10-20g of sodium alginate and the balance of a carrier in percentage by mass;
wherein the Chinese herbal medicine components comprise spora Lygodii and caulis Lonicerae.
In an optional embodiment, each 100g of the additive comprises 40g of Chinese herbal medicine components, 15g of sodium alginate and the balance of carrier.
In an alternative embodiment, the mass ratio of lygodium japonicum to honeysuckle stem is 1.
In an alternative embodiment, the mass ratio of lygodium japonicum to honeysuckle stem is 1.
In an alternative embodiment, the carrier is sepiolite.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above additive, comprising the steps of: mixing the Chinese herbal medicine components, the sodium alginate and the carrier according to the proportion.
In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises pulverizing and sieving the herbal ingredients, sodium alginate, and carrier prior to mixing.
In an alternative embodiment, the crushed material is passed through a 200-400 μm sizing screen.
In an alternative embodiment, the meal is passed through a 300 μm sieve.
In an alternative embodiment, the drying step is carried out prior to the pulverization step.
In an alternative embodiment, the moisture content of the dried herbal ingredients is no more than 5wt%.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, which contains the additive in the preparation raw materials, and also contains soybean oil and rapeseed oil, and the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed does not contain fish oil.
In an optional embodiment, the pelteobagrus fulvidraco juvenile fish feed contains soybean oil and rapeseed oil in a mass ratio of 1.
In an optional embodiment, the additive is added into the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed in an amount of 0.05-0.2wt%.
In an alternative embodiment, the additive is added into the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed in an amount of 0.1wt%.
The beneficial effect of this application includes:
according to the application, the additive is obtained by matching Chinese herbal medicine components containing lygodium japonicum and honeysuckle stem with sodium alginate and a carrier according to a specific ratio, so that the damage of intestinal tract tissue structures caused by the rapeseed oil replacing fish oil can be obviously improved, the effect of intestinal tract damage of pelteobagrus fulvidraco juvenile fish caused by the rapeseed oil replacing the fish oil is prevented, and the growth and health of a fish body are not influenced by the rapeseed oil replacing the fish oil. The preparation method of the additive is simple and easy to operate. The additive is used for preparing the feed for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, so that the use of fish oil and the cost of the feed can be reduced on the premise of ensuring the healthy growth of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a view showing the structure of intestinal tissues of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco corresponding to the normal group in the experimental example of the present application;
fig. 2 is a structure diagram of intestinal tissues of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco corresponding to test group 1 in the test example of the present application;
fig. 3 is a view showing the structure of intestinal tissues of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco corresponding to the test group 2 in the test example of the present application;
fig. 4 is a view showing the structure of intestinal tissues of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco corresponding to test group 3 in the test example of the present application;
fig. 5 is a view showing a structure of intestinal tissues of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco corresponding to a control group in the experimental example of the present application;
fig. 6 is a structure diagram of intestinal tissues of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco corresponding to the comparative group 1 in the test example of the present application;
fig. 7 is a view showing a structure of intestinal tissues of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco corresponding to the comparison group 2 in the experimental example of the present application;
fig. 8 is a view showing a structure of intestinal tissues of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco corresponding to the comparison group 3 in the test example of the present application;
fig. 9 is a view showing a structure of intestinal tissues of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco corresponding to the comparative group 4 in the test example of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The additive for preventing intestinal injury of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco induced by rapeseed oil and the preparation method and application thereof are specifically explained below.
The inventor proposes that: the high rapeseed oil replacing fish oil can induce intestinal canal structure change of pelteobagrus fulvidraco juvenile fish, cause intestinal canal flora disorder and intestinal canal inflammation of fish bodies, and reduce absorption of nutrient substances.
Based on the above, the invention provides an additive for preventing intestinal injury of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco induced by rapeseed oil, wherein each 100g of the additive comprises 30-50g of Chinese herbal medicine components, 10-20g of sodium alginate and the balance of carrier in percentage by mass.
For reference, the amount of the herbal ingredients included in the additive per 100g may be 30g, 32g, 35g, 38g, 40g, 42g, 45g, 48g, or 50g, etc., or any other value within the range of 30-50 g.
The amount of sodium alginate contained in the additive per 100g may be 10g, 11g, 12g, 13g, 14g, 15g, 16g, 17g, 18g, 19g or 20g, or may be any other value within the range of 10-20 g.
In some preferred embodiments, each 100g of the additive comprises 40g of the Chinese herbal medicine components and 15g of sodium alginate, and the balance is the carrier.
The Chinese herbal medicine components comprise Japanese climbing fern spore and caulis Lonicerae.
For reference, the mass ratio of spora lygodii to honeysuckle stem may be 1 to 3, such as 1, 1.15, 1.
In some preferred embodiments, the mass ratio of lygodium japonicum to honeysuckle stem is 1.
For reference, the carrier may be sepiolite.
In the additive provided by the application, lygodium japonicum is dry mature spore of lygodium japonicum of lygodium family, and has the effects of clearing away damp-heat, treating stranguria and relieving pain. The invention uses the Japanese climbing fern spore whole plant which is rich in volatile oil, can effectively inhibit the growth of harmful flora such as escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and the like, and has antioxidation.
Caulis Lonicerae is dicotyledonous plant, young and tender caulis Lonicerae of Caprifoliaceae, and has pharmacological effects of resisting pathogenic microorganism, resisting rheumatism, relieving fever and pain, repairing bone and soft tissue, resisting tumor, anaphylaxis and regulating immunity.
The honeysuckle stem and the Japanese climbing fern spore are matched for use, so that the toxic effect of the high rapeseed oil on cells can be reduced, and the occurrence of intestinal inflammation is reduced.
Sodium alginate is a macromolecular polysaccharide substance extracted from brown algae, and has high stability, solubility, viscosity and safety. In the present application, it has at least the following effects: the composition is used for increasing the content of short-chain fatty acids in the intestinal tract, adjusting the abundance and the composition ratio of intestinal flora, lubricating the intestinal tract, promoting the intestinal peristalsis and promoting the absorption of Chinese herbal medicines; secondly, the feed is used for balancing blood lipid metabolism and promoting the digestion and absorption of lipid by intestinal tracts, so that the utilization rate of the feed fat is improved; thirdly, the feed stability in water can be improved and the loss of nutrient substances can be reduced based on the cohesiveness of the feed; fourthly, the absorption of harmful elements such as radioactive strontium, cadmium and the like in the body of the yellow catfish can be inhibited.
Sepiolite is a fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and has the characteristics of large surface area, good adsorbability and good fluidity. The feed carrier can be used for uniformly distributing all components and enabling all components to flow freely; in addition, the feed can help to improve the hardness of feed particles, so that the feed is easy to agglomerate, and the stability of the particle feed in water is prolonged.
In conclusion, the safe and non-toxic and side-effect components are matched for use, so that the effects of the components can be exerted, the damage of intestinal tract tissue structures caused by the rapeseed oil replacing fish oil can be obviously improved through the coordination and complementation and the compounding effect among the components, the effect of intestinal tract damage of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco caused by the rapeseed oil replacing the fish oil is prevented, and the growth and health of fish bodies are not influenced by the rapeseed oil replacing the fish oil.
For example, sodium alginate can regulate lipid metabolism, regulate intestinal flora, improve digestive enzyme activity, enhance intestinal motility, and the like. The caulis Lonicerae and spora Lygodii can be used together to enhance drug effect, reduce cell toxicity of high rapeseed oil daily ration, improve intestinal oxidation resistance, and inhibit propagation of intestinal harmful flora.
Correspondingly, the application also provides a preparation method of the additive, which comprises the following steps: mixing the Chinese herbal medicine components, sodium alginate and the carrier according to the proportion.
In some preferred embodiments, the herbal ingredients, sodium alginate, and carrier are further crushed and sieved prior to mixing to achieve the desired effect of the additive.
For reference, it may be passed through a 200-400 μm classifying screen after pulverization, preferably a 300 μm classifying screen after pulverization.
Further, before pulverizing, the Chinese herbal medicine components can be dried.
For reference, the water content of the dried herbal ingredients is not more than 5wt%.
In addition, the application also provides a juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, which contains the additive in the preparation raw materials, and meanwhile, the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed also contains soybean oil and rapeseed oil and does not contain fish oil.
The mass ratio of the soybean oil to the rapeseed oil is 1. The amount of soybean oil and rapeseed oil in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed may illustratively be 3.04wt%.
For reference, the additive may be added in the feed of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco in an amount of 0.05-0.2wt%, preferably 0.1wt%.
The additive is used for preparing the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, so that the use of fish oil and the feed cost are reduced on the premise of ensuring the healthy growth of the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an additive for preventing intestinal injury of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco induced by rapeseed oil, and each 100g of the additive contains 30g of Chinese herbal medicine components, 10g of sodium alginate and 60g of sepiolite.
Wherein the Chinese herbal medicine components consist of Japanese climbing fern spore and honeysuckle stem according to the mass ratio of 1.
The preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps:
drying spora Lygodii and caulis Lonicerae until water content is not more than 5wt%, pulverizing spora Lygodii, caulis Lonicerae, sodium alginate and sepiolite, and sieving with 300 μm sieve. And mixing the sieved lygodium japonicum, honeysuckle stem, sodium alginate and sepiolite according to the proportion.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that: every 100g of the additive contains 40g of Chinese herbal medicine components, 15g of sodium alginate and 45g of sepiolite.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that: every 100g of the additive contains 50g of Chinese herbal medicine components, 20g of sodium alginate and 30g of sepiolite.
Example 4
This example differs from example 1 in that: the Chinese herbal medicine components consist of lygodium japonicum and honeysuckle stem according to the mass ratio of 1.
Example 5
This example differs from example 1 in that: the Chinese herbal medicine components comprise Japanese climbing fern spore and honeysuckle stem according to the mass ratio of 1.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example differs from example 2 in that: every 100g of the additive contains 40g of Chinese herbal medicine components and 60g of sepiolite.
That is, the additive does not contain sodium alginate.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example differs from example 2 in that: every 100g of the additive contains 15g of sodium alginate and 75g of sepiolite.
That is, the additive does not contain Chinese herbal medicine components.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example differs from example 2 in that: every 100g of the additive contains 15g of sodium alginate, 40g of lygodium japonicum and 45g of sepiolite.
That is, the Chinese herbal medicine components do not contain honeysuckle stem.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 2 in that: every 100g of the additive contains 15g of sodium alginate, 40g of honeysuckle stem and 45g of sepiolite.
That is, the Chinese herbal medicine components do not contain lygodium japonicum.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from example 2 in that: equal amount of rhizoma smilacis glabrae is used for replacing the lygodium japonicum.
Comparative example 6
The comparative example differs from example 2 in that: honeysuckle is used to replace honeysuckle stem.
Test examples
The test adopts single factor design, the formula of each group of feed is shown in table 1 and table 2, the feed is processed into particles with the particle size of about 2mm by a small granulator, and the particles are dried at normal temperature and stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use.
Domesticating the fish for one week, selecting 1560 fish of juvenile Pelteobagrus fulvidraco with strong physique and regular specification (average weight is 1 +/-0.03 g), randomly dividing into 13 groups, repeating 3 fish groups, and repeating 40 fish groups.
The grouping includes: 1 normal group, feeding appropriate content of fish oil to soybean oil (mass ratio is 1; 1 control group, feeding proper contents of rapeseed oil to soybean oil (mass ratio is 1; 5 test groups were fed with appropriate amounts of rapeseed oil, soybean oil (mass ratio 1; 6 control groups were fed with appropriate amounts of rapeseed oil to soybean oil (mass ratio 1. It should be noted that the test groups 1 to 5 successively used the additives corresponding to examples 1 to 5, and the comparative groups 1 to 6 successively used the additives corresponding to comparative examples 1 to 6.
The basal diet composition is shown in table 1.
The test fish is cultured in 39 aquariums (cylindrical shape, water containing quantity 80L), and fed for 3 times a day (time is respectively 7. The water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH of the water body in the aquarium were measured at regular time of day (7. During cultivation, natural illumination conditions (day-night ratio: 10h: 14h) are adopted, the water temperature is controlled to be (27 +/-3) DEG C, water is changed by about 1/3 every day, the pH value of a water body is kept to be 7.5-8.0, the content of dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, the content of ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.4mg/L, and the content of nitrite is less than 0.06mg/L.
After the cultivation test, fasting is carried out for 24h, and the fish tails in each aquarium are counted and weighed as total weight. The fish feed is administered at a concentration of 100 mg/L -1 MS-222 (Sigma, USA) is anesthetized, placed on an ice tray, dissected and taken out, and an intestinal tract sample is stored in liquid nitrogen, and lipase activity, GSH-PX, MDA content and intracellular ROS content are measured by adopting a kit of Nanjing construction company. Meanwhile, osO was obtained after fixing intestinal tract samples with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 24 hours after dissection 4 After fixation for 1 hour, the specimen was cut into a 70nm thick section, and the section was observed with a transmission electron microscope (Hitachi H-7650).
The results are shown in tables 2 and 3 and fig. 1 to 9.
Table 1 basic ration composition (%)
Note: the premix provides the following minerals (g.kg) per kg of feed -1 of diet) and vitamins (IU or mg kg) -1 of diet)：CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 0.02g；FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.25g；ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.22g；MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 0.07g；Na 2 SeO 3 0.0004g；KI 0.00026g；CoCl 2 ·6H 2 0.001g of O; vitamin a 9000IU; vitamin D2000 IU; 45mg of vitamin E; vitamin K 3 2.2mg; vitamin B 1 3.2mg; vitamin B 2 10.9mg; 20mg of nicotinic acid; vitamin B 6 5mg; vitamin B 12 0.016mg; 50mg of vitamin C; pantothenic acid 10mg; folic acid 1.65mg; choline 600mg inositol 10mg; biotin 0.012mg.
A. The results of the growth performance of the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco in different treatment groups are shown in table 2, wherein (1) represents the weight gain (%), and (2) represents the feed coefficient.
Table 2 comparison of growth performance of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco in different treatment groups
Note: the same row superscript without the same letter indicates that the difference is significant (P < 0.05), the same below.
As can be seen from table 2: the weight gain rate of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco juvenile fish in the control group is obviously lower than that of the normal group (P < 0.05), and the feed coefficient is obviously higher than that of the normal group (P < 0.05), so that the growth performance of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco juvenile fish can be reduced by replacing fish oil with rapeseed oil.
The weight gain and feed coefficient of the test groups 1-3 were not significantly different from the normal group (P > 0.05), especially the weight gain and feed coefficient of the test group 2 were slightly higher than the normal group (P > 0.05). Therefore, the problem of growth performance reduction caused by replacing fish oil with rapeseed oil in the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed can be solved by adding the feed additive provided by the embodiment of the application.
The effect of the test groups 4-5 is better than that of the control group and the comparison groups 1-6, but worse than that of the test groups 1-3 and the normal group, which shows that the combination of the lygodium japonicum and the honeysuckle stem according to the specific proportion of 1.
The effect of the comparative groups 1-4 is obviously lower than that of the test group, which shows that the components have obvious synergistic effect, in the feed additive, the problem of growth performance reduction caused by the fact that the rapeseed oil replaces the fish oil can be solved only by using the components in a compatible way, and the expected effect cannot be achieved by lacking any component.
The effect of the comparative groups 5-6 is significantly lower than that of the test group, which indicates that the Chinese herbal medicines used in the additive of the present application are irreplaceable.
B. The intestinal oxidative damage index results of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco juvenile fish of different treatment groups are shown in table 3, wherein (1) gastric lipase activity (U/g), (2) intestinal lipase activity (U/g), (3) GSH-PX activity (U/mg protein), (4) lipid peroxide MDA content (nmol/mg protein), and (5) intracellular ROS content (mmol/mg protein).
Table 3 results of intestinal lipase activity and intestinal injury index of juvenile fish of pelteobagrus fulvidraco of different treatment groups
As can be seen from table 3: the gastric lipase and intestinal lipase of the test groups 1-5 are higher than those of other groups, particularly the test groups 1-3, and are obviously higher than those of other groups (P < 0.05), so that the additive provided by the application can obviously improve the activity of gastrointestinal lipase, and further improve the fat utilization rate.
The intestinal MDA and intracellular ROS content of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco in the control group are obviously higher than those of the normal group (P < 0.05). Therefore, the rapeseed oil is used for replacing the fish oil to induce intestinal injury of the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
The activity of GSH-PX in intestinal tracts of the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco in the test groups 1-5 is improved compared with that of a control group and a comparison group, and particularly the activity of GSH-PX in intestinal tracts of the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco in the test groups 1-3 is obviously improved (P is less than 0.05); the contents of MDA and intracellular ROS in intestinal tracts of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco in the test groups 1-5 are reduced compared with those in the control group and the comparison group, and particularly the contents in the test groups 1-3 are remarkably reduced (P is less than 0.05). Therefore, the intestinal injury caused by the rapeseed oil replacing fish oil can be prevented by adding the feed additive provided by the application.
The effects of the comparison groups 1 to 6 are lower than those of the test groups 1 to 5 and are obviously lower than those of the test groups 1 to 3, which shows that in the application, the problem of intestinal injury caused by the substitution of the rapeseed oil for the fish oil can be solved only by using all functional components in a compatible way according to a specific proportion in a formula, and the actual using effect of the additive is reduced or obviously reduced due to the deletion of any component or the addition of the lygodium japonicum and the honeysuckle stem according to a proportion of 1; and Chinese herbal medicines with similar functions such as glabrous greenbrier rhizome and honeysuckle flower are adopted to replace spora lygodii and honeysuckle stem respectively, and the problem that intestinal injury of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco is induced by replacing fish oil with rapeseed oil cannot be solved.
C. Fig. 1 to 9 show the intestinal tissue structure of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco in different treatment groups. Wherein fig. 1 corresponds to a normal group, fig. 2 to 4 correspond to test groups 1 to 3 in order, and fig. 5 to 9 correspond to a control group and comparative examples 1 to 4 in order.
As can be seen from fig. 1 to 4: the intestinal micro-villi of the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco of the test groups 1-3 are regularly and densely arranged, have small gaps and uniform color, show that the intestinal micro-villi have no structural damage such as edema and the like, have no obvious difference with a normal group, and show that the additive provided by the application can prevent the intestinal tissue structural damage of the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco caused by the rapeseed oil.
As can be seen from fig. 5 to 9: the intestinal canal microvilli of the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco in the comparison group and the comparison groups 1-4 are sparse, are disorderly arranged, have short length, are edematous and the like, show that the microvilli have structural damage, and show that rapeseed oil is used for replacing fish oil to cause the intestinal canal tissue structural damage of the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco; the additive provided by the application can achieve the effect of preventing intestinal tissue structure damage of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco only by using compatibility, and the lack of any component can lead to the remarkable reduction of the actual use effect of the additive.
To sum up, the additive that this application provided can show and improve the intestinal tissue structure damage that the rapeseed oil substitutes the fish oil and arouses, prevents the effect that the rapeseed oil replaces the intestinal injury of the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco that the fish oil triggered, ensures that the growth and the health of the fish body do not receive the influence that the rapeseed oil replaces the fish oil. The preparation method of the additive is simple and easy to operate. The additive is used for preparing the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, so that the use of fish oil and the feed cost are reduced on the premise of ensuring the healthy growth of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An additive for preventing intestinal injury of juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco induced by rapeseed oil is characterized in that every 100g of the additive comprises 30-50g of Chinese herbal medicine components, 10-20g of sodium alginate and the balance of carrier according to mass percentage;
wherein the Chinese herbal medicine components comprise lygodium japonicum and honeysuckle stem.
2. The additive of claim 1, wherein each 100g of said additive comprises 40g of said herbal ingredients and 15g of said sodium alginate, the balance being said carrier.
3. The additive according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the lygodium japonicum to the honeysuckle stem is 1.
4. The additive according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the lygodium japonicum to the honeysuckle stem is 1.
5. Additive according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carrier is sepiolite.
6. A process for the preparation of the additive according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: mixing the Chinese herbal medicine components, the sodium alginate and the carrier according to the proportion.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising pulverizing and sieving said herbal ingredients, said sodium alginate and said carrier prior to mixing;
preferably, sieving the crushed mixture by a 200-400 mu m grading sieve;
more preferably, the powder is passed through a 300 μm sieve.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising drying the herbal components prior to pulverizing;
preferably, the water content of the dried herbal ingredients is not more than 5wt%.
9. The pelteobagrus fulvidraco juvenile fish feed is characterized in that a preparation raw material of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco juvenile fish feed contains the additive according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the pelteobagrus fulvidraco juvenile fish feed also contains soybean oil and rapeseed oil, and the pelteobagrus fulvidraco juvenile fish feed does not contain fish oil;
preferably, the pelteobagrus fulvidraco juvenile fish feed contains soybean oil and rapeseed oil in a mass ratio of 1.
10. The pelteobagrus fulvidraco juvenile fish feed according to claim 9, wherein the additive is added into the pelteobagrus fulvidraco juvenile fish feed in an amount of 0.05-0.2wt%;
preferably, the additive is added into the juvenile pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed in an amount of 0.1wt%.
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