CN115548661B - Broadband circularly polarized patch antenna - Google Patents

Broadband circularly polarized patch antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115548661B
CN115548661B CN202211195171.5A CN202211195171A CN115548661B CN 115548661 B CN115548661 B CN 115548661B CN 202211195171 A CN202211195171 A CN 202211195171A CN 115548661 B CN115548661 B CN 115548661B
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patch
patches
antenna
floor
cross
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CN115548661A (en
Inventor
林娴静
王善进
钟增培
张琰斌
张垚
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Dongguan University of Technology
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Dongguan University of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0464Annular ring patch
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285Planar dipole

Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband circularly polarized patch antenna which comprises a semicircular patch, a cross patch, a floor, a microstrip line, an upper dielectric substrate, a lower dielectric substrate and an annular patch, wherein the semicircular patch and the annular patch are arranged on the upper dielectric substrate, the cross patch is arranged between the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate, and the microstrip line is arranged on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate and feeds power upwards through the floor. The patch antenna has the advantages that the patch antenna receives both linearly polarized electromagnetic waves and circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, the patch antenna mainly increases impedance bandwidth of the patch by increasing gaps and using cross patches, and simultaneously, the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is adjusted by adjusting the positions of circular holes of the patch on the top layer, so that the antenna can perform required work better.

Description

Broadband circularly polarized patch antenna
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a broadband circularly polarized patch antenna.
Background
Antennas are the most important components of the communication systems today as the communication devices of the present age, and they are capable of converting electric current into electromagnetic radiation. For the communication system in the current society, the antenna plays a very important role in mobile communication. The transmitting antenna is used as a relay to realize one conversion between current and electromagnetic wave and transmit the electromagnetic wave, and the receiving antenna is used for converting the received electromagnetic wave into corresponding current.
With the development and progress of society, the scientific technology is also continuously developed, and in the field of wireless communication, the performance of the antenna is required to be higher and higher. Linearly polarized antennas have been used in the past, but with the development of society, it is difficult to satisfy the demands of today's society, and more people are paying attention to circularly polarized antennas in the current communication. Compared with the linear polarized antenna, the circular polarized antenna has the advantages that firstly, the circular polarized wave has great advantage relative to the linear polarized wave, the orthogonalization is unique characteristic, only the circular polarized antenna can generate the circular polarized wave, and the characteristic of the circular polarized antenna makes the circular polarized antenna widely applied in the current communication fields of aerospace, military and the like, and secondly, compared with the linear polarized antenna, the circular polarized antenna has particularly good compatibility, and can receive the circular polarized wave for the old linear polarized antenna.
The circular polarized antenna is widely applied to the fields of satellite communication, RFD, WLAN and the like, but most of the circular polarized antennas at present often have the characteristics of narrow bandwidth and low gain, so how to design the circular polarized antenna with the characteristics of wide bandwidth and high gain is still a difficulty of current research. Many methods for improving the impedance and axial ratio bandwidth of microstrip circularly polarized antennas are currently being studied, such as slot loading, wide-mouth slots for coplanar waveguide feeding, parasitic patches, laminated structures, and the like.
The circularly polarized bandwidth of the antenna is well defined in electromagnetics, and is an impedance bandwidth with an axial ratio of less than 3db, and the axial ratio is an important parameter for the circularly polarized antenna and is also the most basic, because the polarization degree of the antenna is basically the width of the axial ratio. The circularly polarized wave has the characteristic of being decomposed into two orthogonal linearly polarized waves with equal amplitude and 90 DEG phase difference in time and space. The amplitudes of the two electric field components are completely consistent, and the phase difference is 90 degrees, which is the basic principle of realizing circular polarization.
Therefore, it has been a difficulty to solve the problems of the circularly polarized antenna bandwidth and the axial ratio. The design of the circularly polarized antenna with wide impedance bandwidth, high gain and wide axial ratio is quite valuable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and provides a broadband circularly polarized patch antenna with wide impedance bandwidth, high gain and wide axial ratio.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wideband circularly polarized patch antenna comprising: the antenna comprises an annular patch, a cross patch, a floor, a microstrip line, an upper medium substrate, a lower medium substrate and a semicircular patch, wherein the annular patch and the semicircular patch are arranged on the upper medium substrate, the technology of forming a circular groove in the original semicircular patch is adopted to form the semicircular patch and the annular patch at the outer end of the semicircular patch, the number of the annular patch and the semicircular patch is two, and the two annular patches and the two semicircular patches form a top patch;
the number of the cross-shaped patches is two, the top-layer patches are fed, the cross-shaped patches are arranged between the upper-layer dielectric substrate and the lower-layer dielectric substrate, and the microstrip line is arranged on the lower surface of the lower-layer dielectric substrate and feeds upwards through the floor.
Preferably, the two annular patches and the semicircular patches of the upper medium substrate are symmetrical with each other on the square surface of the top layer with center of circle.
Preferably, the microstrip line is formed by a rectangle and a hexagon, and the shape of the microstrip line of the whole feed is symmetrical along the x axis.
Preferably, the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate is covered with a metal floor, a certain gap is reserved between the floor and the upper cross patch, a floor groove symmetrical along the X axis and the Y axis is further arranged in the middle, and the antenna feeds power through the patch which is coupled between the microstrip line and the floor groove and is the top layer.
Preferably, the shape of the cross patch is cross-shaped, and the middle is connected through a rectangular bracket, and a certain angle exists between the cross patch and the y axis.
Preferably, a port is arranged on the lower dielectric substrate, the port is a power supply excitation port, and the port feeds power to the floor through a microstrip line.
Preferably, the upper layer dielectric substrate and the lower layer dielectric substrate are all FR dielectric substrates, and the upper layer dielectric substrate, the floor and the lower layer dielectric substrate are symmetrically distributed.
Preferably, the microstrip line is a 50Ω microstrip line.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a broadband circularly polarized patch antenna, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, after the excitation power supply in the microstrip line in the lower substrate is coupled with the slot, the top annular patch and the semicircular patch are fed through the cross patch, and the antenna is better subjected to impedance matching by using the feeding structure of the cross patch, so that the impedance bandwidth can be better increased.
2. The invention adopts the microstrip line and slot feed to obtain the top patch feed, which can effectively improve the bandwidth, reduce the reflection loss, improve the coupling efficiency of the antenna, reduce the influence of the feed on the radiating unit due to the existence of the floor, and better perform impedance matching to a certain extent while facilitating the coupling excitation of the microstrip line when the floor is slotted.
3. In the invention, the two semicircular patches on the top layer are equivalent to a pair of dipole patches, and an annular patch is loaded near the dipoles and used for optimizing the related amplitude response, so that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna of the embodiment is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general schematic diagram of the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the overall schematic of the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the structure of the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate according to the present embodiment;
fig. 4 is a cross-shaped patch structure diagram of the present embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of the upper surface floor of the lower dielectric substrate of the present embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a surface structure of a lower dielectric substrate according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a graph of simulated S-parameters of a single-port excited monopole antenna with two resonant frequency points according to the present embodiment;
fig. 8 is a diagram showing a comparison of the cylindrical feeding and the cross feeding modes used in the antenna of this example;
fig. 9 is an axial ratio diagram of the antenna of the present embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the variation of the test gain of the antenna according to the present embodiment with frequency;
FIG. 11 (a) is a 10GHz E-plane test pattern of the antenna of the present embodiment;
FIG. 11 (b) is a 10GHz H-plane test pattern of the antenna of the present embodiment;
in the figure: 1. an annular patch; 2. a cross-shaped patch; 3. a floor; 4. a microstrip line; 5. an upper dielectric substrate; 6. a lower dielectric substrate; 7. a semicircular patch; 8. a floor tub; 9. and (3) a bracket.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-11, the wideband circularly polarized patch antenna of the present invention includes an annular patch 1, a cross patch 2, a floor 3, a microstrip line 4, an upper dielectric substrate 5, a lower dielectric substrate 6, and two semicircular patches 7, wherein the two annular patches 1 and the two semicircular patches 7 are disposed on the upper dielectric substrate 5, and a circular annular groove is formed in the original semicircular patch, so as to form a semicircular patch 7 and an annular patch 1 at the outer end thereof, the number of the annular patch 1 and the semicircular patch 7 is two, and the two annular patches 1 and the two semicircular patches 7 form a top patch;
the number of the cross-shaped patches 2 is two, the top-layer patches are fed, the cross-shaped patches 2 are arranged between the upper-layer dielectric substrate 5 and the lower-layer dielectric substrate 6, and the microstrip line 4 is arranged on the lower surface of the lower-layer dielectric substrate 6 and is fed upwards through the floor 3; the number of the annular patches 1 and the number of the semicircular patches 7 are two, and the two annular patches 1 and the two semicircular patches 7 form a top patch; the two annular patches 1 and the semicircular patches 7 of the upper medium substrate 5 are symmetrical with each other at the center of a circle on the square surface of the top layer.
The antenna is mainly composed of a circular patch 1 and a semicircular patch 7, wherein the circular patch 1 and the semicircular patch 7 are used for radiation, the cross-shaped patch 2 which is symmetrical along the z-axis is used for feeding, and the two semicircular patches 7 are symmetrically placed at the center and excited in 180 degrees in different directions. The antenna adopts the slot coupling microstrip line 4, which is easy to provide a source for the antenna, adjust impedance matching and obtain large impedance bandwidth. The lower notch feeds power, the suspended cross patch 2 and the semicircular patch form a current loop together, and the relative position of the loop and the groove can generate right circular polarization.
As shown in fig. 8, which is a graph of the surface current vector of the patch at GHZ, it can be seen from the simulation result graph that the current on the patch is mainly concentrated and rotates to the right, so as to form right-hand circular polarization. The angle of the grooves between the semicircular patches 7 with respect to the x-axis can be used to adjust the amplitude of the orthogonal linear polarization components. The height between the two substrates of the antenna and the hole digging acting on the floor slot 8, and the opposite radiation intensity on the surface of the floor 3 after hole digging can be increased, and the impedance matching can be performed better. In order to be able to feed better to the semicircular patch 7, the present example antenna uses a cylindrical metal and a cross-shaped patch 2 for feeding in contrast, as can be seen in fig. 8, the use of a cylindrical metal ARWB at the same location is narrower than when feeding with a cross-shaped patch 2, while the impedance matching is also worse. By comparison, the feeding of the top patch in the antenna of the example can be seen, and the cross-shaped patch feeding is adopted, so that impedance matching can be better performed, and meanwhile, the impedance bandwidth can be increased. In order to further widen the impedance bandwidth and improve the impedance matching characteristic in the antenna, a technology of opening a circular annular groove in the original semicircular patch is adopted to form a semicircular patch 7 and an annular patch 1 at the outer end of the semicircular patch, and the ARBW at the center frequency of 10.3GHZ is calculated from the graph to have a value range of 5.68-14.75GHZ and a relative bandwidth of 88.77%.
As shown in fig. 1, the microstrip line 4 of the present invention has a shape composed of a rectangle and a hexagon, and the shape of the microstrip line 4 of the whole feed is symmetrical along the x-axis; the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate 6 is covered with a metal floor 3, a certain gap is reserved between the floor 3 and the upper cross patch 2, a floor slot 8 which is symmetrical along the X axis and the Y axis is also arranged in the middle, and the antenna feeds power through the patch which is coupled between the microstrip line 4 and the floor slot 8 to be the top layer; the microstrip line 4 is a 50Ω microstrip line.
The microstrip line 4 and the floor slot 8 are adopted to feed, and the top patch feeding mode is adopted, so that the bandwidth can be effectively improved, the reflection loss can be reduced, the coupling efficiency of the antenna can be improved, the influence of the feeding on a radiation unit can be reduced due to the existence of the floor 3, and the slot on the floor 3 can be beneficial to coupling excitation of the microstrip line 4 and can also perform impedance matching better to a certain extent.
As shown in fig. 1, the number of the cross-shaped patches 2 is two, the cross-shaped patches are cross-shaped, the middle of the cross-shaped patches is connected through a rectangular bracket 9, and a certain angle exists between the cross-shaped patches 2 and a y-axis; the lower medium substrate 6 is provided with a port, the port is a power supply excitation port, and the port is fed with the floor 3 through the microstrip line 4.
After being coupled with the floor slot 8, the excitation power supply in the microstrip line 4 in the lower dielectric substrate 6 feeds the top annular patch 1 and the semicircular patch 7 through the cross patch 2, and the antenna can better perform impedance matching and can better increase impedance bandwidth by using the feeding structure of the cross patch 2; the two semicircular patches 7 on the top layer are equivalent to a pair of dipole patches, and a ring-shaped patch 1 is loaded near the dipoles for optimizing the related amplitude response, so as to further improve the impedance bandwidth of the antenna of the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, the upper dielectric substrate 5 and the lower dielectric substrate 6 of the present invention are all FR4 dielectric substrates, and the upper dielectric substrate 5, the floor 3 and the lower dielectric substrate 6 are symmetrically distributed.
The upper medium substrate 5, the floor 3 and the lower medium substrate 6 are symmetrically distributed, the design is simple and reasonable, and the symmetrical distribution is convenient for mutual combination of all layers to feed.
Figures 2,3,4,5,6 are dimensional illustrations of the electrical structures of the various parts. Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, and fig. 6, specific parameters of the antenna in this example are as follows, the upper and lower substrates are F4BME220 dielectric substrates, the relative dielectric constant of the substrates is 2.2, the thickness is 1mm, and the loss tangent is 0.001. The values of the remaining antenna structure variables are as follows: h1 is 0.3mm, H2 is 3.48mm, WP is 50mm, WS is 0.6mm, D1 is 38mm, D2 is 22mm, D3 is 27.5mm, R1 is 2.3mm, R1 is 47, R2 is 45, the coordinates (x 2, y 2) are (11,0) unit mm, H3 is 4.18mm, H4 is 1.5mm, L3 is 14mm, L4 is 8mm, L1 is 17.1mm, L2 is 10.1mm, W1 is 3.69mm, W2 is 4.58mm, D4 is 4mm, (x 1, y 1) is (-3, 0) unit mm, (x 2, y 2) is (3, 0) unit mm, wt is 7mm, lt is 6.46mm, and wf is 2.5mm.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A wideband circularly polarized patch antenna, characterized by: the antenna comprises an annular patch (1), a cross patch (2), a floor (3), microstrip lines (4), an upper medium substrate (5), a lower medium substrate (6) and semicircular patches (7), wherein the annular patch (1) and the semicircular patches (7) are arranged on the upper medium substrate (5), a technology of opening a circular groove in an original semicircular patch is adopted, the semicircular patches (7) and the annular patches (1) at the outer ends of the semicircular patches are formed, the number of the annular patches (1) and the number of the semicircular patches (7) are two, and the two annular patches (1) and the two semicircular patches (7) form a top patch;
the number of the cross-shaped patches (2) is two, the top-layer patches are fed, the cross-shaped patches (2) are arranged between the upper-layer dielectric substrate (5) and the lower-layer dielectric substrate (6), and the microstrip line (4) is arranged on the lower surface of the lower-layer dielectric substrate (6) and is fed upwards through the floor (3);
the upper surface of the lower layer dielectric substrate (6) is covered with a metal floor (3), the floor (3) is in a certain gap with the upper cross patch (2), a floor groove (8) symmetrical along the X axis and the Y axis is further arranged in the middle, and the antenna feeds through the patch which is coupled between the microstrip line (4) and the floor groove (8) and is the top layer.
2. A wideband circularly polarized patch antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the two annular patches (1) and the semicircular patches (7) of the upper medium substrate (5) are centered and symmetrical on the square surface of the top layer.
3. A wideband circularly polarized patch antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the microstrip line (4) is formed by a rectangle and a hexagon, and the shape of the microstrip line (4) of the whole feed is symmetrical along the x axis.
4. A wideband circularly polarized patch antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shape of the cross patch (2) is in a cross shape, the middle of the cross patch is connected with a rectangular bracket (9), and a certain angle exists between the cross patch (2) and the y axis.
5. Broadband circularly polarized patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower dielectric substrate (6) is provided with a port, which is a power supply excitation port, which is fed with the floor (3) via a microstrip line (4).
6. A wideband circularly polarized patch antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper medium substrate (5) and the lower medium substrate (6) are FR4 medium substrates, and the upper medium substrate (5), the floor (3) and the lower medium substrate (6) are symmetrically distributed.
7. A wideband circularly polarized patch antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the microstrip line (4) is a 50Ω microstrip line.
CN202211195171.5A 2022-09-28 2022-09-28 Broadband circularly polarized patch antenna Active CN115548661B (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07249933A (en) * 1994-03-09 1995-09-26 Atr Koudenpa Tsushin Kenkyusho:Kk Shared microstrip antenna for two frequency bands
CN102570016A (en) * 2011-12-14 2012-07-11 安徽锦特微波电子有限公司 Miniaturized double-frequency circular-polarization metamaterial microstrip antenna
CN105896091A (en) * 2016-06-07 2016-08-24 桂林电子科技大学 Miniaturized broadband high-gain circular polarized microstrip antenna
CN206163715U (en) * 2016-11-21 2017-05-10 广东工业大学 Monolithic dual -frenquency broadband paster antenna
CN114566794A (en) * 2022-03-11 2022-05-31 厦门大学 5G millimeter wave dual-polarization magnetoelectric dipole filtering antenna
CN114899610A (en) * 2022-04-21 2022-08-12 中国人民解放军63660部队 Broadband microstrip patch antenna working in X wave band

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6995711B2 (en) * 2003-03-31 2006-02-07 Harris Corporation High efficiency crossed slot microstrip antenna

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07249933A (en) * 1994-03-09 1995-09-26 Atr Koudenpa Tsushin Kenkyusho:Kk Shared microstrip antenna for two frequency bands
CN102570016A (en) * 2011-12-14 2012-07-11 安徽锦特微波电子有限公司 Miniaturized double-frequency circular-polarization metamaterial microstrip antenna
CN105896091A (en) * 2016-06-07 2016-08-24 桂林电子科技大学 Miniaturized broadband high-gain circular polarized microstrip antenna
CN206163715U (en) * 2016-11-21 2017-05-10 广东工业大学 Monolithic dual -frenquency broadband paster antenna
CN114566794A (en) * 2022-03-11 2022-05-31 厦门大学 5G millimeter wave dual-polarization magnetoelectric dipole filtering antenna
CN114899610A (en) * 2022-04-21 2022-08-12 中国人民解放军63660部队 Broadband microstrip patch antenna working in X wave band

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