CN115548554A - Battery module and battery pack including the same - Google Patents

Battery module and battery pack including the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115548554A
CN115548554A CN202210740909.5A CN202210740909A CN115548554A CN 115548554 A CN115548554 A CN 115548554A CN 202210740909 A CN202210740909 A CN 202210740909A CN 115548554 A CN115548554 A CN 115548554A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
battery
cell stack
battery cell
pair
inner plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202210740909.5A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
申坰勋
崔溶桓
吴宥俚
金宇贤
林海圭
郑智雄
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
Original Assignee
Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hyundai Motor Co, Kia Corp filed Critical Hyundai Motor Co
Publication of CN115548554A publication Critical patent/CN115548554A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H01M50/273—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/282—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/519—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising printed circuit boards [PCB]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery module and a battery pack including the same, the battery module includes: a plurality of battery cells stacked on one another to form a battery cell stack; a pair of end plates in surface contact with both ends of the battery cell stack, respectively, in a stacking direction in which the plurality of battery cells are stacked on each other; and a first cover disposed above the battery cell stack in a vertical direction perpendicular to a stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells to cover one surface of the battery cell stack, wherein first ends of the pair of end plates extend downward below lower ends of the plurality of battery cells.

Description

Battery module and battery pack including the same
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a battery module and a battery pack including the same.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
Recently, the number of electric vehicles is increasing in response to the global trend of reducing carbon dioxide emissions. An electric vehicle generates driving force by an electric motor using electric energy stored in a storage device such as a battery, and replaces a typical internal combustion engine vehicle designed to generate driving force by burning fossil fuel.
The performance of an electric vehicle is mainly determined by the capacity of a battery, which is an energy storage device for storing electric energy supplied to a driving motor.
A vehicle battery, in which electric energy to be supplied to an electric motor to generate vehicle driving force is stored, must have excellent charge and discharge characteristics and a long service life from an electrical point of view, and must ensure the ability to withstand severe vehicle driving environments such as high temperatures and severe vibrations from a mechanical point of view.
It has been found advantageous to produce modular battery hardware of standardized size and capacity that can be used in any vehicle.
The details described as background to the invention are only intended to facilitate an understanding of the background of the invention and should not be construed as an admission that the prior art is known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a battery module and a battery pack including the same, which have standardized sizes and capacities to be suitable for any one vehicle.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a battery module includes: a plurality of battery cells stacked on one another to form a battery cell stack; a pair of end plates in surface contact with both ends of the battery cell stack, respectively, in a stacking direction in which the plurality of battery cells are stacked on each other; and a first cover disposed above the battery cell stack in a vertical direction perpendicular to a stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells to cover one surface of the battery cell stack, wherein first ends of the pair of end plates extend downward below lower ends of the plurality of battery cells.
In one embodiment of the present invention, each of the pair of end plates includes an inner plate made of an insulating material and in surface contact with the battery cell stack, and an outer plate disposed at an outer side of the inner plate to cover the inner plate and having a lower rigidity than the inner plate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the lower end of the inner plate includes a bent portion that is located at a level lower than the lower ends of the plurality of battery cells and is bent in the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells, and the lower end of the outer plate is in contact with an upper surface of a portion of the inner plate, which is oriented parallel to the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells by the bent portion of the inner plate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery module further includes: a pair of bus bar assemblies disposed at both ends of the battery cell stack in a lateral direction perpendicular to both a stacking direction and a vertical direction of the plurality of battery cells, and each of the bus bar assemblies coupling electrodes of the plurality of battery cells to each other, the electrodes being disposed at a corresponding one of both ends of the battery cell stack in the lateral direction; a first clamp extending across the first cover between outer sides thereof and joined at both ends thereof to each of the pair of end plates; and a second clamp extending across a lower surface of the battery cell stack in a vertical direction and coupled to each of the pair of end plates at both ends thereof.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery module further includes second and third covers disposed at outer sides of the pair of bus bar assemblies, respectively, to cover the battery cell stack in the lateral direction.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a battery cell stack includes a plurality of battery cell assemblies, each of which includes a pair of battery cells and a surface pressure pad disposed therebetween, the plurality of battery cell assemblies being stacked one on another in a stacking direction.
In one embodiment of the present invention, each of a plurality of battery cell assemblies is configured such that battery cells thereof are stacked one on another such that electrodes of the battery cells having the same polarity are arranged adjacent to each other.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery cell stack is configured such that a plurality of battery cell assemblies are stacked one on another such that battery cell assemblies having different polarities are arranged adjacent to one another.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the outer plate is spaced a predetermined distance from the battery cell stack near an end of the first cover to define a mounting space in which the temperature sensor is mounted.
In one embodiment of the present invention, each of the pair of bus bar assemblies includes a bus bar having a plurality of slits, and the plurality of battery cells are bent and coupled to the bus bar at portions thereof extending outward through the slits.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a pair of bus bar assemblies includes a circuit implemented as a battery management unit configured to detect a voltage of a battery cell.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first jig is attached to the first cover, and both ends of the first jig are bent to face the pair of end plates and are bonded to outer surfaces of the pair of end plates.
In one embodiment of the present invention, both ends of the second jig are bent to face the pair of end plates and are coupled to outer surfaces of the pair of end plates.
In one embodiment of the invention, the inner plate is provided at its upper end with a protrusion which engages with the upper end of the outer plate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the inner panel is provided on a surface thereof with a plurality of beads protruding toward the outer panel, and the outer panel is provided on a surface thereof corresponding to the plurality of beads with protrusions protruding outward, thereby defining a space between the inner panel and the outer panel.
In another aspect of the present invention, a battery pack includes: a battery module including a plurality of battery cells stacked on one another to form a battery cell stack; a pair of end plates in surface contact with both ends of the battery cell stack, respectively, in a stacking direction in which the plurality of battery cells are stacked on each other; and a first cover disposed above the battery cell stack in a vertical direction perpendicular to a stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells to cover one surface of the battery cell stack, wherein first ends of the pair of end plates extend downward below lower ends of the plurality of battery cells; and a case including a seating surface on which the battery module is seated, wherein the battery module is open downward in a vertical direction to allow the battery cell stack to be exposed downward and to allow the exposed battery cell stack to face the seating surface of the case, and wherein a gap filler is disposed between the battery cell stack and the seating surface, and first ends of the pair of end plates are in contact with the seating surface of the case.
In one embodiment of the present invention, each of the pair of end plates includes an inner plate made of an insulating material and in surface contact with the battery cell stack, and an outer plate disposed at an outer side of the inner plate to cover the inner plate and having a lower rigidity than the inner plate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the lower end of the inner plate includes a bent portion that is located at a level lower than the lower ends of the plurality of battery cells and is bent in the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells, and the lower end of the outer plate contacts an upper surface of a portion of the inner plate, the upper surface being oriented parallel to the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells by the bent portion of the inner plate, and a lower surface of a portion of the inner plate, which is oriented parallel to the stacking direction by the bent portion, contacts the seating surface of the case.
In one embodiment of the invention, the inner plate is provided at its upper end with a protrusion which engages with the upper end of the outer plate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the inner panel is provided on a surface thereof with a plurality of beads protruding toward the outer panel, and the outer panel is provided on a surface thereof corresponding to the plurality of beads with protrusions protruding outward, thereby defining a space between the inner panel and the outer panel.
Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and other advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a perspective view of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a perspective view of the battery module shown in fig. 1, as viewed from below;
fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the battery module shown in fig. 1;
fig. 4 is a perspective view illustrating the structure of a battery cell assembly in a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a perspective view illustrating the structure of a battery cell stack of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a perspective view illustrating a positional relationship between a battery cell stack and end plates of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged plan view showing the outer and inner surfaces of one of the end plates shown in FIG. 6;
fig. 8 is a partial sectional view showing an assembly space formed in the outer panel shown in fig. 7 in more detail;
fig. 9 is a perspective view illustrating a positional relationship between a battery cell stack and a bus bar assembly of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a plan view showing a bus bar assembly applied to a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention on an enlarged scale;
fig. 11 is a plan view illustrating a state in which bus bars of the bus bar assembly shown in fig. 10 are coupled to electrodes of battery cells of a battery cell stack;
fig. 12 is a perspective view illustrating a positional relationship of a cover, a first jig, a second jig, and a battery cell stack of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a view showing one end of the first clamp shown in fig. 12;
fig. 14 is a perspective view illustrating a positional relationship of second and third covers and a battery cell stack of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a view specifically illustrating a battery module with second and third covers assembled thereto according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 16 is a sectional view illustrating a portion of a battery pack mounted with a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.
Hereinafter, a battery module and a battery pack including the same according to various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the battery module shown in fig. 1, as viewed from below. Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the battery module shown in fig. 1.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a battery module 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: a plurality of battery cells 110 stacked on one another in a first direction (x-axis direction); a pair of end plates 20 in surface contact with both ends of the battery cell stack 100 in which the plurality of battery cells 110 are stacked one on another, respectively, in a first direction; a pair of bus bar assemblies 30 disposed at both ends of the battery cell stack 100 in a second direction (y-axis direction) perpendicular to the first direction, and through which the electrodes of the plurality of battery cells 110 are coupled to each other; a first cover 40 configured to cover one surface of the battery cell stack 100 in a third direction (z-axis direction) perpendicular to the second direction; a first clamp 51 extending across the first cover 40 between both sides of the first cover 40 and joined at both ends thereof to respective ones of the pair of end plates 20; and a second clamp 52 extending across a surface of the battery cell stack 100 opposite to the surface on which the first cover 40 is disposed, and having both ends coupled to respective ones of the pair of end plates 20.
In addition, the battery module according to the embodiment of the present invention may include second and third covers 60 disposed on the outer surfaces of the pair of bus bar assemblies 30, respectively, so as to cover the battery cell stack 100 in the second direction.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view illustrating the structure of a battery cell assembly in a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a perspective view illustrating the structure of a battery cell stack of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 4, a battery cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells 110 are stacked one on another may include a battery cell assembly 11 including a pair of battery cells 110 and a surface pressure pad 120 disposed between the pair of battery cells 110 such that one battery cell of the pair of battery cells 110, the surface pressure pad 120, and the other battery cell of the pair of battery cells 110 are stacked one on another in this order. In other words, the battery cell stack 100 shown in fig. 5 may be prepared by stacking a plurality of battery cell assemblies 11 shown in fig. 4 on each other.
In one battery cell assembly 11, a pair of battery cells 110 may be disposed such that electrodes (e.g., positive electrode 111a or negative electrode 111 b) having the same polarity are adjacent to each other.
The surface pressure pads 120 are elements configured to provide elasticity to the battery module to accommodate deformation of the battery module when the battery cells 110 swell.
A plurality of battery cell assemblies 11 may be stacked one on another with the hot melt adhesive H therebetween. A hot melt adhesive H, which is a liquid adhesive exhibiting adhesiveness when heat is applied thereto, may be applied to the surface of the battery cell 110 in a predetermined pattern before a plurality of battery cell assemblies 11 are stacked on one another. After a plurality of battery cell assemblies 11 are stacked one on another, the stacked battery cells 110 may be aligned with one another, and heat may be applied to all of the stacked battery cells 110 at a time to fix a desired positional relationship between the battery cells 110.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the cell assemblies of the cell stack may be stacked on each other such that electrodes having different polarities are adjacent to each other. The reason for this is that when the electrodes of the battery cells 110 are connected to the bus bars of the bus bar assembly 30, an electrical series connection is established between the battery cell assemblies 11, which will be described later. In other words, the battery cells 110 of each battery cell assembly 11 may be electrically connected in series with each other, and the battery cell assemblies 11 may be electrically connected in series with each other.
For convenience of explanation, in the following description, a stacking direction in which the battery cells 110 are stacked one on another is referred to as a first direction (x-axis direction), and a direction perpendicular to a direction in which electrodes of the battery cells 110 are connected to one another is referred to as a second direction (y-axis direction). Further, a direction perpendicular to both the first direction and the second direction, i.e., a direction extending along both sides of the battery cell where the electrode of the battery cell 110 is not formed, is referred to as a third direction (z-axis direction).
Fig. 6 is a perspective view illustrating a positional relationship between a battery cell stack and an end plate of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 6, a pair of end plates 20 may be disposed in surface contact with both end surfaces of the battery cell stack 100 (i.e., exposed surfaces of two outermost battery cells 110 among the plurality of battery cells 110 constituting the battery cell stack 100) in a first direction in which the battery cells 110 of the battery cell stack 100 are stacked on each other.
The pair of end plates 20 are members maintaining a constant distance therebetween in order to prevent the battery module from being deformed by the rigidity of the battery cells 110 when the battery cells 110 swell, and to maintain uniform surface pressure between the stacked battery cells 110. Therefore, the end plates 20 must have rigidity sufficient to maintain surface contact with the battery cells 110 and prevent deformation of the battery module 10, and may further include additional means for equalizing surface pressure.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged plan view illustrating the outer and inner surfaces of one of the end plates shown in fig. 6.
As shown in fig. 7, each of the end plates 20 may include an outer plate 201 exposed to the outside from the battery module 10, and an inner plate 202 covered by the outer plate 201 and in surface contact with the battery cell stack 100.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the rigidity of the inner panel 202 may be higher than that of the outer panel 201. This is to fold or break the outer plate 201 prior to the inner plate 20 (the inner plate is in surface contact with the battery cell 110) in order to more effectively protect the battery cell 110 when external impact is applied.
Fig. 8 is a partial sectional view showing the assembly space formed in the outer panel 201 shown in fig. 7 in more detail.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the side surface (extending in the second direction) of the outer plate 201 of the end plate 20 may be formed with the fitting space T, in which the temperature sensor 80 spaced apart from the battery cell stack 100 by a predetermined distance is fitted, by any one of metal forming techniques. The region in which the fitting space T is formed corresponds to a portion shown by symbol a in fig. 1, 6, and 7. Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the region a cut along the first direction.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of battery modules 10 may be provided in a case designed according to the type of vehicle to realize a single battery pack. For the management of the battery pack, it is important to check the internal temperature of the battery pack. A typical battery module is manufactured such that a temperature sensor is built in the battery module. In one embodiment, the battery module 10 has a fitting space T into which the temperature sensor is fitted after the plurality of battery modules are disposed in the case, rather than being integrally built in the battery module itself.
In particular, the battery module 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention is configured such that the surface thereof opposite to the surface where the first cover 40 is mounted is not provided with an additional cover member but is open to allow the battery cells 110 to be exposed to the outside such that the surface of the battery module 10 where the battery cells 110 are exposed is disposed to face the bottom surface of the case. In one embodiment, a fitting space T is formed at an end of the outer plate 201 adjacent to the first cover 40 such that a predetermined space is defined between the battery cell stack 100 and the outer plate 201.
Fig. 9 is a perspective view illustrating a positional relationship between the battery cell stack 100 and the bus bar assembly of the battery module according to the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 9, the bus bar assembly 30 may be mounted to both ends of the battery cell stack 100 in a second direction perpendicular to a stacking direction in which the battery cells 110 of the battery cell stack 100 are stacked one on another, i.e., a direction extending between the two electrodes 111a and 111b of each battery cell 110.
Each of the bus bar assemblies 30 is a member including bus bars for electrical connection between the electrodes 111a and 111b of the battery cells 110 of the battery cell stack 100.
Fig. 10 is a plan view showing a bus bar assembly applied to a battery module 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention in an enlarged manner. Fig. 11 is a plan view illustrating a state in which bus bars of the bus bar assembly shown in fig. 10 are coupled to electrodes of battery cells of a battery cell stack.
As shown in fig. 10, the bus bar assembly 30 may include a frame 31 made of an insulating material such as plastic, and bus bars 32 each having a slit 33 to which the electrodes 111a and 111b of the battery cell 110 are mounted. The distance between the slits 33 may correspond to the distance between the electrodes 111a and 111b of the battery cells 110 of the battery cell stack 100. The frame 31 may include partition walls 35 formed between the bus bars 32, which must be electrically insulated from each other.
The bus bar assembly 30 may include a circuit 34 configured to monitor the voltage of the battery cells 111 contained in the battery module 10. Here, the circuit 34 may be implemented to include a circuit board, such as a PCB, an electronic device mounted on the circuit board, or the like.
As shown in fig. 11, when the electrodes 111a and 111b of the battery cell 110 are fitted into the slits 33 formed in the bus bar 32 of the bus bar assembly 30, all the electrodes 111a and 111b of the battery cell 110 may be collectively bent at one time so as to be in contact with the bus bar 32, and the electrodes 111a and 111b of the battery cell 110 may be bonded to the bus bar 32 through a single welding process. In fig. 11, symbol W indicates a region to which welding energy for welding is applied.
The conventional battery module is manufactured in the following manner: the electrodes of the unit cells are previously bent and primarily welded, and then a plurality of unit cells are stacked one on another and secondarily welded to achieve electrical connection of the cell stack. Since such a conventional battery module undergoes a plurality of bending and welding processes and it is difficult to ensure uniformity of the entire process, there is a problem in that a stepped portion is formed at a welded portion when the second welding is performed.
In contrast, as shown in fig. 9, the embodiment of the present invention can establish electrical connection between all battery cells of the battery module through the bus bar assembly 30 through a single bending process and a single welding process, so that it is possible to simplify the process and improve the quality of the manufactured object.
Fig. 12 is a perspective view illustrating a positional relationship of a cover, a first jig, a second jig, and a battery cell stack of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 12, the first cover 40 may be disposed at one end of the battery cell stack 100 in the third direction of the battery cell stack 100.
The first clamp 51 extending between the long sides of the first cover 40 may be disposed across the battery cell stack 100 and may be coupled at both ends thereof to a corresponding one of the pair of end plates 20.
The bar-shaped second clamps 52 extending in the first direction may be disposed across the surface of the battery cell stack 100 opposite to the surface on which the first covers 40 are disposed, and may be coupled at both ends thereof to respective ones of the pair of end plates 20.
The first clamp 51 may be fixed to the first cover 40 by, for example, heat fusion. Since both ends of the first jig 51 are coupled to the respective one of the pair of end plates 20, a constant distance between the pair of end plates 20 can be maintained even when the battery cell 110 is expanded. Further, since the second clamp 52 is disposed adjacent to the exposed surface (lower surface in the drawing) of the battery cell stack 100 in a state of being spaced apart from the exposed surface of the battery cell stack 100, a constant distance between the pair of end plates 20 can be maintained even when the battery cells 110 swell.
Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating one end of the first clamp illustrated in fig. 12.
As shown in fig. 13, each end of the first jig 51 may be configured to have a form of a hook bent toward the endplate 20, and the bent end of the first jig 51 may face the outer surface of the endplate 20. Since the bent end of the first jig 51 is welded to the outer surface (welding area) W of the end plate 20 adjacent to the upper edge of the end plate 20, the first jig 51 can be fixed to the end plate 20. The coupling structure shown in fig. 13 may also be applied to the second jig 52.
As described above, the first jig 51 is coupled to a first side (upper side in the drawing) of the pair of end plates 20, and the second jig 52 is coupled to a second side (lower side in the drawing) of the pair of end plates 20, which is opposite to the first surface of the pair of end plates 20 to which the first jig 51 is coupled. Accordingly, a constant distance may be maintained between the centers of the pair of plates 20 in the second direction, thereby applying the rigidity of the end plates to the battery cells 110 disposed between the pair of end plates 20.
Fig. 14 is a perspective view illustrating a positional relationship of the second cover, the third cover, and the battery cell stack of the battery module according to the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 14, second and third covers 60 may be disposed at both ends of the battery cell stack 100 in a second direction perpendicular to a stacking direction in which the battery cells 110 of the battery cell stack 100 are stacked one on another, i.e., a direction extending between the electrodes 111a and 111b of the battery cells 110. Here, since the second and third covers 60 are substantially the same components (they are disposed at symmetrical positions of the battery module 10), the second and third covers are denoted by the same reference numerals.
The manufacture of the battery module 10 may be completed by mounting the second and third covers 60 to the battery cell stack 100 to cover the bus bar assemblies 30. The second and third covers 60 may have through-holes through which components of the bus bar assembly 30 that must be exposed to the outside from the battery module 10 (e.g., a portion of a bus bar that must be exposed to be electrically connected to an external component, a connector configured to provide information about the detected cell voltage, etc.).
Fig. 15 is a diagram specifically illustrating a battery module with second and third covers assembled thereon according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 15, the lateral portions of the second and third covers 30 may contact the end plate 20. The end plate 20 and the lateral portions of the second and third covers 20 may be coupled to each other by bolts 21. Although not shown in the drawings, the pair of end plates 20 may be coupled to the second and third covers 60 by threadedly engaging bolts 21 with a single long nut provided in each of the second and third covers 60.
Further, the lateral portions of the second and third covers 30 may be provided with engagement protrusions 61 such that the edges of the end plate 20 are engaged with the engagement protrusions 61 to define an assembled position therebetween.
Fig. 16 is a sectional view illustrating a portion of a battery pack mounted with a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 16, the battery module 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention may be placed in cases 910 and 920 of a battery pack. The case of the battery pack may include an upper case 920 and a lower case 910. The upper surface of the lower case 910 may be a seating surface on which the battery module 10 is seated.
As shown in fig. 16, the lower housing 910 may include an upper plate 911 and a lower plate 912 of a cooling block that collectively define a cooling passage through which cooling water flows, and a lower cover plate 913 configured to cover the cooling block from below. In the present embodiment, the upper surface of the upper plate 911 of the cooling block may be a seating surface on which the battery module 10 is seated.
As described above, the battery module 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention is configured to be open in the third direction (in the vertical direction) at the lower surface thereof, rather than being covered with an additional cover, such that the battery cells 110 are exposed through the open lower surface. The battery module 10 may be placed in the battery pack such that the open lower surface of the battery module 10 faces the seating surface of the lower case 910 of the battery pack. When the battery module 10 is placed in the lower case 910, a gap filler 930 is filled between the seating surface of the lower case 910 of the battery pack and the exposed surface of the battery module 10 such that the battery cells 110 of the battery module 10 are in indirect contact with the seating surface of the lower case 910.
Here, the gap filler 930 may be a thermal interface material capable of transferring heat generated from the battery cell 110 to the lower case 910. Since the battery cell 110 is in contact with the seating surface (bottom surface) of the lower case 910 via the gap filler 903 without other interference elements therebetween, heat generated from the battery cell 110 is more easily dissipated.
As shown by reference numeral B in fig. 16, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower end of the inner plate 202 of the end plate 20 constituting the battery module 10 may include a bent portion bent at a lower level than the lower end of the cell stack 100 in the stacking direction in which the battery cells 110 are stacked on each other. Further, the lower end of the outer plate 201 constituting the end plate 20 may be in contact with the upper surface of a portion of the inner plate 202, which is positioned parallel to the stacking direction by a bent portion formed at the lower end of the inner plate 202.
With the structure of the battery module 10, when the battery module 10 is placed on the seating surface of the lower case 910 of the battery pack, the end plates 20, which are disposed at the outermost sides of the battery cell stack 100 in the stacking direction in which the battery cells 110 are stacked one on another, can be brought into contact with the seating surface, i.e., the upper surface of the lower case 910 of the battery pack. More specifically, the lower end of the inner plate 202 of the end plate 20 is bent such that a portion of the bent portion of the inner plate 202 is in direct contact with the upper surface (i.e., the seating surface of the lower case 910), and the lower end of the outer plate 201 is in direct contact with the upper surface of the bent portion of the inner plate 202, which is in contact with the seating surface of the lower case 910.
Since the battery pack applied to the electric vehicle is mainly disposed at the lower portion of the vehicle body in consideration of the size, mounting efficiency, and the like of the vehicle, the battery pack is greatly exposed to an impact applied from below the vehicle. For this reason, when an impact is applied to the battery pack from below, it is necessary to prevent damage to the battery modules in the battery pack, particularly damage to the battery cells of the battery modules.
Since the battery module according to the embodiment of the invention and the battery pack including the same are configured such that the rigid end plates of the battery module are disposed to directly contact the upper surface (mounting surface) of the lower case, an impact applied from below is transmitted upward via the end plates, rather than directly to the battery cells. For example, an impact applied to the lowermost cover plate of the battery pack is transmitted to the end plates of the battery modules through the lower case of the battery pack, and then transmitted to the vehicle body through the portions of the battery modules where the battery modules are coupled to the case. Therefore, even when an impact is applied to the lower portion of the battery pack, since the impact directly applied to the battery cell is minimized, it is possible to prevent damage to the battery cell and various problems associated therewith.
Further, the upper end of the inner plate 202 may be provided with a protrusion 212 serving as a joint to support the upper end of the outer plate 201.
With the protrusion 212, when the lower portion of the vehicle is impacted, since the outer plate 201 is bent or damaged prior to the inner plate 202, the protection performance of the battery cell 110 in surface contact with the inner plate 202 can be improved.
Further, the inner panel 202 is provided on the surface thereof with a plurality of beads (beads) 222 protruding toward the outer panel 201, and the outer panel 201 is provided at the regions thereof corresponding to the plurality of beads 222 with outwardly protruding protrusions. Due to the presence of the convex strips 222 and the convex portions, a space D having a predetermined size is defined between the outer panel 201 and the inner panel 202.
Since the space D serves to absorb external impacts, the protection performance of the battery cells 110 of the battery module may be improved.
As is apparent from the above description, since the battery module and the battery pack including the same according to the various embodiments of the present invention are configured such that the jig is disposed at the center of the battery module in the stacking direction in which the battery cells are stacked one on another and welded to the two end plates, and the two end plates are coupled to the cover by the bolts at both ends of the battery module, it is possible to secure sufficient rigidity.
In addition, since the battery module according to the respective embodiments of the present invention and the battery pack including the same are configured such that the electrodes of the plurality of battery cells stacked one on another are electrically connected to each other via the bus bar assembly through the single bending process and the single welding process, it is possible to simplify the manufacturing process and improve the manufacturing quality by eliminating the misalignment between the battery cells.
Further, since the battery module and the battery pack including the same according to the various embodiments of the present invention are configured such that the battery cells constituting the battery pack are produced in a modular form, it is possible to apply the modular battery cells to any battery pack having various specifications even when the specifications of the battery pack are changed according to the kind of vehicle. Therefore, since an additional design process of disposing the battery cells in the battery pack is omitted, development time and expenses may be reduced.
In addition, since the battery module and the battery pack including the same according to the respective embodiments of the present invention are configured such that the battery cells of the battery module are brought into contact with the seating surface of the lower case of the battery pack via the gap filler without interference members, heat generated from the battery cells is more effectively dissipated.
Furthermore, since the battery module and the battery pack including the same according to the various embodiments of the present invention are configured such that the end plates disposed at the outermost sides of the battery cell stacks of the battery module are disposed to the seating surface of the lower case of the battery pack in a direct contact state, it is possible to reduce the impact applied to the battery cells of the battery module in the event of a collision affecting the lower portion of the battery pack, and it is possible to prevent damage to the battery cells and various problems associated with damage to the battery cells.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

Claims (20)

1. A battery module, comprising:
a plurality of battery cells stacked on one another to form a battery cell stack;
a pair of end plates in surface contact with both ends of the battery cell stack, respectively, in a stacking direction in which the plurality of battery cells are stacked on each other; and
a first cover disposed above the battery cell stack in a vertical direction perpendicular to a stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells to cover one surface of the battery cell stack,
wherein first ends of the pair of end plates extend downward below lower ends of the plurality of battery cells.
2. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein each of the pair of end plates includes an inner plate made of an insulating material and in surface contact with the battery cell stack, and an outer plate disposed outside the inner plate to cover the inner plate and having a lower rigidity than the inner plate.
3. The battery module according to claim 2, wherein a lower end of the inner plate includes a bent portion that is located at a level lower than lower ends of the plurality of battery cells and is bent in a stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells, and the lower end of the outer plate is in contact with an upper surface of a portion of the inner plate, the upper surface being oriented in parallel with the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells by the bent portion of the inner plate.
4. The battery module of claim 1, further comprising:
a pair of bus bar assemblies disposed at both ends of the battery cell stack in a lateral direction perpendicular to both a stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells and the vertical direction, and each of the bus bar assemblies coupling electrodes of the plurality of battery cells to each other, the electrodes being disposed at a corresponding one of both ends of the battery cell stack in the lateral direction;
a first clamp extending across the first cover between outer sides of the first cover and joined at both ends thereof to each of the pair of end plates; and
a second clamp extending across a lower surface of the battery cell stack in the vertical direction and coupled at both ends thereof to each of the pair of end plates.
5. The battery module of claim 3, further comprising second and third covers disposed outside the pair of bus bar assemblies, respectively, to cover the cell stack.
6. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein the battery cell stack comprises a plurality of battery cell assemblies, each battery cell assembly comprising a pair of battery cells and a surface pressure pad disposed therebetween, the plurality of battery cell assemblies being stacked on one another in the stacking direction.
7. The battery module according to claim 6, wherein each of the plurality of battery cell assemblies is configured such that the battery cells thereof are stacked on each other such that electrodes of the battery cells having the same polarity are arranged adjacent to each other.
8. The battery module according to claim 6, wherein the battery cell stack is configured such that the plurality of battery cell assemblies are stacked one on another such that battery cell assemblies having different polarities are arranged adjacent to one another.
9. The battery module according to claim 2, wherein the outer plate is spaced apart from the battery cell stack at a predetermined distance near an end of the first cover to define a fitting space in which a temperature sensor is fitted.
10. The battery module of claim 4, wherein each of the pair of bus bar assemblies comprises a bus bar having a plurality of slits, and the plurality of battery cells are bent and joined to the bus bar at portions thereof that extend outward through the slits.
11. The battery module of claim 4, wherein the pair of bus bar assemblies comprises a circuit implemented as a battery management unit configured to detect a voltage of the battery cells.
12. The battery module according to claim 4, wherein the first clamp is attached to the first cover, and both ends of the first clamp are bent to face the pair of end plates and are coupled to outer surfaces of the pair of end plates.
13. The battery module according to claim 4, wherein both ends of the second jig are bent to face the pair of end plates and are coupled to outer surfaces of the pair of end plates.
14. The battery module according to claim 2, wherein the inner plate is provided at the upper end thereof with a protrusion engaged with the upper end of the outer plate.
15. The battery module according to claim 2, wherein the inner plate is provided on a surface thereof with a plurality of beads protruding toward the outer plate, and the outer plate is provided on a surface thereof corresponding to the plurality of beads with protrusions protruding outward, thereby defining a space between the inner plate and the outer plate.
16. A battery pack, comprising:
a battery module including a plurality of battery cells stacked on one another to form a battery cell stack; a pair of end plates in surface contact with both ends of the battery cell stack, respectively, in a stacking direction in which the plurality of battery cells are stacked on each other; and a first cover disposed above the battery cell stack in a vertical direction perpendicular to a stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells to cover one surface of the battery cell stack, wherein first ends of the pair of end plates extend downward below lower ends of the plurality of battery cells; and
a case including a mounting surface on which the battery module is mounted,
wherein the battery module is open downward in the vertical direction to allow the cell stack to be exposed downward and to allow the exposed cell stack to face a seating surface of the case, and
wherein a gap filler is disposed between the battery cell stack and the seating surface, and first ends of the pair of end plates are in contact with the seating surface of the case.
17. The battery pack according to claim 16, wherein each of the pair of end plates includes an inner plate made of an insulating material and in surface contact with the battery cell stack, and an outer plate disposed outside the inner plate to cover the inner plate and having a lower rigidity than the inner plate.
18. The battery pack according to claim 17, wherein a lower end of the inner plate includes a bent portion that is located at a level lower than lower ends of the plurality of battery cells and is bent in a stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells, and the lower end of the outer plate is in contact with an upper surface of a portion of the inner plate, the upper surface being oriented parallel to the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells by the bent portion of the inner plate, and a lower surface of the portion of the inner plate oriented parallel to the stacking direction by the bent portion is in contact with a seating surface of the case.
19. The battery pack according to claim 17, wherein the inner plate is provided at the upper end thereof with a protrusion engaged with the upper end of the outer plate.
20. The battery pack according to claim 17, wherein the inner plate is provided on a surface thereof with a plurality of beads protruding toward the outer plate, and the outer plate is provided on a surface thereof corresponding to the plurality of beads with protrusions protruding outward, thereby defining a space between the inner plate and the outer plate.
CN202210740909.5A 2021-06-30 2022-06-28 Battery module and battery pack including the same Pending CN115548554A (en)

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