CN115542392B - Underground fault automatic detection method and device based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing - Google Patents
Underground fault automatic detection method and device based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The disclosure provides an automatic detection method and device for an underground fault based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing, which can be applied to the technical field of underground fault detection and the technical field of earthquake analysis. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring seismic data recorded by an optical fiber seismograph, wherein optical fibers of the optical fiber seismograph are distributed in a region of an underground fault to be identified; carrying out frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data for filtering direct wave signal data and noise signal data; determining scattering intensity of all scattered waves in a oscillogram of scattered wave data by utilizing a tracing pane; integrating the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result; and determining the position of the underground fault according to the integral result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismometer.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of underground fault detection technology and the field of seismic analysis technology, and more particularly, to an underground fault automatic detection method, device, electronic equipment, and storage medium based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing.
Background
The underground fault is a source of earthquake occurrence, when earthquake disasters occur, the underground fault suddenly and rapidly moves to form strong ground movement and ground surface cracking deformation, so that most houses along the line are severely damaged or collapsed, and huge threats are caused to human lives and property. When the city is constructed, the underground fault distribution is ascertained in advance, and the building construction is carried out outside the safety avoidance distance, so that the disaster risk caused by the underground fault activity can be obviously reduced.
In the process of implementing the disclosed concept, the inventor finds that at least the following problems exist in the related art: in the related art, a method of detecting a position of a subsurface fault requires complicated data processing, takes a long time, and cannot be popularized.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the disclosure provides an automatic detection method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium for underground fault based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing.
One aspect of the present disclosure provides an automatic detection method for an underground fault based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing, including:
acquiring seismic data recorded by an optical fiber seismograph, wherein optical fibers of the optical fiber seismograph are distributed in a region of an underground fault to be identified;
carrying out frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data for filtering direct wave signal data and noise signal data;
determining scattering intensity of all scattered waves in a oscillogram of scattered wave data by utilizing a tracing pane;
Integrating the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result; and
And determining the position of the underground fault according to the integral result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismometer.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, before performing frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data with direct wave signal data and noise signal data filtered, the method further includes:
determining shock noise data in the seismic data, wherein the shock noise data is noise data caused by non-seismic waves;
The shock noise data in the seismic data is modified to eliminate the effects of the shock noise data.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein determining shock noise data in seismic data comprises:
selecting a predetermined number of reference data according to the positions of all sampling points of the seismic data;
and under the condition that the ratio of the strain rate amplitude of the seismic data of the sampling point to the strain rate amplitude of the reference data is larger than a preset threshold value, determining the seismic data of the sampling point as shock noise data.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein modifying shock noise data in seismic data to eliminate the effect of the shock noise data includes:
and modifying the shock noise data in the seismic data based on the seismic data acquired at sampling points adjacent to the shock noise data to eliminate the influence of the shock noise data.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, determining, with the trace-source pane, scattering intensities of all scattered waves in a waveform diagram of scattered-wave data includes:
determining all scattering sources in a oscillogram of the scattered wave data by utilizing a tracing pane;
For each scattering source:
Other scattering sources on two sides of the scattering source are obliquely overlapped according to a preset viewing speed, so that two column vectors representing unidirectional propagation of a scattering wave field are obtained;
the scattering intensity of the scattered wave is determined based on the dot product of the two column vectors.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, performing frequency wave number filtering on seismic data to obtain scattered wave data with direct wave signal data and noise signal data filtered, includes:
Transforming the seismic data in the distance time domain into the frequency wave number domain through Fourier transform;
filtering direct wave signals and noise signals in the seismic data by using preset parameters to obtain scattered wave data in a frequency wave number domain;
And inversely changing the scattered wave data in the frequency wave number domain to obtain scattered wave data in the distance time domain.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, before converting the seismic data in the distance time domain into the frequency wavenumber domain by fourier transform, the above method further comprises:
Normalizing the seismic data to obtain normalized seismic data;
waveform pinch-out is performed on the edge waveforms of the waveform map of the normalized seismic data to reduce artifacts arising from the edge waveforms.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an automatic detection device for an underground fault based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing, including:
The acquisition module is used for acquiring the seismic data recorded by the optical fiber seismograph, wherein the optical fibers of the optical fiber seismograph are distributed in the area of the underground fault to be identified;
The first obtaining module is used for carrying out frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data for filtering direct wave signal data and noise signal data;
the first determining module is used for determining scattering intensity of all scattered waves in a oscillogram of the scattered wave data by utilizing the tracing pane;
The second obtaining module is used for integrating the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result;
and the second determining module is used for determining the position of the underground fault according to the integration result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismometer.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; and the memory is used for storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, enable the one or more processors to realize the underground fault automatic detection method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the above-described distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing-based automatic subsurface fault detection method.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, acquiring seismic data recorded by a fiber optic seismometer is employed, wherein the optical fibers of the fiber optic seismometer are distributed over an area of an subsurface fault to be identified; carrying out frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data for filtering direct wave signal data and noise signal data; determining scattering intensity of all scattered waves in a oscillogram of scattered wave data by utilizing a tracing pane; integrating the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result; according to the integral result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismometer, the technical means of determining the position of the underground fault can be utilized, the scattered wave data of the tracing pane according to the direct wave signal data and the noise signal data can be filtered, the scattered intensity of all scattered waves can be determined without complex data processing, the position of the underground fault in the optical fiber distribution range of the optical fiber seismometer can be determined according to the scattered intensity of the scattered waves, and the position of the underground fault can be simply and quickly positioned accurately, so that the technical problems that in the related technology, the method for detecting the position of the underground fault needs complex data processing, the time consumption is long, the popularization is impossible are solved, the method has equal detection capability on the smaller underground fault and the blind fault, and the cost is low, and the popularization is convenient.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a flow chart of an automatic detection method of an underground fault based on distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of a waveform of seismic data recorded by a fiber optic seismograph;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a schematic of a trace-source pane's morphology in a waveform diagram of seismic data;
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a plot of scattered intensity versus integration of scattered waves in seismic data for a single seismic event;
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a plot of scattered intensity versus integration result of scattered waves in seismic data for a plurality of seismic events;
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of seismic data conversion from the range time domain to the frequency-wave number domain for filtering;
FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a block diagram of an automatic detection device for subsurface faults based on distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
Fig. 8 schematically illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device suitable for implementing the above-described distributed fiber acoustic wave sensing-based automatic detection method of subsurface faults, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only exemplary and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and/or the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be construed to have meanings consistent with the context of the present specification and should not be construed in an idealized or overly formal manner.
Where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B and C, etc." is used, in general such a convention should be interpreted in accordance with the meaning of one of skill in the art having generally understood the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B and C" would include, but not be limited to, systems having a alone, B alone, C alone, a and B together, a and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, C together, etc.). Where a formulation similar to at least one of "A, B or C, etc." is used, in general such a formulation should be interpreted in accordance with the ordinary understanding of one skilled in the art (e.g. "a system with at least one of A, B or C" would include but not be limited to systems with a alone, B alone, C alone, a and B together, a and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, C together, etc.).
The earthquake is initiated by the rapid release of energy from the medium inside the earth's crust, a portion of which propagates and spreads in the form of elastic waves, i.e. seismic waves. Seismic waves can be divided into two types, bulk waves (L-waves), which in turn include transverse waves (S-waves) and longitudinal waves (P-waves).
The underground fault is a structure in which the crust is stressed to break and the rock blocks at two sides of the broken surface are subjected to remarkable relative displacement, and the physical properties such as seismic wave speed, rheological property and the like of the medium in the structure are changed. When a seismic wave passes through an underground fault, the underground fault may appear as a scatterer due to local heterogeneity, so that the body wave is scattered toward the surface wave, and a building or the like is strongly damaged, so that it is necessary to determine the position of the underground fault, thereby reducing damage generated when an earthquake occurs.
In the related art, one method of identifying subsurface faults is a geological survey method, typically a geological survey team is dispatched to observe the earth's surface, which is labor-intensive and difficult to find small and blind faults. In other imaging methods for blind faults, there are also different respective defects, such as a tomography method, the resolution is too low to image the small fault; the method for drawing the 3D seismogram by the active source is high in cost and not suitable for large-scale general investigation.
Because of the high frequency of scattered wave of the subsurface fault and the high attenuation speed, the traditional seismic instrument is difficult to capture the signal. As an emerging technology, distributed fiber seismometers set common fibers as dense arrays for detecting axial strain rates of the earth's surface, with high spatial frequencies making it possible to observe fault scatter signals. In addition, the amplitude amplification effect of the fracture zone medium on the strain rate is far greater than that of the velocity field detected by a traditional seismometer, and an advantage condition is provided for the distributed optical fiber sampling fault scattering signal, so that the underground fault detection method is developed. The recording of distributed optical fiber data can detect and accurately position the underground fault by using a background noise interferometry method and a back projection method, but the method still needs a researcher to carry out complex data processing, is long in time consumption and is not easy to popularize. Therefore, an underground fault detection method which has the same detection capability to small faults and blind faults, is simple, convenient and quick, has low cost and is convenient to popularize is needed.
In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide an automatic detection method for an underground fault based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing. The method comprises the steps of obtaining seismic data recorded by an optical fiber seismograph, wherein optical fibers of the optical fiber seismograph are distributed in an area of an underground fault to be identified; carrying out frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data for filtering direct wave signal data and noise signal data; determining scattering intensity of all scattered waves in a oscillogram of scattered wave data by utilizing a tracing pane; integrating the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result; and determining the position of the underground fault according to the integral result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismometer.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a flow chart of an automatic detection method of an underground fault based on distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the method includes operations S101 to S105.
In operation S101, seismic data recorded by a fiber optic seismometer is acquired, wherein optical fibers of the fiber optic seismometer are distributed over an area of a subsurface fault to be identified.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the fiber optic seismograph may be a distributed fiber optic seismograph. The total length of the distributed fiber seismometers is typically tens to tens of kilometers, often in a linear distribution. In areas where seismic disasters are frequent, the optical fibers of a distributed fiber optic seismometer may intersect multiple known or unknown faults. When the earthquake occurs, the earthquake wave passes through the area and is detected by the fiber-optic seismograph, thereby generating earthquake data.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, each occurrence of an earthquake may be recorded as one earthquake event, the earthquake data may be data obtained by detecting one earthquake event, or may be data obtained by detecting a plurality of earthquake events, where in the case of selecting a plurality of earthquake events, in order to reduce interference of a human activity noise signal (such as traffic noise), the earthquake event occurring at night may be selected, for example, the earthquake event from 23:00 night to 7:00 night is selected. In addition, manual screening of events with high signal-to-noise ratios also helps to produce optimal detection results, but is not limited thereto.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the optical fiber of the optical fiber seismometer can be used as a sampling point at intervals, the time and the position of the seismic wave passing through the optical fiber sampling point can be recorded in the seismic data, and the optical fiber of one sampling point can be sampled by a plurality of channels.
In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there are strong low velocity anomalies within the medium of the subsurface fault that cause the bulk wave of the earthquake to scatter as surface waves in the form of secondary sources as it passes through. The measurement of the surface strain rate by the distributed optical fiber is in the order of meters, and belongs to a dense array. The high spatial sampling rate of the fiber optic seismograph enables the detection capability of the fiber optic seismograph on the surface high-frequency signals to be obviously improved compared with that of the conventional seismograph, and high-quality fault scattered waves can be recorded. The fault scatter wavefield in a linear fiber optic recording exhibits a "chevron" character.
Fig. 2 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a waveform of seismic data recorded by a fiber optic seismograph.
As shown in fig. 2, the seismic event is a 10km long distributed fiber optic recorded seismic data deployed somewhere. As can be seen from fig. 2, the first arriving distinct seismic phase is a P-wave (at about 7-8S) and the second arriving distinct seismic phase is an S-wave (at about 8.5-10S). The three square boxes in fig. 2 are shown as three distinct scattered wave fields excited by the P-wave wake and the S-wave wake, which are "herringbone" in the waveform. Such scattered signals are inferred to emanate from subsurface faults.
In operation S102, the seismic data is subjected to frequency wave number filtering, so as to obtain scattered wave data from which direct wave signal data and noise signal data are filtered.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, wave fields of seismic waves in seismic data can be analyzed and separated through Frequency Wave-number (FK filtering for short), wave fields of the seismic waves are filtered from three dimensions of Frequency, wave number and apparent velocity, direct Wave signals and noise signals are weakened, and scattered Wave data sent by underground faults are obtained.
In operation S103, the scattering intensities of all scattered waves are determined in the waveform diagram of the scattered wave data using the trace-source pane.
In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a pre-stack migration technique in seismic exploration is capable of homing the reflected waves in a common shot gather record onto a reflective interface and converging diffracted waves onto the diffraction points from which it was generated. By means of the thought of an offset method, the variable-slope inclined tracing pane for comprehensively measuring duration, symmetry and phase consistency is provided based on physical essence strictly so as to trace scattered waves emitted by underground faults. The waveform of the scattered wave data is recorded in terms of time and position of the optical fiber, so the trace-back pane can scale the time and position of the waveform.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the scattering intensity of the scattered wave can be obtained according to the scattered wave in the tracing pane.
In operation S104, the scattering intensity is integrated over a time domain, resulting in an integration result.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the scattered intensity of the scattered wave can be integrated in a time domain to obtain an integrated result, and the integrated result can represent the scattered wave intensity distribution of the underground fault of the area of the underground fault to be identified according to the propagation characteristics of the seismic wave in the underground fault.
In operation S105, the position of the subsurface fault is determined from the integration result and the fiber distribution of the fiber optic seismograph.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the position where the scattered wave is strong in the integration result may be caused by the subsurface fault, and the position of the optical fiber corresponding to the position of the scattered wave is determined according to the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismometer, and is determined as the position of the subsurface fault.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, acquiring seismic data recorded by a fiber optic seismometer is employed, wherein the optical fibers of the fiber optic seismometer are distributed over an area of an subsurface fault to be identified; carrying out frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data for filtering direct wave signal data and noise signal data; determining scattering intensity of all scattered waves in a oscillogram of scattered wave data by utilizing a tracing pane; integrating the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result; according to the integral result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismometer, the technical means of determining the position of the underground fault can be utilized, the scattered wave data of the tracing pane according to the direct wave signal data and the noise signal data can be filtered, the scattered intensity of all scattered waves can be determined without complex data processing, the position of the underground fault in the optical fiber distribution range of the optical fiber seismometer can be determined according to the scattered intensity of the scattered waves, and the position of the underground fault can be simply and quickly positioned accurately, so that the technical problems that in the related technology, the method for detecting the position of the underground fault needs complex data processing, the time consumption is long, the popularization is impossible are solved, the method has equal detection capability on the smaller underground fault and the blind fault, and the cost is low, and the popularization is convenient.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, before performing frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data with direct wave signal data and noise signal data filtered, the method further includes:
determining shock noise data in the seismic data, wherein the shock noise data is noise data caused by non-seismic waves;
The shock noise data in the seismic data is modified to eliminate the effects of the shock noise data.
In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, in the waveform of seismic data, there may be a waveform that suddenly appears to be abnormal, possibly due to an animal such as a mouse, insect, etc. suddenly passing near the fiber, or possibly due to the fiber seismograph itself, we define these noise data that are not seismic waves to be shock noise data.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the data of all channels of a certain sampling point in the seismic data are uniformly considered, and the regional deviation of each point is definedD 1,d2 is the absolute value of the difference between the seismic data at the sampling point and the sampling points adjacent to each other. In statistics, the 3 sigma principle is often used, and the abnormal value is measured by taking three standard deviations of the statistical mean as thresholds. We refer to the idea of introducing a robust measure that is more adaptive to outliers in the dataset than to standard deviation, i.e. absolute median deviation (Median Absolute Deviation, MAD). Marking data points with the area deviation d being 5 times larger than the area deviation median as abnormal values, automatically adjusting and screening the abnormal values in the seismic data according to the characteristics of single-channel appearance and no continuity of the shock noise data, determining the shock noise data, and modifying the shock noise data into values which do not influence underground faults, thereby eliminating the influence of the shock noise data.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein determining shock noise data in seismic data comprises:
selecting a predetermined number of reference data according to the positions of all sampling points of the seismic data;
and under the condition that the ratio of the strain rate amplitude of the seismic data of the sampling point to the strain rate amplitude of the reference data is larger than a preset threshold value, determining the seismic data of the sampling point as shock noise data.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the predetermined number may be 5 tracks, for example, for the positions of sampling points, the same sampling points of the left and right 5 tracks thereof may be selected to form a set of reference data.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the strain rate amplitude of the maximum value in the reference data may be divided by the seismic data of the sampling point to obtain a ratio, and the predetermined threshold may be set to 2, and in the case where the ratio is greater than 2, the seismic data of the sampling point is determined to be shock noise data, that is, the strain rate amplitude of the sampling point is greater than 2 times the maximum value in the reference data set.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, in the case that the positions of the sampling points are not a predetermined number of positions, the data of the sampling points can be discarded because the optical fibers are generally distributed widely, and the intervals of the sampling points are generally a few meters, which usually has no influence.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein modifying shock noise data in seismic data to eliminate the effect of the shock noise data includes:
and modifying the shock noise data in the seismic data based on the seismic data acquired at sampling points adjacent to the shock noise data to eliminate the influence of the shock noise data.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, in the case of determining the shock noise data, data of sampling points adjacent to the sampling points of the shock noise data may be acquired, and interpolation may be performed instead of the measurement value of the shock noise data.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, determining, with the trace-source pane, scattering intensities of all scattered waves in a waveform diagram of scattered-wave data includes:
determining all scattering sources in a oscillogram of the scattered wave data by utilizing a tracing pane;
For each scattering source:
Other scattering sources on two sides of the scattering source are obliquely overlapped according to a preset viewing speed, so that two column vectors representing unidirectional propagation of a scattering wave field are obtained;
the scattering intensity of the scattered wave is determined based on the dot product of the two column vectors.
Fig. 3 schematically shows a schematic of the morphology of the trace-out pane in a waveform diagram of seismic data.
As shown in fig. 3, in the tracing pane, a certain point on the waveform chart is taken as an assumed scattering source, in a stage that the bulk wave wake reaches the optical fiber, a duration of the scattering source for continuously scattering the surface wave outwards is set to be t, and the number of sampling points is n t＝dt*fs, where d t is an interval of sampling points, f s is a sampling frequency, a propagation distance of the scattering surface wave on two sides in the axial direction of the attenuation front optical fiber is set to be x, and a channel number n x＝x/dx,dx of the scattering surface wave detected on each side is set to be a channel interval of the same sampling point. The apparent velocity of the scattering surface wave is restricted to be within a certain range (generally 100-1000 m/s), n t sampling points are selected after the scattering of the scattering source is started, and the wave field data recorded by n x channels on the left and right of the scattering source are obliquely overlapped according to a certain assumed apparent velocity, so that two column vectors representing the one-way propagation of the scattering wave field are obtained. The point multiplication result of the column vectors of the one-way propagation of the scattered wave field is taken as the scattered intensity of the scattered wave at the assumed apparent velocity. Traversing the scattering wave apparent velocity in the constraint range, and searching the tracing result with the highest scattering intensity as the scattering intensity of the point.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, after seismic data points with the same width as the trace source pane are expanded on two sides of a waveform diagram of the seismic data, the trace source pane is used for scanning scattered wave data subjected to frequency wave number filtering, so that the scattering intensity of a single seismic event is obtained. As shown in fig. 4.
Fig. 4 schematically shows a plot of scattered intensity versus integration of scattered waves in seismic data for a single seismic event.
As shown in fig. 4, a scatter intensity plot 401 shows scatter intensities of scattered waves in seismic data of a single seismic event and an integration result plot 402 shows integration results over a time domain from scatter intensity plot 401. In the integral result map 402, three significant peaks are shown, inferred as three subsurface faults intersecting the optical fiber in that region. According to the time information from the bulk wave to the optical fiber sampling point in the seismic data, the seismic waveforms in the range of the P wave wake and the S wave wake can be scanned respectively, so that the scattering intensity distribution of the two types of bulk wave wake with stronger analyzability is obtained.
Fig. 5 schematically shows a plot of scattered intensity versus integration result of scattered waves in seismic data for multiple seismic events.
As shown in fig. 5, a scatter intensity map 501 shows scatter intensities of scattered waves in the same seismic data of 154 times of seismic events as the sampling points of the seismic data of the single seismic event in fig. 4, and an integration result map 502 shows integration results over a time domain according to the scatter intensity map 501. In the integral result map 502, three distinct peaks are similarly displayed, three subsurface faults intersecting the optical fibers in the region are inferred, and the positions of the three subsurface faults substantially correspond to the results of the fourth fault and fold database of the geology survey bureau, consistent with a seismology study for the same region.
The results of fig. 4 and fig. 5 are combined to obtain that the position of the underground fault obtained by the method for detecting the underground fault provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is true and accurate, and is consistent with reality, and the method also has certain precision and reliability for determining the position of the underground fault according to the seismic data of the single seismic event with better data quality; the data set is used for detecting a plurality of earthquake events, so that a more accurate and smooth result can be obtained; the smaller standard deviation of the detection result shows that the method has good robustness and stability.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, performing frequency wave number filtering on seismic data to obtain scattered wave data with direct wave signal data and noise signal data filtered, includes:
Transforming the seismic data in the distance time domain into the frequency wave number domain through Fourier transform;
filtering direct wave signals and noise signals in the seismic data by using preset parameters to obtain scattered wave data in a frequency wave number domain;
And inversely changing the scattered wave data in the frequency wave number domain to obtain scattered wave data in the distance time domain.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the elastic wave wavefield exists in two expressions, namely a distance-time (x-t) domain and a frequency-wavenumber (f-k) domain, which are equivalent and interconvertible. For seismic data measured equidistant through distributed optical fibers, its waveform map is a discrete x-t domain wavefield.
Fig. 6 schematically shows a diagram of the conversion of seismic data from the range time domain to the frequency-wavenumber domain for filtering.
As shown in fig. 6, an initial distance time domain waveform plot 601 may be transformed from the x-t domain into an initial frequency wavenumber domain spectrogram 602 using a two-dimensional fast fourier transform. In the frequency spectrum of the f-k domain of the initial frequency wavenumber domain spectrogram 602, the horizontal axis corresponds to the frequency of the seismic wave and the vertical axis corresponds to the wavenumber of the seismic wave. Since the wavenumber k=2pi/λ, the wavespeed v=λ·f=2pi f/λ, and thus the slope of the f-k spectrum corresponds to the apparent velocity of the seismic wave in the axial direction of the fiber. The signal to be filtered can be set to zero through the user-defined parameters or default parameters, namely, the direct wave signal and the noise signal in the seismic data are filtered through the preset parameters to obtain a target frequency wave number domain spectrogram 603, and then the target frequency wave number domain spectrogram 603 in the frequency wave number domain is inversely converted back to the x-t domain to obtain a target distance time domain waveform 604 for filtering the direct wave and the noise signal and retaining scattered waves.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the direct wave signal and the noise signal in the seismic data are filtered, so that the influence of the direct wave signal and the noise signal on the position of the underground fault can be effectively eliminated, and the position of the underground fault can be accurately determined.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, before converting the seismic data in the distance time domain into the frequency wavenumber domain by fourier transform, the above method further comprises:
Normalizing the seismic data to obtain normalized seismic data;
waveform pinch-out is performed on the edge waveforms of the waveform map of the normalized seismic data to reduce artifacts arising from the edge waveforms.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to reduce the amount of computation, the seismic data in the distance time domain may be normalized before being converted into the frequency-wavenumber domain by fourier transform, to obtain normalized seismic data, and for example, the data may be normalized using a Z-score method to obtain normalized seismic data.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, since the edge value of the waveform diagram of the normalized seismic data may be large, thereby causing the occurrence of a glitch, the edge waveform of the waveform diagram of the normalized seismic data may be waveform-pinch-out. For example, the waveform can be pinch-out using a 1/2 cosine function for the upper and lower (time domain) edges and the left and right (spatial domain) edges of the waveform map, respectively.
Fig. 7 schematically illustrates a block diagram of an automatic detection device for subsurface faults based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 7, the automatic detection device 700 for subsurface fault based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing includes an acquisition module 710, a first obtaining module 720, a first determining module 730, a second obtaining module 740, and a second determining module 750.
An acquisition module 710 for acquiring seismic data recorded by a fiber optic seismograph, wherein optical fibers of the fiber optic seismograph are distributed in a region of an underground fault to be identified;
The first obtaining module 720 is configured to perform frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data that filters out direct wave signal data and noise signal data;
A first determining module 730, configured to determine scattering intensities of all scattered waves in a waveform chart of the scattered wave data by using a tracing pane;
A second obtaining module 740, configured to integrate the scattering intensity over a time domain to obtain an integrated result;
a second determining module 750 is configured to determine a position of the subsurface fault based on the integration result and the fiber distribution of the fiber optic seismometer.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above apparatus further includes:
The third determining module is used for determining shock wave noise data in the seismic data before the seismic data is subjected to frequency wave number filtering to obtain scattered wave data for filtering direct wave signal data and noise signal data, wherein the shock wave noise data is noise data caused by non-seismic waves;
and the modification module is used for modifying the shock wave noise data in the seismic data so as to eliminate the influence of the shock wave noise data.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the third determining module for determining shock noise data in the seismic data comprises:
the first determining unit is used for selecting a preset number of reference data according to the positions of all sampling points of the seismic data;
And the second determining unit is used for determining the seismic data of the sampling point as shock noise data under the condition that the ratio of the strain rate amplitude of the seismic data of the sampling point to the strain rate amplitude of the reference data is larger than a preset threshold value.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the modification module for modifying shock noise data in seismic data to eliminate an effect of the shock noise data includes:
And the modification unit is used for modifying the shock noise data in the seismic data based on the seismic data acquired by sampling points adjacent to the shock noise data so as to eliminate the influence of the shock noise data.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first determining module for determining the scattering intensity of all scattered waves in the waveform diagram of the scattered wave data using the tracing pane comprises:
the third determining unit is used for determining all scattering sources in the oscillogram of the scattered wave data by utilizing the tracing pane;
For each scattering source:
Other scattering sources on two sides of the scattering source are obliquely overlapped according to a preset viewing speed, so that two column vectors representing unidirectional propagation of a scattering wave field are obtained;
the scattering intensity of the scattered wave is determined based on the dot product of the two column vectors.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the first obtaining module for performing frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data for filtering out direct wave signal data and noise signal data includes:
a first obtaining unit for converting the seismic data in the distance time domain into the frequency wave number domain through Fourier transform;
The second obtaining unit is used for filtering the direct wave signal and the noise signal in the seismic data by utilizing preset parameters to obtain scattered wave data in the frequency wave number domain;
and a third obtaining unit for inversely changing the scattered wave data in the frequency wave number domain to obtain scattered wave data in the distance time domain.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above apparatus further includes:
The normalization module is used for carrying out normalization processing on the seismic data before the seismic data in the distance time domain are converted into the frequency wave number domain through Fourier transformation, so as to obtain normalized seismic data;
And the waveform pinch-out module is used for performing waveform pinch-out on the edge waveform of the waveform diagram of the normalized seismic data so as to reduce false signals caused by the edge waveform.
Any number of modules, sub-modules, units, sub-units, or at least some of the functionality of any number of the sub-units according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in one module. Any one or more of the modules, sub-modules, units, sub-units according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented as split into multiple modules. Any one or more of the modules, sub-modules, units, sub-units according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented at least in part as a hardware circuit, such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Array (PLA), a system-on-chip, a system-on-substrate, a system-on-package, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or in any other reasonable manner of hardware or firmware that integrates or encapsulates the circuit, or in any one of or a suitable combination of three of software, hardware, and firmware. Or one or more of the modules, sub-modules, units, sub-units according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be at least partially implemented as computer program modules, which, when executed, may perform the corresponding functions.
For example, any of the acquisition module 710, the first obtaining module 720, the first determining module 730, the second obtaining module 740, and the second determining module 750 may be combined in one module/unit/sub-unit or any of the modules/units/sub-units may be split into a plurality of modules/units/sub-units. Or at least some of the functionality of one or more of these modules/units/sub-units may be combined with at least some of the functionality of other modules/units/sub-units and implemented in one module/unit/sub-unit. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one of the acquisition module 710, the first acquisition module 720, the first determination module 730, the second acquisition module 740, and the second determination module 750 may be implemented at least in part as hardware circuitry, such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Array (PLA), a system on a chip, a system on a substrate, a system on a package, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or as hardware or firmware in any other reasonable manner of integrating or packaging the circuitry, or as any one of or a suitable combination of three of software, hardware, and firmware. Or at least one of the acquisition module 710, the first obtaining module 720, the first determining module 730, the second obtaining module 740, and the second determining module 750 may be at least partially implemented as computer program modules, which when executed, may perform the respective functions.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the portion of the automatic detection device for an underground fault based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing corresponds to the portion of the automatic detection method for an underground fault based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and the description of the portion of the automatic detection device for an underground fault based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing specifically refers to the portion of the automatic detection method for an underground fault based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing, which is not described herein again.
Fig. 8 schematically illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device suitable for implementing the above-described distributed fiber acoustic wave sensing-based automatic detection method of subsurface faults, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic device shown in fig. 8 is merely an example and should not be construed to limit the functionality and scope of use of the disclosed embodiments.
As shown in fig. 8, an electronic device 800 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor 801 that can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM) 802 or a program loaded from a storage section 808 into a Random Access Memory (RAM) 803. The processor 801 may include, for example, a general purpose microprocessor (e.g., a CPU), an instruction set processor and/or an associated chipset and/or special purpose microprocessor (e.g., an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)), or the like. The processor 801 may also include on-board memory for caching purposes. The processor 801 may include a single processing unit or multiple processing units for performing the different actions of the method flows according to embodiments of the disclosure.
In the RAM 803, various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 800 are stored. The processor 801, the ROM802, and the RAM 803 are connected to each other by a bus 804. The processor 801 performs various operations of the method flow according to the embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs in the ROM802 and/or the RAM 803. Note that the program may be stored in one or more memories other than the ROM802 and the RAM 803. The processor 801 may also perform various operations of the method flows according to embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs stored in the one or more memories.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the electronic device 800 may also include an input/output (I/O) interface 805, the input/output (I/O) interface 805 also being connected to the bus 804. The system 800 may also include one or more of the following components connected to the I/O interface 805: an input portion 806 including a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output portion 807 including a display such as a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), and a speaker; a storage section 808 including a hard disk or the like; and a communication section 809 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, or the like. The communication section 809 performs communication processing via a network such as the internet. The drive 810 is also connected to the I/O interface 805 as needed. A removable medium 811 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 810 as needed so that a computer program read out therefrom is mounted into the storage section 808 as needed.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the method flow according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented as a computer software program. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program code for performing the method shown in the flowcharts. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network via the communication section 809, and/or installed from the removable media 811. The above-described functions defined in the system of the embodiments of the present disclosure are performed when the computer program is executed by the processor 801. The systems, devices, apparatus, modules, units, etc. described above may be implemented by computer program modules according to embodiments of the disclosure.
The present disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium that may be embodied in the apparatus/device/system described in the above embodiments; or may exist alone without being assembled into the apparatus/device/system. The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs which, when executed, implement methods in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. Examples may include, but are not limited to: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
For example, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the computer-readable storage medium may include ROM 802 and/or RAM 803 and/or one or more memories other than ROM 802 and RAM 803 described above.
The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features recited in the various embodiments of the disclosure and/or in the claims may be combined in various combinations and/or combinations, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly recited in the disclosure. In particular, the features recited in the various embodiments of the present disclosure and/or the claims may be variously combined and/or combined without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present disclosure. All such combinations and/or combinations fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
The embodiments of the present disclosure are described above. These examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although the embodiments are described above separately, this does not mean that the measures in the embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. Various alternatives and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the disclosure, and such alternatives and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. An automatic detection method of underground faults based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing comprises the following steps:
Acquiring seismic data recorded by an optical fiber seismometer, wherein optical fibers of the optical fiber seismometer are distributed in an area of an underground fault to be identified;
Performing frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data for filtering direct wave signal data and noise signal data;
Determining scattering intensity of all scattered waves in a waveform chart of the scattered wave data by using a tracing pane, wherein the waveform chart is recorded according to time and the position of the optical fiber, and the tracing pane takes the time and the position in the waveform chart as scales and is used for tracing scattered waves sent by an underground fault;
Integrating the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result; and
Determining the position of an underground fault according to the integration result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismograph;
The determining, by using a tracing pane, scattering intensities of all scattered waves in the waveform diagram of the scattered wave data includes:
determining all scattering sources in the oscillogram of the scattered wave data by utilizing the tracing pane;
For each of the scattering sources:
other scattering sources on two sides of the scattering source are obliquely overlapped according to a preset viewing speed, so that two column vectors representing unidirectional propagation of a scattering wave field are obtained;
And determining the scattering intensity of the scattered wave based on the dot product of the two column vectors.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to subjecting the seismic data to frequency wavenumber filtering to obtain scattered wave data that filters out direct wave signal data and noise signal data:
Determining shock noise data in the seismic data, wherein the shock noise data is noise data caused by non-seismic waves;
and modifying the shock noise data in the seismic data to eliminate the influence of the shock noise data.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the determining shock noise data in the seismic data comprises:
selecting a predetermined number of reference data according to the positions of all sampling points of the seismic data;
and determining the seismic data of the sampling point as shock noise data under the condition that the ratio of the strain rate amplitude of the seismic data of the sampling point to the strain rate amplitude of the reference data is larger than a preset threshold value.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein said modifying the shock noise data in the seismic data to cancel the effect of the shock noise data comprises:
And modifying the shock noise data in the seismic data based on the seismic data acquired by sampling points adjacent to the shock noise data so as to eliminate the influence of the shock noise data.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said subjecting the seismic data to frequency wavenumber filtering to obtain scattered wave data that filters out direct wave signal data and noise signal data comprises:
Transforming the seismic data in the distance time domain into the frequency wavenumber domain by fourier transform;
Filtering direct wave signals and noise signals in the seismic data by using preset parameters to obtain scattered wave data in a frequency wave number domain;
And reversely changing the scattered wave data in the frequency wave number domain to obtain scattered wave data in a distance time domain.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising, prior to said transforming the seismic data in the range time domain into the frequency wavenumber domain by fourier transform:
Normalizing the seismic data to obtain normalized seismic data;
Waveform pinch-out is performed on the edge waveforms of the waveform map of the normalized seismic data to reduce artifacts arising from the edge waveforms.
7. An automatic detection device for underground faults based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing, comprising:
The acquisition module is used for acquiring the seismic data recorded by the fiber-optic seismograph, wherein the fibers of the fiber-optic seismograph are distributed in the area of the underground fault to be identified;
the first obtaining module is used for carrying out frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data for filtering direct wave signal data and noise signal data;
The first determining module is used for determining scattering intensity of all scattered waves in a waveform diagram of the scattered wave data by utilizing a tracing pane, wherein the waveform diagram is recorded according to time and the position of the optical fiber, and the tracing pane takes the time and the position in the waveform diagram as scales and is used for tracing scattered waves sent by underground faults;
The second obtaining module is used for integrating the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result;
The second determining module is used for determining the position of the underground fault according to the integration result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismograph;
Wherein the first determining module includes:
A third determining unit, configured to determine all scattering sources in the oscillogram of the scattered wave data by using the tracing pane;
For each of the scattering sources:
other scattering sources on two sides of the scattering source are obliquely overlapped according to a preset viewing speed, so that two column vectors representing unidirectional propagation of a scattering wave field are obtained;
And determining the scattering intensity of the scattered wave based on the dot product of the two column vectors.
8. An electronic device, comprising:
one or more processors;
A memory for storing one or more programs,
Wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method of any of claims 1 to 6.
9. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions which when executed by a processor cause the processor to implement the method of any of claims 1 to 6.
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