CN115534426A - 2.5D needling combined structure three-dimensional fabric and forming method thereof - Google Patents
2.5D needling combined structure three-dimensional fabric and forming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115534426A CN115534426A CN202211019350.3A CN202211019350A CN115534426A CN 115534426 A CN115534426 A CN 115534426A CN 202211019350 A CN202211019350 A CN 202211019350A CN 115534426 A CN115534426 A CN 115534426A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
- B32B5/073—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper characterised by the fibrous or filamentary layer being mechanically connected to another layer by sewing, stitching, hook-and-loop fastening or stitchbonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D25/00—Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
- D03D25/005—Three-dimensional woven fabrics
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
- B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a 2.5D needling combined structure three-dimensional fabric and a forming method thereof, a certain number of warps are distributed on a preparation mould, the 2.5D structure fabric with a certain area height is woven from the top according to a specific interweaving rule, a part of length of the warps is reserved, and the rest is prepared by adopting a needling process. The method combines the advantages of good interlayer performance of the 2.5D technical fabric, high speed of the needle-punched technical fabric and low cost, the prepared three-dimensional fabric with the combined structure meets the requirement of high mechanical service performance at the top, the preparation period is shortened, and the production problem of high efficiency and low cost of the conical fabric is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a 2.5D needled three-dimensional fabric with a combined structure and a forming method thereof.
Background
The 2.5D structure is characterized in that weft fibers are introduced when the positions of two adjacent layers of warp fibers are exchanged with each other, the weft fibers are continuously and orderly arranged in multiple directions in a three-dimensional space according to a set structure, and the weft fibers are completely and integrally connected with each other to form a fiber fabric.
The needling structure is characterized in that a short fiber net tire and continuous long fiber base cloth are used as raw materials, short fibers are partially vertical from a plane direction through reciprocating motion of a needling needle, and the short fibers are stacked and accumulated to form a three-dimensional prefabricated body with an interlayer connection structure. The size and the thickness of the fabric are not limited, the pores are small and uniform, and the preparation efficiency is high. However, the fibers are damaged by the multiple actions of the felting needles, and the interlayer connection strength of the fabric is less than 2.5D, so that the use of the fabric in a high-performance conical fabric is limited.
At present, the technology of combining the 2.5D technology and the needling technology according to the requirements of the performance, the load and the like of the fabric at different positions appears in the prior art, but the two technologies are basically combined in the radial direction of the fabric, for example, the needling technology is adopted in the radial inner part, and the 2.5D technology is adopted in the outer part, the fabric with the radial combined structure only meets the requirements of different mechanical properties of a composite material in the thickness direction, is only suitable for a plane fabric or a cylindrical fabric, and cannot meet the performance requirement of variable load of a conical fabric in the height direction.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a 2.5D needling combined structure three-dimensional fabric and a forming method thereof.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a 2.5D needling combined structure three-dimensional fabric,
the three-dimensional fabric is formed by combining a 2.5D structure section and a needle-punched structure section from high to low in height, and the three-dimensional fabric is conical.
Further, the 2.5D structure section is located from the top of the three-dimensional fabric to the first height, and the needling structure section is located from the first height of the three-dimensional fabric to the bottom.
A method for forming the 2.5D needling combined structure three-dimensional fabric,
the method comprises the following steps: determining the total row number m and the layer number n of warps on a preparation mould according to the size of the three-dimensional fabric, primarily arranging the warps, and then preparing a 2.5D structure section at the top of the three-dimensional fabric by adopting a 2.5D process, wherein the vertical distance from an inner layer to the top of the mould in a 2.5D area is a, the vertical distance from an outer layer to the top of the mould is b, and the total height of the mould is h;
step two: from the inner profile of the fabric, trimming one or X layers of warps to the vertical height L from the top of the mold according to the process design requirement, wherein X is an integer and is more than 1 and less than or equal to n;
step three: within the range of the vertical height h-L of the mould, laying fiber cloth or a fiber woven sleeve on the surface of the mould;
step four: within the range of the vertical height h-a of the mould, paving long fibers on the surface of the mould;
step five: laying a fiber net tire on the surface of the long fiber, and needling within the h-a vertical height range according to specified needling process parameters;
step six: trimming the warp yarn of the layer or the layer X adjacent to the step two to a vertical height p from the top of the die according to the process design requirement, wherein a is more than p and less than or equal to L;
step seven: within the range of the vertical height h-p of the mould, paving fiber cloth or a fiber woven sleeve on the surface of the fiber net tire in the fifth step;
step eight: paving long fibers on the surface of the fiber cloth or the fiber woven sleeve in the step seven within the range of the vertical height h-q of the mold, wherein q is between a and b;
step nine: layering a fiber mesh tire on the surface of the long fiber, and needling within the h-q vertical height range according to specified needling process parameters;
step ten: repeating the sixth step to the ninth step until all the n layers of warp yarns are needled, so as to obtain a needled structure section;
step eleven: and carrying out Z-direction interlayer reinforcement on the needled structure section to obtain the three-dimensional fabric.
Further, the first step specifically includes:
step 1: the warp yarns finish shedding motion according to the interweaving rule, and meanwhile, the weft yarns are introduced according to the requirement;
and 2, step: uniformly adding warp yarns according to the shape size of the fabric and a rule;
and 3, step 3: the warp yarns finish secondary shedding motion according to the interweaving rule, and meanwhile, the weft yarns are introduced secondarily according to the requirement;
and 4, step 4: repeating steps 2-3 until the top area of the fabric is prepared;
and 5: and fixing the prepared area by using a dimensional tool to ensure the profiling precision of the 2.5D area fabric.
Further, a > b or a = b.
Further, dimension type frock is metal or flexible nylon material.
Furthermore, the area of the needling structure section for Z-direction interlayer reinforcement comprises the area of the connection of the needling structure section and the 2.5D structure section, and the reinforcement mode comprises sewing and Z-pin.
Further, the long fibers are one or more of independent fiber yarns, fiber cloth, fiber yarns and fiber cloth combination, and the three-dimensional fabric is made of one or more of quartz fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, mullite fibers or silicon nitride fibers.
Further, the angle range of the long fibers of the ply and the axial warp yarns is 0-90 degrees, and the volume density of the 2.5D area is 0.7-1.3g/cm 3 The volume density of the acupuncture area is 0.1-0.9 g/cm 3 The needling depth is 6 to 25 mm/needling, and the needling density is 5 to 35 needles/cm 2 。
The 2.5D needled three-dimensional fabric with the combined structure is prepared by the forming method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The 2.5D composite material has higher delamination resistance and impact damage tolerance, but the 2.5D weaving technology has higher cost, complex process and slow speed, so that the wide application of the 2.5D weaving technology is hindered. The needling forming method has the advantages of simple process, short production period, high automation degree, low cost, capability of manufacturing large-scale complex shapes and the like. The forming of the needling preform overcomes the defect of weak bonding strength between 2D layering forming layers, avoids the defects of complex multi-dimensional weaving process and high cost, and has the advantages of high interlaminar shear strength, uniform pore distribution, easy forming and compactness, strong designability, contribution to industrial production and the like. The conical fabric is effectively combined by a 2.5D structure and a needling structure, the 2.5D area in the composite material meets the ablation resistance in the using process, and the needling area can realize low-cost and high-efficiency preparation on the premise of meeting the mechanical property, so that the application range of the conical fabric is expanded.
(2) The 2.5D and the needling transition area are at the same height, the 2.5D structure is gradually transited to the needling structure from the inner profile, and after the integral forming, the Z-direction interlayer strengthening is carried out on the connection area by the sewing process, so that the mechanical property of the area is ensured, and the effective gradual change of the density is realized.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a three-dimensional fabric of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the dimensions of the individual sections of the three-dimensional fabric of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional fabric forming process of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional fabric forming process of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the dimensions of each section of the three-dimensional fabric according to the embodiment of the invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
with reference to fig. 1, a 2.5D + needling combined structure three-dimensional fabric is mainly prepared by arranging a certain amount of warp yarns on a preparation mould, weaving a 2.5D structure fabric 1 with a certain area height from the top according to a specific interweaving rule, reserving a part of length 2 for the warp yarns, and preparing the rest 3 by adopting a needling process. The method combines the advantages of good interlayer performance of the 2.5D technical fabric, high speed of the needle-punched technical fabric and low cost, the prepared three-dimensional fabric with the combined structure meets the requirement of high mechanical service performance at the top, the preparation period is shortened, and the production problem of high efficiency and low cost of the conical fabric is solved.
Example (b): the forming method of the 2.5D + needling combined structure three-dimensional fabric comprises the steps that the diameter of a large end face of the three-dimensional fabric is 300mm, the total height is 500mm, the equal wall thickness is 20mm, the 2.5D structure is formed in the area from the top to the large end by 100mm, and the rest is in a needling structure. The bulk density of the 2.5D region was 0.9g/cm 3 The volume density of the needle-punched area is 0.8g/cm 3 . The warp and weft density of the needle-punched area axial layering 190tex quartz fiber woven sleeve is 7.5 multiplied by 7.5 roots/cm.
The molding method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: 190tex quartz fiber is used as a raw material, the warp yarn is 190tex multiplied by 3 strands, the weft yarn is 190tex multiplied by 7 strands, the fabric warp density is 9 pieces/cm, and the weft density is 3 pieces/cm; arranging warps on the surface of a die with the height of 500mm, wherein the arrangement mode of the warps is that an upper layer 8 and a lower layer 8 are arranged, 2 heddle eyes are arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer at intervals, and a No. 45 reed is adopted;
step two: the warp yarns finish shedding motion according to the interweaving rule, and meanwhile, the weft yarns are introduced according to the requirement;
step three: uniformly adding warps according to the external dimension of the fabric;
step four: the warp yarns finish secondary shedding motion according to the interweaving rule, and meanwhile, the weft yarns are introduced secondarily according to the requirement;
step five: and repeating the third step and the fourth step until the 2.5D structural area from the top is finished. The vertical distance from the inner layer to the top of the die in the 2.5D area is 108mm, and the vertical distance from the outer layer to the top of the die is 88mm;
step six: fixing the outer surface of the prepared 2.5D area part by using a dimensional tool;
step seven: starting from the inner profile of the fabric, the first layer of warp yarns of the inner profile is trimmed to 140mm from the vertical top of the die;
step eight: and axially layering two layers of 190tex quartz fiber woven sleeves from the vertical height of 140mm from the top of the mould to the bottom of the mould, wherein the warp and weft density is 7.5 multiplied by 7.5 pieces/cm.
Step nine: spreading quartz fibers in the circumferential direction of the mold from the vertical height of the mold to the bottom of the mold, wherein the quartz fibers are in the structure of one layer of circumferential fibers (90 degrees to the warp) and one layer of plus or minus 45-degree fibers (plus or minus 45 degrees to the warp), and the fiber spacing is 4 pieces/cm;
step ten: laying a layer of quartz fiber net tire on the surface of the long fiber from the vertical height of the mold to the bottom of the mold at a distance of 99mm, and arranging the number of the holes per cm of the quartz fiber net tire according to the number of 15 2 The needling density and the needling depth of 15mm are from the ending area of the 2.5D area to the large end of the die;
step eleven: trimming the second layer of warp yarns to a vertical height 138mm from the top of the die;
step twelve: and axially layering two layers of 190tex quartz fiber woven sleeves from the vertical height 138mm away from the mold to the bottom of the mold, wherein the warp and weft density is 7.5 multiplied by 7.5 pieces/cm.
Step thirteen: the quartz fiber is layered annularly at the position, from 96mm to the bottom of the mold, of the vertical height of the mold, the quartz fiber is structurally a layer of annular fiber (90 degrees to the warp) and a layer of fiber with the angle of +/-45 degrees (+/-45 degrees to the warp), and the fiber distance is 3/cm;
fourteen steps: laying a layer of quartz fiber net tire on the surface of the long fiber from the vertical height of the mold to the bottom of the mold to the depth of 15 thorns/cm 2 The needling density and the needling depth of 15mm are needled from the end area of the 2.5D area to the large section of the die;
a fifteenth step: repeating the step eleven to the step fourteen, and sequentially trimming the lengths of the warp yarns to positions of 137mm, 136mm, 135mm, 134mm, 133mm, 132mm, 131mm, 130mm, 129mm, 128mm, 127mm, 126mm, 125mm, 124mm, 123mm, 122mm and 121 mm;
sixthly, the steps are as follows: after the needling area is completely prepared, the area is within the range of 110mm to 78mm from the top. The fabric was bi-directionally stitched with 190tex quartz fiber in the thickness direction.
According to the conical fabric prepared by the combined process, the top area is prepared by adopting a 2.5D structure, the other areas are prepared by adopting a needling structure, the top meets the requirement of high mechanical property, the efficient and rapid preparation can be realized, and the use requirements of the current market on the high performance and low cost of the conical fabric are met. The utility model provides a composite structure makes up through 2.5D structure and acupuncture structure in the direction of height, can satisfy the performance requirement of toper fabric in thickness direction, improves production efficiency.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A 2.5D needling combined structure three-dimensional fabric which is characterized in that,
the three-dimensional fabric is formed by combining a 2.5D structure section and a needle-punched structure section from high to low in height, and the three-dimensional fabric is conical.
2. The 2.5D needled combination structural open fabric of claim 1, wherein said 2.5D structural section is located from top to first height of open fabric and said needled structural section is located from first height to bottom of open fabric.
3. A method for forming a 2.5D needled combination structure three-dimensional fabric according to claim 1 or 2,
the method comprises the following steps: determining the total row number m and the layer number n of warps on a preparation mould according to the size of the three-dimensional fabric, primarily arranging the warps, and then preparing a 2.5D structure section at the top of the three-dimensional fabric by adopting a 2.5D process, wherein the vertical distance from the inner layer to the top of the mould in a 2.5D area is a, the vertical distance from the outer layer to the top of the mould is b, and the total height of the mould is h;
step two: from the inner profile of the fabric, trimming one or X layers of warp yarns to a vertical height L from the top of the mold according to the process design requirement, wherein X is an integer and is more than 1 and less than or equal to n;
step three: within the range of the vertical height h-L of the mould, laying fiber cloth or a fiber woven sleeve on the surface of the mould;
step four: within the range of the vertical height h-a of the mould, paving long fibers on the surface of the mould;
step five: laying a fiber net tire on the surface of the long fiber, and needling within the h-a vertical height range according to specified needling process parameters;
step six: trimming the warp yarn of the layer or the layer X adjacent to the step II according to the process design requirement to a vertical height p away from the top of the die, wherein a is more than p and less than or equal to L;
step seven: within the range of the vertical height h-p of the mould, paving fiber cloth or a fiber woven sleeve on the surface of the fiber net tire in the fifth step;
step eight: paving long fibers on the surface of the fiber cloth or the fiber woven sleeve in the step seven within the range of the vertical height h-q of the mold, wherein q is between a and b;
step nine: laying a fiber net tire on the surface of the long fiber, and needling within the h-q vertical height range according to specified needling process parameters;
step ten: repeating the sixth step to the ninth step until all the n layers of warp yarns are needled, so as to obtain a needled structure section;
step eleven: and carrying out Z-direction interlayer reinforcement on the needled structure section to obtain the three-dimensional fabric.
4. The molding method according to claim 3, wherein the first step specifically comprises:
step 1: the warp yarns finish shedding motion according to the interweaving rule, and meanwhile, the weft yarns are introduced according to the requirement;
step 2: uniformly adding warp yarns according to the shape size of the fabric and a rule;
and step 3: the warp yarns finish secondary shedding motion according to the interweaving rule, and meanwhile, the weft yarns are introduced secondarily according to the requirement;
and 4, step 4: repeating steps 2-3 until the top area of the fabric is prepared;
and 5: and fixing the prepared area by using a dimensional tool to ensure the profiling precision of the 2.5D area fabric.
5. The molding method according to claim 4, wherein a > b or a = b.
6. The molding method of claim 4, wherein the dimensional tooling is made of metal or flexible nylon.
7. The molding process of any one of claims 3-6 wherein the area where the needled structure section is Z-ply reinforced comprises the area where the needled structure section meets the 2.5D structure section.
8. The molding method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the long fibers are one or more of individual fiber filaments, fiber cloth, a combination of fiber filaments and fiber cloth, and the material of the three-dimensional fabric is one or more of quartz fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, mullite fibers or silicon nitride fibers.
9. A moulding process according to any one of claims 3 to 6 wherein the ply laid long fibres have a warp angle to the axial direction in the range 0 ° to 90 ° and the 2.5D region has a bulk density of 0.7 to 1.3g/cm 3 The volume density of the needling area is 0.1-0.9 g/cm 3 The needling depth is 6 to 25 mm/needling, and the needling density is 5 to 35 needles/cm 2 。
10. A 2.5D needled three-dimensional fabric of composite structure, wherein the three-dimensional fabric is prepared by the forming method of any one of claims 3 to 9.
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