CN115533279A - Deformation-preventing assembly welding method - Google Patents
Deformation-preventing assembly welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115533279A CN115533279A CN202211480117.5A CN202211480117A CN115533279A CN 115533279 A CN115533279 A CN 115533279A CN 202211480117 A CN202211480117 A CN 202211480117A CN 115533279 A CN115533279 A CN 115533279A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-deformation assembly welding method, and belongs to the technical field of welding. The assembly welding method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: a rigid fixing assembly method is adopted to compress the workpiece by using a tool; step two: performing positioning welding on the workpiece through intensive spot welding; step three: adjusting heat input at the side of increasing the wall thickness of the electric arc to carry out integral welding on the workpiece, and adopting a sectional skip welding method during the integral welding; step four: and carrying out limited vibration aging treatment on the workpiece and the tool together. The method has the advantages that the additional bending moment and torque generated during welding can be effectively offset through each step, the welding residual deformation of the workpiece is reduced, the stress release process is accelerated, the subsequent deformation is reduced, the workpiece meeting the requirements can be obtained without later correction, the deformation is further reduced, the welding quality is ensured, the method is simple, the method is easy to master, and the effect is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a deformation-preventing assembly welding method.
Background
At present, some thin plate workpieces made of stainless steel have high deformation requirements during processing, such as a lower inner shell composed of an inner shell wall and a side beam in a fuel assembly transportation container disclosed in chinese patent No. CN 111095436A. Since the weld is not located at the centroid and neutral plane of the workpiece, post-weld distortion is more difficult to control.
However, the following problems are encountered when welding stainless steel materials: 1. the stainless steel wire has large expansion coefficient and low thermal conductivity (1/5-1/6 of carbon steel), heat is not easy to dissipate, heat accumulation is serious, a large temperature gradient is formed near a molten pool, and large stress and deformation are generated; 2. the stainless steel sheet has insufficient self restraint degree, small rigidity and poor deformation resistance; 3. the heat capacity difference is caused by the thickness difference of base materials on two sides of the welding seam, the temperature rise on two sides is seriously inconsistent under the condition that a local heat source heats the base materials equally, and the distribution of a temperature field is extremely uneven. The problems are easy to cause local deformation of the welded workpiece, and the flatness requirement cannot be met after subsequent assembly.
In the existing welding process, intervention control is usually performed on welding deformation so as to avoid influence on product yield due to overlarge welding deformation. In view of the conventional welding deformation control method, the welding deformation control is mostly based on experience to set the welding pre-deformation and implement the post-welding reshaping. However, the factors affecting the welding deformation during mass production are very many, such as: the change of raw material components, the stability of stamping parts, the fluctuation of welding process, the fluctuation of grid voltage, the stability of welding equipment and the like can cause inconsistent and unstable welding deformation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the deformation-preventing assembly welding method can effectively solve the problem that the stainless steel is easy to deform during welding.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of welding comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: a rigid fixing assembly method is adopted to compress the workpiece by using a tool;
step two: carrying out positioning welding on the workpiece through intensive tack welding;
step three: adjusting the heat input of the arc on the side of increasing the wall thickness to integrally weld the workpiece, and adopting a sectional skip welding method during integral welding;
step four: and carrying out limited vibration aging treatment on the workpiece and the tool together.
In the first step, the tool comprises a rigid clamping fixture and a fixture, wherein the rigid clamping fixture and the fixture are matched with the shapes of two sides of the workpiece respectively, and the fixture is detachably arranged on the rigid clamping fixture.
The fixture comprises at least two fixtures, the distance between the fixtures is less than 330mm, and the two fixtures are respectively arranged at two end parts of the fixture.
In the second step, dense spot welding is performed by using a jump spot welding sequence.
In the second step, dense tack welding is performed in a tack welding sequence from the middle to the two sides.
The method also comprises the following steps between the second step and the third step: and (5) polishing to remove defects generated by positioning welding.
And in the third step, the integral welding is carried out in a virtual symmetry mode.
In the third step, the skip welding sequence of the integral welding is determined by adopting a dichotomy.
In the third step, the electric arc deflects to one side of the wall thickness, so that the temperature of the wall thickness is consistent with that of the two sides of the thin wall, and the temperature difference is reduced.
In the fourth step, before the limited vibration aging treatment, the tool is fixed through spot welding.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the deformation-preventing assembly welding method, the additional bending moment and the torque generated in the welding process can be effectively offset through all the steps, the residual deformation of the workpiece in welding is reduced, the stress release process is accelerated, the subsequent deformation is reduced, the workpiece meeting the requirements can be obtained without later correction, further the deformation is reduced, the welding quality is ensured, the method is simple and easy to master, and the effect is obvious.
2. The deformation-preventing assembly welding method provided by the method can ensure that the workpiece is well attached to the rigid mould, and the rigidity of the workpiece is increased; the stress concentration workpiece can be prevented from deforming during intensive spot welding; the heat accumulation can be reduced during integral welding, and the stress is balanced; the tool can be prevented from loosening during vibration aging treatment.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the tool and the workpiece.
The mark in the figure is: 1-workpiece, 11-edge beam, 12-inner shell wall, 2-rigid mould and 3-clamp.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
A deformation-preventing assembly welding method, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a rigid fixing assembly method is adopted to compress the workpiece 1 by using a tool;
step two: carrying out positioning welding on the workpiece 1 through intensive tack welding;
step three: adjusting heat input at the side of increasing the wall thickness of the electric arc to carry out integral welding on the workpiece, and adopting a sectional skip welding method during the integral welding;
step four: and (3) carrying out limited vibration aging treatment on the workpiece 1 and the tool.
Specifically, the rigid fixing and assembling method increases the rigidity of the workpiece 1, and simultaneously offsets additional bending moment and torque generated in subsequent welding, thereby reducing deformation. Wherein, during the compaction, the accessibility and the visibility during the welding are needed to be noticed, the welding operation and the observation position are needed to be reserved, the compaction tool cannot be too close to the welding seam, the welding rod can reach the welding position, and a sufficient swing space is needed.
The common tack welding, namely the tack welding, is generally a short welding line, namely the welding length is 25-80mm, and the welding length is different according to the length and the thickness of the workpiece 1, but the method adopts the dense tack welding, the shape of the welding line is punctiform, the workpieces 1 are better attached during the welding, the deformation resistance during the subsequent continuous welding is better, and the punctiform welding can ensure that the heat input during the tack welding is small, the deformation of two sides of the welding line is small, and provide a better fixing basis for the subsequent integral welding.
The heat input of the arc on the side with the increased wall thickness can be adjusted to reduce the temperature difference between two sides of the welding seam caused by the heat capacity difference, and meanwhile, the workpiece is made of stainless steel, so that the workpiece has a large thermal expansion coefficient and low thermal conductivity, and the heat is not easy to dissipate after being locally heated during welding. If in the continuous welding in a position of welding seam, the heat will be inevitable constantly accumulated, and welding point temperature can become very high, leads to forming great temperature gradient to produce great welding deformation, when the welding seam of work piece is longer, warp more easily for short welding seam, adopt the mode of segmentation skip welding can lack the accumulated heat and reduce thermal accumulation, further control welding stress and deformation, thereby reduce welding residual deformation.
The vibration aging treatment actually accelerates the stress relaxation and stress release processes caused by the welding and reduces the subsequent deformation, but the workpiece 1 deforms along with the release of the stress. The method aims to control the deformation of the workpiece 1, so that the workpiece 1 still keeps the shape in the stress relieving process, the tool and the workpiece 1 are put on a vibration table together for vibration aging treatment, the stress is relieved, and the deformation of the workpiece 1 is controlled.
Since the workpiece 1 is thin and has poor rigidity, it is easy to be deformed by instability during free welding. The rigid clamping fixture 2 is matched with the clamp 3, so that the workpiece 1 is tightly attached to the rigid clamping fixture 2, the rigidity of the workpiece 1 is increased, and the deformation resistance of the workpiece 1 is improved. The rigid clamping fixture 2 improves the deformation resistance of the workpiece 1, can be continuously operated during welding, and also improves the welding efficiency of batch welding. Because the workpiece 1 is made of stainless steel, the linear expansion coefficient is high, the thermal conductivity is low, heat is easy to accumulate, a large temperature gradient is formed, and large deformation is generated, so that dense spot welding and segmented skip welding are adopted, heat accumulation is reduced, and heat accumulation is reduced. This series of measures will greatly reduce the welding deformation. After the welding of the workpiece 1 is completed, if the workpiece 1 is directly taken out from the tool, the residual stress of the welding is released, so that the workpiece 1 has residual deformation. Therefore, the rigid clamping fixture 2 and the clamp 3 are kept together with the workpiece for vibration aging, residual stress is released, and meanwhile deformation of the workpiece 1 is controlled.
As another specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, in the first step, the tool includes a rigid mold 2 and a clamp 3, which are respectively matched with shapes of two sides of the workpiece 1, and the clamp 3 is detachably disposed on the rigid mold 2. The shape of both sides of the workpiece 1 can be fixed, and further, the workpiece 1 is supported by a thin plate, and the pressing compresses the workpiece 1 in the thickness direction of the workpiece 1, and at the same time, the workpiece 1 can be prevented from being deformed at the time of the pressing. The detachable setting can be adorned workpiece 1 and get, and is further, anchor clamps 3 can follow setting up on rigid mould 2 that compresses tightly that the direction removed through the screw thread, and the control that can be more convenient compresses tightly the degree.
As another specific embodiment, the number of the clamps 3 is at least two, the distance between the clamps 3 is less than 330mm, and the two clamps 3 are respectively disposed at two end portions of the tool. Specifically, the mouth parts on both sides of the workpiece 1 must be compressed, so as to fix the workpiece 1 as a whole, and further, the middle part of the workpiece 1 may be provided with a clamp 3 as required. The distance of compressing tightly the frock is less than a chi, 330mm promptly, can guarantee that work piece 1 is better pastes tightly with rigidity mould 2.
In a specific embodiment, in the second step, dense tack welding is performed by using a skip tack sequence.
In another specific embodiment, in the second step, the dense tack welding is performed in a tack welding order from the middle to both sides. Through the two welding modes, compared with intensive spot welding along the length direction of a welding seam, the deformation of the stress concentration workpiece 1 can be effectively prevented. The above two methods are only preferred embodiments, and in specific implementation, other sequences not along the length direction of the welding seam can be adopted for carrying out dense tack welding.
As another specific implementation, the method further includes, between step two and step three, the steps of: and (5) polishing to remove defects generated by positioning welding. Because frequent arc striking and arc extinguishing are needed during intensive spot welding, the defects such as air holes and cracks need to be avoided by paying attention to an operation method, if the defects are found, the defects need to be timely polished and removed, and the whole welding is prevented from being influenced due to the defects.
In another specific embodiment, in the third step, the welding is performed in a virtual symmetric manner. During the sectional stitch welding, in order to reduce the heat accumulation of the workpiece, the spot welding cannot be carried out along the length of the welding seam, and the symmetrical stitch welding needs to be carried out. However, in a specific operation, since the symmetrical skip welding is strictly performed and an unnecessary process is increased, a virtual symmetry system is adopted.
In another specific embodiment, in the third step, the skip welding sequence of the integral welding is determined by a dichotomy. And a long welding seam, wherein a small section of the middle position of the welding seam is selected for stress balance, and the long welding seam is divided into a left welding seam and a right welding seam after the welding is finished. And then welding the middle section of the welding seams at the left side and the right side according to the bisection method again, and bisecting the welding seams again. The skip welding sequence is always symmetrical left and right, and can reduce heat accumulation and balance the stress on the left and right sides. Furthermore, the welding section is an odd number section.
In another specific embodiment, in the third step, the arc is deflected to one side of the wall thickness, so that the temperature of the wall thickness is consistent with that of the two sides of the thin wall, and the temperature difference is reduced. The embodiment can control the temperature difference of two sides of the welding line while welding, and the control steps are simple and convenient.
As another specific embodiment, in the fourth step, before the limited vibration aging treatment, the tool is fixed by spot welding. Through spot welding with rigidity mould 2 and 3 fixed connection of anchor clamps, can effectively prevent when avoiding vibrating when vibration ageing treatment that the frock pine takes off. Further, after the vibration aging treatment, the spot welding openings are divided. Preferably, the welding points are separated in a grinding mode, and the tool can be trimmed.
In a specific embodiment, the assembly welding of the side beam 11 and the inner casing wall 12 is completed. The edge beam 11 needs to be assembled and welded with a square flange, and the length of a welding seam is more than 3000 mm. If the edge beam 11 is severely distorted, the butt welding with the square flange cannot be carried out. In addition, a layer of heat insulation and shock absorption material is arranged between the inner shell wall 12 and the shell wall, so that the gap between the inner shell wall 12 and the shell wall is required to be uniform, otherwise, the hollow phenomenon can occur, and therefore, the welded inner shell wall 12 cannot be subjected to large distortion or bending deformation.
Example one
The deformation-preventing assembly welding method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adopting a rigid mould 2 and a clamp 3 to tightly press the two end parts and the middle part of the boundary beam 11 and the inner shell wall 12;
step two: after dense tack welding is carried out on the edge beam 11 and the inner shell wall 12 by using a jump tack welding sequence, polishing is carried out to remove defects generated by the dense tack welding;
step three: adopting a bisection method and a virtual symmetry mode to perform sectional skip welding on the boundary beam 11 and the inner shell wall 12, wherein an electric arc deflects to one side of the wall thickness, so that the temperatures of the wall thickness and the two sides of the thin wall are consistent;
step four: the rigid clamping fixture 2 and the fixture 3 are fixed through spot welding, and the boundary beam 11 and the inner shell wall 12 are put on a vibration table together with a tool for limited vibration aging treatment.
The method can control the straightness and the distortion of the boundary beam 11 within 1/1000, namely within 3mm, and can meet the requirement of subsequent assembly welding. And the method can control the deformation of the welded inner shell wall 12 within the range of less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
Example two
The conventional assembly welding method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: welding the edge beam 11 and the inner shell wall 12 in a positioning manner by spot welding;
step two: integrally welding the edge beam 11 and the inner shell wall 12 by using straight-through welding;
step three: and (3) performing limited vibration aging treatment on the welded boundary beam 11 and the vibration table on the inner shell wall 12.
The deformation of the boundary beam 11 is serious and reaches about 10 mm; the inner shell wall 12 is also bent; and the forming tool can only be used for secondary shape correction again, and strong force assembly is carried out during assembly welding.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification, and to any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of steps disclosed.
Those skilled in the art can modify or change the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The deformation-preventing assembly welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adopting a rigid fixing assembly method to compress the workpiece by using a tool;
step two: carrying out positioning welding on the workpiece through intensive tack welding;
step three: adjusting heat input at the side of increasing the wall thickness of the electric arc to carry out integral welding on the workpiece, and adopting a sectional skip welding method during the integral welding;
step four: and carrying out limited vibration aging treatment on the workpiece and the tool together.
2. The deformation-preventing assembly welding method of claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the tool comprises a rigid clamping fixture and a fixture, wherein the rigid clamping fixture and the fixture are matched with the shapes of the two sides of the workpiece respectively, and the fixture is detachably arranged on the rigid clamping fixture.
3. The deformation-preventing assembly welding method according to claim 2, wherein: the fixture comprises at least two fixtures, the distance between the fixtures is less than 330mm, and the two fixtures are respectively arranged at two end parts of the fixture.
4. The deformation-preventing assembly welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, dense spot welding is performed by using a jump spot welding sequence.
5. The deformation-preventing assembly welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, dense tack welding is performed in a tack welding sequence from the middle to the two sides.
6. The deformation-preventing assembly welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method also comprises the following steps between the second step and the third step: and (5) polishing to remove defects generated by positioning welding.
7. The deformation-preventing assembly welding method of claim 1, wherein: and in the third step, the integral welding is carried out in a virtual symmetry mode.
8. The deformation-preventing assembly welding method according to claim 7, wherein: in the third step, the skip welding sequence of the integral welding is determined by adopting a dichotomy.
9. The deformation-preventing assembly welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the electric arc deflects to one side of the wall thickness, so that the temperature of the wall thickness is consistent with that of the two sides of the thin wall, and the temperature difference is reduced.
10. The deformation-preventing assembly welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the fourth step, before the limited vibration aging treatment, fixing the tool by spot welding.
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| CN202211480117.5A CN115533279A (en) | 2022-11-24 | 2022-11-24 | Deformation-preventing assembly welding method |
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| CN202211480117.5A CN115533279A (en) | 2022-11-24 | 2022-11-24 | Deformation-preventing assembly welding method |
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Application publication date: 20221230 |