CN115532890B - Multi-section bending method for sheet metal machining - Google Patents
Multi-section bending method for sheet metal machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN115532890B CN115532890B CN202211507052.9A CN202211507052A CN115532890B CN 115532890 B CN115532890 B CN 115532890B CN 202211507052 A CN202211507052 A CN 202211507052A CN 115532890 B CN115532890 B CN 115532890B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
- B21D5/004—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves with program control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
- B21D5/02—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves on press brakes without making use of clamping means
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of sheet metal processing, in particular to a bending method for sheet metal processing, which can bend in multiple sections, and comprises the steps of dividing a dividing area on the side surface outline of a sheet metal, arranging a plurality of mark points in different dividing areas, calculating mark point offset parameters according to actual movement tracks of the mark points in each pressing process of a male die, judging whether the male die is qualified in the pressing process of the male die, correcting the pressing stroke of the male die, correcting the judgment parameters for judging whether the male die is qualified in the pressing process of the male die in the ith pressing process of the i-1 th pressing process, judging whether the mark points are offset with different accuracies by setting the weight grades of the mark points, wherein the monitoring accuracy of the mark points in an important area is higher, the offset of the mark points can be monitored while the information interference is reduced, the offset of the sheet metal pressing can be accurately monitored, the adjustment can be correspondingly made, the offset in the multiple pressing processes is smaller, and the final forming effect is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sheet metal machining, in particular to a bending method capable of bending in multiple sections for sheet metal machining.
Background
Bending refers to a process of bending a metal plate to a preset angle under the pressure of an upper die or a lower die of a bending machine, is a common material processing means, and has higher and higher precision requirement on the bending process along with the development of industry;
chinese patent publication No.: CN110814125A discloses a bending method of a numerical control bending machine, which comprises the following steps: drawing an expansion drawing of the workpiece on a computer by a craftsman; marking data on a drawing, wherein the data comprises two parts, namely data for reference of a bending operator and data with a specific format for reading by a numerical control system; transmitting the picture file to a numerical control system of a bending machine, reading data and converting the data into an execution step of the numerical control system; and starting the bending machine to bend. According to the bending method of the numerical control bending machine, a craftsman directly marks process data on a drawing, one part of the data is referred to by an operator during bending, the other part of the process data of the bending step has a specific format and can be recognized and read by the numerical control system of the bending machine and converted into the execution step of the numerical control system, the operator does not need to manually input the process data and use off-line programming software, the process flow is simplified, the operation is simple, and the production efficiency is improved.
However, the following problems still exist in the prior art:
in practical situations, when a male die is pressed and bent, a deformation area is severely thinned, stress sudden change occurs locally, and particularly, a large bending part such as a U-shaped part is particularly obvious, so that certain U-shaped parts can be bent progressively and bent for multiple times, a sheet metal part is formed into a pre-formed shape, but deviation is easy to occur in the multiple bending process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a bending method for sheet metal working, which can bend in multiple stages, comprising:
determining bending positions required by a metal plate and strokes and pressures of a male die for pressing the bending positions according to a prefabricated shape;
dividing the side profile of the metal plate into a plurality of divided areas, arranging a plurality of mark points in the divided areas, and dividing the mark points into weight grades, wherein the space between the mark points in different divided areas is different;
thirdly, pressing each bending position by using a die, acquiring the side profile of the metal plate and the image information of the mark points in real time by using a photographic device in the pressing process, constructing the actual moving track of each mark point, calculating the offset parameter R corresponding to each mark point according to the actual moving track in each male die pressing process, selecting different comparison standard parameters according to the corresponding weight grades of the mark points, comparing the different comparison standard parameters with the offset parameter R corresponding to the mark points, judging whether the actual moving track corresponding to the mark points meets the standard or not, judging whether the male die pressing meets the standard or not, and adjusting the male die pressing stroke; and judging whether the actual moving track corresponding to the mark point meets the standard, and judging whether the comparison standard parameter is corrected.
Further, in the second step, the side surface contour of the metal plate is divided into a plurality of divided areas, a plurality of mark points are arranged in the divided areas, the intervals D of the mark points are different in different divided areas, wherein the interval D of the mark points in any divided area is determined according to the following formula,
wherein, L represents the distance between the midpoint of the divided region and the nearest bending position, L0 represents a preset distance parameter, and d0 represents a preset mark point interval parameter.
Further, in the third step, mark point movement relation data are constructed in advance, the mark point movement relation data comprise movement tracks of all mark points corresponding to the side profile of the metal plate in the process of bending the metal plate to a preset bending radian, curvatures K of all mark points on the side profile after the metal plate is bent to the preset bending radian, and for any mark point, the weight grade of the mark point is divided according to the mark point position corresponding to the curvatures K, wherein when the K is more than or equal to K2, the mark point is divided into a first weight grade;
when K1 is more than or equal to K and less than K2, dividing the mark points into a second weight grade;
when K is less than K1, dividing the mark points into a third weight level;
where K1 denotes a first curvature contrast variable and K2 denotes a second curvature contrast variable.
Further, in the third step, the side profile of the metal plate and the image information of the mark points are obtained in real time through a photographing device, a two-dimensional coordinate system is established, and the actual moving track of the mark points is established in the two-dimensional coordinate system.
Further, in the third step, in each pressing process of the male die, calculating an offset parameter R corresponding to the mark point according to the actual movement track of the mark point and the movement track of the mark point in the movement relation data of the mark point,
wherein f1 (x) represents a corresponding function of the actual movement track of the mark point, f2 (x) represents a corresponding function of the movement track of the mark point in the movement relation data, and m represents the x-axis coordinate corresponding to the end point of the actual movement track.
Further, in the third step, after selecting different comparison standard parameters according to the weight grades corresponding to the mark points and comparing the different comparison standard parameters with the offset parameter R corresponding to the mark points, determining whether the actual moving track meets the standard, and determining whether the male die pressing meets the standard, wherein a first comparison standard parameter R1, a second comparison standard parameter R2 and a third comparison standard parameter R3 are preset, R3 > R2 > R1, when the mark points are of the first weight grades, R1 is selected as the comparison standard parameter, and when the offset parameter R corresponding to the mark points is not less than R1, it is determined that the actual moving track of the mark points does not meet the standard;
when the mark point is in a second weight grade, selecting R2 as a comparison standard parameter, and if the offset parameter R corresponding to the mark point is not less than R2, judging that the actual moving track of the mark point does not accord with the standard;
when the mark point is in a third weight grade, selecting R3 as a comparison standard parameter, and if the offset parameter R corresponding to the mark point is more than or equal to R3, judging that the actual movement track of the mark point does not accord with the standard;
and calculating the reject ratio p of the mark points, wherein p = n/n0, wherein n represents the number of the mark points of which the actual moving track does not meet the standard, n0 represents the total number of the mark points, and when the reject ratio p of the mark points is greater than or equal to the preset maximum reject ratio p0 of the mark points, the punch press is judged to not meet the standard.
Further, in the third step, when the male die pressing is judged not to meet the standard, the stroke of the male die is corrected, wherein the mark points with the weight grade being the first weight grade in the mark points with the actual moving track not meeting the standard are selected, the offset parameter comparison value R0 corresponding to each selected mark point is calculated according to the following formula,
calculating the sum of offset parameter reference values R0 corresponding to all the selected marking points to be R0', and reducing the stroke of the male die by D0 x R0 '/R0 from the original parameters when R0' is more than or equal to 0;
when R0 'is less than 0, increasing the stroke of the male die by D0 x R0' |/R0 from the original parameters;
wherein r0 represents a preset reference value standard parameter, and D0 represents a preset stroke adjustment parameter.
Further, in the third step, in the ith male die pressing process, it is determined whether a comparison standard parameter needs to be corrected or not before determining whether the actual movement track corresponding to the mark point meets the standard or not, wherein if it is determined that the bend does not meet the standard and the offset parameters R corresponding to all the mark points on the side profile of the metal plate are greater than or equal to a preset bending parameter R2 'in the ith-1 male die pressing process, it is determined that the comparison standard parameter needs to be corrected, the comparison standard parameter includes a first comparison standard parameter, a second comparison standard parameter and a third comparison standard parameter, and R2' = (R1 + R2+ R3)/3 is set.
Further, in the third step, when it is determined that the comparison standard parameter needs to be corrected, the average offset parameter Δ R is calculated,
wherein R is e RepresentIn the process of the male die pressing for the (i-1) th time, the e mark point corresponds to the offset parameter, and n0 represents the total number of the mark points;
increasing the first contrast standard parameter R1 by R1 xK 1 xDeltaR/R2';
increasing the second comparison standard parameter R2 by R2 xK 2 xDeltaR/R2';
increasing the third comparison standard parameter R3 by R3 xK 3 xDeltaR/R2';
wherein K1 represents a preset first correction parameter, K2 represents a preset second correction parameter, K3 represents a preset third correction parameter, and K1 is greater than 0 and K2 is greater than K3 and less than 0.3.
Further, in the third step, when the pressing stroke amount of the male die reaches 50% of the total stroke, whether the male die is pressed to meet the standard is judged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention divides the dividing areas on the side surface outline of the metal plate, sets a plurality of marking points in different dividing areas, divides the marking points into weight grades, monitors the marking points in each pressing process of the male die, obtains the actual moving track of the marking points, calculates the deviation parameters of the marking points according to the actual moving track to judge whether the male die is qualified for pressing and corrects the pressing stroke of the male die, corrects the judgment parameters for judging whether the male die is qualified for pressing in the ith male die pressing process according to the judgment result in the ith-1 pressing process, judges whether the marking points deviate according to different precisions by setting the weight grades of the marking points, has higher monitoring precision for the marking points in important areas, can ensure that the deviation of the marking points can be monitored while reducing information interference, further can accurately monitor the deviation of the metal plate pressing and make corresponding adjustment, ensures that the deviation in multiple pressing processes is smaller, and ensures the final forming effect.
Particularly, the marking points are set on the side profile of the metal plate, the marking points are easy to monitor and can be monitored continuously, the moving tracks of the marking points can show the change condition of the side profile in the metal plate bending process, the distances from the marking points to the bending position are different for different segmentation areas, the deformation quantity of the metal plate is larger as the distance from the marking points to the bending position is larger, therefore, more marking points are required to be set for representing the deformation, the marking points can be far away for the far segmentation areas, the data can be analyzed more easily in the form of the marking points, the data monitoring gravity center is deviated to the bending position through the setting mode, the influence of the position change of the side profile on the position with smaller influence on the data judgment is eliminated in the form, the deformation monitoring is more accurate, the calculated quantity is smaller, the monitoring adjustment for each pressing is more accurate, the deviation in the multiple pressing process is ensured to be smaller, and the final forming effect is ensured.
Particularly, the invention divides the weight grades of the mark points, divides the weight grades of the mark points according to the position of the mark points corresponding to the curvature K, and for the position with larger curvature, a larger stroke is needed when the punch is pressed, and the position is easy to have the phenomenon that a deformation area is severely thinned, so that the bending deviation can be generated under the condition that the local stress mutation can be generated, therefore, different weight grades are needed to be set for different mark points, a smaller error range is given when the deviation is judged, the method can eliminate the interference of part of movement track data of the mark points with smaller influence on the judgment result, further more accurately monitor the deviation generated in the bending process, and make corresponding adjustment by taking the deviation as a reference, further more accurately monitor and adjust each pressing, ensure that the deviation in the multiple pressing processes is smaller, and ensure the final forming effect.
Particularly, the punch stroke is adjusted according to the judgment result, the adjustment amount is determined according to the offset parameter R, the offset parameter R reflects the offset of the track moving track, and the mark points with larger influence are selected according to the weight grade of the corresponding mark points to participate in the operation to determine the punch stroke when the adjustment amount is determined, so that the adjustment amount is more accurate, the small offset in the multiple pressing process is ensured, and the final forming effect is ensured.
Particularly, whether the male die pressing meets the standard or not is judged in each male die pressing process, the subsequent judgment standard is adjusted according to the judgment result of the previous time, in an actual situation, if the fitting of the first half section is good, the probability and the offset of the offset in the subsequent pressing process are usually small, and conversely, if the offset is large in the first half section of male die pressing process, the probability and the offset of the subsequent offset are increased, so that the judgment precision of the subsequent male die pressing needs to be adjusted according to whether the previous male die pressing meets the standard or not, the corresponding comparison standard parameters are properly increased, the offset can be more sensitively identified, the monitoring and adjustment of each pressing is more accurate, the offset in the multiple pressing processes is ensured to be small, and the final forming effect is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a step diagram of a bending method for sheet metal processing, which is capable of bending in multiple stages according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a movement track of a mark point according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison between an actual movement trajectory and a movement trajectory according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1: side profile, 2: marker, 3: actual movement trajectory, 4: movement locus, x: displacement amount of the mark point in the x-axis direction, y: displacement amount of the mark point in the y-axis direction, m: and the end point of the actual moving track corresponds to the x-axis coordinate.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described in conjunction with the following examples; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms of direction or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1, which is a schematic view illustrating steps of a multi-stage bendable bending method for sheet metal working according to an embodiment of the present invention, the multi-stage bendable bending method for sheet metal working includes:
determining bending positions required by a metal plate and strokes and pressures of a male die for pressing the bending positions according to a prefabricated shape;
dividing the side profile of the metal plate into a plurality of divided areas, arranging a plurality of mark points in the divided areas, and dividing the mark points into weight grades, wherein the intervals among the mark points in different divided areas are different;
step three, progressive bending is carried out, a mould is used for pressing each bending position, a photographic device is used for acquiring the side profile of the metal plate and the image information of the mark points in real time in the pressing process, the actual moving track of each mark point is constructed, the offset parameter R corresponding to each mark point is calculated according to the actual moving track in each male mould pressing process, different comparison standard parameters are selected according to the corresponding weight grades of the mark points and compared with the offset parameter R corresponding to the mark points, whether the actual moving track corresponding to the mark points meets the standard or not is judged, whether the male mould pressing meets the standard or not is judged, and the male mould pressing stroke is adjusted; and judging whether the actual moving track corresponding to the mark point meets the standard, and judging whether the comparison standard parameter is corrected.
Specifically, for various bending modes and various process forms, progressive bending can be adopted in the embodiment, which is a mature prior art, and generally comprises the steps of determining a bending position, a bending stroke and a sheet metal feeding amount, performing male die pressing on a first bending position, pushing a sheet metal into a preset pushing amount, pressing a second bending position, repeating the steps for multiple times, and bending to achieve a preset bending shape.
Specifically, the specific structure of the bending machine is not limited, in the prior art, bending is usually achieved by using corresponding male dies and corresponding female dies, and the specific structures of the male dies and the female dies can be adjusted according to actual conditions, which is not described herein again.
Specifically, in the second step, the side surface contour of the sheet metal is divided into a plurality of divided areas, a plurality of mark points are arranged in the divided areas, and the intervals D of the mark points in different divided areas are different, wherein the interval D of the mark points in any divided area is determined according to the following formula,
wherein L represents the distance between the midpoint of the divided region and the nearest bending position, L0 represents a preset distance parameter, d0 represents a preset mark point interval parameter, L0 is more than 0, and d0 is more than 5cm and less than 200cm.
Specifically, the marking points are set on the side profile of the metal plate, the marking points are easy to monitor and can be monitored continuously, the moving track of the marking points can show the change condition of the side profile in the metal plate bending process, the distances from the marking points to the bending position are different for different segmentation areas, the deformation quantity of the metal plate is larger as the distance from the marking points to the bending position is larger, therefore, more marking points are required to be set for representing the deformation, the marking points can be far away for the far segmentation areas, the data can be analyzed more easily in the form of the marking points, the data monitoring gravity center is deviated to the bending position through the setting mode, the influence of the position change of the side profile on the position with smaller influence on the data judgment is eliminated in the form, the deformation monitoring is more accurate, the calculated quantity is smaller, the monitoring adjustment for each pressing is more accurate, the deviation in the multiple pressing process is ensured to be smaller, and the final forming effect is ensured.
Specifically, in the third step, mark point movement relation data are pre-constructed, the mark point movement relation data comprise movement tracks of all mark points corresponding to the side profile of a metal plate in the process of bending the metal plate to a preset bending radian, curvatures K of all mark points on the side profile after the metal plate is bent to the preset bending radian, and for any mark point, the weight grade of the mark point is divided according to the mark point position corresponding to the curvatures K, wherein when the K is more than or equal to K2, the mark point is divided into a first weight grade;
when K1 is more than or equal to K and less than K2, dividing the mark points into a second weight grade;
when K is less than K1, dividing the mark points into a third weight level;
wherein K1 represents a first curvature contrast parameter, K2 represents a second curvature contrast parameter, and K2 > K1 > 0.
Specifically, the weight grades of the mark points are divided according to the positions of the mark points corresponding to the curvature K, for the positions with larger curvature, a larger stroke is needed during convex die pressing, the positions are more prone to the phenomenon that a deformation area is severely thinned, and the local stress mutation condition occurs, so that bending deviation occurs.
Specifically, for the construction of the movement relation data of the mark points, a computer simulation technology can be adopted, the simulation of bending is also a mature prior art, the movement relation data can be constructed only by weaving the whole bending process and recording the movement tracks of the corresponding mark points, and the description is not repeated here.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, in the third step, the image information of the side profile 1 and the mark point of the metal plate is obtained in real time by the photographing device, a two-dimensional coordinate system is established, and the actual moving track 3 of the mark point 2 is established in the two-dimensional coordinate system.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, in the third step, in each pressing process of the male die, an offset parameter R corresponding to the mark point is calculated according to the actual movement track 3 of the mark point 2 and the movement track 4 of the mark point in the movement relation data of the mark point,
wherein f1 (x) represents a corresponding function of the actual movement track of the mark point, f2 (x) represents a corresponding function of the movement track of the mark point in the movement relation data, and m represents the x-axis coordinate corresponding to the end point of the actual movement track.
Specifically, in the third step, different comparison standard parameters are selected according to the weight grades corresponding to the mark points, and are compared with the offset parameter R corresponding to the mark points, then whether the actual moving track meets the standard or not is judged, and whether the terrace die pressing meets the standard or not is judged, wherein a first comparison standard parameter R1, a second comparison standard parameter R2 and a third comparison standard parameter R3 are preset, R3 is greater than R2 and greater than R1 and greater than 0, when the mark points are in the first weight grades, R1 is selected as the comparison standard parameter, and when the offset parameter R corresponding to the mark points is greater than or equal to R1, the actual moving track of the mark points is judged not to meet the standard;
when the mark point is in a second weight grade, selecting R2 as a comparison standard parameter, and if the offset parameter R corresponding to the mark point is more than or equal to R2, judging that the actual movement track of the mark point does not accord with the standard;
when the mark point is in a third weight grade, selecting R3 as a comparison standard parameter, and if the offset parameter R corresponding to the mark point is more than or equal to R3, judging that the actual movement track of the mark point does not accord with the standard;
and calculating the mark point disqualification rate P, wherein P = n/n0, wherein n represents the number of mark points of which the actual moving track does not meet the standard, n0 represents the total number of the mark points, and when the mark point disqualification rate P is greater than or equal to the preset maximum mark point disqualification rate P0, the punch press is judged not to meet the standard, and P0 is greater than or equal to 50%.
In the setting of the comparative standard parameter of the present embodiment,
，
，。
specifically, in the third step, when the male die pressing is judged not to meet the standard, the stroke of the male die is corrected, wherein the mark points with the weight grade being the first weight grade in the mark points with the actual moving track not meeting the standard are selected, the offset parameter comparison value R0 corresponding to each selected mark point is calculated according to the following formula,
calculating the sum of offset parameter reference values R0 corresponding to all the selected marking points to be R0', and reducing the stroke of the male die by D0 x R0 '/R0 from the original parameters when R0' is more than or equal to 0;
when R0 'is less than 0, increasing the stroke of the male die by D0 x R0' |/R0 from the original parameters;
wherein r0 represents a preset reference value standard parameter, D0 represents a preset stroke adjustment parameter, r0 is more than 0, and D0 is less than one third of the original stroke.
Specifically, the punch stroke is adjusted according to the judgment result, the adjustment amount is determined according to the offset parameter R, the offset parameter R reflects the offset of the track moving track, and the mark points with larger influence are selected according to the weight grade of the corresponding mark points to participate in the operation to determine the punch stroke when the adjustment amount is determined, so that the adjustment amount is more accurate, the small offset in the multiple pressing process is ensured, and the final forming effect is ensured.
Specifically, in the third step, in the ith convex die pressing process, it is determined whether a comparison standard parameter needs to be corrected before determining whether the actual movement track corresponding to the mark point meets the standard, wherein if it is determined that the bend does not meet the standard and the offset parameters R corresponding to all mark points on the side profile of the metal plate are greater than or equal to a preset bending parameter R2' in the ith-1 convex die pressing process, it is determined that the comparison standard parameter needs to be corrected, the comparison standard parameter includes a first comparison standard parameter, a second comparison standard parameter and a third comparison standard parameter, R2' = (R1 + R2+ R3)/3 is set, and data selected when calculating R2' is the comparison standard parameter selected for determining whether the bend meets the standard in the ith-1 convex die pressing process.
Specifically, in the third step, when it is determined that the contrast standard parameter needs to be corrected, the average offset parameter Δ R is calculated,
wherein Re represents the offset parameter R corresponding to the e-th mark point in the punch pressing process of the (i-1) th time, and n0 represents the total number of the mark points;
increasing the first contrast standard parameter R1 by R1 xK 1 xDeltaR/R2';
increasing the second comparison standard parameter R2 by R2 xK 2 xDeltaR/R2';
increasing the third comparison standard parameter R3 by R3 xK 3 xDeltaR/R2';
wherein K1 represents a preset first correction parameter, K2 represents a preset second correction parameter, K3 represents a preset third correction parameter, and K1 is greater than 0 and K2 is greater than K3 and less than 0.3.
Specifically, in the third step, when the pressing stroke amount of the male die reaches 50% of the total stroke, whether the male die is pressed to meet the standard or not is judged.
Specifically, in each convex die pressing process, whether the convex die pressing meets the standard is judged, and the subsequent judgment standard is adjusted according to the judgment result of the previous time, in an actual situation, if the fitting of the first half section is good, the probability and the offset of the offset in the subsequent pressing process are usually small, and conversely, if the offset is large in the convex die pressing process of the first half section, the probability and the offset of the subsequent offset are increased, so that the judgment precision of the subsequent convex die pressing is adjusted according to whether the previous convex die pressing meets the standard, the corresponding comparison standard parameters are appropriately increased, the offset can be more sensitively identified, the monitoring and adjustment of each pressing is more accurate, the offset in the multiple pressing processes is ensured to be small, and the final forming effect is ensured.
Specifically, for implementation of the scheme, a computer can be used to obtain relevant data, process and calculate the data, and correspondingly control the bending machine to bend.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A bending method for sheet metal processing capable of multi-section bending is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining bending positions required by a metal plate and strokes and pressures of a male die for pressing the bending positions according to a prefabricated shape;
dividing the side profile of the metal plate into a plurality of divided areas, arranging a plurality of mark points in the divided areas, and dividing the mark points into weight grades, wherein the intervals among the mark points in different divided areas are different;
thirdly, pressing each bending position by using a die, acquiring the side profile of the metal plate and the image information of the mark points in real time by using a photographic device in the pressing process, constructing the actual moving track of each mark point, calculating the offset parameter R corresponding to each mark point according to the actual moving track in each male die pressing process, selecting different comparison standard parameters according to the corresponding weight grades of the mark points, comparing the different comparison standard parameters with the offset parameter R corresponding to the mark points, judging whether the actual moving track corresponding to the mark points meets the standard or not, judging whether the male die pressing meets the standard or not, and adjusting the male die pressing stroke; judging whether the actual moving track corresponding to the mark point meets the standard, and judging whether to modify the comparison standard parameter;
in the third step, mark point movement relation data are pre-constructed, wherein the mark point movement relation data comprise movement tracks of all mark points corresponding to the side profile of a metal plate in the process of bending the metal plate to a preset bending radian, curvatures K of all mark points on the side profile after the metal plate is bent to the preset bending radian, and the weight grades of any mark point are divided according to the mark point position corresponding to the curvatures K, wherein when the K is more than or equal to K2, the mark points are divided into first weight grades;
when K1 is more than or equal to K and less than K2, dividing the mark points into a second weight level;
when K is less than K1, dividing the mark points into a third weight level;
wherein K1 represents a first curvature contrast parameter, K2 represents a second curvature contrast parameter, and K2 > K1.
2. The bending method for sheet metal working capable of multi-stage bending according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the side profile of the sheet metal is divided into a plurality of divided areas, a plurality of mark points are provided in the divided areas, and the intervals D of the mark points are different in different divided areas, wherein the interval D of the mark points in any one divided area is determined according to the following formula,
wherein, L represents the distance between the middle point of the divided area and the nearest bending position, L0 represents a preset distance parameter, and d0 represents a preset mark point interval parameter.
3. The bending method for sheet metal working capable of multi-stage bending according to claim 2,
and in the third step, acquiring the side profile of the metal plate and the image information of the mark points in real time through a photographic device, establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system, and constructing the actual movement track of the mark points in the two-dimensional coordinate system.
4. The bending method for sheet metal working capable of bending in multiple sections according to claim 3, wherein in the third step, in each pressing process of the male die, an offset parameter R corresponding to the mark point is calculated according to the actual movement track of the mark point and the movement track of the mark point in the movement relation data of the mark point,
wherein f1 (x) represents a corresponding function of the actual movement track of the mark point, f2 (x) represents a corresponding function of the movement track of the mark point in the movement relation data, and m represents the x-axis coordinate corresponding to the end point of the actual movement track.
5. The bending method for sheet metal working capable of bending in multiple sections according to claim 4, characterized in that in the third step, different comparison standard parameters are selected according to the weight levels corresponding to the mark points, and after comparison with the offset parameters R corresponding to the mark points, whether the actual movement trajectory meets the standard or not is determined, and whether the male die pressing meets the standard or not is determined, wherein a first comparison standard parameter R1, a second comparison standard parameter R2 and a third comparison standard parameter R3 are preset, R3 > R2 > R1, when the mark points are of the first weight level, R1 is selected as the comparison standard parameter, and when the offset parameters R corresponding to the mark points are not less than R1, it is determined that the actual movement trajectory of the mark points does not meet the standard;
when the mark point is in a second weight grade, selecting R2 as a comparison standard parameter, and if the offset parameter R corresponding to the mark point is more than or equal to R2, judging that the actual movement track of the mark point does not accord with the standard;
when the mark point is in a third weight grade, selecting R3 as a comparison standard parameter, and if the offset parameter R corresponding to the mark point is more than or equal to R3, judging that the actual movement track of the mark point does not accord with the standard; and calculating the reject ratio p of the mark points, wherein p = n/n0, wherein n represents the number of the mark points of which the actual moving track does not meet the standard, n0 represents the total number of the mark points, and when the reject ratio p of the mark points is greater than or equal to the preset maximum reject ratio p0 of the mark points, the punch press is judged to not meet the standard.
6. The bending method for sheet metal working capable of multi-stage bending according to claim 5, wherein in the third step, when it is determined that the punch press does not meet the standard, the stroke of the punch is corrected, wherein the mark points whose weight level is the first weight level among the mark points whose actual movement trajectory does not meet the standard are selected, and the offset parameter comparison value R0 corresponding to each selected mark point is calculated according to the following formula,
calculating the sum of offset parameter reference values R0 corresponding to all the selected marking points to be R0', and reducing the stroke of the male die by D0 x R0 '/R0 from the original parameters when R0' is more than or equal to 0;
when R0 'is less than 0, increasing the stroke of the male die by D0 x R0' |/R0 from the original parameters;
wherein r0 represents a preset reference value standard parameter, and D0 represents a preset stroke adjustment parameter.
7. The bending method for sheet metal working capable of multi-stage bending according to claim 6,
in the third step, in the ith male die pressing process, whether a comparison standard parameter needs to be judged to be corrected or not before whether the actual moving track corresponding to the mark point meets the standard or not is judged, wherein if the bending is judged to not meet the standard and the offset parameters R corresponding to all the mark points on the side profile of the metal plate are greater than or equal to a preset bending parameter R2 'in the ith-1 male die pressing process, the comparison standard parameter needs to be corrected, the comparison standard parameter comprises a first comparison standard parameter, a second comparison standard parameter and a third comparison standard parameter, and R2' = (R1 + R2+ R3)/3 is set.
8. The bending method for sheet metal working capable of multi-stage bending according to claim 7,
in the third step, when the comparison standard parameter needs to be corrected, the average offset parameter Delta R is calculated,
wherein R is e Indicating that the e-th mark point corresponds to the offset parameter in the i-1 th convex die pressing process, wherein n0 indicates the total number of the mark points;
increasing the first contrast standard parameter R1 by R1 xK 1 xDeltaR/R2';
increasing the second comparison standard parameter R2 by R2 xK 2 xDeltaR/R2';
increasing the third comparison standard parameter R3 by R3 xK 3 xDeltaR/R2';
wherein K1 represents a preset first correction parameter, K2 represents a preset second correction parameter, K3 represents a preset third correction parameter, and K1 is greater than 0 and K2 is greater than K3 and less than 0.3.
9. The bending method for multi-section bendable sheet metal machining according to claim 5, wherein in the third step, when the punch reaches 50% of the total stroke, the punch starts to judge whether the punch meets the standard or not.
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