CN115522013B - Method for effectively solving converter slag re-drying problem and converter re-drying inhibitor - Google Patents
Method for effectively solving converter slag re-drying problem and converter re-drying inhibitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN115522013B CN115522013B CN202211055402.2A CN202211055402A CN115522013B CN 115522013 B CN115522013 B CN 115522013B CN 202211055402 A CN202211055402 A CN 202211055402A CN 115522013 B CN115522013 B CN 115522013B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/36—Processes yielding slags of special composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C2200/00—Recycling of waste material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for effectively solving converter slag re-drying and a converter re-drying inhibitor, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgy. The invention relates to a converter re-drying inhibitor, which comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: RH dust removal ash: 90-94% of bauxite: 4-8% of limestone: 2-5%; and (3) adding the re-drying inhibitor into the converter when the temperature of a molten pool reaches 1360-1400 ℃ and the slag is re-dried in the converter blowing process. According to the invention, substances mainly containing RH dust removal ash are added as inhibitors when the temperature of a converter molten pool reaches 1360-1400 ℃ and slag is returned to dryness, so that the RH dust removal ash is recycled, the problem of converter slag returning to dryness is effectively solved, the manganese content of a smelting end point of a converter is improved, and the production cost of steel is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for solving converter slag re-drying problem by utilizing RH dedusting ash and a converter re-drying inhibitor.
Background
With the rapid development of the steel industry, a large amount of dust can be inevitably generated, so that the method not only occupies land, but also pollutes the environment, and causes huge resource waste. The dust mainly comprises sintered dust, blast furnace dust, electric furnace dust, converter dust, refining dust and the like. Because the dust removal ash has complex chemical components, complex characteristics and low effective utilization rate, the dust removal ash is comprehensively recycled under the environment of national advocating energy conservation and emission reduction and development of circular economy, and the environment-friendly dust removal ash recycling method is a necessary requirement for green development of the metallurgical industry.
The dust ash contains a considerable amount of iron elements, a certain amount of CaO, mgO, feO, mnO and the like, so that the dust ash has higher recycling value. The recovery application of the dust produced in the steel industry at present mainly comprises the following steps: (1) As sintering and pelletizing ingredients, directly taking the converter ash and the like into the sintering ingredients; (2) Mixing iron ore powder, dust-removing ash, coal powder and the like according to a certain proportion by adopting a rotary hearth furnace technology, adding a proper amount of binder, pressing balls and drying; (3) converter ash briquetting; (4) concentrating and recycling the dedusting ash; (5) paste filling materials for mine goaf; (6) manufacturing electric furnace foam slag; and (7) the method is used for optimizing ingredients of cement clinker and the like. However, the components and characteristics of different fly ash are different due to different production processes and production equipment, and the recycling methods are different.
At present, the recovery and utilization of the dust in the steelmaking process are mainly concentrated on the utilization of the dust in a converter, an electric furnace or an LF furnace. For example, chinese patent CN 103031409A discloses a new process for steelmaking deoxidization by utilizing refining furnace dust, namely, using refining furnace dust as a modified deoxidizer in the molten steel deoxidization process, specifically comprising the following steps: during tapping, refining dust is added along with steel flow, the adding amount is 1.2-6 kg/ton steel, and the effects of reducing steelmaking cost and protecting environment are achieved. Chinese patent CN 106745960A discloses a method for neutralizing cold rolling acidic wastewater by using steelmaking refining dust, which comprises the following specific principles: and (3) neutralizing cold rolling acidic wastewater by utilizing alkaline substances such as CaO in refined dust-removing ash, so that the wastewater reaches the emission standard through aeration, neutralization and the like. Meanwhile, valuable elements such as Fe, zn and the like in the steelmaking refining dust and the cold rolling acidic wastewater enter precipitated sludge, and are recovered after a certain treatment link. Chinese patent CN 112280937A discloses a method for deep dephosphorization of molten steel by using converter dust, which comprises the steps of mixing converter dust with lime powder, bagging, adding bagged mixed powder in two batches in advance at the ladle bottom and along with the steel flow in the tapping process, standing for more than 10 minutes after tapping, and refining in an LF furnace after all steel slag is completely drawn.
Chinese patent CN 107034361A discloses a method for utilizing stainless steel dust, which comprises the steps of uniformly stirring and mixing the stainless steel dust and a binder according to the mass ratio of 1:0.06-0.13, extruding into balls by a pair roller ball press twice, pressing the balls to have an average compressive strength of more than 1600N/ball and a powder rate of less than 13%, loading the balls into an electric furnace for smelting stainless steel, and reducing nickel, chromium and iron oxides in the stainless steel dust balls by using a reducing agent in the raw material of the electric furnace to realize the recovery of iron, chromium and nickel. Chinese patent CN107012284 a discloses a method for utilizing converter dust, which comprises the steps of pelletizing the converter dust, wherein the smelting process is performed according to the silicon content in molten iron, slag condition and converter temperature, and the method is added after the open blowing of the converter, in the early stage of the blowing of the converter and in the middle and later stages of the blowing of the converter, so as to achieve the effects of dephosphorization, preventing back drying and compacting temperature.
RH has become an important device for smelting high-quality steel because of its metallurgical functions such as dehydrogenation, denitrification, deoxidization, removal of impurities, decarburization, and fine adjustment of components. With the continuous improvement of the yield of high-quality steel, the comprehensive utilization problem of the dust generated in the RH refining process is also getting more and more attention from steel enterprises. Unlike a converter, an electric furnace and an LF furnace, RH is mainly refining molten steel under vacuum conditions, and steel-slag reaction does not occur in the refining process, so that the composition of RH dust is greatly different from those of the converter, the electric furnace and the LF furnace. RH dust-removing ash is mainly composed of MnO, its content is generally above 80%, and the rest is small quantity of Fe and MgO. At present, steel enterprises mainly pack and recover RH dust with converter dust and the like, but do not realize targeted recovery of RH dust with higher MnO content, and the value of the RH dust is not fully utilized.
The're-drying' is a condition frequently occurring in the converter smelting process, and if the treatment is improper, the converter smelting process can be seriously influenced, so that the problems of poor dephosphorization effect, gun sticking of an oxygen gun, metal splashing and the like are caused, and the product quality, the production smoothness and the economic benefit are seriously influenced. At present, the following treatment measures are mainly adopted for the slag re-drying phenomenon in the converter converting process:
(1) Adding a proper amount of iron ore, sinter, iron scale and other substances with higher ferric oxide content, and rapidly increasing the (FeO) content in the slag;
(2) After the gun position is properly increased, the kinetic energy of the oxygen flow contacting the liquid surface of the molten pool is reduced, the impact depth is small, the oxygen quantity introduced into the molten pool is obviously reduced, so that the chemical reaction speed in the molten pool is reduced, the consumption speed of (FeO) is obviously reduced, and the (FeO) content is increased due to accumulation. Meanwhile, the gun position is improved to relatively enlarge the impact area and increase the (FeO) quantity;
(3) The oxygen pressure of converting can be properly regulated down while the gun position is improved; the blowing time is prolonged, the decarburization speed is reduced, the (FeO) quantity can be increased, and the purpose of eliminating the back drying is achieved.
However, the above measures have obvious disadvantages: the key parameters such as the total amount of substances such as iron scales, the improvement degree of gun positions, the holding time in high gun positions and the like cannot be quantified, are mostly judged according to the field experience of operators, and often have the problem of misjudgment, and the situation of 'different people' or 'different furnaces' exists, so that the smelting process is unstable. For example, excessive amounts of iron oxide scale added can cause rapid aggregation of the (FeO) content in the slag, thereby causing excessive foaming of the slag or explosive carbon-oxygen reaction, causing severe splashing phenomenon, or causing excessive temperature drop in the furnace, and adversely affecting subsequent blowing. When the addition amount is insufficient, the content of FeO in the slag does not have the functions of dissolving the slag and thoroughly eliminating the back drying. Similarly, if the gun position is too high or the gun position is kept too long, too high (FeO) content in slag can occur, so that a series of adverse effects are generated; on the contrary, the gun position is not improved enough or the high gun position is kept for a short time, the content of FeO in slag is not increased obviously, and the effect of 'dry-back' cannot be solved.
There are documents or patents which have been filed on the search for MnO as a slag melting agent component. For example, the literature of experimental study on the application of MnO-based fluoride-free composite slag former in sand steel converter smelting introduces a use method and a use effect of slag melting agent containing 20-25% of MnO, 10-15% of TFe and 5-8% of CaO in the early stage of converter blowing. Chinese patent CN 103160633A discloses a method for producing slag-melting agent of manganese for converter steelmaking, which comprises 57% of manganese ore powder (25-45% of Mn), 23% of manganese-silicon alloy and a small amount of limestone and coke. Chinese patent CN 101736115A discloses a method for preparing and using converter reinforced slag whose composition is 55-70% of lean manganese ore (MnO content is 15-35%), 15-20% of iron oxide, 2-5% of high-temperature dispersing agent and 10-15% of lime. Chinese patent CN 101660018A discloses the preparation and application effects of slag melting agent containing 20-50% MnO, 10-15% TFe, 5-8% CaO and 3-6% MgO. However, the slag melting agent disclosed in the prior art above with respect to the MnO-containing component is mainly added in the early stage of converting in a converter, namely: the slag component is regulated from the earlier stage of converter blowing, so that the (MnO) content in the slag is higher, the purpose of slag melting is achieved, the MnO content in the slag melting agent is generally less than 50%, and no related report exists on the technology of recycling RH dust removal ash with high MnO content (more than or equal to 70%) for solving the problem of converter slag re-drying at present.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the slag is easy to dry back in the smelting process of a converter, and the existing treatment measures are mainly judged according to the field experience of operators, so that the judgment errors are frequently caused, thereby influencing the stability of the smelting process, and provides a method for effectively solving the problem of dry back of the slag of the converter and a converter dry back inhibitor. According to the invention, substances mainly containing RH dust removal ash are added as inhibitors when the temperature of a molten pool reaches 1380-1420 ℃ and the slag is in 'back drying', so that the RH dust removal ash is recycled, the back drying problem of converter slag is effectively solved, the manganese content of a smelting end point of a converter is improved, and the production cost of steel is reduced.
2. Technical proposal
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a converter re-drying inhibitor, which comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: RH dust removal ash: 90-94% of bauxite: 4-8% of limestone: 2-5%.
The RH dedusting ash has different composition and characteristics from those of a converter, an electric furnace, an LF furnace and the like, the components of the RH dedusting ash are mainly MnO components, and the MnO content is generally more than 80 percent.
At present, as the MnO slagging effect is not good, feO is usually used as a slagging agent in the prior art, but the stability of FeO is relatively poor.
The principle of the re-drying inhibitor for solving the problem of the re-drying of the converter slag is as follows: after the re-drying inhibitor is added into the converter, firstly, the limestone in the converter is heated and decomposed to break the re-drying inhibitor and rapidly disperse the re-drying inhibitor into fine particles, and the fine particles are uniformly scattered on the surface of slag; al in bauxite then 2 O 3 Weakening the high-melting-point phase 2CaO.SiO on the surface of slag 2 Is formed on the surface of slag to form a large amount of liquid CaO-SiO which is uniformly distributed 2 -Al 2 O 3 The compound is favorable for the MnO in the RH dedusting ash to permeate into the slag rapidly, and finally a large amount of stable CaO-SiO with low melting point is generated 2 -MnO-Al 2 O 3 And (5) slag system. The MnO content in the slag can be kept between 15% and 30%, the viscosity of the slag is greatly reduced, and the fluidity is obviously improved, so that the problem of re-drying is rapidly solved.
The "re-drying inhibitor" of the present invention also has the advantage that: in the converter blowing process, when the decarburization reaction is severe, the (FeO) in the slag is easy to be reduced by C, the (FeO) content in the slag is rapidly reduced, and the phenomenon of re-drying easily occurs after the iron oxide is added or the gun position is increased to improve the re-drying phenomenon. The addition of the're-drying inhibitor' mainly comprising RH dust can avoid the situation. According to thermodynamic properties of MnO and FeO, mnO in slag is stabilized than FeO, so that the (FeO) in slag is reduced by C before (MnO), so that the (MnO) content ratio (FeO) in slag is stabilized in the converter blowing process, and the phenomenon that the (MnO) content in slag fluctuates due to the reduction of MnO by C and the re-drying phenomenon repeatedly occurs is avoided.
Further, the inhibitor is spherical after being uniformly mixed by the raw materials according to a certain proportion and sintered.
The invention relates to a method for effectively solving the problem of converter slag re-drying, wherein the re-drying inhibitor is added into a converter in the converting process of the converter.
According to the invention, thermodynamic and kinetic principles of converter smelting are fully utilized, and based on the characteristics of components, physical characteristics, converter smelting and the like of RH dust, a re-drying inhibitor mainly comprising RH dust is added in the converter smelting process, so that the recycling of RH dust is realized, the problem of re-drying of converter slag is effectively solved, the recycling of MnO in slag is realized, the manganese content of a converter smelting end point is improved, and the production cost of steel is reduced.
Further, the addition amount of the re-drying inhibitor is 15-20 kg/t steel.
Furthermore, when the blowing temperature of the converter reaches 1360-1400 ℃, adding a first batch of the re-drying inhibitor, after the re-drying phenomenon occurs, adding the rest inhibitor in 2 or 3 batches, and adding a part of the re-drying inhibitor in advance before the re-drying phenomenon occurs, so that the effect of preventing the re-drying phenomenon or reducing the slag re-drying degree can be achieved to a certain extent, but if the re-drying phenomenon does not occur later, the re-drying inhibitor does not need to be continuously added. Specifically, the problems of converter re-drying are mainly solved by preventing the converter in the early stage of converting and inhibiting the converter in the middle stage of converting, and the first batch is added when the temperature of a molten pool in the early stage of converting reaches 1360-1400 ℃ (the initial temperature of the severe carbon-oxygen reaction stage), so that the rise of the melting point of steel slag and the deterioration of fluidity can be effectively delayed, and the phenomenon of slag re-drying can be prevented. If the subsequent re-drying is caused by the factors of bad furnace entering conditions, too low gun position, too large oxygen supply flow and the like, the second batch is continuously added in the middle of converting, so that the melting point of the re-dried slag can be effectively reduced, the fluidity of the re-dried slag is improved, and the problem of converter re-drying is solved.
Further, the addition amount of the first-batch re-drying inhibitor is 3-5 kg/t steel.
Further, the addition amount of the first batch of the re-drying inhibitor is determined according to the Si content of molten iron which is charged into a furnace, and when the Si content of the molten iron is less than 0.20%, the addition amount of the inhibitor is 5kg/t of steel; when the Si content of molten iron is between 0.20% and 0.50%, the addition amount is 4kg/t steel; when the Si content of molten iron is more than 0.50%, the addition amount is 2kg/t steel. The addition amount of the re-drying inhibitor is set according to the charging system and the slagging system of the converter, and aims to match the slagging route in the converting process with the temperature rise of a molten pool and the oxidation and removal of elements, the addition amount is low, the effect of inhibiting the re-drying cannot be achieved, the aggressibility of the added amount of the blast furnace slag is strong, the service life of a furnace lining is reduced, and the activities of calcium oxide and ferrous oxide are reduced, so that dephosphorization is not facilitated.
Furthermore, the addition interval time of the 2 nd to 4 th batches of the re-drying inhibitor is 40 to 70s.
3. Advantageous effects
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the converter re-drying inhibitor, the problem of converter slag re-drying can be effectively solved through the compounding of the RH dedusting ash, bauxite and limestone, the recycling of the RH dedusting ash is realized, and meanwhile, the condition that the content fluctuation of (MnO) in slag and the re-drying phenomenon occur repeatedly can be effectively avoided by the application of the re-drying inhibitor.
(2) According to the method for effectively preventing converter slag from being returned to dryness, the return-to-dryness inhibitor is added in batches when the converter converting temperature reaches 1360-1400 ℃ or the slag is returned to dryness, the viscosity of the slag is obviously reduced, the fluidity of the slag is obviously improved, the purpose of eliminating the return-to-dryness is achieved, the recycling of RH dust is realized, the manganese content of molten steel at the smelting end point of the converter is improved, and the production cost of steel is reduced.
(3) According to the method for effectively preventing converter slag from being returned to dryness, the return-to-dryness inhibitor is directly added into the converter, and oxygen supply parameters such as the lance position, the oxygen pressure and the oxygen flow are kept unchanged, so that the problem of slag return to dryness can be solved under the condition that a converting process is unchanged, the problems of splashing and the like caused by unreasonable addition of substances such as iron scales or unreasonable lance position of the oxygen lance are completely avoided, and the stability of converter smelting is ensured.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the use of the present invention in a 120 ton converter in a plant, the smelting grade being HRB400, but it should be noted that the invention is not limited to the smelting of this particular grade in practice.
Example 1
The "re-drying inhibitor" of this example comprises the following components in weight percent: RH dust removal ash: 90%, bauxite: 5%, limestone: 5%; adding a re-drying inhibitor into a converter in batches in the converter smelting process, adding the re-drying inhibitor into the converter when the blowing temperature of the converter reaches 1360 ℃ in the first batch, and adding the re-drying inhibitor into the converter in two batches when the re-drying phenomenon occurs in the converter (in the middle of the converter smelting, the carbon-oxygen reaction is severe, the flame at the furnace mouth is directly flee, hard and straight, and simultaneously the harsher strange sound is heard, and sometimes metal particles are seen to be sprayed out, so that the slag re-drying phenomenon occurs at the moment), wherein the adding interval time of the later two batches is 1 minute.
Example 2
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is mainly that: the "re-drying inhibitor" of this example comprises the following components in weight percent: RH dust removal ash: 91%, bauxite: 8%, limestone: 2%; the first batch of the re-drying inhibitor in this example was added when the converter converting temperature reached between 1400 ℃.
Example 3
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is mainly that: the "re-drying inhibitor" of this example comprises the following components in weight percent: RH dust removal ash: 94%, bauxite: 4%, limestone: 2%; the first batch of re-drying inhibitor in this example was added when the converter converting temperature reached between 1385 ℃.
Comparative examples 1 to 2
Comparative examples 1 and 2 suppressed the slag back-drying phenomenon by adding iron scale.
Comparative examples 3 to 4
Comparative examples 3 and 4 suppressed the slag back-drying phenomenon by means of gun lifting.
The comparative data of the slag re-drying inhibition test parameters in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 are shown in the following table 1, and it can be seen from the table that, according to the Si content at the time of charging molten iron into the furnace, a small amount of "re-drying inhibitor" is added before re-drying, and when the converter has the slag re-drying, after the "re-drying inhibitor" mainly comprising RH dust is added, the slag re-drying phenomenon is eliminated under the conditions of constant gun position, oxygen pressure and oxygen blowing flow, and the [ Mn ] content at the smelting end point of the converter is improved. The iron scale or gun lifting position is added, and the specific technological parameters are easy to be unreasonable, so that the phenomenon that the foam splash or the backfire phenomenon is not eliminated is caused, the consumption of steel materials is obviously increased, and the production is smooth and the cost is greatly influenced.
TABLE 1 comparison of test tables for inhibiting the back drying of slag for examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4
Example 4
The "re-drying inhibitor" of this example comprises the following components in weight percent: RH dust removal ash: 90%, bauxite: 7%, limestone: 3%; when the converter blowing temperature reaches 1375 ℃ in the converter smelting process, the addition amount of the re-drying inhibitor is 4kg/t steel because the Si content of molten iron is 0.20%; since no re-drying phenomenon occurs in the follow-up process, no re-drying inhibitor is required to be added continuously, and the converting process is stable.
Example 5
The "re-drying inhibitor" of this example comprises the following components in weight percent: RH dust removal ash: 92%, bauxite: 5%, limestone: 3%; adding a re-drying inhibitor into a converter in batches in the converter smelting process, wherein the first batch is added when the converter blowing temperature reaches 1370 ℃, and the adding amount of the first batch is 2kg/t steel because the Si content of molten iron is 0.60%; when the re-drying phenomenon occurs in the furnace, adding a re-drying inhibitor into the furnace in three batches, wherein the adding interval time of the three batches is 70s, the adding total amount of the three batches of inhibitor is 12kg/t steel, and the re-drying phenomenon disappears after 110 seconds by adopting the method of the embodiment, so that the subsequent converting process is stable.
Example 6
The "re-drying inhibitor" of this example comprises the following components in weight percent: RH dust removal ash: 92%, bauxite: 6%, limestone: 2%; and adding a re-drying inhibitor into the converter in batches in the converter smelting process, wherein the first batch is added when the converter blowing temperature reaches 1390 ℃, and the re-drying inhibitor is added into the converter in three batches when the re-drying phenomenon occurs in the converter, wherein the total addition amount of the inhibitor is 18kg/t steel, and the re-drying phenomenon disappears after 140 seconds by adopting the method of the embodiment.
Claims (5)
1. A method for effectively solving the problem of converter slag re-drying is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the converter blowing process, adding a re-drying inhibitor into the converter, wherein the re-drying inhibitor comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: RH dust removal ash: 90-94% of bauxite: 4-8% of limestone: 2-5%, wherein MnO content in RH dedusting ash is more than 80%; adding a first batch of re-drying inhibitor when the blowing temperature of the converter reaches 1360-1400 ℃, and adding the rest inhibitor in 2 or 3 batches after the re-drying phenomenon occurs; the adding amount of the first batch of the re-drying inhibitor is determined according to the Si content of molten iron which is charged into a furnace, and when the Si content of the molten iron is less than 0.20%, the adding amount of the inhibitor is 5kg/t of steel; when the Si content of the molten iron is between 0.20% and 0.50%, the addition amount is 4kg/t steel; when the Si content of molten iron is more than 0.50%, the addition amount is 2kg/t steel.
2. The method for effectively solving the problem of converter slag re-drying according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the re-drying inhibitor is 15-20 kg/t steel.
3. The method for effectively solving the problem of converter slag re-drying according to claim 1, wherein the inhibitor is spherical formed by uniformly mixing raw materials in proportion and sintering.
4. The method for effectively solving the problem of converter slag re-drying according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the addition amount of the first re-drying inhibitor is 3-5 kg/t steel.
5. The method for effectively solving the problem of converter slag re-drying according to claim 4, wherein the adding interval time of the 2 nd-4 th batch of re-drying inhibitor is 40-70 s.
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