CN115510594B - Connection interface state control and detection method - Google Patents
Connection interface state control and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115510594B CN115510594B CN202211420407.0A CN202211420407A CN115510594B CN 115510594 B CN115510594 B CN 115510594B CN 202211420407 A CN202211420407 A CN 202211420407A CN 115510594 B CN115510594 B CN 115510594B
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Abstract
The application belongs to the field of design of aero-engines, and relates to a method for controlling and detecting the state of a connection interface. And based on the identified key influence factors, a method for controlling and checking the contact state of the connecting structure is provided. The design of the connecting structure can be rapidly developed, and key control can be performed according to key factors influencing the interface contact state of the connecting structure. Meanwhile, the contact state of the connecting structure can be judged by the provided checking method taking the loosening torque checking as the core, and a direction is provided for improving the rotor connecting structure. The minimum value is selected in the design interval, whether the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face meets the requirement is judged, if not, at least one amplification node is added every time, and judgment is carried out again until the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face is met, so that the most appropriate connection interface state can be found quickly.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of aero-engine design, and particularly relates to a connection interface state control and detection method.
Background
Along with the gradual improvement of the requirement of tactical and technical indexes, in order to realize the indexes of high unit thrust, turbine front temperature and reliability, the rotating speed and the load of the rotor of the aero-engine are continuously improved, the working stress and the environmental temperature in the engine are increasingly high, and the using condition of the engine is increasingly harsh. This places greater demands on the structural robustness design of the engine components.
In the test run process of the whole aircraft engine, the problems of whole machine vibration overrun, sudden rise and drop of fundamental frequency, low-pressure frequency multiplication, high-low pressure coupling frequency, modulation frequency and the like can occur, and meanwhile, the problems of micro-motion damage, large increase of loosening moment, uneven circumferential direction, even medium fulcrum damage, crack of a bearing support plate and the like exist when a rotor interface is decomposed.
Therefore, it is important to effectively control the interface of the connection structure and check the interface contact state. However, the design of the connection structure interface is lack of systematicness at present, the contact state inspection of the connection structure interface is limited to the observation of the wear condition of the contact surface after the decomposition, and a systematic inspection judgment method is lacked. Meanwhile, data accumulation is only carried out on the connecting bolt loosening torque in the prior art, and the problem that whether the engine works in the contact state and the load condition of the connecting interface is not analyzed in combination with the loosening torque.
Therefore, how to control the interface of the connection structure more effectively is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a connection interface state control and detection method to solve the problems that in the prior art, the design of a connection structure interface is lack of systematicness, and the inspection of the connection structure interface is lack of system inspection.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows: a method for controlling and detecting the state of a connection interface comprises the following steps: performing mechanism analysis on the state change of the contra-rotating and stator connecting interfaces, and determining key factors influencing the contact state of the connecting interfaces, wherein the key factors comprise the contact state uniformity of the force transmission end face; determining influence factors of the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face, including the specification of a connecting piece, a positioning and centering structure, a mounting edge milling lace structure, the distance between bolts, the thickness of a mounting edge and the pretightening force requirement of the bolts, and setting an amplification node; designing small nodes for each influence factor; performing structural decomposition, measuring the loosening torque of each connecting bolt at the connecting structure, determining the contact state uniformity of the force transmission end face after redesigning, setting a uniformity threshold value, comparing the contact state uniformity of the force transmission end face with the uniformity threshold value, and determining whether the uniformity requirement of the contact state of the force transmission end face is met; if not, increasing the amplification nodes of at least one of the influencing factors, judging whether the influence factors meet the requirements again, and if not, increasing the number of the amplification nodes again until the requirement on the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face is met; and if so, finishing the connection interface state control.
Preferably, the influence factors on the uniformity of the contact state of the force-transmitting end face further include: at least one local rigidity weak link is arranged on the connecting structure; the specific setting method of the local rigidity weak link comprises the following steps: firstly determining unbalanced excitation quantity and deformation quantity in the current state, determining the number and positions of local rigidity weak links, then measuring the unbalanced excitation quantity and the deformation quantity of the connecting structure again, judging whether the requirements of standard values are met, and if so, finishing the setting; if not, re-determining and setting the number and positions of local rigidity weak links until the requirements of unbalanced excitation quantity and deformation quantity are met.
Preferably, the method for measuring the loosening torque comprises the following steps: decomposing different engines according to respective set decomposition times, obtaining average values, average values plus standard deviations and average values minus standard deviations of different engines and different decomposition times after the different engines are decomposed one by one according to different decomposition times, respectively forming different fold lines by adopting different types of data, drawing the fold lines in the same fold line graph, and determining the loosening moment and the dispersion degree of the loosening moment of each engine in different decomposition times; the method comprises the steps of obtaining tightening torque when the same engine is assembled, determining the change range of loosening torque compared with the tightening torque and the circumferential uniformity of the loosening torque, drawing a star-shaped graph, defining and determining the increase coefficient of the loosening torque and the non-uniform coefficient of the loosening torque, and obtaining the contact state uniformity of the force transmission end face after redesign through the star-shaped graph and a broken line graph.
Preferably, the loosening moment is increased by a factor
And coefficient of non-uniformity of loosening moment
Comprises the following steps:
in the formula
For the loosening moment of the ith bolt,
the assembling and tightening torque of the bolts is shown, and n is the number of the bolts; when the loosening moment increases the coefficient
Coefficient of non-uniformity of loosening moment
And meanwhile, the requirement on the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face is met.
Preferably, the setting method of the specification of the connecting piece is as follows: the specification of a thread bearing the working load of the engine is not less than M8, a longitudinal installation edge is arranged to adopt an M10 bolt, and a fastener adopts MJ threads; the setting method of the positioning and centering structure comprises the following steps: the mounting edges of the bearing paths are connected by a certain number of precision bolts, and the length of the precision fit segment of the casing and the precision bolts is not less than 2mm; if a split casing is adopted, the split casing joint surface and the front and rear connecting surfaces adopt precise bolts which are 1/3 to 1/4 of the total number of the precise bolts; the setting method of the mounting edge milling lace structure comprises the following steps: the bolt hole interval that sets up adjacent accurate bolt is L, and the bolt hole diameter is D, then works as: L/2D is more than 3.5, and no lace is milled; L/2D is more than 2.5 and less than or equal to 3.5, and the milled lace can not exceed a distribution circle; L/2D is less than or equal to 2.5, and the milled lace can not exceed the excircle.
Preferably, the method for setting the bolt pitch comprises the following steps: setting the distance between adjacent bolt holes on a force transmission path of the rotor to be not more than 3 times of the diameter of the bolt, setting the maximum distance between bolts on the mounting edge of the air sealing casing to be not more than 5 times of the diameter of the bolt, and setting the maximum distance between bolts on the mounting edge of the lubricating oil sealing casing to be not more than 4 times of the diameter of the bolt; the thickness of the mounting edge is set to be not less than 3mm.
According to the method for controlling and detecting the state of the connection interface, the key factors influencing the contact state of the connection interface are identified by analyzing the mechanism of the state change of the rotor connection interface. And based on the identified key influence factors, a method for controlling and checking the contact state of the connecting structure is provided. The design of the connecting structure can be rapidly developed, and key control can be performed according to key factors influencing the interface contact state of the connecting structure. Meanwhile, the contact state of the connecting structure can be judged by the provided inspection method taking 'loosening torque' inspection as a core, and a direction is provided for improving the rotor connecting structure. The minimum value is selected in the design interval, whether the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face meets the requirement is judged, if not, at least one amplification node is added every time, and judgment is carried out again until the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face is met, so that the most appropriate connection interface state can be found quickly, and the design efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions provided by the present application, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly understood that the drawings described below are only illustrative of some embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall flow diagram of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism analysis structure of the state change of the rotor and stator connection interface in the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the parameters of the installation edge milling lace structure of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the milled lace structure of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of release torque for different resolution times for each engine of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram comparing the tightening torque and the loosening torque of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
A method for controlling and detecting the state of a connection interface, as shown in FIG. 1, comprises the following steps:
s100, carrying out mechanism analysis on state change of the contra-rotating stator connecting interface and the stator connecting interface, and determining key factors influencing the contact state of the connecting interface, wherein the key factors comprise the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face;
the mechanism analysis process of the rotor and stator connection interface state change is shown in fig. 2, and the key factors influencing the connection interface contact state are determined by analyzing the problems step by step, and mainly comprise the initial unbalance amount of a rotor assembly, the connection structure centering cylindrical surface and the uniformity of the force transmission end surface contact state:
1) The contact state of the connecting interface is different in the assembling process, the initial unbalance of the rotor assembly is mainly influenced, and the unbalance/phase and coaxiality (jumping amount) among all structural units need to be controlled in the assembling process so as to ensure the initial unbalance after the assembling;
2) The moment of the wheel disc gyroscope should act on the drum shaft to improve the bending deformation resistance of the rotor, and the moment acting on the rear shaft neck can cause the pivot dynamic load to be increased. The uniformity and the all-state dispersion of the flange connection need to be ensured. In the assembling process, through the runout amount and the coaxiality, the contact state uniformity of the centering cylindrical surface and the force transmission end surface of the connecting structure is controlled, and the robustness of the connecting structure is improved.
According to key factors influencing the contact state of the connecting interface obtained by analysis, measures are required to be taken to control the contact state of the interface from the aspects of the initial unbalance amount of the rotor, the assembling gradient of the wheel disc, the contact uniformity of the connecting interface, the coaxiality of the supporting point of the stator and the like. The comprehensive scheme is provided only from the aspect of controlling the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face.
S200, determining influence factors of the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face, wherein the influence factors comprise the links of connecting piece specification, a positioning and centering structure, an installation edge milling lace structure, bolt spacing, installation edge thickness, bolt pretightening force requirement and local rigidity weakness; designing small nodes for each influence factor, and setting an amplification node;
the method for designing the small nodes is specifically set to determine the design interval of each influence factor, if the thread specification of the working load of the engine is M5-M10, the working load is divided into six nodes according to rules, and the design is carried out by the small nodes, namely M5; for another example, the number interval of the tight bolts on the installation edge of the bearing path is 15-30, the tight bolts are divided into 16 nodes, and small nodes are selected for design, namely 15 precise bolts. Wherein, the installation side mills the node of lace structure, is to mill the lace degree of depth and width from big to little design promptly.
The specific setting method of local rigidity weak links comprises the following steps: firstly determining unbalanced excitation quantity and deformation quantity in the current state, determining the number and positions of local rigidity weak links, then measuring the unbalanced excitation quantity and the deformation quantity of the connecting structure again, judging whether the requirements of standard values are met, and if so, finishing the setting; if not, the number and the positions of local rigidity weak links are re-determined and set until the requirements of unbalanced excitation quantity and deformation quantity are met.
The arrangement of the proper connector specification can improve the connection reliability and air tightness.
The proper positioning and centering structure can ensure the centering and the connection of the rotor and stator connecting structure of the engine to be stable and reliable. In order to prevent vibration caused by cold and hot state centering, improper positioning, connection rigidity change or balance damage, cold and hot state centering must be paid attention to simultaneously and sufficient connection rigidity is ensured for joint surfaces between stators and rotor bearing surfaces which influence the coaxiality of the fulcrum and the joint surfaces which influence the coaxiality of the rotor bearing surfaces. The fit of the seam allowance at the joint surfaces needs to be determined by calculation, and the principle that no clearance (or excessive clearance) exists in cold and hot states is generally taken as a principle. The radial and axial mating portions between the rotors (disks, spacers or spacers and mounting edges, etc.) should be held in tight fit under assembly conditions, under any engine service conditions, and under most of the most adverse transient and dimensional tolerance conditions to ensure that the mating portions provide adequate support for the blade/disk vibrational modes, the shaft critical rotational speed, and the balance of the rotors. And judging the connection stability of the rotor and stator structures in a strength checking mode.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, if the rotor mounting edge is milled with a lace, the depth and the width of the milled lace are reduced as much as possible under the condition that the requirements of unloading, assembling and the like of the mounting edge are met. The lace is not milled on the installation edge of the force transmission path of the stator as far as possible.
Meanwhile, the size of the milled lace can ensure that the following parameters meet the design requirements:
h-maximum bolt hole diameter;
W min designing the required minimum wall thickness around the hole, wherein the diameter value of the bolt hole is generally 0.45 to 0.6 times;
e, the width of the mounting edge is about 1.5 to 1.8 times of the aperture of the bolt;
t-bolt distribution circle diameter;
a is the difference between the radius of the root of the sector and the radius of the bolt hole distribution circle; the difference A = (J-T)/2 is about 0 to 1/4 of the bolt aperture;
R N -radius of the milling cutter, commonly used radius is R20, R30, R40, R50, R60, R65mm;
j-sector root diameter.
Sufficient residual preload is provided to prevent separation of the bolted connection under normal use conditions. Residual pretension refers to the effective pretension under any given use condition. The effective pre-tightening force refers to the assembling pre-tightening force of the bolt, wherein the pre-tightening force refers to the residual pre-tightening force after the pre-tightening force is reduced under the consideration of the effects of relaxation effect, creep deformation, yield, poisson's ratio effect caused by the circumferential stress of the flange edge, thermal expansion difference, change of elastic modulus under the temperature condition and the like caused by the temperature.
Step S300, carrying out structural decomposition, measuring the loosening torque of each connecting bolt at the connecting structure, determining the contact state uniformity of the force transmission end face after redesign, setting a uniformity threshold value, setting an amplification node, comparing the contact state uniformity of the force transmission end face with the uniformity threshold value, and determining whether the uniformity requirement of the contact state of the force transmission end face is met; if not, increasing the amplification nodes of at least one of the influencing factors, judging whether the influence factors meet the requirements again, and if not, increasing the number of the amplification nodes again until the requirement on the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face is met; and if so, finishing the connection interface state control.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the loosening torque is preferably measured by:
decomposing different engines according to respective set decomposition times, obtaining average values, average values plus standard deviations and average values minus standard deviations of different engines and different decomposition times after the different engines are decomposed one by one according to different decomposition times, respectively forming different fold lines by adopting different types of data, drawing the fold lines in the same fold line graph, and determining the loosening moment and the dispersion degree of the loosening moment of each engine in different decomposition times;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining tightening torque when the same engine is assembled, determining the change range of loosening torque compared with the tightening torque and the circumferential uniformity of the loosening torque, drawing a star-shaped graph, defining and determining the increase coefficient of the loosening torque and the non-uniform coefficient of the loosening torque, and obtaining the contact state uniformity of the force transmission end face after redesign through the star-shaped graph and a broken line graph.
The uniformity of the contact state of the connecting structure is checked in a mode of drawing a line graph and a star graph, and a basis is provided for analyzing the coordination of rotor and stator deformation and the robustness of the connecting structure when the engine works.
By measuring and controlling the increased amplitude and the circumferential distribution uniformity of the bolt loosening torque, the assembly state of the rotor and the adverse effect on the rotor imbalance can also be controlled.
Preferably, the coefficient of increase of the loosening moment
And coefficient of non-uniformity of loosening moment
Comprises the following steps:
in the formula
For the loosening moment of the ith bolt,
assembling and screwing torque of the bolts, wherein n is the number of the bolts; when the loosening moment increases the coefficient
Coefficient of non-uniformity of loosening moment
In the process, the requirement on the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face is met.
The uniformity threshold set was: when the loosening moment increases the coefficient
Coefficient of non-uniformity of loosening moment
It indicates that the rotor is well assembled.
Preferably, the setting method of the specification of the connecting piece is as follows: the specification of the thread bearing the working load of the engine is not less than M8, the longitudinal installation edge is arranged by adopting an M10 bolt, and the fastener adopts MJ thread;
the setting method of the positioning and centering structure comprises the following steps: the mounting edges of the bearing paths are connected by a certain number of precision bolts, and the length of the precision fit segment of the casing and the precision bolts is not less than 2mm; if a split casing is adopted, the split casing joint surface and the front and rear connecting surfaces adopt precise bolts which are 1/3 to 1/4 of the total number of the precise bolts;
the setting method of the installation edge milling lace structure comprises the following steps: the bolt hole interval that sets up adjacent accurate bolt is L, and the bolt hole diameter is D, then works as: L/2D is more than 3.5, and no lace is milled; L/2D is more than 2.5 and less than or equal to 3.5, and the milled lace can not exceed a distribution circle; L/2D is less than or equal to 2.5, and the milled lace can not exceed the excircle.
The setting method of the bolt spacing comprises the following steps: setting the distance between adjacent bolt holes on a force transmission path of the rotor to be not more than 3 times of the diameter of the bolt, setting the maximum distance between bolts on the mounting edge of the air sealing casing to be not more than 5 times of the diameter of the bolt, and setting the maximum distance between bolts on the mounting edge of the lubricating oil sealing casing to be not more than 4 times of the diameter of the bolt;
the thickness of the mounting edge is set to be not less than 3mm.
By analyzing the mechanism of the state change of the rotor connecting interface, the key factors influencing the contact state of the connecting interface are identified. And based on the identified key influence factors, a method for controlling and checking the contact state of the connecting structure is provided. The design of the connecting structure can be rapidly developed, and key control can be performed according to key factors influencing the interface contact state of the connecting structure. Meanwhile, the contact state of the connecting structure can be judged by the provided inspection method taking 'loosening torque' inspection as a core, and a direction is provided for improving the rotor connecting structure. The minimum value is selected again in the design interval to judge whether the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face meets the requirement, if not, at least one amplification node is added at each time, and judgment is carried out again until the uniformity requirement of the contact state of the force transmission end face is met, so that the most appropriate connection interface state can be quickly found, and the design efficiency is improved.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for controlling and detecting the state of a connection interface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
performing mechanism analysis on the state change of the contra-rotating and stator connecting interfaces, and determining key factors influencing the contact state of the connecting interfaces, wherein the key factors comprise the contact state uniformity of the force transmission end face;
determining influence factors of the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face, wherein the influence factors comprise the specification of a connecting piece, a positioning and centering structure, a mounting edge milling lace structure, the bolt spacing, the mounting edge thickness and the bolt pretightening force requirement; designing small nodes for each influence factor, and setting an amplification node;
performing structural decomposition, measuring the loosening torque of each connecting bolt at the connecting structure, determining the contact state uniformity of the force transmission end face after redesign, setting a uniformity threshold value, comparing the contact state uniformity of the force transmission end face with the uniformity threshold value, and determining whether the uniformity requirement of the contact state of the force transmission end face is met; if not, increasing the amplification nodes of at least one of the influencing factors, judging whether the influence factors meet the requirements again, and if not, increasing the number of the amplification nodes again until the requirement on the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face is met; and if so, finishing the connection interface state control.
2. The method for controlling and testing the condition of a connection interface of claim 1, wherein the factors that influence the uniformity of the contact condition of the force-transmitting end surfaces further include: at least one local rigidity weak link is arranged on the connecting structure; the specific setting method of the local rigidity weak link comprises the following steps: firstly, determining unbalanced excitation quantity and deformation quantity in the current state, determining the number and positions of local rigidity weak links, then measuring the unbalanced excitation quantity and the deformation quantity of the connecting structure again, judging whether the requirements of standard values are met, and if so, finishing the setting; if not, re-determining and setting the number and positions of local rigidity weak links until the requirements of unbalanced excitation quantity and deformation quantity are met.
3. The connection interface state control and detection method of claim 1, wherein the loosening torque is measured by:
decomposing different engines according to respective set decomposition times, obtaining the average value, the average value plus the standard deviation and the average value minus the standard deviation of different engines and different decomposition times after different engines are decomposed one by one according to different decomposition times, respectively forming different broken lines by adopting different types of data, drawing the broken lines in the same broken line graph, and determining the loosening moment of different decomposition times of each engine and the dispersion degree of the loosening moment;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining tightening torque when the same engine is assembled, determining the change range of loosening torque compared with the tightening torque and the circumferential uniformity of the loosening torque, drawing a star-shaped graph, defining and determining the increase coefficient of the loosening torque and the non-uniform coefficient of the loosening torque, and obtaining the contact state uniformity of the force transmission end face after redesign through the star-shaped graph and a broken line graph.
4. The connection interface state control and detection method of claim 3, wherein the loosening torque has an increasing coefficient
And coefficient of non-uniformity of loosening moment
Comprises the following steps:
in the formula
Is the ith oneThe loosening moment of the bolt is generated,
the assembling and tightening torque of the bolts is shown, and n is the number of the bolts; when the loosening moment increases the coefficient
Coefficient of non-uniformity of loosening moment
In the process, the requirement on the uniformity of the contact state of the force transmission end face is met.
5. The connection interface state control and detection method of claim 1, wherein the connection specification setting method comprises: the specification of a thread bearing the working load of the engine is not less than M8, a longitudinal installation edge is arranged to adopt an M10 bolt, and a fastener adopts MJ threads;
the setting method of the positioning and centering structure comprises the following steps: the mounting edges of the bearing paths are connected by a certain number of precision bolts, and the length of the precision fit segment of the casing and the precision bolts is not less than 2mm; if a split casing is adopted, adopting the precise bolts to be 1/3 to 1/4 of the total quantity of the precise bolts for a split casing joint surface and front and rear connecting surfaces;
the setting method of the mounting edge milling lace structure comprises the following steps: the bolt hole interval that sets up adjacent accurate bolt is L, and the bolt hole diameter is D, then works as: L/2D is more than 3.5, and no lace is milled; L/2D is more than 2.5 and less than or equal to 3.5, and the milled lace can not exceed a distribution circle; L/2D is less than or equal to 2.5, and the milled lace can not exceed the excircle.
6. The connection interface state control and detection method of claim 1, wherein the bolt pitch is set by: setting the distance between adjacent bolt holes on a force transmission path of the rotor to be not more than 3 times of the diameter of the bolt, setting the maximum distance between bolts on the mounting edge of the air sealing casing to be not more than 5 times of the diameter of the bolt, and setting the maximum distance between bolts on the mounting edge of the lubricating oil sealing casing to be not more than 4 times of the diameter of the bolt;
the thickness of the mounting edge is set to be not less than 3mm.
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