CN115502414B - Multi-beam electron beam in-situ reaction material-adding method for gradient transition titanium alloy - Google Patents
Multi-beam electron beam in-situ reaction material-adding method for gradient transition titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013499 data model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a gradient transition titanium alloy multi-beam electron beam in-situ reaction material adding method, which comprises the following specific steps: firstly, carrying out additive pretreatment, mixing the aerosolized spherical Ti6-Al4-V titanium alloy powder with a certain amount of Ti powder and B 4 The powder C is fully mixed and used as a raw material for melting the additive in a selected area; secondly, preparing a multi-beam electron beam material adding device, and adjusting parameters such as electron beam power, powder spreading thickness, scanning speed and the like; and finally, scanning the additive layer by layer according to the computer layering section information, synchronously preheating the additive by a plurality of electron beams, realizing different heat inputs of different areas, and finally forming the whole part. The invention utilizes Ti powder and B in the process of material addition 4 The C powder has the characteristics of different types and shapes of reinforcing phase particles generated by in-situ reaction under different heat inputs and different cooling rates, and realizes the material increase of gradient transition reinforced titanium alloy by combining a method of synchronously preheating and scanning by multiple electron beams.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gradient transition titanium alloy in-situ reaction additive manufacturing, in particular to a gradient transition titanium alloy multi-beam electron beam in-situ reaction additive manufacturing method, which is specifically Ti6-Al4-V and B 4 C, in-situ reaction to generate a multi-beam electron beam selective melting additive manufacturing method of the gradient transition reinforced titanium alloy material.
Background
With the development of technology and the improvement of productivity level, general traditional materials are more and more difficult to meet the use requirements of special parts. The gradient material is a special heterogeneous material, realizes the connection of heterogeneous materials by the gradient transition of the material, improves the phenomenon of poor connection of different materials, can obtain continuous variability in performance, is a material with great development potential, and has wide scientific research and application prospects in the aspects of aerospace, biomedical treatment and the like. At present, the preparation of the gradient material is mostly realized by the continuous change or near continuous change of the composition gradient of dissimilar metals or alloys, but the method for preparing the gradient material by the microstructure gradient change of the same metals or alloys is relatively less, and the development space is wide in the direction.
Titanium alloy is used as one of the future metals, and plays an important role in aerospace, petrochemical industry, mechanical manufacturing, biomedical treatment and the like by the characteristics of high specific strength, small density and strong corrosion resistance and the excellent high temperature resistance and biocompatibility. The traditional Ti6-Al4-V titanium alloy has excellent plasticity and toughness, but the strength and the wear resistance are slightly inferior, so the strengthening of the titanium alloy becomes one of the hot research subjects. Among the numerous strengthening methods of titanium alloys, surface laser cladding techniques utilizing in situ reactions of titanium alloys with ceramic materials have gained acceptance in recent years. The method can well combine the advantages of high strength, high heat resistance, high wear resistance, oxidation resistance and the like of the ceramic material with the characteristics of the titanium alloy, so that the material has excellent surface performance and has good development prospect. However, the thickness of the cladding layer produced by the laser cladding method is generally between tens of micrometers and several millimeters, which is limited by the energy density of the laser and the processing method, and is only a surface strengthening means, and the inside of the titanium alloy is not fully strengthened.
Additive manufacturing technology, also known as 3D printing, has also become one of the more and more important means of material shaping in recent years. The method changes the traditional idea of 'material reduction' in the previous material processing process, and proposes a 'no-to-no' material addition theoretical mode. In the additive manufacturing process, a three-dimensional data model of a required part is firstly simulated by using a computer program, then the model is subjected to layered slicing in a proper direction, and a processing scanning path of each layered slicing is set. And then, manufacturing the parts layer by matching with a movable base, a wire feeder or a powder feeding and spreading system according to a path program set by a computer in a wire feeding cladding or powder sintering mode, and finally forming the complete parts. The method has the advantages of high material utilization rate, short production period, high production efficiency, high automation degree and the like; more importantly, the method for producing the part has high flexibility, can process products with complex internal structures and multiple heterogeneous structures, and has great advantages compared with the traditional processing method.
Simultaneously with the additive manufacturing technology, multi-beam technology is also emerging, wherein multi-beam welding, which is represented by multi-beam electron beams, additive manufacturing methods are also gradually coming into the field of view. The multi-beam electron beam is one of the practical applications of the high-energy controlled beam technology, and the high-frequency switching of the beam at different positions can be realized by utilizing the characteristics of almost no mass and inertia of electrons and the deflection below microsecond level. Because the common metal materials have thermal inertia, the electron beam current with high-frequency position switching can realize the multi-beam processing process. The prior relevant scholars utilize a plurality of electron beams to carry out synchronous preheating welding, and experimental results show that the welding method for carrying out synchronous preheating through the multi-beam technology can greatly reduce the internal stress of a workpiece so as to reduce the deformation of the workpiece generated in the welding process, thereby having great research significance.
In summary, the method of additive manufacturing layering processing is utilized to realize the strengthening of the whole component, the multi-beam flow technology is utilized to realize synchronous preheating scanning so as to minimize internal stress, and the reaction and growth characteristics of the strengthening phase in the strengthening process of the titanium alloy ceramic are combined, so that a new thought is provided for the manufacturing of the gradient material at the present stage, and the problems of low flexibility degree and the like in the current manufacturing of the gradient material are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Ti6-Al4-V and B 4 C in-situ reaction to generate gradient transition reinforced titanium alloy materialMultiple electron beam additive manufacturing method of Ti6-Al4-V titanium alloy and B 4 C generates in-situ reaction in the process of material addition, and TiB and Ti are generated in titanium base 2 B, tiC and other ceramic reinforced particles, different heat inputs of different areas are realized and internal stress is reduced by combining a multi-beam electron beam synchronous preheating scanning material adding mode, and a manufacturing method of the gradient material is provided.
In the method, when the titanium alloy and ceramic particles are subjected to in-situ reaction, when the electron beam power is high, the heat input is high, the in-situ reaction is fully carried out, and the liquid state solidification is slow, so that the reaction product grows fully in the solidification process, a strip or rod-shaped reinforcing phase is formed, the grains are coarse, and the wear resistance and the strength of the material are insufficient; when the power and the heat input of the electron beam are moderate, on the premise of sufficient reaction, the liquid phase solidification speed is slower, the granular reinforcing phases are more, crystal grains are refined, and the wear resistance and the strength of the material are optimal due to the characteristic that the melting pool life of the electron beam selective melting body is shorter; when the electron beam and the heat input are smaller, partial ceramic particles do not fully react in situ to form larger ceramic phases, crystal grains are larger, and the material can keep certain ceramic characteristics. Therefore, when the part is formed, the change of electron beam heat input is realized by controlling the synchronous clock change of the power and the scanning area of the electron beam generator, powder feeding, powder spreading and electron beam processing are carried out on the Z-axis direction layering information and the scanning path planning information of the three-dimensional model in an additive manufacturing system according to the STL file, so that different microstructures are generated in the same titanium alloy ceramic reinforcing component, the gradient change of the microstructures is realized, and the performance gradient component with the characteristics of gradually decreasing ceramic characteristics, gradually decreasing wear resistance and gradually increasing strength can be obtained. Meanwhile, the method adopts a mode of synchronously preheating a plurality of streams formed by the high-frequency coil to increase the material, so that the problem of serious powder flying during powder material processing is solved to a great extent, the forming quality is ensured, and each melting area has good compatibility with an adjacent area and an adjacent layer; compared with other preheating modes, the synchronous preheating can improve the additive heat cycle, further strengthen the heat cycle process of the formed part of the upper layer to the lower layer, realize the 'in-situ heat treatment' of the upper layer to the lower layer, and greatly reduce the internal stress of the formed part.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
ti6-Al4-V and B 4 The multi-beam electron beam additive manufacturing method for generating the gradient transition reinforced titanium alloy material through in-situ reaction comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, mixing the aerosolized spherical Ti6-Al4-V titanium alloy powder with a certain amount of Ti powder and B 4 The powder C is fully mixed and used as a raw material for melting the additive in a selected area;
step 2, a three-dimensional model of a part to be processed is established, layering slicing treatment is carried out on the three-dimensional model, layering thickness is 0.2mm, the same cross section is divided into three areas from left to right, the three areas are used for additive with different heat inputs, and a scanning path of the additive is planned;
step 3, loading the mixed powder in the step 1 into a powder feeding device, and pumping the forming chamber to 1.0X10 -2 -5.0×10 - 2 Pa, preheating the substrate and the environment by using an electron beam, wherein the preheating parameters are as follows: the scanning speed of the electron beam is 10m/s, the beam current is 20mA, and the preheating time is 6min;
step 4, setting distribution form and power distribution of a plurality of electron beams: four electron beams are generated through high-frequency current in the deflection coil and are respectively numbered as I, II, III and IV, wherein the electron beam I is used for scanning and heating, and the electron beams II, III and IV are used for synchronous preheating; adjusting the power and distribution of the electron beam generator to ensure that the power distributed by the electron beam I is different and the power of the electron beams II, III and IV is basically unchanged when the electron beam I scans different areas in the step 2;
step 5, spreading a layer of powder with the thickness of 0.2mm on the substrate through the powder feeding mechanism and the powder spreading mechanism, and scanning according to a set scanning path; the scanning interval of the electron beam is 0.2mm, the scanning speed is 0.072-0.085m/s, and after one layer of scanning is finished, the substrate moves downwards by a distance of 0.2 mm;
and 6, repeating the operation of the step 5 until the whole part is formed.
Further, in the step 1, the particle size of the aerosolized spherical Ti6-Al4-V titanium alloy powder is 5070 μm, ti powder particle size 50 μm, B 4 The granularity of the powder C is 60-120 mu m.
Further, in step 1, the spherical Ti6-Al4-V titanium alloy powder, ti powder and B are aerosolized 4 Powder C in mass ratio 357.6:7.68:2.24 (namely, the molar ratio is 8:1.6:0.4), and mechanical powder mixing is carried out by adopting a ball mill. Wherein the Ti6-Al4-V titanium alloy powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 5.84% of Al, 4.15% of V, 0.18% of Fe, 0.16% of O, 0.02% of C, 0.02% of N, 0.002% of H and the balance of Ti.
Further, in step 2, the dividing principle of the three areas is as follows: and (3) trisecting the forming area, and ensuring that the scanning paths of the laser in three areas are equal in any one-way linear scanning process.
Further, in step 2, the additive scanning path of the electron beam adopts zigzag scanning.
Further, in step 3, the current in the focusing coil is controlled to adjust the diameter of the light spot to be phi 3mm, and the scanning path is scanned in an S shape to cover the whole substrate.
Further, in step 4, the distribution of the four electron beams is as follows: focusing the scanning plane into light spots with diameters phi of 0.3-phi of 0.4mm, wherein the light spot center points of the electron beams II, III and IV are positioned on the vertexes of an equilateral triangle with the side length of 1mm, the light spot center points of the electron beams I and II and the center of gravity of the equilateral triangle are collinear with the scanning direction, and the electron beams II, III and IV are positioned at the front end of the scanning direction; the distance between the center point of the light spot of the electron beam I and the center of gravity of the equilateral triangle is constantly 3mm.
Further, in step 4, the power ranges of the electron beam generator are 560-620w, 750-820w, 680-720w when the electron beam I scans the areas I, II, III, respectively.
Further, in step 4, the power distribution of the electron beam is achieved by adjusting the duty cycle D of the deflection current, wherein:
D1＝0.9-0.95，D2＝D3＝D4＝(1-D1)/3。
further, in step 4, the current frequency in the deflection yoke is 30-40kHz.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
the invention utilizes multiple electron beams to make the Ti6-Al4-V and Ti powder and B 4 Adding materials to the mixed powder formed by the powder C, and generating TiB and Ti by in-situ reaction in the process 2 The gradient material is formed by the characteristics of different components and structures of ceramic strengthening phases of B, tiC and the like under different heat inputs, the concept of obtaining the gradient material through gradient change of the components is changed, the gradient material with continuously-changed structure and performance is formed through the difference of microstructures in the material, synchronous preheating and material adding are realized through multi-beam electron beam material adding, the material adding thermal cycle process is improved, the problems of flying powder and internal stress accumulation in the material adding process are reduced to the greatest extent, and the method has great scientific research value and wide practical application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-beam electron beam selective melting additive apparatus.
1. Filament, 2, cathode, 3, grid, 4, anode, 5, focusing coil, 6, scanning coil, 7, electron gun, 8, split electron beam, 9, vacuum chamber, 10, vertical motion stage, 11, forming bar, 12, mixed powder, 13 powder spreader, 14 powder feeder.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a scanning path and electron beam spot distribution.
FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of currents in deflection coils, where i1-i4 are the current levels when generating electron beams I-IV, respectively, i0 is the average current level, t is the current period, and t1-t4 are the time taken up by different currents in one period, respectively. Wherein, the i0 calculation method is as follows
The duty ratio calculation method of each of the electron beams I-IV is as follows
Dn＝tn/t。
Fig. 4 is a microscopic topography of an additive formed member at 200 x magnification under an optical microscope.
Detailed Description
The technical method of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments listed below, but also includes any combination of the embodiments.
With a multiple electron beam selective melting additive apparatus, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multiple electron beam selective melting additive apparatus.
The scanning path and the electron beam spot distribution of each layer are shown in figure 2.
The power distribution of the different electron beams is achieved by adjusting the duty cycle of the current in the deflection yoke, the waveform diagram of which is shown in fig. 3.
Examples
In this embodiment, for Ti6-Al4-V and B 4 C, in-situ reaction to generate multi-beam electron beam additive manufacturing of the gradient transition reinforced titanium alloy material, wherein the multi-beam electron beam additive manufacturing comprises the following steps of:
the first step: preparing an additive manufacturing substrate, wherein the substrate is a TC4 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 10mm. Preparation of aerosolized spherical Ti6-Al4-V powder having an average particle diameter of 60. Mu.m, aerosolized spherical Ti powder having an average particle diameter of 60. Mu.m, and B having an average particle diameter of 90. Mu.m 4 Powder C is used as an additive raw material for selective laser melting, and the mass ratio of the powder C to the additive raw material is 357.6:7.68:2.24 (namely, the molar ratio is 8:1.6:0.4), mechanical powder mixing is carried out by adopting a ball mill for 30min, and the mixed powder is put into a drying box and dried for 2h at 80 ℃.
Wherein, the gas atomization Ti6-Al4-V titanium alloy powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 5.84% of Al, 4.15% of V, 0.18% of Fe, 0.16% of O, 0.02% of C, 0.02% of N, 0.002% of H and the balance of Ti.
And a second step of: and establishing a three-dimensional data model of the additive manufactured part and determining layering section information. Three-dimensional model software was used to design 30mm by 30mm cube samples and layered with each layer having a thickness of 0.1mm. Each layer is divided into three areas, and the dividing principle of the three areas is as follows: and (3) trisecting the forming area, and ensuring that the scanning paths of the laser in three areas are equal in any one-way linear scanning process. The specific partitioning method is shown in fig. 2, and is numbered as a region 1, a region 2 and a region 3 in sequence from left to right. The scanning interval of the electron beam is set to be 0.2mm, the scanning speed is 80mm/s, and the scanning path adopts Z-shaped scanning.
And a third step of: a multi-beam electron beam profile is planned as shown in fig. 2. Four electron beams are generated through high-frequency current in the deflection coil and are respectively numbered as I, II, III and IV, wherein the electron beam I is used for scanning and heating, the electron beams II, III and IV are used for synchronous preheating, and the four electron beams are focused into light spots with the diameter phi of 0.3 on a scanning plane. The center points of the light spots of the electron beams II, III and IV are positioned on the vertexes of an equilateral triangle with the side length of 1mm, the center points of the light spots of the electron beams I and II and the center of gravity of the equilateral triangle are collinear with the scanning direction, and the electron beams II, III and IV are positioned at the front end of the scanning direction; the distance between the center point of the light spot of the electron beam I and the center of gravity of the equilateral triangle is constantly 3mm.
Fourth step: the power and distribution of multiple electron beams in the additive manufacturing process are determined. In the scanning areas 1, 2 and 3 of the electron beam I, the power of the electron beam generator is adjusted to be 600w, 780w and 690w respectively, the current in the deflection coil is changed according to the graph 3, and the preheating power of the electron beams II, III and IV is kept to be basically unchanged at 20w by adjusting the current duty ratio. The power distribution of the electron beam is achieved by adjusting the duty cycle D of the deflection current, wherein:
D1＝0.9-0.95，D2＝D3＝D4＝(1-D1)/3。
the specific conditions of the duty ratio and the distribution power of each beam current under different powers are shown in the following table:
| duty cycle/distributed power | Electron beam I | Electron beam II | Electron beam III | Electron beam IV |
| 600w | 0.900/540w | 0.033/20w | 0.033/20w | 0.033/20w |
| 780w | 0.913/630w | 0.029/20w | 0.029/20w | 0.029/20w |
| 690w | 0.923/720w | 0.026/20w | 0.026/20w | 0.026/20w |
Fifth step: preparing multi-beam electron beam selective melting material adding equipment, setting a preheating program to prepare the preheating of a substrate and the environment, wherein the preheating parameters are as follows: the single-beam electron beam scanning is adopted, the spot diameter phi of the electron beam is 3mm, the scanning speed is 10m/S, the beam current is 20mA, the scanning path is scanned according to an S shape, the scanning interval phi is 2mm, the whole substrate is covered, and the preheating time is 6min.
Sixth step: and (3) putting the mixed powder into a powder feeder, introducing layering section information, electron beam morphology and power distribution information into an additive system, and setting a powder feeding and paving program. The powder feeding and spreading process comprises the following steps: the powder feeding amount is 200mm each time 3 The thickness of the powder is 0.2mm.
Seventh step: setting electron beam, vertical lifting table at original position, and vacuum chamber is pumped to 1.0X10 -2 -5.0×10 -2 Vacuum state of Pa. Pre-heating of a run-first environmentA program; and then high-frequency alternating current is fed into the deflection coil according to the set current information, the frequency of the high-frequency alternating current is controlled to be about 35kHz, and the focusing coil is adjusted to enable the diameter of a light spot to be phi 0.3mm for the material adding process. An additive process is initiated and additive manufacturing begins. The powder feeding mechanism and the powder spreading mechanism firstly spread a layer of powder with the thickness of 0.2mm on the substrate, and then scan and form the powder according to the layering section information and a set scanning path; after one layer of scanning is finished, the substrate moves downwards by 0.2mm, and the whole part is finally formed by circulating and overlapping the substrate layer by layer.
Eighth step: after the additive manufacturing process is finished, the part is fully cooled, then vacuum is discharged, the part is taken out, redundant powder is removed, the part is taken down from the substrate, the microscopic morphology of the part is observed, the forming condition of the part is judged, and the part is subjected to mechanical test. The additive component has no obvious defects such as cracks, holes and the like under an optical microscope; the yield strengths of the regions 1, 2 and 3 are 1072MPa, 1211MPa and 1338MPa respectively, and the strengths are gradually increased.
Claims (10)
1. A gradient transition titanium alloy multi-beam electron beam in-situ reaction material adding method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, the aerosolized spherical Ti6-Al4-V titanium alloy powder, ti powder and B 4 The powder C is fully mixed and used as a raw material for melting the additive in a selected area;
step 2, a three-dimensional model of a part to be processed is established, layering slicing treatment is carried out on the three-dimensional model, layering thickness is 0.2mm, the same cross section is divided into three areas from left to right, the three areas are used for additive with different heat inputs, and a scanning path of the additive is planned;
step 3, loading the mixed powder in the step 1 into a powder feeding device, and pumping the forming chamber to 1.0X10 -2 -5.0×10 -2 Pa, preheating the substrate and the environment by using an electron beam, wherein the preheating parameters are as follows: the scanning speed of the electron beam is 10m/s, the beam current is 20mA, and the preheating time is 6min;
step 4, setting distribution form and power distribution of a plurality of electron beams: four electron beams are generated through high-frequency current in the deflection coil and are respectively numbered as I, II, III and IV, wherein the electron beam I is used for scanning and heating, and the electron beams II, III and IV are used for synchronous preheating; adjusting the power and distribution condition of the electron beam generator to ensure that the distributed power of the electron beam I is different and the power of the electron beams II, III and IV is unchanged when different areas in the step 2 are scanned;
step 5, spreading a layer of powder with the thickness of 0.2mm on the substrate through the powder feeding mechanism and the powder spreading mechanism, and scanning according to a set scanning path; the scanning interval of the electron beam is 0.2mm, the scanning speed is 0.072-0.085m/s, and after one layer of scanning is finished, the substrate moves downwards by a distance of 0.2 mm;
and 6, repeating the operation of the step 5 until the whole part is formed.
2. The gradient transition titanium alloy multi-beam electron beam in-situ reaction additive method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the particle size of the gas atomized spherical Ti6-Al4-V titanium alloy powder is 50-70 μm, the particle size of the Ti powder is 50 μm, B 4 The granularity of the powder C is 60-120 mu m.
3. The gradient transition titanium alloy multi-beam electron beam in-situ reaction additive method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, spherical Ti6-Al4-V titanium alloy powder, ti powder, and B are aerosolized 4 Powder C in mass ratio 357.6:7.68:2.24, molar ratio 8:1.6:0.4, mixing, and mechanically mixing powder by adopting a ball mill; wherein the Ti6-Al4-V titanium alloy powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 5.84% of Al, 4.15% of V, 0.18% of Fe, 0.16% of O, 0.02% of C, 0.02% of N, 0.002% of H and the balance of Ti.
4. The gradient transition titanium alloy multi-beam electron beam in-situ reaction additive method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the dividing principle of three regions is: and (3) trisecting the forming area, and ensuring that the scanning paths of the laser in three areas are equal in any one-way linear scanning process.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2, the electron beam has a zigzag scanning path.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the current in the focusing coil is controlled to adjust the diameter of the light spot to be Φ3mm, and the scanning path is scanned in an S-shape to cover the whole substrate.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 4, the distribution of four electron beams is as follows: focusing the scanning plane into light spots with diameters phi of 0.3-phi of 0.4mm, wherein the light spot center points of the electron beams II, III and IV are positioned on the vertexes of an equilateral triangle with the side length of 1mm, the light spot center points of the electron beams I and II and the center of gravity of the equilateral triangle are collinear with the scanning direction, and the electron beams II, III and IV are positioned at the front end of the scanning direction; the distance between the center point of the light spot of the electron beam I and the center of gravity of the equilateral triangle is constantly 3mm.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 4, the electron beam generator has power ranges of 560-620w, 750-820w, 680-720w when scanning the regions i, ii, iii.
9. The gradient transition titanium alloy multi-beam electron beam in-situ reaction additive method according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the power distribution of the electron beam is achieved by adjusting the duty cycle D of the deflection current, wherein:
D1＝0.9-0.95，D2＝D3＝D4＝(1-D1)/3。
10. the method of claim 1, wherein in step 4, the current in the deflection yoke is at a frequency of 30 kHz to 40kHz.
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| CN106825567A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-06-13 | 清华大学 | The electron beam selective melting increasing material manufacturing equipment compound with electron beam cutting |
| CN114850494A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-08-05 | 南京联空智能增材研究院有限公司 | Multi-beam electron beam additive manufacturing method for high-entropy alloy foam structure |
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| CN106825567A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-06-13 | 清华大学 | The electron beam selective melting increasing material manufacturing equipment compound with electron beam cutting |
| CN114850494A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-08-05 | 南京联空智能增材研究院有限公司 | Multi-beam electron beam additive manufacturing method for high-entropy alloy foam structure |
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