CN115498668A - Optimization method of comprehensive energy system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optimization method of a comprehensive energy system, which comprises the following steps: determining an integrated energy system; setting a flexible resource scheduling objective for the integrated energy system; providing a plurality of scheduling schemes according to the flexible resource scheduling target; constructing a comprehensive energy system flexibility resource index system and a comprehensive evaluation model for resource evaluation of the flexibility resource of the comprehensive energy system; based on the flexible resource index system, carrying out scheme evaluation on different scheduling schemes by using the comprehensive evaluation model to obtain evaluation grades of each scheduling scheme; and selecting an optimal scheme to apply to the comprehensive energy system according to the evaluation level of the comprehensive evaluation model to the scheduling scheme. Compared with the prior art, the method provides guidance for energy utilization, flexibility optimization planning, flexibility resource scheduling and the like of the comprehensive energy system, and can improve the energy utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of flexible resources, in particular to an optimization method of an integrated energy system.
Background
A single energy system is not enough to support safe and efficient operation of the system, and national policy resources are inclined to flexible construction from 2015 to achieve a double-carbon target around the development of energy internet. Thus, flexible resource studies are proposed. In this context, energy-integrated systems have come into force.
A college city is an area having a certain number of college districts including schools and peripheral corollary living areas, and having a certain range and scale. The college city is a special energy utilization area, is dense in school personnel, has various activity forms, and has large and diversified energy demand. For example, a campus laboratory needs continuous power supply, a large-scale literature evening or international conference needs continuous cooling and power supply, and a canteen refrigerator needs cooling at a lower temperature. The specificity of the university city performance relates to a plurality of factors, and the occurrence of new problems increases the uncertainty factor of the system and puts higher requirements on the flexible adjustment performance of the system.
Meanwhile, the country advocates the construction of colleges and universities with green sustainable development, and many colleges and universities increase clean energy supply systems such as photovoltaic boilers and gas boilers, so that the situation that multiple energy supplies, the share of renewable energy sources is increased and the energy demand is continuously diversified is presented in the college area. As such, the number of controllable resources (also referred to as flexible resources) in college cities is increasing to meet diversified energy needs and to achieve high share of renewable energy consumption while ensuring safe and reliable energy supply. Based on the high-quality development prospect result of the energy system in China, the method is particularly important for evaluating the flexibility resources of various regions and aspects. The evaluation of flexibility of the electric power system at home and abroad is mature, and as the comprehensive energy system of the university city relates to four sides of 'source network charge storage', the work of combing the flexibility resources of each side is heavy, most researchers only analyze and research the flexibility resources of one side, and therefore, the establishment of the flexibility evaluation index of the comprehensive energy system is urgently needed.
The university city is a special energy utilization area, the energy utilization characteristics of the university city are multiple, the energy utilization quality is strict, and the requirement on energy flexibility is high. For the evaluation research of the comprehensive energy system in the university city, the processes of various energy supply, conversion, transmission and distribution, storage, energy utilization and the like also need to be comprehensively considered. The comprehensive evaluation model of the flexible resources is constructed, and the characteristics of the comprehensive energy system and the special properties of the flexible resources, such as fast response, easy calling and the like, are combined, so that a comprehensive evaluation index system is established from multiple angles and multiple levels, and the value evaluation and optimization guidance of the resources are facilitated.
In the aspect of the current flexibility resource research, although research has been carried out, most patents focus on power systems, the research on the flexibility resources of the comprehensive energy system is less involved, an index system capable of accurately reflecting the flexibility evaluation condition of the comprehensive energy system is lacked, and guidance cannot be given to actual conditions in practice.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a method for optimizing an integrated energy system.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
an optimization method of an integrated energy system comprises the following steps:
determining an integrated energy system;
setting a flexible resource scheduling objective for the integrated energy system;
providing a plurality of scheduling schemes according to the flexible resource scheduling target;
constructing a comprehensive energy system flexibility resource index system and a comprehensive evaluation model for resource evaluation of the flexibility resource of the comprehensive energy system;
based on the flexible resource index system, carrying out scheme evaluation on different scheduling schemes by using the comprehensive evaluation model to obtain evaluation grades of each scheduling scheme;
and selecting an optimal scheme to apply to the comprehensive energy system according to the evaluation level of the comprehensive evaluation model to the scheduling scheme.
The construction of the flexible resource index system comprises the following steps:
collecting and analyzing indexes related to the flexibility resources of the comprehensive energy system;
respectively selecting and determining a common index and a characteristic index from the indexes;
preliminarily establishing a flexible resource index system framework;
optimizing the index system framework through expert experience to obtain an optimized index system;
if the optimization index system meets the preset requirements, further determining the characteristic indexes of the optimization index system on the source side, the network side, the load side and the storage side of the comprehensive energy system, and completing the construction of the flexible resource index system of the comprehensive energy system.
Further, the common indexes comprise a safety index, an economic index, a translation index and an environmental protection index;
the safety indexes comprise equipment reliability, equipment availability and resource margin;
the economic indexes comprise initial investment cost, operation cost and comprehensive benefits;
the translational indexes comprise natural resource constraint degree, social resource constraint degree and self-limiting degree;
the environmental protection indexes comprise total carbon emission and primary energy consumption rate;
wherein the formula of the primary energy consumption rate is expressed as
In the formula eta energy1 Representing the energy consumption of the equipment, and the unit is MJ; eta energy2 Representing the primary energy consumption of the equipment, in MJ.
Further, characteristic indexes of the source side comprise start-stop time, minimum stable output, adjustable amplitude, climbing rate, sustainable time and standby capacity;
wherein the minimum stationary contribution is expressed as:
the adjustable amplitude comprises an upward adjustable amplitude and a downward adjustable amplitude, and the expressions are respectively as follows:
upward adjustable amplitude = equipment total assembly capacity-real-time output value
Downward adjustable amplitude = real time output value-minimum stable output value
The expression of the climbing rate is as follows:
further, the characteristic indexes of the network side comprise a transmission capacity margin, a regulation response time and a network side regulation speed;
wherein the expression of the delivery capacity margin is:
further, the indexes of the load side include a net load fluctuation rate, a net load adjustable and controllable quantity, a load side adjustable and controllable speed, an electric vehicle adjustable and controllable time period and an electric vehicle adjustable and controllable capacity;
wherein the expression of the net load fluctuation rate is:
in the formula, λ net is net load fluctuation rate; p (t) is the payload at the present moment; p (t-1) is the payload at the previous moment;
the expression of the load adjustable and controllable quantity is as follows:
the adjustable and controllable capacity of the electric automobile comprises an expression during charging and an expression during discharging, and the expressions are respectively as follows:
during charging, the adjustable capacity of the electric automobile = user set electric quantity upper limit-residual electric quantity
During discharging, the adjustable capacity = residual capacity-user set lower limit of electric quantity of the electric vehicle.
Further, the characteristic indexes of the storage side comprise storage and discharge efficiency, adjustable capacity, energy storage response time, maximum continuous discharge time, power compensation capacity, energy/power throughput capacity and maximum output power;
wherein, the storage efficiency comprises energy storage efficiency and discharge efficiency, and the expressions are respectively:
the expression of the adjustable capacity is as follows:
adjustable capacity = energy storage equipment total capacity-real time output value
The expression of the maximum sustained discharge time is:
maximum sustained discharge time = battery capacity × discharge capacity times/load current.
Further, the comprehensive evaluation model comprises a hierarchical analysis unit and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation unit.
Further, the level analysis unit determines index weights of a flexible resource index system of the comprehensive energy system based on a level analysis method and an entropy method, wherein the index weights comprise subjective weights and objective weights; and adding the index weights to obtain a combined weight, and correcting the combined weight by a variable weight method to obtain a variable weight index weight.
Further, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation unit comprehensively evaluates the variable weight index weight based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, determines a comment set to obtain quantitative and qualitative index membership, and finally calculates by using SPSSAU software to obtain an evaluation grade.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention is based on the comprehensive energy system, expands the flexible resource index system from the electric power system to the comprehensive energy system, constructs the flexible resource index system of four sides of the source network charge storage of the comprehensive energy system, can accurately reflect the flexible resource condition of the comprehensive energy system, and can guide the resource scheduling of the comprehensive energy system according to the actual condition in practice.
(2) The method constructs an evaluation index system of the comprehensive energy system flexibility resources, and comprises common indexes and characteristic indexes, wherein the common indexes are expanded from five aspects of flexibility, economy, safety, environmental protection and translation, the characteristic indexes consider the flexibility indexes related to each side of the source network load storage of the comprehensive energy system, and the index coverage range is comprehensive, so that the evaluation accuracy of the comprehensive energy system flexibility resources is higher.
(3) The comprehensive evaluation model constructed by the invention combines various evaluation methods, firstly adopts the combination of an analytic hierarchy process and an entropy method to determine the index weight, and adds the index weights to obtain a combined weight, and takes the dynamic property of the comprehensive energy system into consideration, indexes related to the evaluation of flexible resources change along with the change of the system, so the combined weight is corrected by a variable weight method to obtain the variable weight index weight; and comprehensively evaluating the weight of the variable weight index by adopting a fuzzy evaluation method, and calculating by utilizing SPSSAU software to obtain an evaluation grade. The comprehensive evaluation model considers the economic reliability and safe operation of the comprehensive energy system, provides guidance for energy cascade utilization, flexibility optimization planning, flexibility resource scheduling and flexibility optimization operation of the comprehensive energy system, can realize the consumption of high-proportion renewable energy, enhances the interaction of the supply and demand ends of the system, and improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart for constructing a flexible resource indicator system for an integrated energy system;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a commonality index;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a characteristic index;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the integrated assessment model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of load change in a demand response scenario;
FIG. 6 is a radar chart of index weights of a gas internal combustion engine and a diesel engine;
FIG. 7 is a radar chart of index weights of a heat pump, a gas boiler and an electric boiler;
FIG. 8 is a radar chart of grid and grid index weights;
FIG. 9 is a radar chart of water energy storage and energy storage power station index weights;
fig. 10 is a plan one to plan ten longitudinal comparison radar chart;
FIG. 11 is a comparison radar chart of case one to case three;
FIG. 12 is a scheme four to a scheme eight comparison radar chart;
FIG. 13 is a plan one through plan eight lateral comparison radar chart;
FIG. 14 shows the weights and composite evaluation scores for each scenario.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for optimizing an integrated energy system includes the following steps:
1. determining an integrated energy system;
2. setting a flexible resource scheduling target for the comprehensive energy system;
3. providing a plurality of scheduling schemes according to the flexible resource scheduling target;
4. constructing a comprehensive energy system flexibility resource index system and a comprehensive evaluation model for resource evaluation of the flexibility resource of the comprehensive energy system;
5. based on a flexible resource index system, carrying out scheme evaluation on different scheduling schemes by using a comprehensive evaluation model to obtain evaluation grades of each scheduling scheme;
6. and selecting an optimal scheme to apply to the comprehensive energy system according to the evaluation level of the comprehensive evaluation model to the scheduling scheme.
The construction of the flexible resource index system comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting and analyzing indexes related to flexible resources of the comprehensive energy system;
s2, respectively selecting and determining a common index and a characteristic index from the indexes;
s3, initially establishing a flexible resource index system framework;
s4, optimizing the index system framework through expert experience to obtain an optimized index system;
s5, if the optimized index system meets the preset requirements, further determining characteristic indexes of the optimized index system on the source side, the network side, the load side and the storage side of the comprehensive energy system, and completing construction of the flexible resource index system of the comprehensive energy system; and if the optimized index system does not meet the preset requirement, revising the index system again, and executing the step S4 and the step S5 again.
The preset requirements for the index system are obtained by expert experience, and practitioners in the art can also perform the preset according to specific requirements.
In this embodiment, a college city integrated energy system is selected as a research object.
Specifically, the source, grid, load and storage respectively refer to a power supply, a power grid, a load and an energy storage, and the source grid and the load and the energy storage are integrated into an operation mode which is well known in the field.
As shown in fig. 2, the index determination is specifically as follows:
1. the general index is as follows: the common indexes comprise a safety index, an economic index, a translation index and an environmental protection index.
(1) Safety index
(1) Equipment reliability: in the embodiment, the reliability of the comprehensive energy system of the university city is quantitatively evaluated by adopting the equipment reliability index, and the equipment reliability performance plays a crucial role in equipment operation and system planning. The equipment reliability comprises two aspects of power supply safety and heat supply safety, according to an industrial standard, the power supply safety refers to the capability of ensuring the normal power supply of all loads, no overload phenomenon occurs on all components, and the transformer is allowed to have the overload phenomenon in a short time only under the serious condition; the heating safety is the parameters related to heating, such as: the mass flow rate of the heat medium, the pressure of the pipeline and the like are checked one by one to determine whether safe and stable energy supply can be carried out under the existing working condition.
(2) Device availability: the availability of the equipment refers to the probability that the equipment in the university city of energy supply can work normally at any time during operation, and is generally measured by the failure time of the equipment.
(3) Resource margin: the resource demand of the generated energy at each side of the 'source network load storage' in the comprehensive energy system has a certain margin value, and the safety of the system can be ensured only when the equipment runs under the condition of having the safety margin.
(2) Index of economic efficiency
The economic value evaluation of the flexible resources takes the cost efficiency, cost distribution, investment recovery, policy strive and other factors into consideration.
(1) Initial investment cost: the initial investment cost, also called the flat fee, is the total input during production or improvement, at the initial stage, and does not vary with the amount of product used or produced.
(2) The operation cost is as follows: the operation cost comprises a variable cost and a variable cost, wherein the variable cost is the input generated by the change of the production process or the production quantity in the production or improvement process; variable costs refer to the cost incurred by the demand and demand of each resource during operation.
(3) Comprehensive benefits are as follows: the overall profit refers to an economic benefit obtained by transferring an exchanged object as an object in social production activities. The process involves many objects, and the factors to be considered are complicated.
(3) Index of translation
(1) Natural resource constraint degree: the natural resource constraint degree refers to that natural resources have certain constraint force on flexible resources, such as: hydroelectric power, tidal power, and the like.
(2) Social resource constraint degree: the less translatable the flexible resource for which a policy relaxation or policy subsidy can live.
(3) Degree of self-limitation: the degree to which a flexible resource is self-constrained determines in part the size of its translatable capabilities.
(4) Environmental protection index
(1) Total carbon emission: in order to promote the green and environment-friendly operation of the system, the total carbon emission in the operation of the system is used as the measurement standard of the energy environmental protection.
(2) Primary energy consumption rate: the primary energy consumption rate is expressed as
In the formula eta energy1 Representing the energy consumption of the equipment, and the unit is MJ; eta energy2 Representing the primary energy consumption of the equipment, in MJ.
2. Characteristic indexes are as follows: the invention provides characteristic indexes according to four parts of source network and load storage of an integrated energy system, as shown in figure 3.
(1) Source side characteristic index
The source side, namely the comprehensive energy supply side of the university city, has the flexibility mainly reflected in the improvement of energy supply efficiency and the flexibility of capacity, so that the energy network can realize effective flexibility by adjusting the performance and the capacity of the energy network. In an integrated energy system, the flexibility between supply and demand causes the failure of the energy system, and this research needs to analyze the source of the flexible resources to ensure the flexibility thereof.
(1) Start-stop time: the start-stop time represents the time required for starting or stopping the energy supply equipment in the normal state of the system and the unit. The set-up start-up time is an index that reflects the flexibility provided by the rapid start-up of the device, where the time scale includes minute and hour scales.
(2) Minimum steady output: the minimum output force refers to the minimum stable energy supply capacity for safe operation of the energy supply device under the condition of meeting normal operation, namely the adjustment space provided by the energy supply device. The minimum stable output is set to reflect the index of the adjustment space that the energy supply device can provide.
The minimum stabilizing force is expressed as:
(3) adjustable amplitude: the adjustable amplitude is also called adjustable output, and refers to the power output value of the power supply unit which can be adjusted upwards or downwards. The method is an important index for measuring the energy supply capacity of the equipment, and plays an important role in timely scheduling the output of the energy supply equipment and maintaining the stable operation of a system.
The adjustable amplitude comprises an upward adjustable amplitude and a downward adjustable amplitude, and the expressions are respectively as follows:
upward adjustable amplitude = equipment total capacity-real time output value
Downward adjustable amplitude = real time output value-minimum stable output
The total installation capacity of the device is also referred to as the maximum throughput value.
(4) Climbing speed: the climbing rate of the equipment is also called adjustable speed, which refers to the load ascending and descending capacity of the equipment resource, and the set climbing rate is an index reflecting the flexible adjustment and quick response of the flexible adjustment source side.
The expression of the ramp rate is:
(5) the sustainable time: the time that the unit can maintain the response level and can provide flexibility is indicated, and the set sustainable time is an index for reflecting the time on the source side of flexible adjustment. The crew is influenced by the operating strategy itself on the one hand and by the service bid capacity on the other hand, the time scale of which includes minutes and hours.
(6) Spare capacity: spare capacity refers to the unused share of available capacity that exceeds a predictable demand peak, and is a common indicator of equipment availability. If the system is to be made more flexible, the backup factor of the system can be considered, but this is uneconomical and impractical.
(2) Index of net side characteristics
The network side is the comprehensive energy transmission side of a university city, and the flexibility of the network side is mainly embodied in flexible adaptation to a transmission channel and allows different types of energy generation and transmission; and secondly, the flexibility of the system is optimized through flexible energy conversion, and the system has spatial attributes, namely the flexibility is limited by the distribution and the conveying capacity of resources. However, the network not only serves as a transmission channel of energy, but also provides a basis for flexible configuration of resources. The power grid is built by adopting advanced power grid operation management, power grid transformation, new power grid construction and other modes, the transmission capability of the power transmission line can be improved, the constraint of the power grid is reduced, and the existing resources can be fully utilized to track the load. In addition, the range of regional balance is expanded and the flexibility of the system is increased through the interconnection of energy systems.
(1) Conveying capacity margin: the transport capacity is the ratio of the difference between the maximum capacity that the transport line normally allows to transport and the actual transport capacity. The index for setting the margin of the transmission capacity is an index for reflecting the adjustable flexibility of the energy transmission line.
The expression for the delivery capacity margin is:
(2) regulating and controlling response time: when the flexibility is adjusted, the energy network receives a demand command or information until the time of response. The fluids of different media in the network have different flow characteristics, for example, a heat supply network mainly comprises a cold water pipe network, a hot water pipe network and a steam pipe network, and the response to the load fluctuation has hysteresis, so that the heat inertia is generated, and the response time is longer. The time scale of which includes seconds, minutes and hours.
(3) The adjustable range is as follows: the adjustable range of the network side flexibility resource reflects the space adjustment and control margin of the actual response demand, and the larger the adjustable range is, the higher the flexibility is, the smaller the adjustable range is, and the lower the flexibility is.
(4) The adjustable speed of the network side is as follows: the adjustable speed of the network side flexible resources can measure the response speed of the flexible resources, the larger the adjustable speed is, the higher the flexibility is, the smaller the adjustable speed is, and the lower the flexibility is.
(3) Characteristic index of load side
The load distribution of the university city complex energy is mainly flexible by means of controllable demand response and new loads, such as electric vehicles, which flexibly regulate the demand on the energy network over a period of time and over a wide range. The load side flexibility index is mainly used for evaluating the flexibility of the load side type energy storage resources and different types of loads.
(1) Net load fluctuation ratio: also known as renewable energy consumption, this index reflects the rate of fluctuation of the electrical, cold or thermal payload per unit time. The net load refers to the irreversible load force generated by considering the renewable energy power generation, the net load of the system is generally regarded as a special load, and the traditional load and the net load are different from each other. The time scale of which includes hours and days.
Wherein, the expression of the net load fluctuation rate is as follows:
in the formula, λ net is net load fluctuation rate; p (t) is the payload at the present moment; p (t-1) is the payload at the previous moment;
(2) load adjustable and controllable quantity: the part capable of participating in the demand response is the maximum range in which the load side monitors the running condition of each energy consumption unit and can manage and schedule each unit in time when a fault occurs or the demand response is responded. The range of the adjustable flexibility of the load side is reflected by the adjustable load amplitude, and scheduling can be carried out on the basis of demand response.
The expression of the load adjustable and controllable quantity is as follows:
(3) the adjustable speed of the load side: the load side adjustable speed means that the data received from the load side feedback is combined with the actual parameters, taking into account the propagation speed of all production work modes and shipping control instructions. The time scale includes minute and second.
(4) The electric automobile can schedule the time period: and the time of the power supply network scheduling when the electric automobile is set to be connected in and out is represented. The timescale is on the order of hours.
(5) The schedulable capacity of the electric automobile: the capacity of the power supply network scheduling when the electric automobile is connected to the power grid is represented, and the capacity comprises an expression in charging and an expression in discharging, and the capacities are respectively as follows:
during charging, the adjustable capacity of the electric automobile = user set electric quantity upper limit-residual electric quantity
During discharging, the adjustable capacity = residual capacity-user set lower limit of electric quantity of the electric vehicle.
(4) Storage side characteristic index
The energy storage device is an important functional unit in a power grid of a college city, can perform peak shaving and frequency modulation in the power grid, and can reduce negative effects on the power grid caused by a large amount of renewable energy. At present, the relatively mature energy storage devices comprise pumped storage, compressed air storage, storage batteries and the like. Due to the difference of energy storage technologies, the characteristics of the output power determine the applicable range. On the basis of providing flexibility, energy storage can improve the time conversion between power supply and demand, and therefore can improve the flexibility of grid operation.
(1) Storage efficiency: the storage efficiency includes energy storage efficiency and discharge efficiency, and the energy storage efficiency refers to the ratio of the electric quantity stored by the energy storage element to the input energy. The design of the cell itself, the energy efficiency of the cell, and some external factors may affect its storage efficiency.
The expressions of energy storage efficiency and discharge efficiency are respectively:
(2) adjustable capacity: the adjustable capacity is also called adjustable output force, which means the energy storage output value of the energy storage unit, and is usually limited by factors such as cost, space and overall capacity.
The expression for the adjustable capacity is:
adjustable capacity = equipment total capacity-real time output value
The total installation capacity of the device is also referred to as the maximum throughput value.
(3) Energy storage response time: refers to the time from when the energy storage device receives the system command to when the device starts to charge or discharge. The time scale includes millisecond, second and minute.
(4) Maximum sustained discharge time: representing the maximum time that the energy storage device can continue to discharge the energy usage system. The time scale includes the second, minute and hour scale.
The expression for maximum sustained discharge time is:
maximum sustained discharge time = battery capacity × discharge capacity multiple/load current.
(5) Power compensation capability: in order to keep the system voltage and frequency stable, the energy storage needs a power compensation capability with millisecond response speed and certain capacity. The time scale includes millisecond and second.
(6) Energy/power throughput capability: which represents the capacity of the energy storage device to enable energy storage and release, i.e., the capacity of the energy storage device to store and release energy over a period of time. The energy storage/power throughput capability is mainly determined by several factors including self-supply time, maximum storage limit, maximum depth of discharge, revision and redundancy design, and response speed.
(7) The maximum power can be output: which represents the maximum power that the energy storage device can output when discharged, the output power of the battery is determined primarily by the discharge current, since the power and voltage are rated.
As shown in fig. 4, a comprehensive evaluation model for flexible resources of an integrated energy system includes a hierarchical analysis unit and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation unit.
The hierarchical analysis unit determines index weights of a flexible resource index system of the university city comprehensive energy system based on an analytic hierarchy process and an entropy method, wherein the index weights comprise subjective weights and objective weights; by constructing a judgment matrix and carrying out consistency test, subjective weight can be obtained; objective weights can be obtained by obtaining objective presence information and calculating its entropy value.
And adding the subjective weight and the objective weight to obtain a combined weight, and correcting the combined weight by a variable weight method to obtain a variable weight index weight.
The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation unit comprehensively evaluates the variable weight index weight based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, determines a comment set, obtains quantitative and qualitative index membership degree, and finally calculates by using SPSSAU software to obtain an evaluation grade.
The implementation process and steps of this embodiment are as follows:
1. description of a demand response scenario: the demand response scenario is a public place within a college city of Shanghai. The Shanghai is the south, and the heating is mostly carried out by an air conditioner. In late autumn, the meteorological centre issues information, and extreme weather and sudden air temperature drop are expected to occur before noon today. On holidays, more people go out, more people gather in public places such as shopping malls, and the energy consumption of each place is increased.
Due to the sudden drop in temperature, the demand for heat supply in public places increases, and the output of the heat load needs to be increased, so that the following conditions that the heat load is increased from 12. Considering the pressure of a power grid in an emergency situation and the requirements of a green energy building on low carbon and simple energy, although the air temperature suddenly drops, on one hand, the power supply load is increased as much as possible in a period from 12 to 18 percent. A specific demand load change diagram is shown in fig. 5.
2. Flexible resource scheduling objective: in order to deal with the situation of sudden temperature drop in extreme weather, resources are called to meet the change of demand response, and a flexible resource scheduling target is set:
1) Considering the pressure of a power grid under an emergency condition and the requirements of green energy buildings of low carbon and simple energy, the power supply load in a period of time is increased as much as possible, and the power load in the rest periods of time is kept to maintain the original stable curve;
2) In order to make the influence of weather change on the indoor environment less, the heat supply load needs to be increased, so that the energy utilization requirements of public places such as shopping malls and the like are met.
For the city-level comprehensive energy system or energy station, in order to keep the electrical load curve stable but increase the output of the thermal load, a gas triple co-generation distributed energy system or a diesel generator, which are common devices in the comprehensive energy system, is selected in this embodiment. Under the working condition of heat supply or cold supply, the heat pump, the electric boiler, the conventional water chilling unit and the energy storage system jointly heat or refrigerate, and the effect of adjusting the load is achieved. In a conventional heating system, energy storage equipment stabilizes end load and ensures stable operation of distributed energy, wherein an electric boiler is common equipment, a double-source heat pump is less used, and the electric boiler and the double-source heat pump have the same function.
According to the set demand response scenario and the flexible resource scheduling target in the scenario, different scheduling schemes are set on the basis of flexible resource supply in the embodiment. The details are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1 plan type design
Wherein the water and energy storage power station can provide electrical and cold/heat loads.
3. Flexible resource index system and comprehensive evaluation model applying university city comprehensive energy system
Step (1): the aspects of subjectivity, objectivity, dynamic change of an index system along with a comprehensive energy system and the like are considered. The research on the evaluation of the flexible resources in a certain specific scene is the evaluation performed on a certain resource, and the dynamic change of the system is not considered, so that the determination of the index weight in the embodiment does not use a variable weight correction function any more, and there are many factors to be considered in the actual selection, such as resource margin, network cable transmission and the like.
Step (2): and for the establishment of the comprehensive energy system flexibility resource evaluation index system, inviting experts in the fields of electricity, heating ventilation, heat energy, refrigeration, machinery and the like to carry out questionnaire survey, carrying out hierarchical analysis on the comprehensive energy system flexibility resource index weight by using yaahp software, and carrying out evaluation from two aspects of resource evaluation and scheme evaluation.
Wherein the resource evaluation result is as follows:
1) Gas internal combustion engine and diesel generator comparison
(1) Index weight determination
TABLE 2 index weights of gas internal combustion engine and diesel generator
Wherein "1" represents a gas internal combustion engine and "2" represents a diesel generator.
The first-level weights of the evaluation indexes of the gas internal combustion engine and the diesel generator are analyzed, as shown in fig. 6, it can be seen that the flexibility is better than that of the diesel generator than that of the gas internal combustion engine, and the gas internal combustion engine has poor translation performance, namely, larger limitation degree, but the economy and environmental performance are better than those of the diesel generator in consideration of other performances. The diesel generator has high safety, but has poor environmental protection.
(2) Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
According to the quantitative and qualitative index evaluation standard, multi-level fuzzy evaluation is carried out, in the embodiment, the flexibility evaluation grade is set to be five types of flexibility, large flexibility, general flexibility, small flexibility and small flexibility, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is carried out. The method comprises the following specific steps:
under the condition of meeting certain safety requirements, the weight radar graph obtained by an analytic hierarchy process is analyzed, so that the weight of the flexibility weight of the diesel generator is larger than the flexibility of the gas internal combustion engine, and the factors of energy supply conditions of an energy center, cold, heat and electricity load characteristics, unit technical performance characteristics, investment cost reduction and the like are considered, so different experts are required to score, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used, and the indexes in the flexibility criterion under an index system are analyzed. The expert evaluation questionnaire is imported into the software using the SPSSAU software.
A. Gas internal combustion engine
TABLE 3 gas internal Combustion Engine flexibility results analysis
B. Diesel generator
TABLE 4 Diesel Generator flexibility results analysis
According to specific result analysis, the diesel generator has the highest proportion under the 'very flexible' evaluation grade, and then is the 'larger flexible' evaluation grade, while the gas internal combustion engine has higher flexibility, and the gas internal combustion engine has lower proportion under the 'smaller flexible' evaluation. Thus, considering the flexibility call target, gas internal combustion engine > diesel generator. In this embodiment, the research and comparison of the flexible resource scheduling target are performed only in a specific scenario set in the selected campus, and other specific situations need to be considered in combination with practical problems, which is not discussed in this embodiment.
2) Comparison of Heat Pump and electric boiler
In the embodiment, a double-stage heat pump is adopted, so that the heating economy is better than that of a boiler. The heat pump provides stable power load of a regional energy source station, stable operation of gas power generation is guaranteed, the air source heat pump absorbs heat in air, heat is generated through compression of the compressor, energy is saved by about 4 times compared with the traditional electricity, the energy-saving air source heat pump saves energy compared with an electric boiler, the form of 'heat supply by electricity' is adopted, the utilization rate of primary energy is high, and the operation cost is high. The electric boiler is a device which directly generates heat, and the heat is directly generated without any conversion in the middle, so that only 90% of heat can be generated, but the electric boiler is convenient to install and flexible to adjust. The gas-fired boiler has the advantages of cleanness, environmental protection, flexible adjustment, easy operation and the like, but has high operating cost compared with a coal-fired unit. The weighted radar chart shown in fig. 7 is obtained by expert scoring analysis, and it can be seen that the gas boiler with the best flexibility has good economy and safety of the heat pump, and the electric boiler has poorer performance compared with the heat pump and the gas boiler, so the gas boiler and the heat pump are better selected.
3) Grid to grid comparison
The embodiment simulates an energy center mainly based on natural gas, and a power grid and a gas grid are important network transmission links in the operation process. The gas-electricity generator has the advantages of high starting and stopping speed and flexible operation, and also has full-time scale adjustment capability in principle. But is influenced by the carbon emission reduction target, the gas source supply, the gas price and the like, and the gas-electricity development space is relatively limited. Therefore, certain requirements are provided in the selection of the distributed energy supply type and the corollary equipment, and how to quickly respond to the command and supply energy becomes particularly important under the condition of meeting the design requirements.
As can be seen from fig. 8, the power grid is superior to the air grid in four aspects of flexibility, environmental protection, translation and safety, the analysis of the point accords with daily cognition, the weight in the economical aspect is that the air grid is higher than the power grid, and the conclusion is acceptable under the condition of considering errors and the subjectivity of the scores of experts. However, with the development of natural gas and the breakthrough of pipeline technology, the network transmission side gas network will also be a flexible resource with better response speed.
4) Water energy storage, energy storage power station comparison
The cold and heat storage device has bidirectionality, and when the output of the thermodynamic system is greater than the load demand of a user, the energy flows to the cold and heat storage device; when the output of the thermodynamic system is smaller than the load demand of a user or the economical efficiency is high, the energy in the cold and heat storage device flows into the thermodynamic system. The control mode of the energy storage battery connected to the power grid is basically the same as that of a photovoltaic power generation system, the energy storage battery is connected to the power grid through an inverter, and the difference is that the energy storage battery has bidirectionality and can be used as a source side to supply power to the power grid and a load side to store electric energy. When the power supply is used as a power supply, the storage battery discharges electricity to the power grid and feeds the electricity back to the power grid; when storing energy as the charge side, energy flows from the grid side to the battery.
The main type of the energy storage power station in the embodiment is a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, and as can be seen from fig. 9, the flexibility of the energy storage power station is better than that of water energy storage, and the water energy storage ratio is higher in the aspects of economy, environmental protection and safety; the lithium iron phosphate battery pack has the advantages under the condition of energy storage in consideration of translation.
And (3): the scheme evaluation is to perform homogenization processing on the flexibility, safety, economy, translation and environmental protection weights of different schemes according to the resource evaluation, and obtain a radar analysis chart as shown in fig. 10.
As can be obtained by analyzing the radar chart in fig. 10, in the first, second and third schemes, the diesel engines are devices which are commonly contained, the environmental protection performance is poor, and the flexibility degree corresponding to the third scheme is the highest; in the scheme containing the gas internal combustion engine, the schemes five, seven and eight have higher flexibility, and the third scheme has better economy compared with the seventh scheme and the eighth scheme. Therefore, a scheme three, a scheme four, a scheme five, a scheme six, a scheme seven and a scheme eight are selected for fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.
The embodiment provides a local evaluation index system of the comprehensive energy system, seven experts in the industry are invited in total, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is applied, and the flexibility degrees of different schemes are respectively scored. The set of comments for the project evaluation settings is as follows: { very flexible, large, general, small flexible }.
Specific grade scores are as follows: v = [95,85,75,65,55], evaluation is as follows:
(1) The third scheme is as follows: diesel generator, heat pump and water energy storage
According to the expert scoring data and the calculation formula, the known evaluation set V = [95,85,75,65,55 = [ 1, 85,75,65,55]]And the evaluation result is divided into the following percentage: p = VB T =69.01. The score of the scheme is about 69 points after the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used for calculation, and the evaluation result is 'less flexible'.
(2) And the scheme is as follows: gas internal combustion engine and electric boiler
The same can be said that the evaluation set V = [95,85,75,65,55 =isknown]And the evaluation result is divided into the following percentage: p = VB T =71.16. The score of the scheme is about 71 points after the calculation according to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the evaluation result is 'general flexibility'.
(2) And a fifth scheme: gas internal combustion engine and gas boiler
Similarly, the known evaluation set V = [95,85,75,65,55]]And the evaluation result is divided into the following percentage: p = VB T =81.05. The score of the scheme is about 81 points after the calculation according to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the evaluation result is 'great flexibility'.
(3) And a sixth scheme: gas internal combustion engine + heat pump
The same can be said that the evaluation set V = [95,85,75,65,55 =isknown]And the evaluation result is formed into the percentage: p = VB T =67.31. The score of the scheme is about 67 points after the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used for calculation, and the evaluation result is 'less flexible'.
(4) The seventh scheme comprises the following steps: gas internal combustion engine, heat pump and water energy storage
The same can be said that the evaluation set V = [95,85,75,65,55 =isknown]And the evaluation result is formed into the percentage: p = VB T =77.34. The score of the scheme is about 77 points after the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used for calculation, and the evaluation result is 'general flexibility'.
(5) And a eighth scheme: gas internal combustion engine, heat pump and energy storage power station
The same can be said that the evaluation set V = [95,85,75,65,55 =isknown]And the evaluation result is divided into the following percentage: p = VB T =78.42. The score of the scheme is about 78 points after the calculation according to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the evaluation result is 'general flexibility'.
The evaluation of the part is based on a demand response scene set by the embodiment, the schemes relating to the diesel generator include one, two and three, and the radar analysis chart shows that the environment friendliness is poor, so that the schemes are not preferable under the large backgrounds of low carbon, simple energy and the like. For the distributed combined supply system, the factors of the actual situation of a park, the characteristics of cooling, heating and power loads, the technical performance characteristics of units, the reduction of investment cost and the like are considered, and the gas internal combustion engine has the characteristics of short starting time, low gas supply pressure, simple system, high automation degree of operation management and the like, better meets the characteristics of load change in a demand response scene, and can better meet the target of flexible resource scheduling. The heat pump system based on renewable energy utilization has the advantages that the economy is better than that of a boiler, the heat pump utilizes renewable energy to heat, the heating efficiency is higher than that of direct heating of an electric boiler, and meanwhile pollutant emission caused by combustion of a gas boiler is avoided. The water energy storage system greatly reduces the number of equipment, enables the gas power generation and cold and heat source equipment to stably operate, and has the same initial investment as that of a conventional system. By performing radar map analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation on the index weight of the scheme, the scheme with the highest flexibility score is the scheme five in the set flexible resource scheduling scheme, but in consideration of multiple aspects of economy, environmental protection, safety and the like, the scheme seven and the scheme eight are more prominent, which cannot be realized in a single building at the same time. Meanwhile, under different demand response scenes and in different application processes, comprehensive consideration needs to be carried out according to actual environment and demands, and the optimal scheduling scheme is selected to optimize the comprehensive energy system so as to obtain better economic and social benefits.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An optimization method of an integrated energy system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining an integrated energy system;
setting a flexible resource scheduling objective for the integrated energy system;
providing a plurality of scheduling schemes according to the flexible resource scheduling target;
constructing a comprehensive energy system flexibility resource index system and a comprehensive evaluation model for resource evaluation of the flexibility resource of the comprehensive energy system;
based on the flexible resource index system, carrying out scheme evaluation on different scheduling schemes by using the comprehensive evaluation model to obtain evaluation grades of each scheduling scheme;
selecting an optimal scheme to apply to the comprehensive energy system according to the evaluation level of the comprehensive evaluation model to the scheduling scheme;
the construction of the flexible resource index system comprises the following steps:
collecting and analyzing indexes related to the flexibility resources of the comprehensive energy system;
respectively selecting and determining a common index and a characteristic index from the indexes;
preliminarily establishing a flexible resource index system framework;
optimizing the index system framework through expert experience to obtain an optimized index system;
if the optimization index system meets the preset requirements, further determining the characteristic indexes of the optimization index system on the source side, the network side, the load side and the storage side of the comprehensive energy system, and completing the construction of the flexible resource index system of the comprehensive energy system.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the general indicators include safety indicators, economic indicators, translational indicators, and environmental indicators;
the safety indexes comprise equipment reliability, equipment availability and resource margin;
the economic indexes comprise initial investment cost, operation cost and comprehensive benefits;
the translation indexes comprise natural resource constraint degree, social resource constraint degree and self-limiting degree;
the environmental protection indexes comprise total carbon emission and primary energy consumption rate;
wherein the formula of the primary energy consumption rate is expressed as
In the formula eta energy1 Representing the energy consumption of equipment; eta energy2 Indicating the primary energy consumption of the equipment.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic indicators of the source side include start-stop time, minimum steady output, adjustable amplitude, ramp rate, sustainable time, and reserve capacity;
wherein the minimum stationary contribution is expressed as:
the adjustable amplitude comprises an upward adjustable amplitude and a downward adjustable amplitude, and the expressions are respectively as follows:
upward adjustable amplitude = equipment total assembly capacity-real-time output value
Downward adjustable amplitude = real time output value-minimum stable output
The expression of the climbing rate is as follows:
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the grid-side characteristic measures include a transmission capacity margin, a regulation response time, and a grid-side regulation speed;
wherein the expression of the delivery capacity margin is:
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic indexes of the load side include net load fluctuation rate, net load adjustable and controllable amount, load side adjustable and controllable speed, electric vehicle adjustable and controllable time period, and electric vehicle adjustable and controllable capacity;
wherein the expression of the net load fluctuation rate is:
in the formula, λ net is net load fluctuation rate; p (t) is the payload at the present moment; p (t-1) is the payload at the previous moment;
the expression of the load adjustable and controllable quantity is as follows:
the adjustable and controllable capacity of the electric automobile comprises an expression during charging and an expression during discharging, and the expressions are as follows:
during charging, the adjustable capacity = user-set upper limit of electric quantity-residual electric quantity of the electric automobile
And during discharging, the adjustable capacity = residual capacity-user set lower limit of electric quantity of the electric automobile.
6. The optimization method of the integrated energy system according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic indexes of the storage side comprise storage efficiency, adjustable capacity, storage response time, maximum continuous discharge time, power compensation capability, energy/power throughput capability and maximum outputtable power;
the storage efficiency comprises energy storage efficiency and discharge efficiency, and the expressions are respectively as follows:
the expression of the adjustable capacity is as follows:
adjustable capacity = energy storage equipment total assembly capacity-real-time output value
The expression of the maximum sustained discharge time is:
maximum sustained discharge time = battery capacity × discharge capacity times/load current.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the comprehensive evaluation model comprises a hierarchical analysis unit and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation unit.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the hierarchical analysis unit determines index weights of the flexible resource indicator system of the integrated energy system based on a hierarchical analysis method and an entropy method, adds the index weights to obtain a combined weight, and modifies the combined weight by a variable weight method to obtain a variable weight index weight.
9. The method for optimizing the integrated energy system according to claim 8, wherein the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation unit performs comprehensive evaluation on the variable-weight index weight based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, determines a comment set, obtains quantitative and qualitative index membership, and finally performs calculation by using SPSSAU software to obtain an evaluation grade.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the index weights include subjective weights and objective weights.
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| CN115630584A (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-01-20 | 睿至科技集团有限公司 | Energy analysis method and system based on artificial intelligence |
| CN116502876A (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-07-28 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司宁波供电公司 | Power system resource sharing method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
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| CN115630584A (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-01-20 | 睿至科技集团有限公司 | Energy analysis method and system based on artificial intelligence |
| CN116502876A (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-07-28 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司宁波供电公司 | Power system resource sharing method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN117649097A (en) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-03-05 | 国网山东省电力公司经济技术研究院 | Regional comprehensive energy system supply and demand planning method |
| CN117649097B (en) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-04-16 | 国网山东省电力公司经济技术研究院 | Regional comprehensive energy system supply and demand planning method |
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