CN115495937B - Underground engineering anchored surrounding rock impact-resistant energy-absorbing support design method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application relates to an impact-resistant energy-absorbing support design method for an underground engineering anchored surrounding rock, and relates to the technical field of underground engineering safety. The method comprises the following steps: based on a dynamic and static coupling test system, carrying out a dynamic and static coupling mechanical test on an anchoring rock body corresponding to the underground engineering anchoring surrounding rock, determining the absorption energy density of the anchoring rock body, and combining the size parameter of the section of the tunnel or roadway and the supporting range of the surrounding rock to obtain the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock; determining an anchoring and supporting scheme meeting the on-site design requirements according to the design value of the absorption energy of the on-site anchoring surrounding rock and the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under different anchoring and supporting schemes, and selecting the optimal anchoring and supporting scheme by establishing an economic evaluation index ratio. By adopting the method and the device, the underground engineering surrounding rock supporting design can be guided, the influence of dynamic disaster action on the underground engineering is reduced, and the safety and stability of the engineering are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of underground engineering safety, in particular to an impact-resistant energy-absorbing support design method for an underground engineering anchoring surrounding rock.
Background
With the continuous development of underground engineering in China to the deep part, the underground engineering is often confronted with complex geological conditions such as high stress, extremely soft rock, fault fracture zones and the like, dynamic disasters such as rock burst, rock burst and rock burst are easy to occur in the excavation or mining process, so that surrounding rocks of a tunnel (roadway) are damaged and collapse, and the engineering safety is greatly damaged.
The anchoring support is used as a core for controlling the surrounding rock of the underground engineering, can be jointly loaded with the surrounding rock to form an anchoring rock body, and absorbs energy released by dynamic disasters in a coupling energy absorption mode. The traditional anchoring and supporting scheme is generally based on the angle of strength support, and determines the supporting strength required to be provided by an anchoring member according to the self weight of surrounding rocks in a supporting range, so as to design supporting parameters of the anchoring member. However, when the traditional anchoring and supporting method is adopted to support and design deep surrounding rocks, the coupling energy absorption characteristic of the anchoring rock mass is not considered, so that the safety and stability of underground engineering under the action of dynamic disasters cannot be fully ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to provide an impact-resistant energy-absorbing support design method for an underground engineering anchored surrounding rock.
In a first aspect, a method for designing an anti-impact energy-absorbing support of an underground engineering anchored surrounding rock is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
based on a dynamic and static coupling test system, carrying out a dynamic and static coupling mechanical test on an anchoring rock body corresponding to the underground engineering anchoring surrounding rock, determining the absorption energy density of the anchoring rock body, and combining the size parameters of the section of the tunnel or roadway and the supporting range of the surrounding rock to obtain the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock;
determining an anchoring and supporting scheme meeting the on-site design requirements according to the design value of the absorption energy of the on-site anchoring surrounding rock and the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under different anchoring and supporting schemes, and selecting the optimal anchoring and supporting scheme by establishing an economic evaluation index ratio.
As an optional embodiment, the anchoring rock mass is a regular hexahedral test piece, and is obtained by anchoring the anchoring member on an original rock test piece, and comprises a top surface, a bottom surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface;
the dynamic and static coupling test system comprises a dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem and a dynamic and static coupling test monitoring subsystem;
the dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem comprises a loading base, a first loading rod, a second loading rod, a third loading rod, a vertical loading rod, a reaction plate and an impact head; acting on a first side surface, a second side surface and a third side surface of the anchored rock body through a first loading rod, a second loading rod and a third loading rod respectively so as to apply lateral static load to the anchored rock body; acting on the top surface of the anchored rock body through the vertical loading rod to apply vertical static load to the anchored rock body; under the condition that static loading is kept unchanged, the vertical loading rod is impacted through the impact head, and impact acting force is indirectly applied to the anchored rock mass;
the dynamic and static coupling test monitoring subsystem comprises a laser velocimeter and a dynamic data acquisition instrument; the laser velocimeter is used for acquiring the impact speed and the rebound speed of the impact head when impacting the vertical loading rod; and the dynamic data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring impact displacement and impact force of the impact head in an impact process.
As an optional implementation mode, based on the dynamic and static coupling test system, carry out the dynamic and static coupling mechanical test to the anchoring rock mass that underground works anchoring country rock corresponds, confirm the absorbed energy density of anchoring rock mass, include:
applying a static load to the original rock test piece through the first loading rod, the second loading rod, the third loading rod and the vertical loading rod, wherein the static load is determined by initial ground stress parameters of the surrounding rock; after the static load is stable, unloading the load of the second loading rod to zero, and laterally anchoring the original rock test piece on the second side surface by adopting an anchoring member to form an anchored rock body; under the condition that static loading is kept unchanged, applying impact acting force to the vertical loading rod through the impact head until the anchoring component is failed and broken;
recording the impact times required by failure and breakage of the anchoring component in the dynamic and static coupling mechanical test process;
acquiring first test data in each impact process through a laser velocimeter, and determining a first absorption energy density test value of an anchored rock mass by combining the mass of an impact head, the impact times and the volume of the anchored rock mass; acquiring second test data in each impact process through a dynamic data acquisition instrument, and determining a second absorbed energy density test value of the anchoring rock mass by combining the impact times and the volume of the anchoring rock mass;
and determining the minimum value of the first absorption energy density test value and the second absorption energy density test value as the absorption energy density of the anchored rock mass.
As an alternative embodiment, the first test data includes the impact velocity and the rebound velocity of the impact head during each impact, and the formula for determining the first test value of the absorbed energy density of the rock mass according to the first test data, the mass of the impact head, the impact times and the volume of the rock mass is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,E 1 the first absorption energy density test value is shown,tthe number of impacts is indicated and indicated,v i denotes the firstiThe impact velocity of the impact head during the secondary impact,v i ’is shown asiThe rebound speed of the impact head in the secondary impact process,mwhich is indicative of the mass of the impact head,Vrepresenting the volume of the anchored rock mass.
As an alternative embodiment, the second test data includes impact displacement and impact force of the impact head in each impact process, and the formula for determining the second absorbed energy density test value of the anchored rock mass according to the second test data, the impact times and the volume of the anchored rock mass is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,E 2 the second test value of the absorbed energy density is shown,tthe number of impacts is indicated and indicated,f i is shown asiThe impact force of the impact head in the secondary impact process,s i denotes the firstiThe impact displacement of the impact head in the secondary impact process,Vrepresenting the volume of the anchoring rock mass.
As an optional embodiment, the size parameter of the section of the tunnel or roadway comprises the radius of the section of the tunnel or roadway, and the range of the surrounding rock support is determined by the length of the on-site anchoring support; according to the absorption energy density of the anchored rock mass, the size parameter of the section of the tunnel or roadway and the surrounding rock supporting range, determining a formula of the energy absorbed by the anchored surrounding rock as follows:
U f =Uπ[(L+R) 2 -R 2 ]
wherein the content of the first and second substances,U f representing the energy that can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock,Uwhich represents the absorbed energy density of the anchoring rock mass,Lshowing the length of the in-situ anchoring support,Rrepresenting the tunnel or roadway section radius.
As an alternative embodiment, determining the bolting plan meeting the field design requirements according to the design value of the absorption energy of the field bolting surrounding rock and the energy absorbed by the bolting surrounding rock under different bolting plans comprises:
aiming at each anchoring and supporting scheme, determining the energy which can be absorbed by the surrounding rock under the anchoring and supporting scheme according to the anchoring and supporting parameters corresponding to the anchoring and supporting scheme;
and if the ratio of the design value of the absorption energy of the on-site anchoring surrounding rock to the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring supporting scheme is less than a preset safety threshold, determining that the anchoring supporting scheme is the anchoring supporting scheme meeting the on-site design requirement.
As an optional implementation, the method further comprises:
determining a design value of the absorption energy of the field anchoring surrounding rock according to the surrounding rock loosening ring range, the micro-seismic grade, the seismic distance and the surrounding rock mechanical parameters when the dynamic disaster corresponding to the underground engineering occurs.
As an optional implementation manner, the optimal anchoring and supporting scheme is selected by establishing an economic evaluation index ratio, and the method comprises the following steps:
for each anchoring and supporting scheme meeting the on-site design requirement, determining the ratio of the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring and supporting scheme to the supporting cost as an economic evaluation index corresponding to the anchoring and supporting scheme;
and determining the anchoring and supporting scheme with the largest economic evaluation index as the optimal anchoring and supporting scheme of the underground engineering.
In a second aspect, an energy-absorbing impact-resistant support design system for underground engineering anchored surrounding rock is provided, the system comprising:
the dynamic and static coupling test system is used for carrying out dynamic and static coupling mechanical tests on the anchoring rock mass corresponding to the underground engineering anchoring surrounding rock;
the support evaluation system is used for determining the absorption energy density of the anchoring rock mass based on the result of the dynamic-static coupling mechanical test, and obtaining the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock according to the absorption energy density of the anchoring rock mass, the size parameter of the section of the tunnel or roadway and the surrounding rock support range;
and the support evaluation system is also used for determining an anchoring support scheme meeting the field design requirement according to the field anchoring surrounding rock absorption energy design value and the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rocks under different anchoring support schemes, and selecting the optimal anchoring support scheme by establishing an economic evaluation index ratio.
As an optional implementation mode, the anchoring rock body is a regular hexahedral test piece, and is obtained by anchoring an anchoring member on an original rock test piece, and the anchoring member comprises a top surface, a bottom surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface;
the dynamic and static coupling test system comprises a dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem and a dynamic and static coupling test monitoring subsystem;
the dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem comprises a loading base, a first loading rod, a second loading rod, a third loading rod, a vertical loading rod, a reaction plate and an impact head; acting on a first side surface, a second side surface and a third side surface of the anchored rock body through a first loading rod, a second loading rod and a third loading rod respectively so as to apply lateral static load to the anchored rock body; acting on the top surface of the anchored rock body through the vertical loading rod to apply vertical static load to the anchored rock body; under the condition that static loading is kept unchanged, the vertical loading rod is impacted through the impact head, and impact acting force is indirectly applied to the anchored rock mass;
the dynamic and static coupling test monitoring subsystem comprises a laser velocimeter and a dynamic data acquisition instrument; the laser velocimeter is used for acquiring the impact speed and the rebound speed of the impact head when impacting the vertical loading rod; and the dynamic data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring impact displacement and impact force of the impact head in an impact process.
As an optional implementation manner, the dynamic-static coupling test loading subsystem is specifically configured to:
applying a static load to the original rock test piece through the first loading rod, the second loading rod, the third loading rod and the vertical loading rod, wherein the static load is determined by initial ground stress parameters of surrounding rocks; after the static load is stable, unloading the load of the second loading rod to zero, and laterally anchoring the original rock test piece on the second side surface by adopting an anchoring member to form an anchored rock body; and under the condition that the static loading is kept unchanged, applying impact acting force to the vertical loading rod through the impact head until the anchoring component is failed and broken.
As an optional implementation manner, the support evaluation system is specifically configured to:
recording the impact times required by failure and breakage of the anchoring component in the dynamic and static coupling mechanical test process;
acquiring first test data in each impact process through a laser velocimeter, and determining a first absorption energy density test value of an anchoring rock mass by combining the mass of an impact head, the impact times and the volume of the anchoring rock mass; acquiring second test data in each impact process through a dynamic data acquisition instrument, and determining a second absorbed energy density test value of the anchoring rock mass by combining the impact times and the volume of the anchoring rock mass;
and determining the minimum value of the first absorption energy density test value and the second absorption energy density test value as the absorption energy density of the anchored rock mass.
As an optional implementation manner, the support evaluation system is specifically configured to:
aiming at each anchoring and supporting scheme, determining the energy which can be absorbed by the surrounding rock under the anchoring and supporting scheme according to the anchoring and supporting parameters corresponding to the anchoring and supporting scheme;
and if the ratio of the design value of the absorption energy of the on-site anchoring surrounding rock to the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring supporting scheme is smaller than a preset safety threshold, determining that the anchoring supporting scheme is the anchoring supporting scheme meeting the on-site design requirement.
As an alternative embodiment, the support evaluation system is further configured to:
determining a design value of the absorption energy of the field anchoring surrounding rock according to the surrounding rock loosening ring range, the micro-seismic grade, the seismic distance and the surrounding rock mechanical parameters when the dynamic disaster corresponding to the underground engineering occurs.
As an optional implementation manner, the support evaluation system is specifically configured to:
for each anchoring and supporting scheme meeting the on-site design requirement, determining the ratio of the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring and supporting scheme to the supporting cost as an economic evaluation index corresponding to the anchoring and supporting scheme;
and determining the anchoring and supporting scheme with the largest economic evaluation index as the optimal anchoring and supporting scheme of the underground engineering.
In a third aspect, a computer device is provided, comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a computer program operable on the processor to, when executed, perform the method steps of the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, having stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method steps of the first aspect.
The application provides an impact-resistant energy-absorbing support design method for an underground engineering anchoring surrounding rock, and the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application at least has the following beneficial effects:
based on the dynamic and static coupling test system, dynamic and static coupling mechanical tests can be carried out on the anchoring rock mass corresponding to the anchoring surrounding rock of the underground engineering, and the stress states of single-surface unloading, anchoring and lateral impacting of the anchoring rock mass in the initial state of the underground engineering site are simulated, so that the absorption energy density of the anchoring rock mass is determined, and the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock is obtained by combining the dimension parameters of the section of the tunnel or roadway and the supporting range of the surrounding rock. According to the design value of the absorption energy of the on-site anchoring surrounding rock and the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under different anchoring supporting schemes, the anchoring supporting scheme meeting the on-site design requirement can be determined, and the optimal anchoring supporting scheme is selected by establishing the economic evaluation index ratio. By adopting the method and the device, the design of surrounding rock support of underground engineering can be guided, the influence of dynamic disaster action on the underground engineering is reduced, and the safety and stability of the engineering are ensured.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a technical route diagram of an impact-resistant energy-absorbing support design method for an underground engineering anchoring surrounding rock according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a design method of an underground engineering anchoring surrounding rock impact-resistant energy-absorbing support provided by the embodiment of the application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an anchored rock mass provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a dynamic-static coupling test system provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an underground engineering anchored surrounding rock impact-resistant energy-absorbing support design system provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
1. anchoring the rock mass; 11. an anchor member; 12. a raw rock test piece; 13. a rigging; 14. a tray; 15. a steel belt; 16. anchoring the net; 2. a dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem; 21. loading a base; 22. a first loading lever; 23. a second loading lever; 24. a third loading lever; 25. a vertical loading rod; 26. a reaction plate; 27. an impact head; 3. a dynamic and static coupling test monitoring subsystem; 31. a dynamic pressure sensor; 32. a dynamic strain sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
The method for designing the impact-resistant energy-absorbing support of the underground engineering anchoring surrounding rock can be applied to the design of the anchoring support for deformation control of the underground engineering surrounding rock. Fig. 1 is a technical route diagram of an impact-resistant energy-absorbing support design method for an underground engineering anchored surrounding rock according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 1, the specific processing procedures are as follows:
determining initial ground stress, surrounding rock mechanical parameters, surrounding rock loosening range, micro-seismic grade and seismic distance when dynamic disasters occur corresponding to the underground engineering by combining the support design requirements, on-site geological conditions and engineering experience of the underground engineering;
determining the design value of the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock per linear meter corresponding to the underground engineering according to the initial ground stress, the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock, the loosening range of the surrounding rock, the microseismic grade and the seismic distance;
preparing an original rock test piece and an anchoring member in an anchored rock mass according to a similarity ratio principle according to design parameters of an anchoring surrounding rock supporting scheme, including the type of the anchoring member, the length of the anchoring member and the anchoring supporting density;
carrying out dynamic and static coupling mechanical tests, namely firstly carrying out triaxial static loading on an original rock test piece according to the initial ground stress of surrounding rocks, then carrying out single-side unloading on the original rock test piece, laterally anchoring the original rock test piece by adopting an anchoring member to form an anchored rock mass, and finally applying vertical dynamic impact on the anchored rock mass to simulate the stress states of radial unloading and lateral impacting of the anchored rock mass in an underground engineering site and determine the absorbed energy density of the anchored rock mass corresponding to an anchoring and supporting scheme;
determining the limit absorption energy of each linear meter of the anchoring and supporting system according to the absorption energy density of the anchoring rock mass, and determining the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under different schemes by combining the design value of each linear meter of the anchoring surrounding rock absorption energy;
determining an anchoring and supporting scheme meeting the field design requirement;
and establishing an economic evaluation index, and selecting an optimal anchoring and supporting scheme from anchoring and supporting schemes meeting the field design requirements.
The method for designing an impact-resistant energy-absorbing support for an underground engineering anchored surrounding rock provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, and fig. 2 is a flowchart of the method for designing an impact-resistant energy-absorbing support for an underground engineering anchored surrounding rock provided by the embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 2, the specific steps are as follows:
step 201, based on a dynamic and static coupling test system, performing a dynamic and static coupling mechanical test on an anchoring rock body corresponding to an underground engineering anchoring surrounding rock, determining the absorption energy density of the anchoring rock body, and combining the size parameter of the section of the tunnel or roadway and the surrounding rock supporting range to obtain the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock;
step 202, determining an anchoring and supporting scheme meeting the field design requirements according to the design value of the absorption energy of the field anchoring surrounding rock and the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under different anchoring and supporting schemes, and selecting the optimal anchoring and supporting scheme by establishing an economic evaluation index ratio.
In the implementation, when a dynamic disaster occurs at the construction site of the underground engineering, the surrounding rocks of the tunnel (roadway) of the underground engineering are subjected to dynamic impact caused by the dynamic disaster. If the anchoring and supporting scheme of the underground engineering cannot completely absorb the impact energy released by the dynamic disaster, the surrounding rocks of the tunnel (roadway) of the underground engineering are damaged or collapsed, and personnel and property loss is caused. Therefore, the dynamic and static coupling mechanical test method is based on the dynamic and static coupling test system, dynamic and static coupling mechanical tests are carried out on the anchoring rock mass corresponding to the anchoring surrounding rock under different anchoring and supporting schemes, the stress states of single-surface unloading, anchoring and lateral impacting of the anchoring rock mass in the underground engineering field under the initial state are simulated, and the absorption energy density of the anchoring rock mass is determined. And then, according to the absorption energy density of the anchoring rock mass, combining the size parameters of the section of the tunnel or roadway and the surrounding rock supporting range to obtain the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock, wherein the energy is used for reflecting the impact energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring rock mass in the existing place of the underground engineering. And finally, determining an anchoring and supporting scheme meeting the requirements of field design according to the design value of the absorption energy of the field anchoring surrounding rock and the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under different anchoring and supporting schemes, and selecting the optimal anchoring and supporting scheme by establishing an economic evaluation index ratio, so as to guide the underground engineering surrounding rock supporting design, reduce the influence of the action of dynamic disasters on the underground engineering, and ensure the safety and stability of the engineering.
For step 201, in implementation, firstly, based on a dynamic and static coupling test system, a dynamic and static coupling mechanical test is performed on an anchored rock body corresponding to an underground engineering anchored surrounding rock according to an initial ground stress parameter of the surrounding rock, and the process includes: carrying out static loading on the anchored rock mass based on a dynamic and static coupling test system, wherein the static load during the static loading is determined according to the initial ground stress parameters of the surrounding rock so as to simulate the state that all surfaces of the surrounding rock of the underground engineering site are subjected to the initial ground stress action of the surrounding rock before excavation; after the static load is stable, radial single-sided unloading and lateral anchoring are sequentially carried out on the anchored rock mass based on the dynamic-static coupling test system, and circulating power impact is carried out on the anchored rock mass under the condition that the static load is kept unchanged, so that the state that the radial single-sided unloading is caused by excavation of surrounding rocks in the underground engineering site, and the anchoring and anchoring are continuously subjected to power impact after excavation is simulated until the anchoring member in the anchored rock mass is broken due to failure. Meanwhile, in the dynamic and static coupling mechanical test process, the impact times required by the failure and breakage of the anchoring component are recorded. The initial ground stress parameter of the surrounding rock represents the internal stress of the rock body corresponding to the underground engineering under the natural occurrence condition, and all the surfaces of the rock body corresponding to the underground engineering are subjected to the initial ground stress of the surrounding rock before excavation. Preferably, the initial ground stress parameters of the surrounding rock can be determined by engineering personnel according to the field geological conditions and the construction requirements of the underground engineering by utilizing engineering experience and an engineering method, and are prestored in the computer equipment.
And then, acquiring monitoring data in the dynamic and static coupling mechanical test process, and determining the absorption capacity (namely the absorption energy density) of the anchored rock body for the dynamic impact energy according to the monitoring data of the dynamic and static coupling mechanical test. Preferably, the monitoring data includes impact times, impact velocity, rebound velocity, impact displacement and impact force. The dynamic and static coupling mechanical test simulates the process from dynamic impact to failure and breakage of the anchoring member of the rock anchored on the underground engineering site on the basis of single-side unloading and other surface compression, so that the absorption energy density determined according to the monitoring data can truly reflect the absorption capacity of the anchoring rock on the underground engineering site for the dynamic impact energy when a dynamic disaster occurs, and the dynamic and static coupling mechanical test conforms to the actual situation of the underground engineering site.
And finally, according to the absorption energy density of the anchored rock mass, combining the size parameter of the section of the tunnel or roadway with the surrounding rock supporting range to obtain the energy which can be absorbed by the anchored surrounding rock, and reflecting the impact energy which can be absorbed by the anchored rock mass when a dynamic disaster occurs. The size parameters of the section of the tunnel or the roadway comprise the radius of the section of the tunnel or the roadway, and the surrounding rock support range is determined by the length of a field anchoring support.
For step 202, in implementation, the energy that can be absorbed by the surrounding rock under each bolting plan is first determined based on the dynamic-static coupling test system for the bolting plan. And then determining the anchoring and supporting scheme meeting the field design requirement according to the field anchoring surrounding rock absorption energy design value and the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rocks under different anchoring and supporting schemes. And finally, establishing an economic evaluation index of the anchoring and supporting scheme, and selecting the optimal anchoring and supporting scheme. The site design requirement can be set by an engineer according to the site geological condition and the construction requirement and according to engineering experience, and is stored in the computer equipment in advance.
As an optional embodiment, the anchoring rock mass in step 201 is a regular hexahedral test piece, and is obtained by anchoring the anchoring member on an original rock test piece, and the anchoring rock mass includes a top surface, a bottom surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface.
The dynamic and static coupling test system comprises a dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem and a dynamic and static coupling test monitoring subsystem.
The dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem comprises a loading base, a first loading rod, a second loading rod, a third loading rod, a vertical loading rod, a reaction plate and an impact head. Acting on a first side surface, a second side surface and a third side surface of the anchored rock body through a first loading rod, a second loading rod and a third loading rod respectively so as to apply lateral static load to the anchored rock body; acting on the top surface of the anchored rock body through the vertical loading rod, and applying vertical static load to the anchored rock body; under the condition that static loading is kept unchanged, the vertical loading rod is impacted through the impact head, and impact acting force is indirectly exerted on the anchored rock mass.
The dynamic and static coupling test monitoring subsystem comprises a laser velocimeter and a dynamic data acquisition instrument. The laser velocimeter is used for acquiring the impact speed and the rebound speed of the impact head when impacting the vertical loading rod; and the dynamic data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring impact displacement and impact force of the impact head in the impact process.
As an optional implementation manner, in order to simulate the stress states of single-sided unloading, anchoring and lateral impacting of the underground engineering field anchoring rock mass in the initial state, based on the dynamic-static coupling test system in step 201, the processing procedure of performing the dynamic-static coupling mechanical test on the anchoring rock mass corresponding to the underground engineering anchoring surrounding rock is as follows:
step one, applying a static load to an original rock test piece through a first loading rod, a second loading rod, a third loading rod and a vertical loading rod, wherein the static load is determined by initial ground stress parameters of surrounding rocks.
In implementation, an original rock test piece is placed on a loading base, a static load equivalent to the initial ground stress parameter of the surrounding rock is applied to the original rock test piece through a first loading rod, a second loading rod, a third loading rod and a vertical loading rod, triaxial static loading is achieved, and the state that six faces of the surrounding rock of the underground engineering site are affected by the initial ground stress parameter of the surrounding rock before excavation is simulated.
And step two, after the static load is stable, unloading the load of the second loading rod to zero, and laterally anchoring the original rock test piece on the second side surface by adopting an anchoring member to form an anchored rock body.
In implementation, after the static load is stable, the load of the second loading rod is unloaded to zero, and single-side unloading of the original rock test piece is realized, so that the state that the radial single-side unloading of the surrounding rock on the underground engineering site caused by excavation and the rest surface of the surrounding rock are acted by the initial ground stress parameters of the surrounding rock is simulated. And then, laterally anchoring the second side surface of the original rock test piece by adopting an anchoring member to form an anchored rock mass so as to simulate the process of installing an anchoring and supporting scheme on the surrounding rock of the underground engineering site and forming the anchored rock mass.
Step three, under the condition that the static force loading is kept unchanged, applying impact acting force to the vertical loading rod through the impact head until the anchoring component is failed and broken; meanwhile, in the dynamic and static coupling mechanical test process, the impact times required by the failure and breakage of the anchoring component are recorded.
In the implementation, under the condition that static loading is kept unchanged, the impact head applies circulating impact acting force to the vertical loading rod to apply vertical dynamic impact to the anchoring rock body until the anchoring member fails and breaks, so that the process that the anchoring rock body in the underground engineering field continuously receives lateral dynamic impact until the anchoring member fails and breaks is simulated. Meanwhile, in the dynamic and static coupling mechanical test process, the impact times required by the failure and breakage of the anchoring component are recorded. It should be noted that the magnitude of the impact force is related to the mass of the impact head and the falling height at the time of impact.
As an alternative implementation manner, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an anchored rock mass provided in the embodiments of the present application, and as shown in fig. 3, an anchored rock mass 1 includes a top surface (as shown in a top view in fig. 3), a bottom surface, a first side surface (as shown in a left side view in fig. 3), a second side surface (as shown in a front view in fig. 3), a third side surface and a fourth side surface. The second side may also be referred to as a relief or anchor side. Wherein, the fourth side is fixedly connected with a reaction plate 26 in the dynamic and static coupling test system. The anchoring rock body 1 comprises an anchoring member 11, a raw rock test piece 12, a rigging 13, a tray 14, a steel strip 15 and an anchoring net 16, and is obtained by anchoring the anchoring member 11, the rigging 13, the tray 14, the steel strip 15 and the anchoring net 16 on the raw rock test piece 12. Wherein, one end of the anchoring member 11 is anchored to the second side surface through the rigging 13 and the tray 14, the other end is anchored to the fourth side surface through the rigging 13, and the reaction plate 26 is arranged between the fourth side surface and the rigging 13 and is used for providing reaction force for the anchoring member 11; the steel band 15 and the anchor net 16 are provided as a surface protecting member on the second side of the anchoring member 11 for increasing the anchoring effect of the anchoring member 11. It should be noted that the rock mass 1 can be divided into a single anchoring member and a plurality of anchoring members according to the number of the anchoring members 11. The rock mass 1 shown in figure 3 is a plurality of anchoring members. Preferably, the original rock test piece 12 and the anchoring member 11 are prepared according to the design parameters of the anchoring and supporting scheme according to the principle of similarity ratio. The design parameters of the anchoring and supporting scheme can comprise the type of the anchoring member, the length of the anchoring member and the anchoring density.
As an optional implementation manner, in order to enable the dynamic and static coupling test system in step 201 to sequentially perform static loading, radial unloading, anchoring and cyclic dynamic impact on the anchored rock mass and simulate the stressed states of radial unloading, anchoring and continuous lateral impact of the underground engineering field surrounding rock in the initial state, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the dynamic and static coupling test system provided in the embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 4, the dynamic and static coupling test system includes a dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem 2 and a dynamic and static coupling test monitoring subsystem (not shown in fig. 4). The dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem 2 comprises a loading base 21, a first loading rod 22, a second loading rod 23, a third loading rod 24, a vertical loading rod 25, a reaction plate 26 and an impact head 27. The reaction plate 26 is fixedly connected to the loading base 21, the first loading rod 22, the second loading rod 23 and the third loading rod 24 respectively act on a first side surface, a second side surface and a third side surface of the anchored rock body to apply lateral static load to the anchored rock body, the vertical loading rod 25 acts on the top surface to apply static load to the anchored rock body 1, the reaction plate 26 acts on the fourth side surface to provide reaction force for the anchored rock body 1, and the impact head 27 acts on the vertical loading rod 25 to apply impact force to the vertical loading rod 25 after the vertical loading rod 25 applies static load to the top surface; and the dynamic and static coupling test monitoring subsystem comprises a laser velocimeter and a dynamic data acquisition instrument, wherein the laser velocimeter is used for acquiring the impact speed and the rebound speed of the impact head 27 when impacting the vertical loading rod 25, and the dynamic data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring the impact displacement of the impact head 27 and the impact force of the impact head 27 when impacting the vertical loading rod 25. The impact speed is the speed of the impact head 27 initially contacting the vertical loading rod 25, the rebound speed is the speed of the impact head 27 rebounding to the position initially contacting the vertical loading rod 25, and the impact displacement is the displacement from the position initially contacting the vertical loading rod 25 when the impact head 27 impacts the vertical loading rod 25 to the position where the impact head 27 is separated from the vertical loading rod 25.
It should be noted that the dynamic-static coupling test system shown in fig. 4 is only an example and not a limitation to the dynamic-static coupling test system, and the dynamic-static coupling test system in the present application is not limited to the embodiment shown in fig. 4. According to the test requirements, the impact head in the dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem can also act on the first loading rod or the third loading rod, so that the lateral impact stress state simulation of various underground engineering field anchoring rock masses is realized.
In addition, as shown in fig. 3, the dynamic-static coupling test monitoring subsystem 3 further includes a dynamic pressure sensor 31 and a dynamic strain sensor 32. The dynamic pressure sensor 31 is arranged between the rigging 13 and the tray 14 and used for monitoring the axial force change condition of the anchoring member 11 in the impact process; the dynamic strain sensor 32 is attached to the middle of the anchor member 11 and is used for monitoring the strain change of the anchor member 11 during the impact.
As an alternative embodiment, in step 201, the process of determining the absorbed energy density of the anchored rock mass is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, obtaining first test data in each impact process through a laser velocimeter, and determining a first absorbed energy density test value of an anchored rock mass by combining the mass of an impact head, the impact times and the volume of the anchored rock mass.
In implementation, the first test data comprises the impact velocity and the rebound velocity of the impact head, and the formula for determining the first absorption energy density test value of the anchored rock mass is as follows according to the first test data, the mass of the impact head, the impact times and the volume of the anchored rock mass:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,E 1 the first test value of the absorbed energy density is shown,tthe number of impacts is indicated and indicated,v i denotes the firstiThe impact velocity of the impact head during the secondary impact,v i ’is shown asiThe rebound speed of the impact head in the secondary impact process,mwhich is indicative of the mass of the impact head,Vrepresenting the volume of the anchored rock mass. The first absorption energy density test value can reflect the absorption capacity of the anchoring rock mass corresponding to the anchoring supporting scheme on the power impact energy in the underground engineering field when a power disaster occurs.
And step two, acquiring second test data in each impact process through a dynamic data acquisition instrument, and determining a second absorbed energy density test value of the anchored rock mass by combining the impact times and the volume of the anchored rock mass.
In implementation, the second test data includes impact displacement and impact force of the impact head, and the formula for determining the second absorbed energy density test value of the anchored rock mass is as follows according to the second test data, the impact times and the volume of the anchored rock mass:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,E 2 the second test value of the absorbed energy density is shown,tthe number of impacts is indicated and indicated,f i is shown asiThe impact force of the impact head in the secondary impact process,s i is shown asiThe impact displacement of the impact head in the secondary impact process,Vindicating anchoring rockVolume of the body. The second absorbed energy density test value can also reflect the absorption capacity of the anchored rock mass corresponding to the anchoring and supporting scheme on the power impact energy in the underground engineering field when a power disaster occurs.
And step three, determining the minimum value of the first absorbed energy density test value and the second absorbed energy density test value as the absorbed energy density of the anchored rock mass.
In the implementation, in order to ensure the safety and stability of the construction, the minimum value of a first absorbed energy density test value and a second absorbed energy density test value of the absorption capacity of the anchored rock mass corresponding to the anchoring and supporting scheme for the dynamic impact energy at the underground engineering site is determined as the absorbed energy density of the anchored rock mass, wherein the minimum value is obtained through different calculation processes and can reflect that the minimum value is the minimum value of the first absorbed energy density test value and the second absorbed energy density test value of the absorption capacity of the anchored rock mass for the dynamic impact energy when a dynamic disaster occurs. The energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock on the underground engineering site and determined according to the absorbed energy density is a more conservative result, and the safety and stability of the engineering can be more effectively ensured.
As an alternative embodiment, in step 201, the size parameter of the section of the tunnel or roadway includes the radius of the section of the tunnel or roadway, and the range of the surrounding rock support is determined by the length of the in-situ anchoring support. According to the absorption energy density of the anchored rock mass, the size parameter of the section of the tunnel or roadway and the surrounding rock supporting range, determining a formula of the energy absorbed by the anchored surrounding rock as follows:
U f =Uπ[(L+R) 2 -R 2 ]
wherein the content of the first and second substances,U f representing the energy that can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock,Uwhich represents the absorbed energy density of the anchored rock mass,Lthe length of the on-site anchoring support is shown,Rrepresenting the tunnel or roadway section radius. Preferably, the length of the on-site anchoring support is determined according to the actually measured loose range of the surrounding rock after the tunnel or roadway of the underground engineering is excavated. In addition, if the shape of the cross section of the tunnel or roadway of the underground engineering is not circular, the radius of the cross section of the tunnel or roadway is the radius of the circumscribed circle of the cross section of the tunnel or roadway.
As an alternative implementation manner, in step 202, according to the design value of the absorption energy of the onsite anchoring surrounding rock and the energy that the anchoring surrounding rock under different anchoring supporting schemes can absorb, the process of determining the anchoring supporting scheme meeting the onsite design requirement is as follows:
step one, aiming at each anchoring and supporting scheme, determining the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring and supporting scheme according to the anchoring and supporting parameters corresponding to the anchoring and supporting scheme.
In the implementation, for each anchor supporting scheme, according to the anchor supporting parameters corresponding to the anchor supporting scheme, the original rock test piece and the anchor member in the anchor rock mass are prepared according to the similarity ratio principle, and the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchor supporting scheme is determined based on the process of step 201. The anchor support parameters may include anchor member type, anchor member length, anchor support density, and the like.
And step two, if the ratio of the design value of the absorption energy of the on-site anchoring surrounding rock to the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring supporting scheme is smaller than a preset safety threshold, determining that the anchoring supporting scheme is the anchoring supporting scheme meeting the on-site design requirement.
In implementation, the safety threshold is the safety coefficient of underground engineering, the value range is 0~1, and the safety threshold can be set by engineering personnel according to field design requirements. If the ratio of the design value of the absorption energy of the on-site anchoring surrounding rock to the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring supporting scheme is smaller than the preset safety threshold, the situation is indicated that the anchoring supporting scheme is in the construction site of the underground engineering, when a dynamic disaster occurs, the anchoring rock under the anchoring supporting scheme can completely absorb the impact energy released by the dynamic disaster, the safety and the stability of the underground engineering are maintained, and therefore the anchoring supporting scheme is determined to be the anchoring supporting scheme meeting the design requirements of the site. Otherwise, when a dynamic disaster occurs, the anchoring rock mass under the anchoring and supporting scheme cannot completely absorb impact energy released by the dynamic disaster, and the surrounding rock of the underground engineering has higher damage or collapse risk under the dynamic impact, so that the safety and stability of the underground engineering cannot be ensured, and the field design requirement cannot be met.
As an optional implementation manner, in step 202, the design value of the absorption energy of the on-site anchoring surrounding rock may reflect the energy that should be theoretically absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock corresponding to the underground engineering when the dynamic disaster occurs, and the processing procedure of determining the design value of the absorption energy of the on-site anchoring surrounding rock is as follows: determining a design value of the absorption energy of the field anchoring surrounding rock according to the surrounding rock loosening ring range, the micro-seismic grade, the seismic distance and the surrounding rock mechanical parameters when the dynamic disaster corresponding to the underground engineering occurs.
In the implementation, the support anti-seismic grade and the seismic distance of the anchoring support scheme are determined according to the support design requirements of underground engineering; then, determining the vibration speed of surrounding rock mass points when a dynamic disaster occurs according to the support anti-seismic grade and the seismic distance; and finally, calculating a field anchoring surrounding rock absorption energy design value within the surrounding rock loosening circle range by combining a power theorem according to the surrounding rock mass point vibration speed, the surrounding rock loosening circle range, the microseismic level and the surrounding rock mechanical parameters when the power disaster occurs. The range of the surrounding rock loosening ring, the microseismic grade, the seismic distance and the surrounding rock mechanical parameters can be determined by engineering personnel according to actual measurement data of an underground engineering site, and can also be determined by the engineering personnel through an engineering analogy method according to support design requirements of the underground engineering and historical monitoring data of other underground engineering with similar geological conditions, and are stored in computer equipment in advance.
As an optional implementation manner, in order to determine an optimal anchor supporting scheme with both economy and safety, in step 202, a processing procedure of selecting the optimal anchor supporting scheme by establishing an economy evaluation index ratio is as follows:
step one, aiming at each anchoring and supporting scheme meeting the field design requirement, determining the ratio of the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring and supporting scheme to the supporting cost as the economic evaluation index corresponding to the anchoring and supporting scheme. Wherein the supporting cost is the supporting cost of the anchoring surrounding rock per linear meter under the anchoring supporting scheme.
And step two, determining the anchoring and supporting scheme with the largest economic evaluation index as the optimal anchoring scheme of the underground engineering.
As an optional implementation manner, for safety, the processing procedure of the present application further includes:
and determining the anchoring and supporting scheme meeting the field design requirement according to the sum of the initial elastic strain energy of the surrounding rock and the design value of the absorption energy of the field anchoring surrounding rock and the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under different anchoring and supporting schemes.
In the implementation, the situation that the stress state of the simulated underground engineering on-site anchored rock mass under dynamic disasters is deviated from the actual state in a dynamic and static coupling mechanical test is considered, and the energy which can be absorbed by the determined anchored surrounding rock is possibly large. In order to reduce the influence of dynamic disaster on underground engineering, the influence of the initial elastic strain energy of the surrounding rock on the safety of the anchoring and supporting scheme is further considered, the sum of the initial elastic strain energy of the surrounding rock and the design value of the absorption energy of the field anchoring surrounding rock and the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring and supporting scheme are analyzed, the anchoring and supporting scheme meeting the field design requirement is determined, and the safety and the stability of the engineering are further ensured. The initial elastic strain energy of the surrounding rock is the elastic strain energy releasable by the surrounding rock corresponding to the underground engineering, and is generally obtained through two ways. The first method is as follows: carrying out an indoor triaxial compression test on a surrounding rock sample of underground engineering, acquiring a stress-strain curve of the surrounding rock under the action of initial ground stress, then integrating the stress-strain curve of the surrounding rock to determine the initial elastic strain energy of the surrounding rock, and storing the initial elastic strain energy in computer equipment in advance. And in the second mode, drilling test is carried out in the excavation process of underground engineering, the initial elastic strain energy of the surrounding rock is determined according to the parameters while drilling, and the initial elastic strain energy is stored in the computer equipment in advance. Preferably, the process of determining the bolting scheme meeting the field design requirements may refer to the process of determining the bolting scheme meeting the field design requirements according to the design value of the absorption energy of the field bolting surrounding rock and the energy absorbed by the bolting surrounding rock under different bolting schemes, and details are not repeated herein.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts of fig. 1 to 2 are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in sequence as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not limited to being performed in the exact order illustrated and, unless explicitly stated herein, may be performed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in fig. 1-2 may include multiple steps or multiple stages, which are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, which are not necessarily performed in sequence, but may be performed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least some of the other steps or stages.
It is understood that the same/similar parts between the embodiments of the method described above in this specification can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments, and it is sufficient that the relevant points are referred to the descriptions of the other method embodiments.
The embodiment of the application also provides an underground engineering anchoring surrounding rock impact-resistant energy-absorbing support design system, as shown in fig. 5, the system includes:
the dynamic and static coupling test system 510 is used for carrying out dynamic and static coupling mechanical tests on the anchoring rock mass corresponding to the underground engineering anchoring surrounding rock;
the support evaluation system 520 is used for determining the absorption energy density of the anchored rock mass based on the result of the dynamic-static coupling mechanical test, and obtaining the energy absorbed by the anchored surrounding rock according to the absorption energy density of the anchored rock mass, the size parameter of the section of the tunnel or roadway and the surrounding rock support range;
the support evaluation system 520 is further configured to determine an anchor support scheme meeting the field design requirements according to the design value of the absorption energy of the field anchor surrounding rock and the energy absorbed by the anchor surrounding rock under different anchor support schemes, and select an optimal anchor support scheme by establishing an economic evaluation index ratio.
As an optional embodiment, the anchoring rock mass is a regular hexahedral test piece, and is obtained by anchoring the anchoring member on an original rock test piece, and comprises a top surface, a bottom surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface;
the dynamic and static coupling test system comprises a dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem and a dynamic and static coupling test monitoring subsystem;
the dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem comprises a loading base, a first loading rod, a second loading rod, a third loading rod, a vertical loading rod, a reaction plate and an impact head; acting on a first side surface, a second side surface and a third side surface of the anchored rock body through a first loading rod, a second loading rod and a third loading rod respectively so as to apply lateral static load to the anchored rock body; acting on the top surface of the anchored rock body through the vertical loading rod, and applying vertical static load to the anchored rock body; under the condition that static loading is kept unchanged, the vertical loading rod is impacted through the impact head, and impact acting force is indirectly applied to the anchored rock mass;
the dynamic and static coupling test monitoring subsystem comprises a laser velocimeter and a dynamic data acquisition instrument; the laser velocimeter is used for acquiring the impact speed and the rebound speed of the impact head when impacting the vertical loading rod; and the dynamic data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring impact displacement and impact force of the impact head in the impact process.
As an optional implementation manner, the dynamic-static coupling test loading subsystem is specifically configured to:
applying a static load to the original rock test piece through the first loading rod, the second loading rod, the third loading rod and the vertical loading rod, wherein the static load is determined by initial ground stress parameters of the surrounding rock; after the static load is stable, unloading the load of the second loading rod to zero, and laterally anchoring the original rock test piece on the second side surface by adopting an anchoring member to form an anchored rock body; and under the condition that the static loading is kept unchanged, applying impact acting force to the vertical loading rod through the impact head until the anchoring component is failed and broken.
As an optional implementation manner, the support evaluation system is specifically configured to:
recording the impact times required by failure and breakage of the anchoring component in the dynamic and static coupling mechanical test process;
acquiring first test data in each impact process through a laser velocimeter, and determining a first absorption energy density test value of an anchored rock mass by combining the mass of an impact head, the impact times and the volume of the anchored rock mass; acquiring second test data in each impact process through a dynamic data acquisition instrument, and determining a second absorbed energy density test value of the anchoring rock mass by combining the impact times and the volume of the anchoring rock mass;
and determining the minimum value of the first absorption energy density test value and the second absorption energy density test value as the absorption energy density of the anchored rock mass.
As an optional implementation manner, the support evaluation system is specifically configured to:
aiming at each anchoring and supporting scheme, determining the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring and supporting scheme according to the anchoring and supporting parameters corresponding to the anchoring and supporting scheme;
and if the ratio of the design value of the absorption energy of the on-site anchoring surrounding rock to the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring supporting scheme is less than a preset safety threshold, determining that the anchoring supporting scheme is the anchoring supporting scheme meeting the on-site design requirement.
As an alternative embodiment, the support evaluation system is further configured to:
determining a design value of the absorption energy of the field anchoring surrounding rock according to the surrounding rock loosening ring range, the micro-seismic grade, the seismic distance and the surrounding rock mechanical parameters when the dynamic disaster corresponding to the underground engineering occurs.
As an optional implementation manner, the support evaluation system is specifically configured to:
for each anchoring and supporting scheme meeting the on-site design requirement, determining the ratio of the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring and supporting scheme to the supporting cost as an economic evaluation index corresponding to the anchoring and supporting scheme;
and determining the anchoring and supporting scheme with the largest economic evaluation index as the optimal anchoring and supporting scheme of the underground engineering.
The embodiment of the application provides an underground engineering anchored surrounding rock impact-resistant energy-absorbing support design system. The dynamic and static coupling test system can be used for carrying out dynamic and static coupling mechanical tests on the anchoring rock mass corresponding to the anchoring surrounding rock of the underground engineering, and simulating the stress states of single-surface unloading, anchoring and lateral impacting of the anchoring rock mass of the underground engineering on site in an initial state. The support evaluation system determines the absorption energy density of the anchored rock mass based on the result of the dynamic and static coupling mechanical test, and obtains the energy absorbed by the anchored surrounding rock by combining the size parameter of the section of the tunnel or roadway and the surrounding rock support range. The support evaluation system determines an anchoring support scheme meeting the field design requirements according to the field anchoring surrounding rock absorption energy design value and the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rocks under different anchoring support schemes, and selects the optimal anchoring support scheme by establishing an economic evaluation index ratio. By adopting the method and the device, the underground engineering surrounding rock supporting design can be guided, the influence of dynamic disaster action on the underground engineering is reduced, and the safety and stability of the engineering are ensured.
For specific limitations of the design system of the impact-resistant energy-absorbing support for the underground engineering anchored surrounding rock, reference may be made to the above limitations of the design method of the impact-resistant energy-absorbing support for the underground engineering anchored surrounding rock, and details are not repeated here. All modules in the underground engineering anchoring surrounding rock impact-resistant energy-absorbing support design system can be completely or partially realized through software, hardware and a combination thereof. The modules can be embedded in a hardware form or independent from a processor in the computer device, and can also be stored in a memory in the computer device in a software form, so that the processor can call and execute operations corresponding to the modules.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, as shown in fig. 6, and includes a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program operable on the processor, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the method steps of the above-mentioned underground engineering anchored surrounding rock impact-resistant and energy-absorbing support design.
In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the above-described method for an energy-absorbing shock-resistant support design for an underground works anchored surrounding rock.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above may be implemented by hardware instructions of a computer program, which may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, may include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in the embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory, among others. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), rambus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
It should be further noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data for presentation, analyzed data, etc.) referred to in the present application are information and data authorized by the user or sufficiently authorized by each party.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
All possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments may not be described for the sake of brevity, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present disclosure as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these are all within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for designing the impact-resistant energy-absorbing support of the underground engineering anchored surrounding rock is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
based on a dynamic and static coupling test system, carrying out a dynamic and static coupling mechanical test on an anchoring rock body corresponding to the underground engineering anchoring surrounding rock, determining the absorption energy density of the anchoring rock body, and combining the size parameter of the section of the tunnel or roadway and the supporting range of the surrounding rock to obtain the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock;
determining an anchoring and supporting scheme meeting the on-site design requirement according to the design value of the absorption energy of the on-site anchoring surrounding rock and the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under different anchoring and supporting schemes, and selecting an optimal anchoring and supporting scheme by establishing an economic evaluation index ratio;
the anchoring rock mass is a regular hexahedral test piece, and is obtained by anchoring an anchoring member on an original rock test piece, and the anchoring member comprises a top surface, a bottom surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface; the dynamic and static coupling test system comprises a dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem and a dynamic and static coupling test monitoring subsystem; the dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem comprises a loading base, a first loading rod, a second loading rod, a third loading rod, a vertical loading rod, a reaction plate and an impact head; acting on a first side surface, a second side surface and a third side surface of the anchored rock body through a first loading rod, a second loading rod and a third loading rod respectively so as to apply lateral static load to the anchored rock body; acting on the top surface of the anchored rock body through the vertical loading rod to apply vertical static load to the anchored rock body; under the condition that static loading is kept unchanged, the vertical loading rod is impacted through the impact head, and impact acting force is indirectly applied to the anchored rock mass; the dynamic and static coupling test monitoring subsystem comprises a laser velocimeter and a dynamic data acquisition instrument; the laser velocimeter is used for acquiring the impact speed and the rebound speed of the impact head when impacting the vertical loading rod; the dynamic data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring impact displacement and impact force of the impact head in an impact process;
based on sound coupling test system, carry out sound coupling mechanical test to the anchoring rock mass that underground works anchoring country rock corresponds, confirm the absorbed energy density of anchoring rock mass, include: applying a static load to the original rock test piece through the first loading rod, the second loading rod, the third loading rod and the vertical loading rod, wherein the static load is determined by initial ground stress parameters of the surrounding rock; after the static load is stable, unloading the load of the second loading rod to zero, and laterally anchoring the original rock test piece on the second side surface by adopting an anchoring member to form an anchored rock body; under the condition that static loading is kept unchanged, applying impact acting force to the vertical loading rod through the impact head until the anchoring component is failed and broken; recording the impact times required by failure and breakage of the anchoring component in the dynamic and static coupling mechanical test process; acquiring first test data in each impact process through a laser velocimeter, and determining a first absorption energy density test value of an anchored rock mass by combining the mass of an impact head, the impact times and the volume of the anchored rock mass; acquiring second test data in each impact process through a dynamic data acquisition instrument, and determining a second absorbed energy density test value of the anchoring rock mass by combining the impact times and the volume of the anchoring rock mass; determining the minimum value of the first absorption energy density test value and the second absorption energy density test value as the absorption energy density of the anchored rock mass;
the optimal anchoring and supporting scheme is selected by establishing an economic evaluation index ratio, and the method comprises the following steps: for each anchoring and supporting scheme meeting the on-site design requirement, determining the ratio of the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring and supporting scheme to the supporting cost as an economic evaluation index corresponding to the anchoring and supporting scheme; and determining the anchoring and supporting scheme with the largest economic evaluation index as the optimal anchoring and supporting scheme of the underground engineering.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first test data comprises impact velocity and rebound velocity of the impact head during each impact, and the first test value of the absorbed energy density of the rock mass is determined from the first test data, mass of the impact head, number of impacts and volume of the rock mass:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,E 1 the first absorption energy density test value is shown,tthe number of impacts is indicated and indicated,v i is shown asiThe impact velocity of the impact head during the secondary impact,v i ’is shown asiThe rebound speed of the impact head in the secondary impact process,mwhich is indicative of the mass of the impact head,Vrepresenting the volume of the anchored rock mass.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second test data comprises impact displacement and impact force of the impact head during each impact, and the formula for determining the second test value of the absorbed energy density of the rock mass based on the second test data, the number of impacts and the volume of the rock mass is:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,E 2 the second absorption energy density test value is shown,tthe number of impacts is indicated in the table,f i is shown asiThe impact force of the impact head in the secondary impact process,s i is shown asiThe impact displacement of the impact head in the secondary impact process,Vrepresenting the volume of the anchored rock mass.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the tunnel or roadway section size parameter comprises a tunnel or roadway section radius, and the surrounding rock support range is determined by the length of the in-situ anchoring support; according to the absorption energy density of the anchored rock mass, the size parameter of the section of the tunnel or roadway and the surrounding rock supporting range, determining a formula of the energy absorbed by the anchored surrounding rock as follows:
U f =Uπ[(L+R) 2 -R 2 ]
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,U f indicating the energy that the anchoring surrounding rock can absorb,Uwhich represents the absorbed energy density of the anchored rock mass,Lshowing the length of the in-situ anchoring support,Rrepresenting the tunnel or roadway section radius.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of determining the bolting plan meeting the design requirements on site according to the design value of the absorption energy of the site bolting surrounding rock and the energy absorbed by the site bolting surrounding rock under different bolting plans comprises the following steps:
aiming at each anchoring and supporting scheme, determining the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring and supporting scheme according to the anchoring and supporting parameters corresponding to the anchoring and supporting scheme;
and if the ratio of the design value of the absorption energy of the on-site anchoring surrounding rock to the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring supporting scheme is less than a preset safety threshold, determining that the anchoring supporting scheme is the anchoring supporting scheme meeting the on-site design requirement.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining a design value of the absorption energy of the field anchoring surrounding rock according to the surrounding rock loosening ring range, the micro-seismic grade, the seismic distance and the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock when the dynamic disaster corresponding to the underground engineering occurs.
7. Underground works anchor country rock anti-impact energy-absorbing and strut design system, its characterized in that, the system includes:
the dynamic and static coupling test system is used for carrying out dynamic and static coupling mechanical tests on the anchoring rock mass corresponding to the underground engineering anchoring surrounding rock;
the support evaluation system is used for determining the absorption energy density of the anchoring rock mass based on the result of the dynamic-static coupling mechanical test, and obtaining the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock according to the absorption energy density of the anchoring rock mass, the size parameter of the section of the tunnel or roadway and the surrounding rock support range;
the support evaluation system is also used for determining an anchoring support scheme meeting the field design requirement according to the design value of the absorption energy of the field anchoring surrounding rock and the energy absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under different anchoring support schemes, and selecting an optimal anchoring support scheme by establishing an economic evaluation index ratio;
the anchoring rock mass is a regular hexahedral test piece, and is obtained by anchoring an anchoring member on an original rock test piece, and the anchoring member comprises a top surface, a bottom surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface; the dynamic and static coupling test system comprises a dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem and a dynamic and static coupling test monitoring subsystem; the dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem comprises a loading base, a first loading rod, a second loading rod, a third loading rod, a vertical loading rod, a reaction plate and an impact head; acting on a first side surface, a second side surface and a third side surface of the anchored rock body through a first loading rod, a second loading rod and a third loading rod respectively so as to apply lateral static load to the anchored rock body; acting on the top surface of the anchored rock body through the vertical loading rod, and applying vertical static load to the anchored rock body; under the condition that static loading is kept unchanged, the vertical loading rod is impacted through the impact head, and impact acting force is indirectly applied to the anchored rock mass; the dynamic and static coupling test monitoring subsystem comprises a laser velocimeter and a dynamic data acquisition instrument; the laser velocimeter is used for acquiring the impact speed and the rebound speed of the impact head when impacting the vertical loading rod; the dynamic data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring impact displacement and impact force of the impact head in the impact process;
the dynamic and static coupling test loading subsystem is specifically used for: applying a static load to the original rock test piece through the first loading rod, the second loading rod, the third loading rod and the vertical loading rod, wherein the static load is determined by initial ground stress parameters of the surrounding rock; after the static load is stable, unloading the load of the second loading rod to zero, and laterally anchoring the original rock test piece on the second side surface by adopting an anchoring member to form an anchored rock body; under the condition that the static loading is kept unchanged, an impact force is applied to the vertical loading rod through the impact head until the anchoring component is failed and broken;
the support evaluation system is specifically used for: recording the impact times required by failure and breakage of the anchoring component in the dynamic and static coupling mechanical test process; acquiring first test data in each impact process through a laser velocimeter, and determining a first absorption energy density test value of an anchored rock mass by combining the mass of an impact head, the impact times and the volume of the anchored rock mass; acquiring second test data in each impact process through a dynamic data acquisition instrument, and determining a second absorbed energy density test value of the anchoring rock mass by combining the impact times and the volume of the anchoring rock mass; determining the minimum value of the first absorption energy density test value and the second absorption energy density test value as the absorption energy density of the anchored rock mass;
the support evaluation system is specifically used for: aiming at each anchoring and supporting scheme, determining the energy which can be absorbed by the surrounding rock under the anchoring and supporting scheme according to the anchoring and supporting parameters corresponding to the anchoring and supporting scheme; and if the ratio of the design value of the absorption energy of the on-site anchoring surrounding rock to the energy which can be absorbed by the anchoring surrounding rock under the anchoring supporting scheme is less than a preset safety threshold, determining that the anchoring supporting scheme is the anchoring supporting scheme meeting the on-site design requirement.
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